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Remarks by President Bush at Tsinghua University

Remarks by President Bush at Tsinghua University
Remarks by President Bush at Tsinghua University

Remarks by President Bush at Tsinghua University

Feb. 22, 2002 /10:35 A.M. (Local)

PRESIDENT BUSH: Vice President Hu, thank you very much for your kind and generous remarks. Thank you for welcoming me and my wife, Laura, here. (Applause.) I see she's keeping pretty good company, with the Secretary of State, Colin Powell. It's good to see you, Mr. Secretary. (Applause.) And I see my National Security Advisor, Ms. Condoleezza Rice, who at one time was the provost at Stanford University. So she's comfortable on university campuses such as this. Thank you for being here, Condi. (Applause.)

I'm so grateful for the hospitality, and honored for the reception at one of China's, and the world's, great universities.

This university was founded, interestingly enough, with the support of my country, to further ties between our two nations. I know how important this place is to your Vice President. He not only received his degree here, but more importantly, he met his gracious wife here. (Laughter.)

I want to thank the students for giving me the chance to meet with you, the chance to talk a little bit about my country and answer some of your questions. The standards and reputation of this university are known around the world, and I know what an achievement it is to be here. So, congratulations. (Applause.) I don't know if you know this or not, but my wife and I have two daughters who are in college, just like you. One goes to the University of Texas. One goes to Yale. They're twins. And we are proud of our daughters, just like I'm sure your parents are proud of you.

My visit to China comes on an important anniversary, as the Vice President mentioned. Thirty years ago this week, an American President arrived in China on a trip designed to end decades of estrangement and confront centuries of suspicion. President Richard Nixon showed the world that two vastly different governments could meet on the grounds of common interest, in the spirit of mutual respect. As they left the airport that day, Premier Zhou Enlai said this to President Nixon: "Your

handshake came over the vastest ocean in the world -- 25 years of no communication."

During the 30 years since, America and China have exchanged many handshakes of friendship and commerce. And as we have had more contact with each other, the citizens of both countries have gradually learned more about each other. And that's important. Once America knew China only by its history as a great and enduring civilization. Today, we see a China that is still defined by noble traditions of family, scholarship, and honor. And we see a China that is becoming one of the most dynamic and creative societies in the world -- as demonstrated by the knowledge and potential right here in this room. China is on a rising path, and America welcomes the emergence of a strong and peaceful and prosperous China. (Applause.) As America learns more about China, I am concerned that the Chinese people do not always see a clear picture of my country. This happens for many reasons, and some of them of our own making. Our movies and television shows often do not portray the values of the real America I know. Our successful businesses show a strength of American commerce, but our spirit, community spirit, and contributions to each other are not always visible as monetary success.

Some of the erroneous pictures of America are painted by others. My friend, the Ambassador to China, tells me some Chinese textbooks talk of Americans of "bullying the weak and repressing the poor." Another Chinese textbook, published just last year, teaches that special agents of the FBI are used to "repress the working people." Now, neither of these is true -- and while the words may be leftovers from a previous era, they are misleading and they're harmful.

In fact, Americans feel a special responsibility for the weak and the poor. Our government spends billions of dollars to provide health care and food and housing for those who cannot help themselves -- and even more important, many of our citizens contribute their own money and time to help those in need. American compassion also stretches way beyond our borders. We're the number one provider of humanitarian aid to people in need throughout the world. And as for the men and women of the FBI and law enforcement, they're working people; they, themselves, are working people who

devote their lives to fighting crime and corruption.

My country certainly has its share of problems, no question about that. And we have our faults. Like most nations we're on a long journey toward achieving our own ideals of equality and justice. Yet there's a reason our nation shines as a beacon of hope and opportunity, a reason many throughout the world dream of coming to America. It's because we're a free nation, where men and women have the opportunity to achieve their dreams. No matter your background or your circumstance of birth, in America you can get a good education, you can start your own business, you can raise a family, you can worship freely, and help elect the leaders of your community and your country. You can support the policies of our government, or you're free to openly disagree with them. Those who fear freedom sometimes argue it could lead to chaos, but it does not, because freedom means more than every man for himself.

Liberty gives our citizens many rights, yet expects them to exercise important responsibilities. Our liberty is given direction and purpose by moral character, shaped in strong families, strong communities, and strong religious institutions, and overseen by a strong and fair legal system.

My country's greatest symbol to the world is the Statue of Liberty, and it was designed by special care. I don't know if you've ever seen the Statue of Liberty, but if you look closely, she's holding not one object, but two. In one hand is the familiar torch we call the "light of liberty." And in the other hand is a book of law.

We're a nation of laws. Our courts are honest and they are independent. The President -- me -- I can't tell the courts how to rule, and neither can any other member of the executive or legislative branch of government. Under our law, everyone stands equal. No one is above the law, and no one is beneath it.

All political power in America is limited and it is temporary, and only given by the free vote of the people. We have a Constitution, now two centuries old, which limits and balances the power of the three branches of our government, the judicial branch, the legislative branch, and the executive branch, of which I'm a part.

Many of the values that guide our life in America are first shaped in our families, just as they are in your country. American moms and dads love their children and

work hard and sacrifice for them, because we believe life can always be better for the next generation. In our families, we find love and learn responsibility and character.

