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英语翻译作业 苏州园林

英语翻译作业 苏州园林
英语翻译作业 苏州园林

题目:苏州园林(汉译英)

要求:

Direction: Translate the following paragraph into English.

苏州园林是中国古典园林最杰出的代表,大部分为私家所有。苏州园林始于春秋,兴于宋元,盛于明清。清末苏州已有各色园林170余处,为其赢得了“园林之城”的称号。现保存完好的有60多处,对外开放的有10余处。其中沧浪亭(The Surging Wave Pavilion)、狮子林(The Lion Grove Garden)、拙政园(The Humble Administrator’s Garden) 和留园(The Lingering Garden)分别代表着宋、元、明、清四个朝代的艺术风格,被称为“苏州四大名园”。苏州园林宅园合一,可赏,可游,可居,其建筑规制反映了中国古代江南民间的生活方式和礼仪习俗。苏州园林不仅是历史文化的产物,同时也是中国传统思想文化的载体。1997年,苏州园林被联合国教科文组织列入“世界遗产名录”。

参考译文:Classical Gardens of Suzhou are the most outstanding representatives of classical Chinese gardens. Most of them were privately-owned. The gardens first appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period, developed in the Song and Yuan dynasties. By the late Qing Dynasty, Suzhou had got as many as over 170 gardens of diverse styles, winning it the name “The City of Garden”. Now, over 60 gardens are kept in good condition, more than 10 of which are open to the public. The Surging Wave Pavilion, the Lion Grove Garden, the Humble Administrator’s Garden and the Lingering Ga rden are called the four most famous gardens in Suzhou, representing the artistic styles of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties respectively. Suzhou gardens are assemblies of residences and gardens, which makes them suitable places for appreciating, visiting and living. The architectural principles of the gardens are a demonstration of the lifestyles and social customs of the ancient Chinese people in the south of the Lower Yangtze River. Classical Gardens of Suzhou are not only a product of Chinese history and culture, but also a carrier of traditional Chinese ideology and culture. In 1997, Classical Gardens of Suzhou were placed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO.

苏州古典园林之植物

苏州古典园林之植物 花木是组成园景不可缺少的因素。苏州古典园林的花木配植以不整形不对称的自然式布置为基本方式,手法不外直接模仿自然,或间接从我国传统的山水画得到启示。花木的姿态和线条以苍劲与柔和相配合为多,故与山石、水面、房屋有机结合,形成了江南园林独特的风格。在大片落叶树和常绿树的混合配植中,常利用各种树形的大小,树叶的疏密,色调的明暗,构成富于变化的景色,在形成自然山林方面起着重要作用。如拙政园中部二岛,用较多的落叶树配以适当的常绿树,与土坡上茂密的竹丛和池边的芦苇相组合,掩映于宽阔的水面上,取得了较好的效果。 花木既是园中造景的素材,也往往是观赏的主题,园林中许多建筑物常以周围花木命名,以描述景的特点,如拙政园的远香堂、倚玉轩、雪香云蔚亭、待霜亭、梧竹幽居亭、松风亭,柳阴路曲等等,其他各园此类名称也数见不鲜。 利用花木的季节性,构成四季不同的景色,是苏州古典园林中习用的一种手法。例如各园厅堂前的玉兰与花台上的牡丹,侧重春景;怡园内群植的紫薇,拙政园与狮子林等的荷蕖,主要供夏季观赏;留园西部土山上的枫林,以及各园的桂花与菊花,构成秋景;拙政园西部十八曼陀罗花馆前的山茶,以及各园小院内栽植的天竹、蜡梅,则为冬景。不仅如此,园林中对花木混合布置的方法更为重视,如网师园小山丛桂轩前院和留园冠云峰庭院,都配有四季分别可观赏的花木,花期衔接交替,形成四时景色的变化。 苏州园林花木的栽植,大都根据地形,朝向和干湿情况,结合花木本身的生长习性配植。例如桂花、山茶、黄杨,天竹、枸骨、女贞等耐阴,多植于墙阴屋隅;松、柏、榆,枣、丝兰等耐旱,则多植于山上;垂柳、枫杨、石榴等喜湿,多布置在池畔。但并不机械地为其习性所拘束,而是根据花木的姿态、线条、构图、色香等特点,与周围环境作有机的配植。 “远香”原由荷花引伸而来(见宋周敦颐《爱莲说》),远香堂面临荷池,故名。“倚玉”,据明文征明拙政园诗:“倚楹碧玉万竿长”,轩前原有竹。“雪香”意为梅花,“云蔚”指山间树木茂密。“待霜”指霜降桔始红,亭旁种桔树。梧竹幽居亭旁有梧有竹。松风亭前有松。柳阴路曲廊前植柳。 充分利用和发挥原有大树在园林中的作用,也是一种传统的手法。由于某些园林历史悠久,往往遗留若干百年至数百年的古树,后人重建新园,并不因其妨碍修建而加以砍伐,相反地却视为珍品,充分利用这些古树,与山,池、房屋巧妙地组合起来。如网师园看松读画轩南的柏树与罗汉松,拙政园中部的几株大枫杨,留园中部的银杏与朴树,狮子林问梅阁前的银杏,都是利用古树的较好例子。 (一) 种类选择 苏州自然条件比较优越,花木生长良好,种类繁多,有大量温带常见的树木、花卉和藤萝,可供四季观赏。当地大型园林的花木约在百种以上,中小型园林亦有二,三十种至六、七十种左右。- 花木选用方面,主要利用当地传统的观赏植物,发挥地方性的特色。故园林中的树木,多半以落叶树为主,配合若干常绿树,再辅以藤萝、竹类、芭蕉,草花,构成植物配置的基调。 过去苏州古典园林对花木种类的选用,和封建地主阶级的意识形态与艺术标准,以及园主们的喜好有密切的关系。例如对于花木讲究近玩细赏,因而比较重视枝叶扶疏,体态潇洒,色香清雅的花木;对树木的选择常以“古”、“奇”、“雅”为追求的对象。封建迷信思想,在花木种类选择上也有许多反映,例如认为栽植紫薇、榉树象征高官厚禄,玉兰,牡丹谐音玉堂富贵,石榴取其多子,萱草可以忘忧等,因此就

