2011年安大研究生英语上册英语课后题及答案

第一单元

II. Vocabulary

dimension paradox semblance lousy reckon

Stance vulnerability idiosyncrasy disciplinary debunk

1.It was only later that the aesthetic of literary study became emphasized with an

accompanying concentration on the fictional genres.

2.Some might think this a rather approach to a primarily theoretical topic, but it seems

appropriate to this book.

3.But we now have to with the fact that the peculiar essence of a human being is

rationality, that is, each human essence is some particular form of rationality.

4.The that local leaderships had taken had enormous public support, expressed both in

the number prepared to take part in public meetings and in opinion polls.

5.Sometimes it's difficult to separate out the consequences of abuse per se from the

consequences of ________ emotional environment, or from the consequences of neglect and deprivation.

6.It is the ultimate ________ of this highly academic school of fiction that it defies all the usual

rules of academic scrupulosity, as if fiction were a breaking-out, a holiday from cares.

7.There are numerous ways to ________ the myths, not the least of which is to simply stop and

think carefully about them.

8. A governing, advisory, or ________ body of some colleges and universities composed of

faculty members and sometimes student representatives.

9.In spite of efforts to give some ________ of fair treatment to the ordinary sailor, no radical

improvement in the methods or rate of payment was made until after the mutinies of 1797. 10.People with disabilities and other ________ populations should develop their own

emergency plans as well as establish support groups at community level.

III. Phrases

in more ways than one act in on the take (with) head for

may (might) as well arm with to sb’s credit put on

1.In a well-known British newspaper, a writer argued recently that ―industry is caught in a web

of bribery‖ and that everyone is ―________‖.

2.Seconds after his name was called Saturday night, he hugged everyone important in his life

— coaches and family — let out a deep, deep sigh and ________ the podium.

3.Woods realized the investors were mostly interested in their net worth and that any increase

in their net worth would be ________ in the eyes of his benefactors.

4.The cupboards are useful for ______ a reading lamp ______, and of course a dressing table is

important, with a nice big mirror for doing your hair and ________ the make-up.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1e17407037.html,nguage tests ________ involve objective tests as well as subjective tests, which can fully

demonstrate testees’ linguistic competence.

6.An Air Force B-52 bomber was reported to fly across the central United States yesterday with six cruise

missiles ________ nuclear warheads.

7.Venice is fragile ________; it is so unique that it requires a special kind of protection.

8.The new Act also allows a director of a subsidiary to ________ the best interests of its

holding company even when it may not be in the best interests of the company.

V. Cloze

expect drive unimpeachable industrial evaluate

perspective shape chiefly objectivity sponsor

affiliation hierarchies acknowledgment support desperate

Knowing who wrote a book helps you judge its quality and understand its full significance.

Authors are people. Like anyone else, their views are ____1____ by their educations, their jobs, their early lives, and the rest of their experiences. Also like anyone else, they have prejudices, blind spots, ____2____ moments, failings, and desires --- as well as insights, brilliance, ____3____, and successes. All of this comes into play.

Most authors belong to organizations: universities, corporations, governments, newspapers, magazines. These organizations each have distinct cultures, ____4____ of power, and social norms. Organizations shape both how a work is written and the content of what it says. For example, university professors are ____5____ to write books and/or journal articles in order to get tenure. These pieces of writing must meet certain standards of quality, defined ____6____ by other professors; for them, content usually matters more than good writing. Journalists, by contrast, are often ____7____ by deadlines and the need to please large audiences. Because of this, their standards of quality are often directed more toward clear and engaging writing than toward ____8____ content; their sources are usually oral rather than written.

The more you know about the author and his/her organization, the better you will be able to ____9____ what you read. Try to answer quest ions like these: what shaped the author’s intellectual ____10____? What is his or her profession? Is the author an academic, a journalist, a professional (doctor, lawyer, ____11____ scientist, etc.)? Expertise? Other books and articles?

Intellectual network(s)? Gender? Race? Class? Political ____12____? Why did the author decide to write this book? When? For what audience(s)? Who paid for the research work (private foundations, government grant agencies, industrial ____13____, etc.)? Who wrote ―jacket blurb s‖ in ____14_____ of the book?

You can often (though not always) learn about much of this from the ____15____, the bibliography, and the author’s biographical statement.

Exercise: Translate the following Chinese into English or English into Chinese.

1. Why are some people argumentative and domineering, while others are shy and hesitant? … Why are some people greedy, selfish, and cynical, while others are easy to get along with?

2. From the standpoint of the developing countries, the next decade should see a greatly accelerated

program for scientific and technological co-operation, aimed at widespread dissemination of technology for meeting the basic needs of man, such as nutrition, shelter, communications, health and sanitation.(from the United Nations documents)

3. While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.

4. In his autobiography, Darwin points out modestly that he always experienced much difficulty in

expressing himself clearly and concisely, but he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observation.

当前，正在进行以课程教材改革为核心的教育改革，改革的中心目标是变应试教育为素质教育。随着课程教材改革的深入，原本一纲一本的教材模式已被打破，出现了一纲多本甚至多纲多本的格局。无论是从指导进行素质教育需要来看，还是在多纲多本情况下加强教学管理来看，编制有我国特色、学科特点的教学目标是必须的。当然，编制教学目标是一个科学性强、难度高的大工程，应该由国家有关教育领导部门来组织协调。

II. Vocabulary

conventional temporary rigorous enroll imperative

scenario embark intoxicate vulnerable frenzy

1. Many countries have adopted systems of __________ education in order to enhance the average level of education.

2. _______ by a sense of its own power, mankind has proceeded further and further with experiments that could destroy itself and the world.