And many Americans voluntarily devote part of their lives to serving other people. An amazing number -- nearly half of all adults in America -- volunteer time every week to make their communities better by mentoring children, or by visiting the sick, or caring for the elderly, or helping with thousands of other needs and causes. This is one of the great strengths of my country. People take responsibility for helping others, without being told, motivated by their good hearts and often by their faith.

America is a nation guided by faith. Someone once called us "a nation with the soul of a church." This may interest you -- 95 percent of Americans say they believe in God, and I'm one of them.

When I met President Jiang Zemin in Shanghai a few months ago, I had the honor of sharing with him how faith changed my life and how faith contributes to the life of my country. Faith points to a moral law beyond man's law, and calls us to duties higher than material gain. Freedom of religion is not something to be feared, it's to be welcomed, because faith gives us a moral core and teaches us to hold ourselves to high standards, to love and to serve others, and to live responsible lives.

If you travel across America -- and I hope you do some day if you haven't been there -- you will find people of many different ethic backgrounds and many different faiths. We're a varied nation. We're home to 2.3 million Americans of Chinese ancestry, who can be found working in the offices of our corporations, or in the Cabinet of the President of the United States, or skating for the America Olympic team. Every immigrant, by taking an oath of allegiance to our country, becomes just as just as American as the President. America shows that a society can be vast and it can be varied, yet still one country, commanding the allegiance and love of its people.

And all these qualities of America were widely on display on a single day, September the 11th, the day when terrorists, murderers, attacked my nation. American policemen and firefighters, by the hundreds, ran into burning towers in desperation to save their fellow citizens. V olunteers came from everywhere to help with rescue efforts. Americans donated blood and gave money to help the families of victims.

America had prayer services all over our country, and people raised flags to show their pride and unity. And you need to know, none of this was ordered by the government; it happened spontaneously, by the initiative of free people.

Life in America shows that liberty, paired with law is not to be feared. In a free society, diversity is not disorder. Debate is not strife. And dissent is not revolution. A free society trusts its citizens to seek greatness in themselves and their country.

It was my honor to visit China in 1975 -- some of you weren't even born then. It shows how old I am. (Laughter.) And a lot has changed in your country since then. China has made amazing progress -- in openness and enterprise and economic freedom. And this progress previews China’s great potential.

China has joined the World Trade Organization, and as you live up to its obligations, they inevitably will bring changes to China's legal system. A modern China will have a consistent rule of law to govern commerce and secure the rights of its people. The new China your generation is building will need the profound wisdom of your traditions. The lure of materialism challenges our society -- challenges society in our country, and in many successful countries. Your ancient ethic of personal and family responsibility will serve you well.

Behind China's economic success today are talented, brilliant and energetic people. In the near future, those same men and women will play a full and active role in your government. This university is not simply turning out specialists, it is preparing citizens. And citizens are not spectators in the affairs of their country. They are participants in its future.

Change is coming. China is already having secret ballot and competitive elections at the local level. Nearly 20 years ago, a great Chinese leader, Deng Xiaoping, said this -- I want you to hear his words. He said that China would eventually expand democratic elections all the way to the national level. I look forward to that day.

Tens of millions of Chinese today are relearning Buddhist, Taoist, and local religious traditions, or practicing Christianity, Islam, and other faiths. Regardless of where or how these believers worship, they're no threat to public order; in fact, they

make good citizens. For centuries, this country has had a tradition of religious tolerance. My prayer is that all persecution will end, so that all in China are free to gather and worship as they wish.

All these changes will lead to a stronger, more confident China -- a China that can astonish and enrich the world, a China that your generation will help create. This is one of the most exciting times in the history of your country, a time when even the grandest hopes seem within your reach.

My nation offers you our respect and our friendship. Six years from now, athletes from America and around the world will come to your country for the Olympic Games. And I'm confident they will find a China that is becoming a da guo, a leading nation, at peace with its people and at peace with the world.

Thank you for letting me come. (Applause.)

Q Mr. President, yesterday I watched the press conference made by you and President Jiang Zemin. At the conference, you didn't clearly answer a question, which is a concern by almost everybody. It's why the TMD system will cover Taiwan. And what's more, whenever you talk about the Taiwan issue, you always use a phrase just like, peaceful settlement. You never use the phrase, peaceful reunification. What's the difference and why?

PRESIDENT BUSH: Thank you, very good question. (Applause.) First of all, I want to compliment you on your English. Very good.

The first thing that is important on the Taiwan issue is that my government hopes there is a peaceful, as I said, dialogue, that there is a settlement to this issue. But it must be done in a peaceful way. That's why I keep emphasizing peaceful. And, by the way, "peaceful" is a word intended for both parties, that neither party should provoke that -- go ahead, I'm sorry.

THE INTERPRETER: First of all -- sorry.

PRESIDENT BUSH: She's correcting my English. (Laughter.)

THE INTERPRETER: I'm sorry, Mr. President. (Continues in Chinese.)

PRESIDENT BUSH: We've had many discussions with your leaders, and I've reiterated support for the one China policy. It's been my government's policy for a

long period of time, and I haven't changed it. (Applause.)

I also, in your question about missile defenses, have made it clear that our nation will develop defenses to help our friends, our allies, and others around the world protect ourselves from rogue nations that have the -- that are trying to develop weapons of mass destruction. To me, that is essential for peace in the world. We have yet to develop a system, and therefore, that's exactly what I said yesterday. And it's the truth. But we're in the process of seeing if we can't develop a system. And I think it will bring more stability to the world than less.

