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新标准大学英语综合教程4教师用书unit8

Unit 8

Active reading (1)

Reading and understanding

2 Choose the best summary of the passage.

1 The writer uses the Eiffel Tower as an example of a monument that has become a beloved symbol in

spite of being unpopular with some people at the time of its creation. Ironically, the Eiffel Tower was

not built with any greater aim than simply to be large and imposing, yet now it is seen as representing

the city of Paris.

3 Choose the best answer to the questions.

1 Why was the Eiffel Tower built so high?

(a) To prove that the French had the technical ability to construct such

a tower.

(b) To win a competition with the city of Washington, DC.

(d) To keep it from seeming too practical.

2 According to the passage, why were most of the great towers of the world built?

(a) To provide views of the land below.

(b) For religious reasons.

(d) As symbols of certain cities or countries.

3 Why did Guy de Maupassant frequently have lunch at the Eiffel Tower?

(a) Because he enjoyed the view from the top.

(b) To hide the fact that he did not like the Tower.

(d) Because he could not see the Tower if he was inside it.

4 Why did so many tourists visit the Eiffel Tower when it opened?

(a) To both look at it and to enjoy the view from it.

(b) Because it was an important symbol of the country.

(d) As a way to protest the negative opinions of the “effete class”.

5 Why did both Hitler and Algerian rebels want to destroy the Tower?

(a) Because the Tower also served military purposes.

(b) Because Resistance fighters used the Tower as a base.

(d) So their armies could not be seen by defenders.

6 Which of the following is NOT true of the Eiffel Tower today?

(a) It is frequently shown on tourist posters.

(b) It is the tallest structure in Paris.

(d) It is seen differently from how it was at first.

Dealing with unfamiliar words

4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.

1 to build something such as a statue or a bridge (erect)

2 very tall (lofty)

3 extremely large (gigantic)

4 relating to the period of European history between about the year 1000 AD and the year 1500 (medieval)

5 relating to the people who live in a town or city or the duties and responsibilities they have as citizens

(civic)

6 clear glass of very good quality (crystal)

5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.

The cathedral of N?tre Dame in Paris is one of the city’s most beautiful Gothic monuments. The site of

the cathedral is quite old, and in fact, some archaeologists believe that N?tre Dame was built on the site

of earlier churches and (1) medieval buildings. Maurice de Sully, Bishop of Paris, decided to (2) erect

the N?tre Dame cathedral because the city’s population was growing. It was the first truly (3) gigantic

cathedral to be built in France, large enough to both meet the city’s religious needs and to inspire (4) civic

pride in the beauty of its monuments. The cathedral took nearly 200 years to build, and is therefore a blend

of different architectural styles. The cathedral’s two (5) lofty towers are 69 metres high, and visitors who

climb to the top have a wonderful view out over the city of Paris. N?tre Dame is particularly famous for

its elaborate windows made from colourful stained glass that shines like (6) crystal in the sunlight, and the

intricate stone carvings that decorate the outside of the cathedral.

6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.

1 The architects promised to complete the tower spending no more than the allotted budget. (vowed)

2 The critic’s assessment of the painting rose above popular opinion. (transcended)

3 Thousands of visitors came to the opening of the new technology display. (exhibit)

4 Germany and France were enemies during World War II, but today coexist peacefully. (opponents)

5 A well-designed house combines both beauty and functionality and usefulness. (utility)

6 I felt irritated and offended when our visitors criticized the buildings in our town. (indignant)

7 Answer the questions about the words.

1 If there is an outburst of activity, do people (a) get very angry about something they are doing, or

(b) suddenly start doing something with a lot of feeling and energy?

2 Is a celebration of brotherhood an appreciation of (a) family ties, or

(b) humanity?

3 If someone is ostensibly wealthy, are they (a) extremely, or (b) apparently but not necessarily wealthy?

4 If an official extolled the benefits of a new law, would they (a) praise the law, or (b) say negative things

about it?

5 If your teacher gives you a difficult homework assignment and then relents, does it mean they (a)

change their mind and say you don’t have to do it, or (b) strongly insist that you complete it?

6 Is an effete group of people those who are (a) strong and wise, or (b) weak and lacking in character?

7 Is an initiator someone who (a) begins, or (b) ends something?

8 If something has been dismembered, has it been (a) taken apart, or (b) repaired and put back together?

9 If you hoist a flag, do you (a) fold it up and put it away, or (b) raise it up in the air on a flagpole?

10 If something is inconceivable, does that mean that it (a) cannot be completed, or (b) cannot be

imagined?

Active reading (2)

2 Look at the title of the passage and check (?) the meanings of the architecture you think the passage

will discuss.

√ function sorrow

√ usefulness √ power

√ pleasure √ beauty

fear love

satisfaction √ religion

The meaning of architecture

Reading and understanding

3 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.