翻译作业2及答案

The UN General Assembly, the central political forum, is composed of 193 members, including virtually all the world’s nation-states. Two thirds of its members are developing countries, which account for about three-quarters of the world’s population. Reaching decisions is difficult, especially since all agreements by custom must be reached by consensus(一致). As a result, important agreements are often held hostage (持有人质)by narrow special interests, and most agreements are reached only by reducing them to their lowest common denominators(共同特性,分母). But the real question is whether the major countries of the world will allow democracy(民主(政治))to function at the highest level. The Security Council, which is responsible for peace and security, deals with issues of the greatest political importance. The Council has only 15 members so it can meet frequently and deal with crises. Once impotence(无效)due to Cold War rivalries, it has regained much of the authority accorded by the UN charter. 联合国大会是最重要的政治论坛,由193个成员国组成,几乎包括了世界上所有的国家。其中三分之二为发展中国家,这些国家的人口占了全球总人口的四分之三。 大会做出决议并非易事,因为按照惯例所有的协议都必须在成员国之间达成共识。结果,一些重要协议往往因为少数国家的特殊利益而面临被否决的可能,

英文翻译练习作业

英文翻译练习(一) The status of Philosophy in Chinese culture has always been regarded as a comparison with that of religion in other cultures. In China, Philosophy is the concerned field by each educated one. Long time ago in China, a person would firstly accept enlightened education in Philosophy if he could be given education. Children should read the Analects, Mencius, The great Learning, The Doctrine of mean once they entered school. The Four Books were regarded as the most important documents after Song(regarded as “new Confucianism”in west).When children began to learn words, the commonly used textbook is Three Words, in which every three words a group, every six words one sentence, and the even sentence rhyme has rhyme, easy to read aloud and easy to remember. In fact, this book is used to learn words for Chinese children. The first sentence of Three Words “Man’s nature is good at birth.” Is the basic idea of philosophy of Mencius.