3. As nations are able to produce tens of millions of casualties in a matter of hours, peace has become

a moral ________.

4. The grim-looking woman with graying hair, suddenly bursting out in a ______, frightened us all

away.

5. This is the worst-case ________: in a few years, output in South-east Asia could be 30 to 40 percent

below what it was in 1997, with who knows what consequences.

6. They have mortgaged our children’s future for the _______ convenience of the present.

7. The site features a comprehensive reading list and assignments tailored to graduate students who

_______ in this class

8. Not only did I become a single mother when I left, but my family changed; it became somehow less

valuable without a man, less valuable and a lot more _________.

9. Like any new product entering the food supply, genetically modified foods must be subjected to

________ testing.

10. Over two thirds of British women _______ on a new diet or fitness regime at the start of this year,

according to the survey.

III. Phrases

attach to hold back identify with

not so much…as in tune with

1. I feel far more ________what is going on when I am in the bush than when I am in London or Nairobi.

2. The play was so gripping that the audience quickly __________ the actors.

3. You feel lost，sick at heart before such unmasked hatred，__________ because it threatens you

__________ because it shows humans in such an inhuman light．

4. Nevertheless, it is an omission which I am proud to be able to rectify. I hope my presence here tonight is further proof of the importance we in Britain _______ relations with your great country.

5. Does it pay to ________, play it cool and wait until the other half has shown their hand first?

V. Cloze

tolerance worship than deferential implication

personal feet demand debt privilege

communicate on close friend narcissistic

Unlike boomers or Gen Xers, most Gen Yers didn't rebel against their parents --- with mom and dad slavishly (1)________ at the altar of their children's feelings, they didn't really need to. As the kids commonly say, their parents are their best (2) _______.

Partly as a result of such treatment, they are more self-confident, independent and less (3) _______ to authority --- all products of being brought up to believing that they are special. So, no wonder they see good work as a right, not a (4) _________.

They also have less (5) ________ for unpleasant work environments, which includes micromanagement by their bosses. Older managers, who entered the workplace at a time when people were more intimidated by authority, find their lack of timidity disconcerting (which I suspect is the real reason why managers describe Gen Yers as (6) ________).

Further, they will not put up with things that their older counterparts might. For example, workers of all generations might think their boss was a jerk if he or she made a request that infringed on their (7) ________ time. But while older workers would probably acquiesce, younger workers are more likely to balk, telling themselves their boss has no right to treat them that way.

In a buoyant economy, Gen Yers will vote with their (8) ________ if they do not like how they are being treated. This is the one generational difference that organizations should pay attention to: Gen Yers are more likely to act (9) ________ their values, in part because they have higher expectations about how they should be treated.

Supply and (10) ________ also play a significant role in promoting worker cockiness. I have been delivering the same workshop with a different crop of twentysomething professionals for almost 20 years. Whenever the job market is hot, managers complain about young people's sense of entitlement. Hearing a constant refrain of talent wars and pending skills shortages just makes them more so.

So what are the management (11) _________ of all this?

Actually, Gen Ys are rarely treated differently (12) _______ other workers. Gen Ys do want to be treated well --- but so does everyone else. No one worthy of the title manager is going to treat young workers with sensitivity and everyone else poorly.

Managers would be wise to stop wringing their hands over generational thinking and start paying (13) ________ attention to the unique personality characteristics and motivations of each and every one of

their workers, no matter what their age.

That cool electronic media? It is how Gen Yers like to (14) _______, but not who they are.

And remember: the generational stuff is fleeting. These young workers will soon start families, enter the housing market, become (15) _______ slaves --- and begin complaining about the next generation of hedonistic workers.

Were it ever thus.

Exercise: Translate the following Chinese into English or English into Chinese.

1.矛盾不断出现，又不断解决，正是事物发展的辩证规律。

2. The 1967 UN document calls for a settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israel’s withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israeli’s right to exist.

3. The aggression took many forms: the unilateral denunciation of treaties and international

commitments, interference in the internal affairs of other states, the use of threats against weaker neighbors, the imposition of unequal relationships, outright armed attack against the territories of other states and their dismemberment, the subjugation of colonial peoples and the denial of the right to self-determination as well as fundamental human rights.

4. Sea gulls are excellent flyers. They can fly many miles without stopping. With a short rest here and

there, they can fly from one end of a country to the other. They are good gliders, too. When they glide, they seem to be sliding down invisible slides way up in the air. Sea gulls are good swimmers, too. Their feet are webbed—the little stretches of skin between their toes make paddles. Gulls are floaters. They stay on top of the water like pieces of wood. This is helpful because on long trips over the ocean they will drop down onto the water and float while they take a nap.

5. 对许多生活在小镇和村庄上的人来说，熟人的去世或附近热闹的街口安装了红绿灯有时比远

在外国发生的一场灾难更能吸引他们的注意力。这就是为什么英国地方报纸的发行量几乎与全国性报纸相当。这些地方报纸经常不对国家大事发表评论，编辑也很少对政治问题表明立场。

它们经常为社区服务，表达公众对地方问题的心声。

第三单元

II. Vocabulary

agonize perplex manipulate mask enchant

embody shield console disguise permeate

1. If self-treatment is used, the traveler must realize that the treatment may not be complete and may _______ the effects of other diseases.

2. The traditional family unit, he says, is an irreplaceable form of social capital, ______ the ―spirit of sacrifice‖; teaching traditional morality is a necessary investment in good habits.

3. Many guidelines now in place were designed to purchasers from excess fees and unnecessary charges.

4. Even city dwellers view enough TV specials, showing carnivores preying on herbivores, to understand that death in the wild can be as and ugly as anywhere else.