And let me just say one general comment that's very important for you to know. And it's also important for the people of my country to know -- that my administration is committed to peacefully resolving issues around the world. We want the issues resolved in a peaceful manner.

And we've got a lot of issues that we deal with. We're dealing in the Middle East. And if you follow the news, it's a very dangerous period of time there. We're working hard to bring peaceful resolution there. We're working hard to bring a peaceful resolution to Kashmir, which is important for China. And I recently went to Korea and I made it very clear that we want to resolve the issues on the Korean Peninsula in a peaceful way.

Another question, please?

Q I'll repeat my question in English.

THE PRESIDENT: Thank you.

Q It's a pity you still haven't given us -- sorry -- give us a clear question about whether you always use the peaceful settlement. You have never said "peaceful reunification." It's a pity.

PRESIDENT BUSH: We're back on Taiwan again -- (laughter) -- go ahead.

Q This is a question our Chinese people are extremely concerned about.

PRESIDENT BUSH: Yes, I know.

Q Three days ago, during your speech in the Japanese Parliament, you said, the United States will still remember its commitment to Taiwan.

PRESIDENT BUSH: Right.

Q But my question is, does the U.S. still remember its commitment to 1.3 billion Chinese people? (Applause.) Abiding by the three Joint Communiques and three notes. Thank you.

PRESIDENT BUSH: Thank you very much. As I said, this seems to be a topic on people's mind, obviously. I can't say it any more clearly, that I am anxious that there be a peaceful resolution that's going to require both parties to come to a solution. And that's what I mean by peaceful dialogue. And I hope it happens in my lifetime and I hope it happens in yours. It will make a -- it will be an important milestone.

And, secondly, when my country makes an agreement, we stick with it. And there is called the Taiwan Relations Act, and I honor that act, which says we will help Taiwan defend herself if provoked. But we've also sent the same message that there should be no provocation by either party for a peaceful dialogue.

Next question. Yes, ma'am. That's not a ma'am; that's a male. Sorry. Actually, I said, yes, ma'am, but –

Q Now, please let me repeat my question in English. Mr. President, I'm a student coming from the School of Economics and Management in Tsinghua University. As we can see, China and the United States have a bright future in scientific and cultural exchanges. Now -- just now, you have made warm remarks about our universities. So my question is, if possible, do you -- will you be happy to encourage your daughters to study in our university? Thank you. (Applause.)

PRESIDENT BUSH: I'm afraid they don't listen to me anymore. (Laughter.) If you know what I mean. Let me -- first of all, I hope they do come here. It is an amazing country. You know, as I said, I was here in 1975. It is hard for me to describe the difference. It is an amazing transformation. I first saw that in Shanghai, earlier this fall -- or last fall.

They would benefit from coming here, as would a lot of other United States students. I think our student exchange program is very important. I think our nation must be welcoming to Chinese students who would like to go study in America. I think that would benefit the students, but, as importantly, it would benefit American students.

It's so important for people to realize in both our countries that we're dealing with human beings that have got desires and loves and frustrations. Even old citizens like me and the Vice President -- (laughter.)

THE INTERPRETER: I'm sorry, sir?

PRESIDENT BUSH: Even old citizens like me and the Vice President -- (laughter) -- can benefit by spending time getting to know each other. Obviously, there are some issues in our relationship that we don't see 100 percent -- don't have a 100 percent agreement on. But it is so much better to discuss these issues after you get to know a person, as a person.

We're human beings, first and foremost. There are just some important characteristics that are real. And, you know, I talked about my families in my speech. Family is just such an important, integral part of any society. And China has got a grand history of honoring family that is an important tradition, an important part of your culture. And I hope my country, as well, has a -- is known for a strong tradition of family. That's a concept that is not owned by a particular country; it is universal. And when students get to know each other, they learn the universality of many values. And that's going to be important for peace in the world.

Another question?

Q Please let me translate my question in English. Mr. President, I'm a student from Center for International Communication Studies. Younger Bush Neil Bush visited our university just before last Christmas, and he mentioned that there are many Americans, especially politicians, have a lot of misunderstandings about China. So just like -- just as our Vice President Hu Jintao and you mentioned, you all want to make efforts to promote the Sino-American relationship to go ahead smoothly. So my question is, being the President of the United States, what will it take -- some action to promote the contacts and exchanges between the two countries, between the peoples at all different levels? Thank you.

PRESIDENT BUSH: Well, thank you, that's a very good question.

Q Thank you.

PRESIDENT BUSH: Well, first of all, my trip here and my discussion here helps

promote -- (applause) -- people in my country are paying attention to my visit here. And it should interest you that I was here in the fall and I'm back here again in the winter -- twice, in a very brief period of time. That should say something about the importance of our relationships.

It's important for our political leaders to come to China. And I know many have, and more ought to come. It's important for the rhetoric, when we describe what we've seen to be accurate and real. And when I go back home, I describe a great nation, a nation that has not only got a great history, but an unbelievably exciting future.

Many people in my country are very interested in China, and many come, as you know. They come to not only see the beautiful countryside, but they come to learn more about the culture and the people. And we've got to continue to encourage travel between both our countries. (gap in feed --)

In 1975, everybody wore the same clothes. Now, people pick their own clothes. Just look here on the front row, everybody's dressed differently. Because you thought, this is what you wanted. You made the decision to wear a beautiful red sweater. And when you made that decision, somebody made it.