英语翻译作业

安乐死(个案研究) 达克斯柯沃特 在一次严重的汽车爆炸事故之后,达克斯柯沃特就一直忍受着身体被强烈灼伤的痛苦。他说:“我承受着如此剧烈的痛苦以至于在事故爆发前的几个月我就已经不想再活下去了”。在此后长达数十年的痛苦治疗中,达克斯反复要求他的医生,亲人,朋友帮助他结束他痛苦的人生。达克斯失去了双目和双手,但是其他的身体器官还是健康的,目前,他正在从事律师的工作。他始终坚信,他安乐死的要求被拒绝是错误的,鉴于此,一个有关本案的包括达克斯本人,他的医生以及他的朋友和家庭成员在内的互动小组正在被建立起来。 戴安娜普瑞特 戴安娜普瑞特患有运动神经元疾病,而且面临着一个她并不想面对的痛苦的死亡。她说,“我想在我的家人的陪伴下,选择一种快速的,没有痛苦的死亡方式”。她向英国法院进行呼吁,不过没有成功,最终,欧盟人权法院允许她的丈夫对她进行安乐死。 杰克科沃基安医生 因为拍摄快要死亡的病人的眼睛,科沃基安医生赢得了“死亡医生”的称号。在他以后的职业生涯中,他开始为病患提供“死亡指导”,当绝症患者意识到他在帮助人们安乐死的时候,越来越多的人们开始来到他这里,尽管有一些失败的诉讼案件,但是科沃基安医生还是帮助了超过130人实施了安乐死。 科沃基安医生认为仅仅帮助他人去死是不够的,他杀死了一个叫托马斯的人,并把他的死亡过程拍摄成了一部六十分钟长的纪录片,最终,他在自己的工作室被铺,并且由于在法庭上他没有成功的对自己的行为进行无罪辩护,他被判处10-25年的有期徒刑,他在2006年成为末期与C型肝炎病患者,并要求被赦免。 以上内容来自BBC网站 案例一:托尼布兰德,1989年 当约克郡Airedale 医院的医生们要求高等法院准许他们撤销安插在

苏州古典园林

苏州古典园林 [摘要]:苏州古典园林是中国私家园林的典型代表,以小巧、自由、精致、淡雅、写意见长,比较于以北京为代表的皇家园林,苏州园林更注重文化与艺术的和谐统一,在悠远意境的创造上更胜一筹。意境在中国古典美学体系中占有重要的地位,是一个具有民族特色的高层次的美学概念。本文以苏州古典园林为研究案例,从虚实结合、含蓄与朦胧两个角度阐述其意境创造的艺术手法。 [关键词]:古典园林意境借景含蓄 意境是中国古典美学的一个重要范畴,在中国古典美学体系中占有重要的地位。可以说,意境这一美学概念贯穿唐以后的中国传统艺术发展的整个历史,渗透到几乎所有的艺术领域,成为中国美学中最具民族特色的艺术理论概念,并以它作为衡量艺术作品的最高层次的艺术标准。在造园实践和建筑实践中,意境的创造有着独特的体现,取得了突出的成就。因为中国古典园林的美,并不是一座孤立的建筑物之美,而就是在于艺术意境之美。园境和诗境、画境在美学上有着共同之处,就是“境生于象外”,也就是说,园林的意境不是一个孤立的物象、一座单独的建筑、一片有限的风景,而是要有象外之象,景外之景,这样的意境能够给予观者更为丰富的美的感受。 一虚实结合 一处园林的大小、规模是有限的,怎样将大自然的万水千山缩略于园中,得其神髓与意境,怎样小中见大,在有限中见出无限,是造园家为园林布景前首先要思考的问题。在苏州园林的造园实践中,常常采用虚实相生、分景、隔景、借景等手法,组织空间,扩大空间,丰富美感。 沈复《浮生六记》谈到虚实相生的手法时,说:“虚中有实者,或山穷水尽处,一折而豁然开朗;或轩阁设厨处,一开而可通别院。实中有虚者,开门于不通之院,映以竹石,如有实无也;设矮栏于墙头,如上有月台,而实虚也。”①可见所谓“虚中有实,实中有虚”,都是为了在观赏者的心理上扩大空间感。 分景和隔景都是通过分隔空间来扩大空间感,增加景色的层次,使景色的趣味多样化。借景,则是把观赏者的目光引向园林之外的景色,从而突破有限的空间而达到无限的空间。