5. This was a brilliant idea, because mathematicians had been playing with elliptic curves for more than

a century, and had developed plenty of ways of them.

6. Physically, I found John unattractive and I didn't know how I was going to overcome my initial reaction; but being able to my feelings is a crucial part of my job.

7. What the moralists was American society's sudden inability to cope with the poor --- or with drugs or lust or any of the thousand and one weaknesses to which human beings have always been susceptible.

8. Concern for the wellbeing of our closest relatives, the other primates, increasingly ______ debates about the environment, zoos, circuses and laboratory research.

9. There will be a woman somewhere who will respect his incredible determination and who will be ________ by his own personal magic.

10. The figures were below some forecasts, but analysts were by $32 million in unexpected gains from tax credits.

III. Phrases

gain advantage over abound in yearn for adjust to

deprive of attend to point to by chance

1. This means that there are more than 9 million widows living independent lives, ______ various stages of grief, making progress, finding their own way in the world.

2. Mary speaks English well, but she ________ others because her mother lived in Britain for years and had a decent understanding of English.

3. She had no intention of leaving Leningrad but she spent the whole of July ______ the time when she would be able to sleep in the morning and at last do all the housework she never had time to do because of her job.

4. If the poor remain poor, despite the magnificent economic opportunities that ______ American society, their own misconduct must be largely to blame.

5. When brain cells are oxygen for a few minutes --- which can happen during birth --- their normal waves of electrical activity stop, and only returning when an oxygen supply is restored.

6. My own sense of my role as reader is that of someone the narrator has met ______ on a plane or a train; she has a fascinating story to tell, and I am lucky enough to be the listener.

7.It the evidence provided in a survey which revealed that 29 per cent of Black men are in the

distribution, hotel, catering and repair industries compared to only 16 per cent of White men.

8. As his wife, as Mrs. Thompson,

her main responsibility was to look after her husband-that is, to his personal life.

V. Cloze

make sense lie in yield to condolence decease

wake up insist on survivors attend to turn out

outgrow omnipotence funeral abrupt tempt to

I had an experience some years ago which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I had to officiate at two (1) on successive days for two elderly women in my community. Both had died "full of years," as the Bible would say; both (2) the normal wearing out of the body after a long and full life. Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid(3) calls on the two families on the same afternoon.

At the first home, the son of the (4) woman said to me, "If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It's my fault that she died." At the second home, the son of the other deceased woman said, "If only I hadn't (5) my mother's going to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the (6) change of climate, was more than she could take. It's my fault that she's dead."

When things don't (7) as we would like them to, it is very (8)______ assume that had we done things differently, the story would have had a happier ending. Priests know that any time there is a death, the (9) will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out badly, they believe that the opposite course - keeping Mother at home, postponing the operation – would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse?

There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to feel guilt. The first is our pressing need to believe that the world (10) , that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens. That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.

The second element is the notion that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is our fault. The roots of this feeling may (11) our childhood. Psychologists speak of the infantile myth of (12) . A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He (13) in the morning and summons the rest of the world to its tasks. He cries, and someone comes to (14) him. When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely (15) the infantile notion that our wishes cause things to happen.

Exercise: Put the following English into Chinese or Chinese into English

1.Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral,

grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend. (F. Bacon)

2. Knowledge, in any art or science, being always the fruit of observation, study, or practice, gives, in

proportion to its extent and usefulness, the possessor a just claim to respect.

3. Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television multi-media groups are going to be able to

compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. This alone demonstrates that the television

business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.

4.I’m not complaining about the past, but I am frightened about the future because it’s an unknown

quantity, chiefly because you have never communicated with me but have simply taken your anger out on me without knowing why or what causes it, which can only leave me feeling that I’m the cause and it seems awfully unfair.

5.老师是花钱雇来的向导和专家，因此，选择最佳的路径带领学生走向山顶是他的责任。如果他

选择的路太杂草丛生没法继续前进，整队人马只得返回，而他就得另选路径。某处一定有一条通往山顶的路。

第五单元错误！未找到引用源。. Vocabulary

exhort scarce sustain prevalent brutal

dose advent inequity epidemic torment

1. Europe’s citizens and its industry must curb water consumption and use water in a more efficient way

or face severe droughts and water____ in the coming decades.

2. Democrat Barack Obama offered a package of proposals on Wednesday aimed at halting growing

income_____, which include an overhaul of bankruptcy laws and tax breaks to make college more affordable for the middle class.

3.The global carbon cycle fluctuated little before the___ of industrialization, say physicists who have

studied ice-core records.

4.Everyone sheds a tear at the movie’s most poignant moment, when the terrorist ___ assassinates the deputy press secretary.

5.The report indicates that the ____ continues to spread ---around the world, 4000 people are infected

with the HIV virus every single day.

6.The smaller boys badly wanted to give the bully a _____ of his own medicine.

7.This practice, together with a shortage of disposable needles and syringes, has contributed to a marked

increase in the____of the infection among drug users.

8. A few individuals advanced a short distance towards the village and were______ the others to follow them.

9. We must consider reducing our negative environmental impact through the ______ use and responsible management of Earth's resources.

10. I paced my room hastily and perturbed, while my imagination conjured up a thousand images to

______ and sting me.

错误！未找到引用源。错误！未找到引用源。. Phrases

take on reflect on cut through come of age be dedicated to

1.From a central opening, the fieldstone steps led up to a broad path____an apple orchard and stretching uphill to the edge of the woods.

2.We____ promoting the well-being of birds through research, education, and applied conservation

efforts.

3.Whatever my failings in that department, when I ____ the job of captaincy I was absolutely convinced

that I could do it.