And, in other words, the person, the individual, the demand for a product influences the production, as opposed to the other way around. Recognizing the desires of the individual in the marketplace is part of a free society. It is a part of the definition of freedom. And I see that as the most significant change that I can see, besides the new buildings and all the construction.

But the most important thing is the human dimension of freeing people to decide for themselves. And with that freedom comes other freedoms. So you can understand why the transformation from my memory of 1975 to today is significant. I mean, it is an amazing change -- for the better, I might add.

I'll answer one more question, then I've got to go have lunch with your President. (Laughter.) Yes, sir, in the blue.

Q Thank you, Mr. Bush. Thank you, Mr. President, for giving me the last chance to ask you a question. I have read your autobiography, and in it you wrote about some social problem in the U.S. today, just like the violence in campus and juvenile

delinquency, and such as the children in poverty. And we know -- a former schoolmate of our university, Tsinghua, and he studied in USA and was killed last year. And I feel so sad. And I know this kind of crime has become more and more serious in today U.S. As the President, do you have any good plan to improve the human rights today in the U.S.? Thank you.

PRESIDENT BUSH: Sure. Well, first of all, I'm proud to report that violent crime actually is going down. But any crime is too much crime. I mean, anytime somebody is violent toward their neighbor, it's too much violence. And there's no question, we've got people living in poverty. But, as I mentioned, our government is very generous in the amounts of money we spend trying to help people help themselves. When we all campaigned for office, one of the big debates is how best to help people help themselves.

Foreign policy is an important part of our campaigns, of course -- at least for President. But the American voter really is more focused on domestic politics, what's happening at home, as you can imagine. If the economy is soft, like ours is now, they want to know what's going to happen -- what are you doing about the economy? If the economy's good, then they don't talk much about the economy.

But always we talk about two key issues to address your problem. One is welfare; how do we structure a welfare system that helps people in need, and in my judgment, should not make them dependent upon their government. And the other big issue is education. It's always not only an important part of campaigns, but it's an important part of being -- once you're in office.

When I was the governor of Texas, I used to always say, an educated child is one less likely to commit a crime. As a governor, and now as President, I have spent a lot of time working with members of both political parties to develop an education plan that starts making sure children learn before they just get shuffled through the system.

One of the saddest facts about my country is that there are a significant number of fourth grade students who cannot read at grade level. Imagine a child who can't read in the fourth grade is a child that's not going to be able to read in the eighth grade. And if a child can't read in the eighth grade, it's likely that child's not going to be able

to read sufficiently when they get out of high school, and therefore won't be able to go to college. It's a shame in America that that's the case.

So as part of an education bill I managed to get through Congress last year, we've got a significant reading initiative, where we'll work with the states and the local jurisdictions to focus on an education program that emphasizes reading. This year I hope to work with my wife and others on a early childhood development program, so the youngsters get the building blocks to learn how to read.

I'm actually working my way to your question, I promise you. (Laughter.) Because education is the best anti-crime program. It's important to enforce law. It's important to hold people accountable for their actions. It is important to have consistent policy that says, if you harm somebody, there will be a punishment for that harm. But in the best interests for my country, the long-term solution is to make sure the education system works for everybody. And when that happens, there will be a more hopeful future for people, and there will be less poverty, less hopelessness, and less crime.

Listen, thank you for letting me come. God bless you all. (Applause.)

END 10:27 A.M. (Local)

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目录 Contents 一,项目需求概述 (2) 二、平台总体建议 (3) 2.1,协作通信系统平台设计要点 (3) 2.2,核心呼叫控制设备CUCM设计 (5) 2.3,即时消息,在线状态呈现设计 (10) 2.4,安全和QoS设计 (12) 2.4.1,语音加密和安全 (12) 2.4.2,QoS设计 (12) 2.5,带宽,流量 (13) 2.6,编号方案 (15) 三,功能 (16) 3.1,IP智能终端应用举例(可选) (16) 3.2、IM通信终端软件 (19) 3.3、分机移动服务 (21) 3.4,一号通(Mobile Connect),IP电话同移动电话/PSTN电话的绑定 (22) 3.5、统一消息服务(可选) (24) 3.6、手机上的软IP电话--Mobile 8.0 (27) 3.7、IT支持服务中心(可选) (28) 3.8、系统维护和管理 (32)