句子翻译作业2

进阶翻译练习1 1. 人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。 2. 许多学生没有意识到考试作弊的后果 3. 随着其他领域改革的进行,中国高等教育也在经历着巨大的变化。 4. 依照最近的一项调查,每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟相关的疾病。 5. 一个人的实际能力才是企业所真正看重的。 6. 我们希望我们的政府采取更强硬的措施来防止传染病,比如艾滋。 7. 尽管经济危机,当局还是应该投放大量的预算去帮助有需要的人。 8. 环境中的化学废弃物会严重危害人们的健康。比如,河流中的化学排放物会疾病,基因变易甚至死亡。 9. 说句公道话,严肃性的课堂教学可以使我们学到很多知识。但用这种方式上课,学生们经常无法积极参与课堂活动。 10. 此外,大家庭也给我们提供了好的机会来培养我们的各种能力和性格。比如:合作,团队精神,独立,平等和关心他人。 11. 应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量,努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。 12. 一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间,事实上,把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康。正如那句老话:只工作不玩耍,聪明的孩子会变傻。 13. 当前,一提到即将开始的学校生活,许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而,对多数年轻人来说,校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。 14. 人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。 15. 许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。 16. 考虑到问题的严重性,在事态进一步恶化之前,必须采取有效的措施。 17. 给学生评定成绩的时候,应该把他的出席情况和课堂表现考虑在内。 18. 那些赞成“竞争教育法”的人认为,要想孩子在将来的社会中生存,必须从小就灌输竞争精神。 19. 现在,之所以会有如此多的包装纸是因为我们每天消耗的比过去的家庭要多得多。 20. 我认为我们发明一种新的语言来取代英语是没有必要的. 21. 环境保护是一个如今为人们广为讨论的一个话题。 22. 笔记本电脑流行的主要原因是它操作简单。 23. 没有人能否人这一事实:教育是人生最重要的一方面。 24. 一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。 25. 最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。 26. 我们必须承认,那些反对此观点的人们也有一定的道理。 27. 人们往往会和观念与自己相近的人交朋友。 28. 越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。 29. 说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。 30. 众所周知,环境污染问题是中国乃至世界面临的最为严重的问题之一。 31. 值得注意的是农村和城市的生态环境都在不断恶化。 32. 例如,一些孩子花很多时间在电视机前,忽视他们的学习,户外活动甚至家庭。父母们

英语翻译作业

Americans are much more likely than citizens of other nations to believe that they live in a meritocracy, i.e. Government by people selected according to merit. But this self-image is a fantasy: America actually stands out as an advanced country in which it matters most who your parents were, the country in which those born on one of society’s lower rungs have the least chance of climbing to the top or even to the middle. And if you ask why America is more class-bound in practice than the rest of the Western world, a large part of the reason is that our government falls down on the job of creating equal opportunity. The failure starts early: in America, the holes in the social safety net mean that both low-income mothers and their children are all too likely to suffer from poor nutrition and receive inadequate health care. It continues once children reach school age, where they encounter a system in which the affluent send their kids to good, well-financed public schools or, if they choose, to private schools, while less-advantaged children get a far worse education. 美国人可能比任何其他国家的人都更相信他们生活在一个精英制度之下,人们推选的政府也是据其优势。然而,这个自我形象是一种幻想:作为先进国家,实际上美国的突出特点是出身至关重要,在这个国度里,来自社会底层的人几乎没有机会爬到社会中层,更不用说社会顶层。 如果你要问为什么实际上美国比其他西方国家都要阶级分明,主要原因就是我们的政府在创造公平机会方面的失败。 这种不公平很早以前就开始了:在美国,由于社会安全网存在漏洞,这就意味着低收入的母亲和他们的孩子完全有可能存在营养不良,得不到足够的医疗服务。孩子到了上学年龄这种情况也不会得到改观,他们所遇到的体制是富人可以送自己的孩子到资金充足的好的公立学校上学,如果愿意,还可以从送到私立学校上学,而穷人孩子接受的教育却非常差。