4. This last session provides an appropriate moment to _____ our successes for the year, clean up any

messes that I may have made, and look ahead.

5.As graduation day approached, my excitement increased. Being out of high school meant I was finally ________. Soon I would be on my own, making my own decisions.

V. Cloze

traditional than commit willing in

bring effective differ belief as

enhance advantage excited predict because

When women become managers, do they bring a different style and different skills to the job? Are they better, or worse, managers__1___ men? Are women more highly motivated and __2___ than male managers?

Some research supports the idea that women __3___ different attitudes and skills to management positions, such as greater cooperativeness, an emphasis on affiliation and attachment, and a___4__ to bring emotion factors to bear___5__ making workplace decisions. These differences are seen to carry___6__ for companies, __7___ they expand the range of techniques that can be used to help the company manage its workforce ____8____.

A study commissioned by the International Women’s Forum discovered a management style used

by some female managers (and also by some men) that___9__ from the command-and-control style__10___ used by male managers. Using this ―interactive leadership‖approach, ―women encourage participation, share power and information, __11___ other people’s self-worth, and get others_12____ about their work. All these things reflect their____13_ that allowing employees to contribute and to feel powerful and important is a win-win situation---good for the employees and the organization.‖The study’s director ___14_ _ that ―interactive leadership may emerge__15___ the management style of choice for many organizations.‖

Exercise: Translate the following.

1. A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.

2.We don’t read history simply for pleasure, but in order to discover the laws of political growth and change.

3. Other students of the brain, noting that disease and physical damage can change personally and distort the mind, believe the brain to be nothing more than a fantastically complex computer.

4.Today it is not unusual for an American student，even one who works part time during the school year and full time during the summer, to have accumulated at least $5,000 in loans after four years --- loans that the student must start to replay within one year after graduation (and incidentally, not all these loans are low-interest, as many non-students believe).

5. Studies of pathological liars find that many of them were badly treated as children, many came from families in which one member was an alcoholic or was mentally ill, and many grew up in families in which the truth was simply never valued or practiced. They seem to have an unusually strong desire to be liked and admired by others and thus most, though not all, become uncontrollable liars.

第一单元

II. Vocabulary

1. dimension

2. idiosyncratic

3. reckon

4. stance

5. lousy

6. paradox

7. debunk

8. disciplinary

9. semblance 10. vulnerable

III. Phrases

1. on the take

2. headed for

3. to his credit

4. putting…on; putting on

5. might as well

6. armed with

7. in more ways than one

8. act in

V. Cloze

1. shaped

2. desperate

3. objectivity

4. hierarchies

5. expected

6. chiefly

7. driven

8. unimpeachable

9. evaluate 10. perspective

11. industrial 12. affiliation 13. sponsors 14. support 15. Acknowledgement

1. 为什么有些人强词夺理，专横跋扈，而另一些人却羞羞答答，优柔寡断？……为什么有些人贪婪自私，玩世不恭，而另一些人却平易近人？

2. 从发展中国家的观点来看，下一个十年应有一个大力加速科学技术合作的纲领，旨在广泛传播

技术以满足人们诸如营养、住宅、交通、卫生保健之类的基本需要。

3. 尽管律师的见解和反应可能会提升新闻报道的质量，但记者最好凭借自己对该新闻意义的理解

做出自己的判断。

4. 达尔文在自传中谦虚地指出，他经常很难清晰而简洁地表达自己的思想，但他认为可能正因为

有了这个困难，他才不得不对自己要说的每一句话进行长时间的认真思考，从而发现自己在推理和观察中的错误，结果这反而成了他的优点。

5. Presently, an educational reform is under way that centers on curriculums and teaching materials. As our main goal, we will try to reform the educational system so that it focuses on the enhancement of the students’ abilities instead of training them merely to pass exams. We used to have only one set of textbooks in line with a single syllabus for each course. With the reform deepening, we are beginning to have more than one series of textbooks under the same syllabus or, in some cases, even more than one syllabus for the same course. In order to enhance students’ abilities and strengthen educational administration for the variety of syllabuses and teaching materials available, it is necessary for us to formulate teaching targets suited to China’s situation and particular subjects. Formulat ion of such targets is a difficult scientific project that must be organized and coordinated by the appropriate state education authorities.

第二单元

II. vocabulary

1.conventional

2. intoxicated

3. imperative

4. frenzy

5. scenario

6. temporary

7. enroll

8. vulnerable

9. rigorous 10. embarked

III. Phrases

1. in tune with

2. identified with

3. not so much/ as

4. attach to

5. hold back

V. Cloze

1.worshipping

2. friends

3. deferential

4. privilege

5. tolerance

6. narcissic

7. personal

8. feet 9. on 10. demand 11. implications 12. than 13. closer https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1e17407037.html,municate 15.debt

1.The ceaseless emergence and ceaseless resolution of contradictions constitute the dialectical law of

the development of things.

2.1967年联合国文件要求在以色列撤出所占领的土地以及阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权的基础上

来解决中东冲突。

3.侵略有多种方式：单方面废除条约与国际义务，干涉别国内政，威胁弱小邻国，强迫实行不平

等，公然入侵别国领土瓜分别国，征服殖民地民族，否认自决权以及基本人权。

4.海鸥善于飞行。它们可以连续飞很远。能从一个国家的一端飞到另一端，此间只需偶尔短暂休

息一下。海鸥也善于滑翔。它们仿佛在高空中沿着无形的滑道轻松滑翔。海鸥还善于游泳。海鸥长着脚蹼一—脚爪间相连的小块皮肤一—游泳时就是小小的浆。海鸥还善于浮水，它们可以像木块那样浮在水上。这对海鸥非常有用，因为在漫长的越洋飞行中，它们可以落到水面上小憩一下。

5.For many people in small towns and villages, the death of someone known to them or the installation

of traffic lights at a busy street corner nearby can sometimes attract their attention more than a disaster far away in another country. That’s why British local ne wspapers almost have as large a circulation as its national counterparts. The local newspapers often make no comment on problems of national importance and editors rarely hold with sides on political affairs. But they can often be of service to the communi ty in expressing the public’s feeling on local issues.