一,项目需求概述 ?为了保证现在和未来业务发展需要,建设融合语音和数据网络的全新通信平台成为通信建设的重点 ?新建的统一通信平台应具备支持交通系统未来三至五年业务发展的能力。 ?系统将覆盖全网各个办公机构。 ?新建的系统将采用纯IP交换方式,同时提供语音通信,视频通信,即时消息,状态呈现,一号通,等功能,未来可以简单地址局端增加设备就可以增加语音信箱、Web会议系统等增值应用平台。 ?新建的协作通信充分满足交通系统内部的语音通信、短波电台通信、卫星通讯、视频通信、即时消息、状态呈现、一号通,与现有语音通信、短波电台通信、卫星通讯、视频通信、外线互通的需求。 ?IT技术支援中心。 新协作通信系统平台 ?覆盖全网的IP电话终端。 ?将桌面电话系统同PC进行集成,实现方便的基于PC的呼叫发起和控制。 ?将桌面固定IP电话同移动终端(如手机)进行捆绑,实现一号通,实现更高效率的通信。 ?提供数字中继接入(提供PSTN电话接入和传真接入)。 ?在PC上的即时消息,状态呈现,IP软电话;即时消息软件对桌面硬IP电话的控制。 ?安装在手机上的IP软电话与桌面IP电话同号,在交通系统内部但不在桌面时可以用软电话拨打/接听电话。 ?建设可以将分支机构设在各个办公室的,统一接入号码的IT支援中心。这样既保证IT 支援中心的人员保证在各个分支机构都有现场人员;又保证统一接入号码,利于使用人员寻求IT技术支持;也有利于IT技术支援中心的人员资源共享,对不需要现场解决的问题,通过网络可以由异地的技术人员提供支持。 ?提供视频会议、语音会议的融合。 ?提供视频监控画面、PC界面与视频会议的融合。 ?提供短波电台(车载台和手持台)语音接入和融合。 ?提供卫星通讯数据的接入和融合(包括语音接口和网络音视频流媒体)。 ?可提供基于北斗系统的卫通短报文通讯功能。 IP智能终端同OA平台的结合 ?通过IP智能终端的屏幕,集成XML浏览和推送功能,将部分查询和通知功能延伸到每个智能IP终端上。 ?同内部OA和业务平台的进一步集成,针对不同的业务部门显示不同的相关数据和应

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云制造、物联网和多媒体业务的应用对制造园区网络的移动性、安全性、业务质量等方面也有了更高的要求; 网络复杂度的提升需要更加专业的规划部署和更加精细化的运维策略; 传统安全防护不可避免地成为网络安全防护薄弱环节,无法真正满足目前企业客户信息安全防护需求; 终端的多样化和应用场景的复杂化,制造企业网需要能实现随时随地、任何终端的方便接入; 制造企业网络需要承载关键业务的7×24小时不间断运营,可靠性要求高; 制造业企业网络需要建立高效和简洁的网络,避免冗余设备、链路带来的能耗;

制造业园区网络经常面临覆盖范围、区间、带宽、业务属性的调整,园区网络需要能够平滑地适应这些调整。 在“云制造”和“物联网”时代,为了助力制造业企业应对上述挑战,加速全球化和信息化运营改革,长期致力于企业统一网络解决方案的研究和开发,可以为用户提供端到端的制造业企业统一网络解决方案和服务,有效解决用户在制造业企业园区网络建设中遇到的各种难题。 方案概述 制造业统一互联解决方案为全IP承载的统一网络架构,在网络汇聚层将办公、安防、通

统一认证系统_设计方案

基础支撑平台

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一次登录认证、自由访问授权范围内的服务 单点登录的应用,减轻了用户记住各种账号和密码的负担。通过单点登录,用户可以跨域访问各种授权的资源,为用户提供更有效的、更友好的服务;一次性认证减少了用户认证信息网络传输的频率,降低了被盗的可能性,提高了系统的整体安全性。 同时,基于联盟化单点登录系统具有标准化、开放性、良好的扩展性等优点,部署方便快捷。 二、系统技术规范 单点登录平台是基于国际联盟Liberty规范(简称“LA”)的联盟化单点登录统一认证平台。 Liberty规范是国际170多家政府结构、IT公司、大学组成的国际联盟组织针对Web 单点登录的问题提供了一套公开的、统一的身份联盟框架,为客户释放了使用专用系统、不兼容而且不向后兼容的协议的包袱。通过使用统一而又公开的 Liberty 规范,客户不再需要为部署多种专用系统和支持多种协议的集成复杂度和高成本而伤脑筋。 Liberty规范的联盟化单点登录SSO(Single Sign On)系统有以下特点: (1). 可以将现有的多种Web应用系统联盟起来,同时保障系统的独立性,提供单点 登录服务;

银行统一门户解决方案

银行统一门户解决方案 2016年12月

修订历史记录

目录 一、概述 (4) 二、用户分类模型 (4) 2.1基于部门岗位树的角色模型 (4) 2.2 级别分层树模型 (5) 三、用户信息存储管理 (6) 3.1 用户信息存储分类 (6) 3.2 LDAP目录服务定义 (7) 3.3、LDAP目录的结构 (8) 3.4、LDAP目录的存储内容 (10) 四、用户身份认证 (11) 4.1、认证类型 (11) 4.2、用户身份密码验证 (12) 4.3、与CA认证接口 (14) 4.4、用户登录控制 (15) 五、分布式用户目录管理 (16) 5.1、分布式目录服务体系 (16) 5.2、目录复制 (17) 六、统一用户信息的方式分类 (17) 七、用户信息同步 (18) 八、用户生命周期管理 (20) 8.1、新建用户 (20) 8.2、密码修改 (21) 8.3、删除用户 (21)

一、概述 目录管理是为了方便用户访问组织机构内所有的授权资源和服务,简化用户管理,基于LDAP或基于数据库,对组织机构内中所有应用实行统一的用户信息的存储、认证和管理。 统一用户目录管理要遵循以下两个基本原则: ★统一性原则:实现对目前已知用户类型进行统一管理;对包括分支机构在内的整个组织机构内的所有用户进行用户目录复制和统一管理;对门户的用户体系和各应用系统各自独立的用户体系进行统一管理;对新进员工/用户到员工/用户离开进行整个生命周期的管理。 ★可扩充性原则:能够适应对将来扩充子系统的用户进行管理。 二、用户分类模型 2.1基于部门岗位树的角色模型 基于部门岗位树的角色模型是组织机构内最常见的模型,提供了用户目录管理、目录复制、权限控制的多种属性。角色管理是用户权限管理的重要基础。基于部门岗位树的角色模型如下所示:

统一身份认证平台讲解-共38页知识分享

统一身份认证平台讲解-共38页

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7.1实施前准备工作 (16) 7.2认证计费系统安装 (16) 7.3实施割接前测试工作 (16) 7.4实施中割接、割接后测试工作 (17) 一.计费系统设计规划 XXXX技术学院整体用户规模设计容量为10000用户,同时在线用户规模为5000人,具有多个出口线路;网络特点呈现高带宽,高用户,多种接入方式使用人群,并且在未来还会以多种网络架构存在(有线,无线)。因此安全认证管理计费系统的设计要充分考虑系统性能满足出口带宽容量,同时也必须能满足复杂的接入模式,多种灵活的控制计费策略。 在充分满足IPv4用户的认证计费需求的前提下,设计要考虑对实现IPv6+IPv4双栈认证计费及日志采集等功能需求,同时还需要满足无线和有线认证的融合统一认证管理模式;目前学校已经使用一卡通系统,安全认证计费管理系统必须和一卡通系统实现对接,能支持未来的数字化校园,能够融合到统一身份认证平台。 有线网和无线网是实现账户统一,避免一个用户需要多账户登录有线网和无线网的情况,并可通过上网账户认证实现与校园门户系统、校园一卡通系统的平滑对接,实现用户账号的同步关联。 二.方案建设目标 针对目前学校对于用户认证计费系统的需求,通过安全认证网络管理计费系统,搭建一套包括用户接入、认证、计费及用户管理的综合平台,为校园网提供功能完善、可靠和高性能适合的宽带接入管理计费解

统一门户平台介绍功能

统一门户平台介绍 企业门户概述 一直以来企业门户的建设,都是企业信息化工作中重要的一环。它通过单点登陆、个性化设置等手段,解决了企业信息系统使用者对于系统使用复杂度高的问题,为企业信息系统的利用率提升,做出了不俗的贡献。随着企业自身管理和运营的进步,企业门户的内容也在发生变化。当前企业的运营和管理开展是以“沟通和协作”为核心的。传统的企业门户在解决个人对于企业信息系统使用的瓶颈的同时,并没有兼顾到企业用户在工作中存在的“沟通和协作”需求。 所以,当前企业门户平台须以企业的实际使用为出发点,将集成的个性化工作空间、沟通和协作工具进行整合,为企业用户创建一套即能满足使用者易用性要求,又能够满足使用者在工作中“沟通和协作”要求的集成的个性化协同工作空间。它的主要内容包括以下两个方面: 第一,企业门户平台能够提升企业信息系统的价值。企业的信息系统是为企业的实际使用服务的,其价值包含两个方面,一个方面是企业信息系统需求的实现;另一方面是企业信息系统的利用率。企业门户平台将企业信息系统的入口集成起来,提供单点登陆和个性化设置,用户可以在企业门户平台中完成所有的工作,大大降低了了企业信息系统使用的复杂度,增加了企业信息系统的利用率,提高了企业信息系统的价值。 第二,企业门户平台增加了“沟通和协作”内容。“沟通和协作”已经成为企业多信息系统时代不可忽视的因素。当企业信息化使用的使用需要穿梭于不同的信息系统时,“沟通和协作”要求就将得到突出,而传统的企业门户并没有关注这两点需求。企业门户平台提供沟通和协作的工具,在承袭传统企业门户功能的同时,给用户带来了各类沟通和协作的便利。 综合上述,企业门户平台是以企业实际协同使用为出发点,将传统的企业门户功能、沟通及协作工具进行整合,为企业创建一个集成的个性化的协作空

身份证管理系统









身份证管理系统


0908***


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年级专业
09 电子信息工程
无 同组人员
无 学 号
指导老师
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完成日期
2010
年 6

24

安徽师范大学物理与电子信息学院 College of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal Universi
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一、实践的目的和要求
加深对《C 语言》课程所学知识的理解,进一步巩固 C 语言语法规则。学会编制结构清 晰、风格良好、数据结构适当的C语言程序,从而具备解决综合性实际问题的能力。
二、实践内容
在熟练掌握 C 语言的基本知识:数据类型(整形、实型、字符型、指针、数组、结 构等) ;运算类型(算术运算、逻辑运算、自增自减运算、赋值运算等) ;程序结构(顺 序结构、判断选择结构、循环结构) ;大程序的功能分解方法(即函数的使用)等。进一 步掌握各种函数的应用,包括时间函数、绘图函数,以及文件的读写操作等。
三.问题描述:
用 C 语言编写程序,实现添加,删除,查找等相关功能。
四.基本要求:
(1)具备添加、删除功能; (2)具备多种查询功能:按年龄、出生日期等; (3)具备统计功能,能统计某年龄段的人数; (4)在此基础上,可进行文件操作。
五.分析:
系统需求 一、 当前身份证信息:通过结构体 Person ID 来保存人的姓名,生日,民族,性别,地址, 身份证号等等相关信息,并且通过 input 函数来进行给当前身份初始信息输入. 二、 身份信息查询: 输入一个人名字, 在文件中查找此人, 若找到则输出此人的全部信息; 若找不到则输出查找失败的信息。 三、新信息插入 :通过 insert 实现添加功能,然后还可以按生日日期从小到大排序。 四、输出全部学生信息和全部学生成绩。 五、退出系统. 六、附加说明:系统将来完善的功能有:可以通过年龄来模糊查询,也可以通过姓名的 姓来先进行模糊查询,以便后面精确查找。 实际上未完成文件操作和根据年龄查询这两项功能, 所以这个程序的功能也相应大打 折扣,也是需要进一步改进的地方,尤其是文件操作,即对文件继续存储和读取.........
2