翻译作业2

SZ170420117 环境一班任云帆 Peter Newmark: The first traces of translation date from 3000 BC, during the Egyptian Old Kingdom, in the area of the First Cataract, Elephantine, where inscriptions i n two languages have been found. 最早的翻译的痕迹来自公元前3000年,那时正是古埃及王朝。在第一瀑布(注:地处埃及和苏丹的边界,亚斯旺南郊)首次发现了用两种语言篆刻的碑文。 It became a significant factor in the West in 300 BC, when the Romans took over wholesale many elements of Greek culture, including the whole religious apparatus. 一个很重要的因素是:公园前300年的西方,罗马人垄断了许多的希腊文化元素,包括整个宗教组织。In the twelfth century, the West came into contact with Islam in Moorish Sp ain. 在二十世纪,西方人开始与西班牙的摩尔穆斯林们建立联系。 The situation favoured the two essential conditions for large-scale translation (Storig, 1963): 这样的情景下推动大规模翻译的两个中重要条件是: a qualitative difference in culture (the West was inferior but scientifically acquisitive and receptive to new ideas) and continuous contact between two languages. 文化中的定性差异(西方人比较落后,但是更加贪求科技并且更易于接受新的思想)和两种语言简的持续交流 When the Moorish supremacy collapsed in Spain, the Toledo school of translato rs translated Arabic versions of Greek scientific and philosophical classics. 当摩尔人在西班牙的霸权瓦解,托莱多翻译学院翻译了很多阿拉伯语版的希腊科学和哲学的经典。Luther’s Bible translation in 1522 laid the foundations of modern German and King James’s Bible (1611) had a seminal influence on English language and literature. 卢瑟在1522年翻译的圣经立足于现代德国和金·詹姆斯在1611年翻译的版本,它对英国的语言和文学有着有着重要的影响。 Significant periods of translation preceded Shakespeare and his contemporaries, French classicism and the Romantic Movements. 莎士比亚时期,法兰西古典时期和浪漫主义运动时期都是翻译界中很重要的时期 全文: 最早的翻译的踪迹公元前3000年,那时正是古埃及王朝。在第一瀑布(注:地处埃及和苏丹的边界,亚斯旺南郊)首次发现了用两种语言篆刻的碑文。一个很重要的因素是:公园前300年的西方,罗马人垄断了许多的希腊文化元素,包括整个宗教组织。在二十世纪,西方人开始与西班牙的摩尔穆斯林们建立联系。这样的情景下,推动大规模翻译的两个中重要条件是:文化中的定性差异(西方人比较落后,但是更加贪求科技并且更易于接受新的思想)和两种语言的持续交流。摩尔人在西班牙的霸权瓦解后,托莱多翻译学院翻译了很多阿拉伯语版的希腊科学和哲学的经典。卢瑟在1522年翻译的圣经立足于现代德国和金·詹姆斯在1611年翻译的版本,它对英国的语言和文学有着有着重要的影响。莎士比亚时期,法兰西古典时期和浪漫主义运动时期都是翻译界中很重要的时期。

翻译作业 2

Translation Task 2 I Translate the underlining part into Chinese. The Thanks We Give Editorial of The New York Times It's not the turkey alone we're grateful for. Not the cranberry sauce or the stuffing or even the pumpkin pie. Some of the people seated at the table are strangers --- friends of friends, cousins of in-laws --- and some are almost desperately familiar, faces we live and work with every day. In any other week, today would merely be Thursday and the gathering of all these people--- the cooking and serving and cleaning --- a chore. But today it doesn't feel that way. The host---perhaps it's you--- stands up and asks that we give thanks, and we do, each in our own way. And what we're thankful for is simply this, the food, the shelter, the company and, above all, the sense of for granted the things we almost always take for granted. We try, if only in that brief pause before the eating begins, to see through the well-worn patterns of our lives to what lies behind them. In incompatible with the gratitude- not to mention the abundance --- that Thanksgiving summons. It's tempting to think that one Thanksgiving is pretty much like another, except for differences in the guest list and the recipes. But it isn't true. This is always a feast about where we are now. Thanksgiving reflects the complexion of the year we're in. Some years it feels buoyant, almost jubilant in nature. Other years it seems marked by a conspicuous humility uncommon in the calendar of American emotions. II Correct the inappropriate part in the following sentences. 1. We discovered this long ago but were never able to successfully solve the problem. 2. I hope you will sit down together to carefully study and discuss this question. 3. China is of special importance to the world and is related to the stability and security of the international situation. 4. We must continue to strengthen basic research and increase scientific and technological strength and staying power for future development. 5. In areas that are suitable for the production of grain, a good job must be done in grain production and efforts be made to raise per-unit yield, increase variety, and improve quality.