第三单元

II. Vocabulary

1.mask

2. embodying

3. shield

4. agonizing

5. manipulating

6.disguise

7.perplexed 8. permeates9. enchanted 10. consoled

III. Phrases

1. adjusting to

2. gained an advantage over

3. yearning for

4. abound in

5. deprived of

6.by chance

7. points to

8. attend to

V. Cloze:

(1)funerals (2) yielded to (3) condolence (4) deceased (5) insisted on

(6)abrupt (7) turn out (8) tempting to (9) survivors (10) makes sense

(11)lie in (12) omnipotence (13) wakes up (14) attend to (15) outgrow

Key to translation exercise:

1. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞使人善辩。（王佐良译）

2. 在任何科学或艺术领域，由于知识总是观察研究或实践的成果，知识拥有者有权受到尊重。

所受尊重的程度与其所掌握知识的深度广度及实用价值成正比。

3. 显然，只有规模最大经营最灵活的电视传媒集团才能在这个精彩纷呈而又竞争白热化的市场

中生存。这一点就足以说明，要在电视行业幸存下来并非易事。1989年欧洲的八十家电视网络中有一半以上亏损，这一统计数据尤其说明这一事实。

4. 我并不是抱怨过去，我只是害怕未来，因为未来还是个未知数。这主要是因为你从来什么都

不跟我说，只是无缘无故地迁怒于我，仿佛我是祸根。你这样做对我似乎是极不公平的。

5.A teacher is a paid guide and expert and thus it’s his duty to choose the best path

to lead the students to approach the top of the mountain. But if the path he chooses is too overgrown to make further progress, the whole party will have to go back and he will have to choose another route. There must be a way to the top somewhere.

第五单元

错误！未找到引用源。. Vocabulary

1. scarcity

2. inequity

3. advent

4. brutally

5. epidemic

6. dose

7. prevalence

8. exhorting

9. sustainable 10. torment

错误！未找到引用源。错误！未找到引用源。. Phrases

1. cutting through

2. are dedicated to

3. took on

4. reflect on

5. coming of age

错误！未找到引用源。. Cloze

1. than

2. committed

3. bring

4. willingness

5. in

6. advantages

7. because

8. effectively

9. differs 10. traditionally

11. enhance 12. excited 13. belief 14. predicted 15. as

Key to translation exercise:

1. 正如没有灵魂的身体不成其为人一样, 没有爱的家庭也不成其为家。

2. 我们读历史不单纯是为了娱乐，而是为了可以从中发现政治发展和演变的规

律。

3. 另外一些研究人脑的科学家注意到疾病和身体损伤能够改变人的秉性，扭曲人的心灵。他们认为大脑简直就是个神奇复杂的计算机。

4. 如今,美国大学生即使平时做兼职、暑假做全职, 四年后贷款额累计达到5000美元的情况并不罕见---这笔债务学生必须在毕业后一年内开始偿还(顺便说一句, 这些贷款并非像许多其他人所认为的那样是低利息的)。

5. 对病态说谎者的研究表明，他们中很多人小时候受过虐待，或者家庭成员中有人酗酒或有精神病；还有不少人生活的家庭从不看重说真话也从不说真话。他们似乎非同寻常地渴求别人的喜爱和钦佩，因而忍不住经常说谎，尽管并非人人如此。

研究生英语一课后翻译答案

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研究生英语综合教程(课后习题答案)

Unit One Task 1 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B Task 2 1.public(c) 2.discipline(b) 3.strength(a) 4.reference(a) 5.strength(d) 6.public(a) 7.demonstrated(b) 8.discipline(c) 9.references(c) 10.personality(a) 11.discipllining(d) 12.demonstrates(a) 13.public(d) 14.reference(b) 15.personality(c) Task 3 1.employment 2.paid 3.adjust 4.setting 5.discouraged 6.credit 7.cite 8.demonstrate 9.teamwork 10.rules Unit Two Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C Task 2 1. bud (n.); budding (adj.) 2. access (n.); access (v.) 3. taste (n.);tasted (v.) 4. fool (n.); fooling (v.) 5. produces (v.); produce (n.) 6. garnish (v.); garnishes (n.) 7. reigns (v.); reign (n.) 8. concern (n.); concerned (v.) 9. named (v.); name (n.) 10. practiced (v.); practice (n.) Task 3 1) integration 2) choice 3) handed 4) aspiring 5) steaming 6) masterpieces 7) pleasure 8) partake 9) amazing 10) presented Unit Three Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A Task 2 1. stack up against 2. struck a chord 3. amounted to 4. chopping off 5. appeal to 6. pick up on 7. turned out 8. fade away 9. brought together 10. pulled off 11. thrust upon 12. be kept clear of Task 3 1) swirling 2) delivered 3) glowed 4) intervals 5) converge 6) wanderings 7) navigate 8) jealousy 9) presence 10) absorbed Unit Four Task 1 1.A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C Task 2 1. maintained (a) 2. romantic (a)