1 The main idea of the passage is that (d) .

(a) most people disagree about the meaning of a particular building

(b) the function of a building is more important than its form

(d) architecture has a number of meanings beyond the practical function

2 The writer compares architecture to language to show that (c) .

(a) it is difficult to interpret

(b) its meaning changes over time

(d) critics and common people have different ideas

3 The main problem with the blocks of flats in Britain built in the 1960s and 1970s was that (b) .

(a) they weren’t lofty enough to be practical

(b) there weren’t enough community facilities and green spaces nearby

(d) the style was visually unattractive

4 The writer says that the Rockefeller Center (a) .

(a) communicates both human and spiritual power

(b) was so expensive to build that it is unique

(d) shows how man no longer needs to rely on religion

5 According to the writer, architecture gives us a vision of paradise on earth (a) or (d) .

(a) through churches, mosques, and monasteries

(b) through buildings that work together with the natural landscape

(d) by imitating and mimicking the natural surroundings

4 Match the buildings with the meanings they communicate.

1 (e)

2 (h)

3 (a)

4 (b)

5 (c)

6 (g)

7 (d)

8 (f)

Dealing with unfamiliar words

5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.

1 to suggest that something is likely to exist or be true (imply)

2 the fact of being a sensible or reasonable explanation or idea (logic)

3 the opportunity or freedom needed to do or develop something (scope)

4 to think very carefully about something for a long time (contemplate)

5 the situation of being successful and having a lot of money (prosperity)

6 comments that show you think something is wrong or bad (criticism)

7 the way in which the different parts of something are arranged (layout)

8 relating to the ability to think in an intelligent way and to understand things, especially difficult or

complicated ideas and subjects (intellectual)

6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.

The Bauhaus movement was a style of architecture popular in Germany in the early 20th century.

The Bauhaus school itself operated from 1919 to 1933, but its influence can still be seen today, as the

(1) scope of its influence affected architecture, art, graphic design, and interior design. The movement

emphasized a(n) (2) intellectual approach to design, emphasizing practicality and utility. It was felt that

form should not be separated from function. Architects used (3) logic instead of aesthetics to design

the most practical buildings they could. The most common (4) layout was square or rectangular, as

these shapes were considered the most efficient. Bauhaus members expressed strong (5) criticism of

earlier decorative, expressive architecture. Objects should be cheap and functional, and not restricted

by personal (6) prosperity. A major criticism of the Bauhaus school was that beauty is an important

“function” of architecture and art, and that humans need to (7) contemplate attractive, decorative objects

and surroundings in order to be happy, and are not, as the Bauhaus founders (8) implied, satisfied only by

practicality.

7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.

1 Designers of light, modern buildings view the heavy, ornate buildings of the past with contempt. (scorn)

2 Tall apartment buildings are often placed in city centres. (located)

3 Some people feel that modern society places great value on extreme speed and efficiency. (worships)

4 It was difficult to tightly squeeze all of my belongings into the small suitcase. (compress)

5 This apartment building is designed for middle- class workers with average, reasonable salaries.

(moderate)

6 Critics use both intellectual and artistic abilities when they judge architectural achievements. (faculties)

7 We assume that buildings will need to take energy efficiency into account in the near future. (presume)

8 One job of an engineer is to understand and translate the archit ect’s ideas. (interpret)

8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.

1 If something is idealistic, is it (a) practical, or (b) impractical?

2 Does suspension refer to (a) being hung from above, or (b) being supported from below?

3 If a painting does justice to someone, does it (a) reflect their looks accurately, or (b) make their looks

worse than they really do?

4 Is a breathtaking scenic view one that is (a) dangerous or frightening, or (b) very beautiful or

impressive?

5 Is a sumptuous dinner one that is (a) small and modest, or (b) large and elegant?

6 If something is described as having an extravagance of a particular quality, (a) is it too expensive, or (b)

does it use an extreme or unreasonable amount of something?

7 Is someone’s sentiment their (a) feelings or emotions, or (b) intellectual judgment?

8 Does the study of ethics involve the judgment of (a) what is beautiful, or (b) what is right or wrong?

9 If something is exquisite, is it (a) very beautiful, or (b) unusual or rare?

10 Does a mortal refer to (a) an ordinary person, or (b) a god?

Language in use

unpacking complex sentences

1 Rewrite the sentence from the passage The Eiffel Tower in the diagram below.

Bouguereau, the academic painter; Garnier, the architect of the Opéra; Dumas, Jr., the novelist; Gounod,

the composer; Leconte de Lisle, the poet; Prudhomme, the essayist; Guy de Maupassant, the novelist, all

signed a resounding letter of indignant protest to the Minister of Public Works in an attempt to stop “the

horror”.

Bourgereau Garnier Dumas, Jr. Gounod Leconte Prudhomme Guy de

de Lisle Maupassant

the the architect the the the poet the the

academic of the novelist composer essayist novelist

painter Opéra

2 Look at the sentences from the passage The Eiffel Tower and answer the questions.

1 Sir Joseph Paxton’s Crystal Palace not only served royally the Great Exhibition but, being demountable,

was transferred afterwards to Sydenham, where it was used for sculpture, painting and architectural

exhibits, and for concerts until November 1936, when it burned, a lost symbol of happiness and

brotherhood.