英语翻译作业1

一、改译 宰客slaughter customers(cheating customers) 自学self learn(study on one’s self) 彩票colorful tickets(lottery) 救火save a fire(Firefighting) (电脑)死机systerm dead(computer crash) 吃食堂eat the canteen(eat in the canteen) 风凉话cold word(sarcastic remark) 太平门safe door(emergency exit) 三角债triangle debts(chain debts) 扣帽子put a hat on(put a label on) 文化程度cultural degree(education level) 抓紧时间grasp time firmly(hurry up) 来信写道the latter writes(the letter reads) 提高英语水平raise the level of one’s English(Improve one’s English) 胸有成竹have a bamboo in one’s stomach(have a well-thought-out plan) 二、直译 大海捞针Look for a needle in the ocean 猫哭耗子假慈悲Cat cry for mouse 嫁鸡随鸡嫁狗随狗Marry a chicken with chicken married dog follows dog 挥金如土Spend money like water 易如反掌As easy as to turn one's hand 打草惊蛇To beat the grass and frighten away the snake 呆若木鸡Dumb as a wooden chicken 千里之行始于足下Every journey begins with the first step 瑞雪兆丰年A timely heavy snow promises a good harvest . 跑得了和尚跑不了庙Run a monk can not run the temple 三、重点翻译 她经常在邻里之间搬弄是非 She always makes mischief between neighbors. 她毛遂自荐来这所学校当老师 She recommending herself to be a teacher in this school. 正真的好朋友应该是雪中送炭 True friend is who provides you timely help. 我要有个三长两短,你给我娘捎个话 If something happens to me, please give my mother a massage. 留得青山在,不愁没柴烧 As long as the green mountains are there, one need not worry about firewood. 你这人真的是狗嘴里吐不出象牙 他对你的许诺不过是个空头支票而已 His promise to you just a blank check. 我喜欢那套房子,但美中不足的是离上班的地方太远 I like that house,but the fly in the ointment is too far away from the work place.

苏州古典园林植物造景

苏州古典园林植物造景 摘要:不论是观花、观果、观叶的植物,还是乔木、灌木,都具有色彩美、姿态美、风韵美,不同的植物各有所长。苏州园林中运用的植物的造景,展现的是造园艺术史上的一朵奇葩。它绿荫护夏,红叶迎秋,经霜雪而傲冬,抗寒冬以迎春。“以景寓情,感物吟志”的花木精神是把诗情画意写入了苏州园林。从“生境”到“画境”到“触景生情”,终于将情景相融推向了高潮,把“意境”的细细微微体现到淋漓尽致[1]。文章详尽系统地介绍了苏州古典园林的植物造景特色,配置原则,品种选择及具体配置方式等内容。以便为保护或修复苏式古典园林和营建仿古园林提供有益的指导。 关键词:古典园林,植物造景,孤植,丛植 1.植物造景定义及苏州古典园林植物造景特色 植物造景就是应用乔木、灌木、藤本及草本植物来创造景观,充分发挥植物本身形体、线条、色彩等自然美,配植成一幅幅美丽动人的画面,供人们欣赏。苏州古典园林的基本形式为山水园,一般着重于山水,植物所占比重不大,但却是不可或缺的因素,它能单独形成优美的纯植物景观,也可作为配景来衬托建筑山石。园林中许多景观的形成都与植物有着直接或间接的联系,如:枇杷园、远香堂、玉兰堂、海棠春坞、留听阁、听雨轩等,都是以植物作为景观主题而命名的,有的是直接以植物素材为主题,有的则是借植物素材间接地抒发某种意境或情趣。其植物造景形式以不整形不对称的自然式布局为基本方式,手法不外乎直接模仿自然,或间接从传统的山水画中得到启示,植物的姿态和线条以苍劲与柔和相配合为多。具体配植上讲究入画,讲究细玩近赏;注重花木造型、色彩、香味及季相等特征;对个体的选择常选用兼顾神形之美的植株,以"古""奇""雅"为追求的对象;追求植物的意境美[2]。 2.种类的选择 苏州自然条件比较优越,可用于造园的种类很多,温带常见的树木、花卉和藤本在此均有种植,当地大型园林的植物都在百种之上,中小型园林植物种类少的有