2020年安徽大学812英语综合知识考研精品资料

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LESSON 1 1.因为英语是个杀手,正是英语造成了坎伯兰语,康沃尔语,诺恩语和马恩语等语言的消亡.在这 些岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言.然而,英语在日常生活中无处不在.所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语.英语对现存的凯尔特语:爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。 2.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧、,性别歧视的情况类似"）的偏见密 切相关。在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界，最重要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播。这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。 3.总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的文化及其为 世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做也没有太大的风险，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么威胁。 4.然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈任何世界语言所具有的明显优势， 例如广泛的通信网，强大的文化传媒体系，及强有力的文化教育机构。 5.讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言， 在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。 6.这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处， 同时尽可能避免招来灾难。 LESSON 2 1.年初布什总统签署了一项《不让一个孩子落后》的重大法案,誓言要把“困在那些教学质量不佳又不进行改革的学校里的孩子”解救出来.2007 年7月1日美国教育部宣布有8652所学校被列 为“长期教学质量低下”的学校,现在这些学校中的学生必须在今后的几天内考虑决定他们是否 要转学, 同时各个学区也在忙着为符合转学条件的学生提供帮助和服务以抓住选择的机会。 ２.对于那些在教学改革旋涡中挣扎的学校的校长、老师和学生来说，这一法案的直接后果则是迷惑与混乱。他们认为该法案制订的教学改革标准太高而又没有说明各学区如何达到这些标准。３.我们必须对公众负责，不过我们必须研究所有衡量指标。 ４.一所学校连续两年在州水平考试中没有表现出“足够的年度改进”就会被认为是不合格的学校，但是联邦教育部并没有提供一个具有权威性的不合格学校的名单让学生家长作为参考，而是要求各州各自确定不合格学校的名单，并且要求他们把学生的考试成绩按照学生的种族和家庭收入进行分类。新法案还规定各州要公布便于学生和家长查找的不合格学校的名单，但是没有几个州能很快拿出来。 ５.教育部次长，前宾夕法尼亚州学校总监Eugene Hickok 也承认“该法案的实施可能会引起一些混乱”，但是他又说各州也不应为此而大惊小怪。教育部长Rod Paige 已经向各学区主管人士就有关改革事宜做了扼要指示并通报了全国。他说，即使在如纽约和芝加哥这样的大城市“接收择校生比较困难”，但“法律就是法律”。 ６.Wooten 说，“人很容易放弃自我，而去赶别人的潮流，但正如其他的美国人一样，我们都有成功的机会。我们为什么不开创自己的潮流呢？” LESSON ４ １.无论作为法定婚姻的前奏还是其替代品，同居现象的频繁出现都进一步弱化了婚姻区别于其他结合形式的独立特征。不管怎样，所有这些打破传统的结合方式一直以来都是建立在亚当一夏娃模式的异性恋基础之上的。 ２.有报告说曾发生过外星人为了做繁衍后代实验而绑架地球人的事件，但不论这些报道是否只是人们的幻觉，地球人探索宇宙寻找外星人却是事实。

安徽大学 研究生英语 课文summary and comment

上册 Summary of Unit2(Recession-proofing your career) in the text,the author firstly tries to tell us that guaranteed jobs have already become history.These days,no matter what our official employment status,we are all temporary workers. But there is much that you can do to protect yourself from change and economic upheaval,by equipping yourself with the skills to manage your career more effectively.She then suggests some skills.She recommends discovering both your overt and covert talents,making sure that a wide range of positions are available to you,and never committing to any“hot job”which exceeds either your interest or talent.Moreover,you should cultivate and maintain an active network both inside and outside of your profession,to“market”yourself,to convince the employer that you are the most suitable candidate for the job.Finally,always follow work trends. I am bound to face the work dilemma in the future sooner or later.I quite agree with the author’s opinion.There is no reason for us to stop learning when we are working.The author’s suggestions will help me much in the foreseeable future. 翻译： 在文中，作者首先试图告诉我们，保证工作已经成为历史，如今，不管我们在职场从事的是什么工作，我们都只是临时工。但是你可以学习一些技能来更有效地规划自己的事业，使自己免受变化和经济震荡的影响。她提出一些技能。她建议，发现你的显性和隐性的人才，确保广泛的职位提供给你，决不承诺任何“热门工作”而超过你的兴趣或才能。你应该在自己的行业内外建立和维持一个活跃的人际网络，来“推销”自己，说服雇主，你是最合适的求职者。最后，总是遵循工作趋势。 我迟早要面对这个工作的窘境。我完全同意作者的观点。当我们工作的时候，我们没有理由停止学习。作者的建议将在可预见的将来，我有很多的帮助。 Summary of Unit3(Lies) People usually have very negative views regarding lies.Liars are frequently criticized,even cursed.Yet this passage exemplifies a different perspective,one which cruelly reveals the fact that everyone tells lies.We can not live without lying and the lies direct out thoughts and the truth.We need our lies to mask our fear and anxiety about life and death----about the many things we do not understand and control.Lies make us feel superior to other species.Religions abound with myths and tales,which are basically lies that provide human beings with a sense of safety.People need big lies,because lying disguises our mortality,our inadequacies,our fears and anxieties,our loneliness in the midst of the crowd. I just agree the author’s views in a certain degree.People say some white lies,but it is moral problems if a person always tells lies.No one would like a man who never speaks the truth.Lies can not make our life,also can not let the world better.Which can make the world better only the more beautiful heart. 翻译： 人们通常对谎言有很消极的看法。骗子经常被批评，甚至被诅咒。然而，这篇文章是一