统一用户管理系统

1.详细需求 1.1 业务需求 统一用户管理平台是一个高性能、易管控的用户和权限数据集成平台,能够统一管理企业中各个信息系统的组织信息和用户信息,能够实现单点登录,简化用户的登录过程,同时提供集中便捷的身份管理、资源管理、安全认证和审计管理,能够实现各个系统的独立的权限注册,配置不同的业务域,独立的业务组织体系模型,并且对于不同权限级别的用户和管理员都有不同的系统功能和数据访问范畴,以满足用户对信息系统使用的方便性和安全管理的要求,最终实现异构系统的有机整合。在系统集成的过程中,借助其强大的系统管控能力,在实施过程中进行权限人员数据的规范化、数据同步自动化、系统访问可控化、权限管理统一化和监控审计可视化。 1.2 系统功能需求 1.2.1 统一用户管理 建立一套集中的用户信息库,利用同步接口提供的功能,把所有的系统用户进行统一存放,系统管理员在一个平台上统一管理用户在各个系统中的账号和密码。形成一套全局用户库,统一管理,作为企业内所有IT应用的用户源。在人员离职、岗位变动时,只需在管理中心一处更改,即可限制其访问权限,消除对后台系统非法访问的威胁。方便了用户管理,也防止过期的用户身份信息未及时删除带来的安全风险。系统支持分级授权。 1.2.2 用户身份认证 遵循W3C的业界标准,在单点登录系统的基础上,实现基于域管理的身份认证服务构件,自主开发的系统能够使用该服务进行认证,同时提供多种认证方式,能实现双因素认证。采用LDAP(轻量目录访问协议,一个开放的目录服务标准)来建构统一用户信息数据库。LDAP已成为未来身份认证和身份管理的标准,具有很好的互操作性和兼容性,基于LDAP可以搭建一个统一身份认证和管理框架,并提供开发接口给各应用系统,为应用系统的后续开发提供了统一身份认证平台和标准。实现多种身份认证方式,支持LDAP、JDBC、WebService、Radius、Openid等多种身份认证方式。

企业统一信息平台解决方案

企业统一信息平台解决方案 广告载入中... 行业: 电信 功能: 信息管理办公 供应商: IBM 方案正文: 广告载入中... 方案概述 了一个合适的模式,它通过集成企业的数据和应用,为企业信息化包括电子商务提供了一个跨越多种分散的、内部和外部的信息处理过程的系统结构。企业的竞争优势包含在现存的商业系统中。统一信息平台能够平衡这些系统、集成这些系统、并使它们适应电子商务的要求。 提高商业过程的效率 统一信息平台的重点在于集成化,它减少了完成整个商业过程所需的时间。如一个用于收集在线订单的网络订单输入系统,若无集成,在后台,订单仍然是由人工操作传送到发货系统的,目录清单系统也是由人工操作完成目录更新,并与库存情况保持一致。 通过实现一个集成的、具有门户功能的结构,你不仅可以进行在线订货,还可以更新目录并在线通知发货系统。因此,仓库中没有的项目将不会提供给客户。利用统一信息平台将不同的系统集成在一起,可大大提高效率并增加可控性。 支持新商业模式的灵活性 在线商业的涌入已经提出了适应和支持新的商业模式的需求,统一信息平台给你提供了在快速环境中支持新的商业模式的灵活性。 办公系统 建设企业统一信息平台,当然首先需要通过传统办公系统的建设,满足日常办公的需求。由于整个系统平台转型到B/S体系,以邮件、公告、收发文为核心的办公系统有了新的需求和其存在的意义。因此办公系统还应该有强大的扩展能力,为建立整个企业的统一信息平台打好基础。 传统的办公系统包括:日常办公、个人事务、电子邮件、企业文化、信息服务等功能子系统。统一信息平台 在系统建设中,所有外界对业务系统的沟通和访问都应该通过统一信息平台的服务器。这样做的好处如下:

统一通信平台解决方案

统一通信平台解决方案 一、问题 中小型企业所处的行业大多是市场竞争比较充分的行业,市场变化快,竞争激烈,因此,中小企业需要有较低的运行成本、灵活的经营手段以及快速的市场反应能力。但对于大多数中小型企业而言,成本控制、营销手段、反应能力都会受到企业通信系统的制约。 企业通信一般分为数据通信和语音通信,数据通信的应用主要包括Email、IM以及业务系统(如CRM、OA)等,通过IP网承载,如LAN、WAN等;语音通信一般建立在传统的PSTN网上,采用PBX交换机。 1、基于PSTN的语音通信具有较高的通信成本,且难以控制。 基于PSTN 的交换系统采用电路交换模式,但由于话路独占通信信道,使得通信具有较高的成本。据统计,处于高增长阶段的中小型企业,语音通信约占总通信量的70%左右,其通信成本平均约占企业总运营成本的40%,对于分支机构多而分散的企业,语音通信成本会更高,因此,中小型企业需要低成本的语音通信,特别是长途语音通信。 2、通信系统难以形成统一化管理。 基于PSTN 的交换系统虽然较高的稳定性,但由于系统结构的封闭性,使得电话用户很难有效地在通信终端对通信进行合理控制,从而使企业通信系统缺乏统一规划、难以形成统一的通信策略,如号码规范、话费控制等,管理的失控导致成本上升。因此,中小企业需要简单有效的手段对通信系统的高效掌控。 3、通信系统对企业业务支持较弱。 目前,基于数据业务的信息化应用在中小企业已经相当成熟,如Web、Email、CRM、OA等,得益于IP技术简单、开放、灵活的优势,这些应用支撑了企业的大部分业务,但在业务拓展、客户联系、技术服务等方面,企业用得最多的往往语音通信,由于现有的语音通信系统结构封闭、融合性差,很难与企业的业务系统实现互联互通,导致业务拓展自动化程度不高,为弥补传统通信系统的不足,企业往往需要增加大量的人力和物力,且效果不佳。 二、解决方案 深圳市东进通讯技术股份有限公司针对中小企业的业务需求,利用东进公司在语音交换和媒体处理的技术积淀,提出了一套中小企业融合通信系统解决方案,其功能结构如下图所示: 融合通信系统解决方案利用媒体处理技术,通过互联网将企业现有的TDM交换网和数据局域网结合起来,充分发挥不同网络的技术优势,在满足企业传统语音交换的基础上,形成统一化、智能化的企业通信应用,如长途智能路由、电话会议、网络传真、统一消息、语音信箱、呼叫转移等,帮助企业降低通信成本、提高通信管理能力、促进通信系统与业务的有机结合。 通过东进融合通信系统,能搭建一个开放的多媒体通信平台,平台连接企业的管理者、客户、员工及合作伙伴的业务或应用,将各种资源有机整合在企业的业务流程中,促进企业与客户及合作伙伴的有效交流和沟通,提高协作水平,降低企业运营成本。 三、东进企业融合通信软硬件平台介绍 东进企业通信系统由东进融合超媒体交换机、东进网关以及其他边缘设备组成(如下图所示)。 东进融合超媒体交换机完成同一网络或不同网络间的语音交换,主要包括媒体转换、信令解析、语音交换功能。东进融合超媒体交换机兼有IP电话服务器和V oIP媒体网关功能,可使各分支机构能通过广域网(W AN)实现舜思涞挠镆敉ㄐ牛绷覫P网和PSTN市话

4A(统一安全管理平台)解决方案

4A(统一安全管理平台)简介 企业信息门户系统供稿1、介绍 企业信息化软件,一般经历下面几个阶段:无纸化办公—信息共享—信息安全等三个阶段,随着企业承载应用的越来越多,对所有应用的统一访问、统一控制、统一授权的需求也随着出现,4A就是针对此类问题的综合解决方案。4A是指:认证Authentication、账号Account、授权Authorization、审计Audit,中文名称为统一安全管理平台解决方案。融合统一用户账号管理、统一认证管理、统一授权管理和统一安全审计四要素后的解决方案将涵盖单点登录(SSO)等安全功能,既能够为客户提供功能完善的、高安全级别的4A管理,也能够为用户提供符合萨班斯法案(SOX)要求的内控报表。 2、4A系统背景 随着信息技术的不断发展和信息化建设的不断进步,业务应用、办公系统、商务平台不断推出和投入运行,信息系统在企业的运营中全面渗透。电信行业、财政、税务、公安、金融、电力、石油、大中型企业和门户网站,使用数量众多的网络设备、服务器主机来提供基础网络服务、运行关键业务,提供电子商务、数据库应用、ERP和协同工作群件等服务。由于设备和服务器众多,系统管理员压力太大等因素,越权访问、误操作、滥用、恶意破坏等情况时有发生,这严重影响企业的经济运行效能,并对企业声誉造成重大影响。另外黑客的恶意访问也有可能获取系统权限,闯入部门或企业内部网络,造成不可估量的损失。如何提高系统运维管理水平,跟踪服务器上用户的操作行为,防止黑客的入侵和破坏,提供控制和审计依据,降低运维成本,满足相关标准要求,越来越成为企业关心的问题。

3、4A平台的管理功能 为用户提供统一集中的帐号管理,支持管理的资源包括主流的操作系统、网络设备和应用系统;不仅能够实现被管理资源帐号的创建、删除及同步等帐号管理生命周期所包含的基本功能,而且也可以通过平台进行帐号密码策略,密码强度、生存周期的设定。 2)集中认证(authentication)管理 可以根据用户应用的实际需要,为用户提供不同强度的认证方式,既可以保持原有的静态口令方式,又可以提供具有双因子认证方式的高强度认证(一次性口令、数字证书、动态口令),而且还能够集成现有其它如生物特征等新型的认证方式。不仅可以实现用户认证的统一管理,并且能够为用户提供统一的认证门户,实现企业信息资源访问的单点登录。 3)集中权限(authorization)管理 可以对用户的资源访问权限进行集中控制。它既可以实现对B/S、C/S应用系统资源的访问权限控制,也可以实现对数据库、主机及网络设备的操作的权限控制,资源控制类型既包括B/S的URL、C/S的功能模块,也包括数据库的数据、记录及主机、网络设备的操作命令、IP地址及端口。

统一身份认证与单点登录系统建设方案

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统一身份认证系统

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