英语精读下1-2-3-6-8-9翻译作业

英语精读下1-2-3-6-8-9翻译作业

Unit1 Ⅳ. Translation It is evident that many branches of applied science are practical extensions of purely theoretical or experimental work, thus the study of radioactivity began as a piece of pure research, but its results are now applied in a great number of different ways—in cancer treatment in medicine, the development of fertilizers in agriculture, the study of metal fatigue in engineering, in methods of estimating the ages of objects in anthropology and geology, etc. A.另一方面,应用科学直接涉及将纯科学的有效定律(即理论科学——译注) 应用于生活实践,应用于人对自身环境的控制,从而导致新技术、新工艺、以及新机器设备的发展。像这样一些活动,如研究材料的强度和用途,将纯数学的研究结果扩大用于改进农业或社会科学采用的抽样过程,以及发掘原子能的种种潜力,这些都是应用科学家,即技术专家的工作的事例。显然,许多应用科学实际上都是由纯理论和实验工作发展而来的。例如,对放射性的研究开始时是作为一项纯理论来研究的。但是其成果现在则应用于很多不同方面:在医学中治疗癌,在农业中研制化肥,在工程学中研究金属疲劳,在人类学和地质学中估算研究对象的年龄等等。 B. 1. 超级市场连同消费者都遭到了通货膨胀的沉重打击。 2. 这座金属塔的用途是把电视信号传送到边远的山村。 3. 他14 岁时第一次以钢琴家身份登台表演。 4. 不管凭什么借口,外人都不得入内。 5. 谎言再多也无法掩盖事实。 6. 教学改革以来,我们学校的学科发展得到了进一步加强,整体学科布局得到了进一步优化。学科的整合促进了多学科间的相互影响。我们还建立了一些跨学科组织。在此基础上,我们学校建立和改建了许多科研和技术转让的平台,为多学科和跨学科的发展和研究提供了更有利的条件。 B. 1. Supermarkets along with customers have been hard hit by inflation. 2. This metal tower is used to relay television signals to distant mountainous villages. 3. He made his debut as a pianist at the age of 1 4. 4. Upon no pretext whatever may any outsider gain admission. 5. No amount of lies can conceal (cover up) the facts. 6. Since the educational reform, the discipline development in our university has been further strengthened and overall discipline arrangement optimized. The integration of disciplines has promoted the multi-discipline interaction. Several new cross-disciplinary groups have been set up. On this basis, our university has established and improved a number of scientific platforms for research and technology transfer, thus providing more favorable conditions for multi-disciplinary or cross-disciplinary development and research. Unit2 Ⅳ. Translation (English to Chinese)

英语翻译作业

AC500kV Substation Design In China Transmission and Substation Department,CPECC Abstract:Some brief informations about AC500kV substations in China,historical data of their design and essential design principles are presented in this paper.Some technical and engineering problems of AC500kV substation design and construction are discussed.It is emphasized to introduce the500kV substation scales,main electrical connections,selection of equipment and apparatus,insulation coordination,distribution switchyard,control and protection etc.Here we also discuss the policy of project cost control at present time and a prospective view of China AC substations in future. 1.Introduction The research and design of500kV substations in China were started in1977,and the first substation was put into operation in1981.From that time,because of the rapid development of electricity demand in China,design and construction of500kV substations have a great development.Especially in recent years,due to the increase of capital investment for power system construction from the State Government,500kV power system has developed even faster.Till1998about55substations(500kV)were already put into operation,in which217transformers were installed,and the total capacity reached60410 MVA.At present,there are30substations(total capacity26500MVA)under construction.In addition,it has been planned to construction/extends30substations(33transformers,24750 MVA)in accordance with the power delivery from Three Gorges Power Plant. A complete design system of AC500kV substation in China has been gradually established based on the past design and construction experiences and the use of new technologies.This system includes design procedures,design standards,rules and regulations, design management and so on. The essential design principles are safe and reliable,technically advanced,economical and reasonable,and good quality. 2.Size of Substations China is a developing country with broad territory.The economic development is very different from one region to another.In accordance with this fact,the500kV substation size is different at different time and for different region.

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