研究生英语综合教程(上)课后翻译答案

研究生（英语）课后部分翻译答案 1. “一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。 “Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,” says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting …there? faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move quickly, but you have to know how to decide where …there? is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.”（第一章 P29 第一段） 2. 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Lastly, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers find self worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society—as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it provides yet another form of compensation.（第一章 P29 第二段） 3. 最近的调查显示越来越多的人抱怨饭菜质量平平，价格昂贵，而法国烹饪的衰落还不止于此。这在法国可不是个小问题，要知道2002年美食旅游为法国创收180 亿欧元，占到全部旅游收入的1/4。越来越多的餐馆老板反映政府的税收和经济政策限制了他们的利润，也就影响了他们投资和雇佣更多人手的能力。束缚他们手脚的是令法国不那么光彩的繁琐拖拉的公事程序，更不要说那些来自欧盟的规定，从销售税到布里乳酪里含细菌的指标统统都在严格的掌控之中。 The decline goes well beyond recent surveys that show growing complaints about mediocre quality and high prices—no small concern in a country where tourisme gastronomique earned 18 billion euros in 2002, a quarter of all tourist revenues. More and more restaurateurs say that government tax and economic policies are limiting their profits, and thereby hurting their capacity to invest and hire more staff. They have become ensnarred in the red tape for which France is infamous—not to mention edicts from Brussels that affect everything from sales taxes to the bacteria in the Brie.（第二章 P59 第一段） 4. 浙江菜口味清淡，精致玲珑，是长江下游区域菜肴的代表。西湖醋鱼是其中的一道名菜。这道菜鲜美，酥嫩，带着自然的清香。中国乃至世界各地的中餐馆大都能找得到这道菜，但口味往往不及在浙江杭州吃得那般纯正。因为只有杭州拥有来自西湖的鱼和水。 Zhejiang cuisine is light and exquisite, and is typical of food from along the lower Yangtze River. One famous dish is West Lake Vinegar Fish, which looks pretty and has the delicate refreshing flavors of nature. Many Chinese restaurants in China, as well as other parts of the world, serve this dish, but often the flavor is less authentic compared to that found in Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang Province, which has unique access to the fish and water of West Lake.（第二章 P59 第二段） 5. 不管如何解释，工作与生活的平衡总是欧洲人的主要谈资，同时也是智囊团和政策制定者研究和考虑的主题。在美国，人们使用这个说法时总是带着几分针对那些吃蛋奶火腿馅饼的有闲人士才会表现出来的冷嘲热讽的态度。但是，它可能还是会流行起来的。时任《纽约时报》执行主编的比尔?凯勒曾鼓励员工们要给生活增加一些色彩，多陪陪家人或去欣赏艺术。 Whatever the explanation, the idea of a work-life balance is a staple of European discourse, studied

安徽大学研究生英语考试vocabularyd

上册unit 2 Many countries have adopted systems of conventional education in order to enhance the average level of education .许多国家采用传统教育系统以提高教育的平均水平 Intoxicated by a sense of its own power, mankind has proceeded further and further with experiments that could destroy itself and the world.被自我力量的沉醉,人类一步步发展,一步步实验,可能会破坏自己和世界 As nations are able to produce tens of millions of casualties in a matter of hours, peace has become a moral imperative必要的事.由于国家能够在几小时内产生数以百万计的伤亡人数,和平已成为一种道德义务。 The grim-looking woman with graying hair, suddenly bursting out in a frenzy, frightened us all away.一个白发冷酷的女人,突然疯狂的大声喊叫,吓坏了我们所有人。 This is the worst-case scenario: in a few years, output in South-east Asia could be 30 to 40 percent below what it was in 1997, with who knows what consequences.这是最坏的情况:几年后,东南亚地区的产量可能会低于1977年的30~40%,有谁知道后果。 They have mortgaged our children’s future for the temporary convenience of the present.他们为了现在一时的方便抵上了我们孩子的未来。 The site features a comprehensive reading list and assignments tailored to graduate students who enroll in this class.这个网站列出一个综合性阅读清单并且给选入这个班的同学布置量身定制的作业。

研究生英语课后习题测试

1 大学课堂：还有人在听吗？ 12.The lecture system ultimately harms professors as well. It reduces feedback to a minimum, so that the lecturer can neither judge how well students understand the material nor benefit from their questions or comments. Questions that require the speaker to clarify obscure points and comments that challenge sloppily constructed arguments are indispensable to scholarship. Without them, the liveliest mind can atrophy. Undergraduates may not be able to make telling contributions very often, but lecturing insulates a professor even from the beginner’s na?ve question that could have triggered a fruitful line of thought. 讲课制度最终也会危害到教授们。反馈减少到了最低点，因此讲课者既不能判断学生对材料的了解程度，也不能受益于学生的提问或评论。学生要求说话者澄清模糊论点所提出的问题，以及挑战结构松散的论据的评论，这对于学术是必不可少的。没有这些，最活跃的头脑也会萎缩。大学生也许还不能够常常做出显著的贡献，但是讲课把教授同新生天真的问题阻隔开了，而这些问题很可能会引起一系列思考。 14.Smaller classes in which students are required to involve themselves in discussion put an end to students’ passivity. Students become actively involved when forced to question their own ideas as well as their instructor’s. their listening skills improve dramatically in the excitement of intellectual give-and-take with their instructors and yellow students. Such interchanges help professors do their job better because they allow them to discover who knows what—before final exams, not after. When exams are given in this type of course, they can require analysis and synthesis from the students, not empty memorization. Classes like this require energy, imagination, and commitment from professors, all of which can be exhausting. But they compel students to share responsibility for their own intellectual growth. 如果班级较小又要求学生参加讨论，这就会消除学生的被动性。学生被迫对他们自己和老师的思想表示怀疑时，他们就变得主动参与了。他们听的技巧在与老师和同学的学术交流所带来的刺激中大大得到提高。这种交替互动能够帮助教师做得更好，因为他们会发现谁知道什么---在期末考试前，而不是之后。这种形式的课程考试要求学生分析和综合，而不是空洞的记忆。这样的课程需要教授们的活力、想象力和投入，所有这些都会令人精疲力竭的。但是，这也使得学生为他们自己的学术成长分担责任。 2 家与旅行 第二段 13、Taken altogether, the things that mattered a great deal to me when I was a child are very few when I compare them to the overloaded tables and overcrowded shelves through which children today have to thread their way. Only if they are very fortunate will they be able to weave together into memories the ill-assorted mass of gadgets, toys, and easily forgotten objects, objects without a past or a future, and piles of snapshots that will be replaced by new, brightly colored snapshots next year. 现在的孩子书桌和书架上都堆满了东西。和他们比起来，童年时对我有意义的东西加在一起也没有几件。但是只有当他们非常幸运的时候，他们记忆中才有可能出现那些杂乱无章

武汉理工大学研究生英语课后翻译

P18 1.我曾经遇到过这样一位管弦乐指挥严师。当有人弹错时，他怒骂他为“白痴”；当有人弹走音时，他暂停指挥，怒吼。他就是杰瑞·卡帕奇斯基——乌克兰移民。 2.传统的观念认为，老师应该为学生梳理知识，而不是一味的把知识塞进他们的脑袋里。作业和小组学习都是倍受青睐的学习手段。传统的方法，如讲授和背诵，都被讥讽为“钻杀”，被人反对，被贬为是用正确的方法来蚕食年轻一代的创造力和积极性。 3.死记硬背现在被作为解释来自印度（印度人的记忆力让人赞不绝口）家庭的孩子在全国拼字比赛中大胜对手的一个原因。 4.当然，我们也担心失败会给孩子造成精神创伤，削弱他们的自尊。 5.研究人员曾以为，最有效的老师会通过小组学习和讨论带领学生学习知识。 P41 1.它常常造成的水资源紧张的局面，迫使当地居民争夺紧缺资源。 2.由于气候炎热，游客度假时倾向于使用比在家里更多的水，用量可达到每天440升。 3.在旅游活动集中地区和颇具人气的自然景点，废物处理是一个严峻的问题，处置不当可能威胁到自然环境——河流、风景区、路边。 4.通常旅游业未能将其结构与当地自然特性和本土建筑相结合。 5.当土地和资源被过度使用，植被、野生动物、高山、海洋和海岸环境和水资源超出其承载能力时，也会导致生物多样性的丧失。 P59 1.一项新的研究消除了某些美国人所珍视的观点，即音乐能提高孩子的智力。 2.对于这一点，仅有几十项研究检验过传闻中的学习音乐对智力的益处，其中只有5项采用了随机对照研究，即所设计的研究将因果效应分离出来。 3.尽管这一效应只持续了大约15分钟，但却被吹嘘成智力有可持续的提高，乔治亚州州长泽尔·米勒就在1998年承诺每年拿出超过1000,000美元的资金用于给该州每位儿童提供一张古典音乐的唱片。 4.我们教孩子们莎士比亚不是因为我们认为真能帮助他们在大学入学考试中做得更好，我们这样做是因为我们认为莎士比亚很重要。 5.在整个人类历史和古代，音乐代表了人类这一动物不可或缺的品质以及世界上每一种文化的共性——包括儿童音乐。 P79 1.3D打印机的兴起——通过互联网下载设计模型，小规模的生产出产品——预示着新一代生产者的出现，他们将“为发达国家带来空前多样化的产品。”

研究生英语课后习题答案精简版

Unit One B 1. sensitive 2. list 3. prevalent 4. deficiency 5. withheld 6. certainty 7. functional 8. confronte 9. courtesy 10. spared 11. stroke 12. ambitious 13. purified 14. highlights 15. novelty E 1. language 2. associates 3. in-laws 4. total 5. responds 6. swell 7. Hardly 8. lives 9. dreams 10. aloud 11. ourselves 12. so 13. distinguishes 14. humanity 15. makes 16. expressed 17. source 18. newborn 19. act 20. tradition 汉译英 1. One theory refers to the sensitivity to the target language as being one of the most important factors in language learning. 2. In order to help students in their study of English, the library has decided to lease English films in the original to them. 3. On weekends, if one shop puts up discount notices, other shops, big or small, will c ome up with it by putting up more discount notices. 4. When ungrammatical expressions of a language become prevalent in socie they will gradually be~ by the public. 5. The closing of the company was not caused by a shortage of capital but by management deficiency. 6. Advertisements usually highlight the product or service they advertise to attract customers. 7. It is argued that we should withhold the speed of language change; otherwise we may have to learn a new language every twenty years. 8. I feel gratitude to him because every time I encountered difficulties in my study he would help me. 9. It will take great pains to improve/change the financial situation of the factory. 10.Those who advocate the purity of a language protect the language for the sake of their culture. Unit Two A 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. D 10. B 英译汉 那些常常说谎又没有充足理由的人被称为病态说谎者。他们会对任何事情说谎。他们似乎无法控制说谎的；中动。对这些人的研究表明，他们中很多人小时候受过虐待或者来自有酗酒或有精神病家属史的家庭；也有不少人在他们生长的家庭里，真话得不到尊重，没有人说真话。他们似乎比常人更加强烈地需要得到别人的爱不口别人的尊重。但事实上，他们中并非每个人都无法控制自己说谎的欲望。没人能说清为什么有些人能克制说谎而有些入却无法克制说谎。病态的说谎者往往没有亲近的或长期维持的私人关系。他们非常谨慎，通常不介绍自己的熟人相互认识以免他们将听到的东西进行比较。