(a) What was transferred to Sydenham?

The Crystal Palace.

(b) Why was it possible for it to be transferred?

It was demountable.

It was used for sculpture, painting and architectural exhibits and concerts.

(d) What burned?

The Crystal Palace.

2 Monsieur Eiffel extolled its utility as a military lookout, the salubrity of the air at its top, its uses

as a laboratory to experiment with wind and gravity, but the innerspring to its construction was to

demonstrate that France, 100 years after the revolution, was a leader of the technical world, capable of

realizing the dream of a tower 300 meters high, almost 1,000 feet.

(a) What uses did Monsieur Eiffel praise the Tower for?

He extolled its utility as a military lookout, the salubrity of the air at its top and its uses as a

laboratory to experiment with wind and gravity.

all signed a

resounding letter

of indignant

protest to the

Minister of

Public Works

in an attempt to

stop “the horror”.

(b) What was his main motivation in constructing the Tower?

To demonstrate that France was a leader of the technical world.

Realizing the dream of a tower 300 meters high.

3 They went to look at the Tower as much as to look from it, to look inside, at its filigree of steel, as much

as to point out the other monuments of their city.

(a) What reasons did people have for visiting the Tower?

To look at and from the Tower.

(b) What could they look at inside the Tower?

Its steel framework.

By ascending it and getting a view of the city.

collocations

3 Complete the sentences with suitable expressions from the box. Sometimes more than one collocation

is possible.

1 Many people cannot make sense of architecture, in fact they find it abstract and confusing.

2 To be an architect, you need to acquire many practical skills as well as theoretical knowledge.

3 He said that his country will not remain indifferent to what is happening in the area and is deeply

concerned over the security situation there.

4 Despite the financial crisis, we remain confident that we can meet our long-term financial goals.

5 We are well aware of the adverse / harmful / negative effects on people’s health of working in a noisy

office.

6 The architects had a few problems with the builders but a common sense approach helped solve them.

7 They have the habit of setting aside some money each month towards buying

a new flat.

8 Aside from the Terminal 3 of Beijing Capital International Airport, what else has Norman Foster designed?

Additional Activity

Fill in the blanks using proper words from the collocation box.

1 The rude man. He just aside my request.

2 Where can we acquire further on these scholarships?

3 You are right in a , but equally you are wrong.

4 Some people find acquiring a foreign very difficult.

5 What has he written? I can’t any sense of it.

6 These are not small changes – they will surely have effects on the university.

7 She’s a fine teacher – she has certainly had a beneficial on some of the least cooperative

students.

8 Her expression remained . She either has no feelings or hides them very well.

9 In no of the word can you say I enjoyed that film.

10 that aside for a moment and help me with this.

Key: 1 brushed 2 information 3 sense 4 language 5 make

6 far-reaching

7 effect

8 unchanged

9 sense 10 Leave

4 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.

But architecture as a process and a means has other meanings. So much of architecture has the best

intention of creating pleasure or a sense of satisfaction, even if it doesn’t always succeed. It may be the

moderate pleasure of combining form with function. The shanty towns in Rio or Mumbai demonstrate an

organic architecture which has no overall layout or prescribed plan, and no obvious logic, but its function

is to protect and shelter the inhabitants who would otherwise live in discomfort on the streets.

Presumably, even the architects who designed the tower blocks of flats in the war-damaged cities of Britain

in the 1960s and 1970s aspired to combine the economy of space to the maximum effect and for the benefit

and pleasure of the people who were going to live there. There was nothing malign about their intentions,

even though they were overoptimistic about the simplicity of imposing a new relationship between the

space and the occupiers. In the end, it wasn’t the neo-brutalism of the style or the materials – square forms

made of reinforced concrete, often located with little or no regard to the environment, and rising 20 or 30

floors into the cloudy British skies –which brought criticism and scorn on this modernist architecture. It

was the absence of gardens, shops and a sense of community which challenged and finally defeated this

idealistic attempt to define a new way of living in cities.

然而，作为一种方法和手段，建筑艺术还有其他的意义。就算不一定能做到，那么多的建筑艺术还是

一心一意要给人创造愉悦或满足感。这种愉悦可能是形式和功能完美结合所带来的那种适度的愉悦。

里约热内卢和孟买的棚屋镇向我们展示了一种有机建筑，它们没有总体布局，没有既定的规划，也没

有什么明显的逻辑，但它们可以为居民遮风挡雨，为他们提供安身之所。如果没有这些棚屋，他们就

得露宿街头，过着颠沛流离的生活。

或许20世纪60、70年代那些为被战火摧残的英国城市设计公寓塔楼的建筑师们也想最大限度地节约空

间，同时保障入住居民的利益和愉悦。他们的愿望没什么不好的，但是他们过于乐观，以为可以简单

地在空间和居住者之间强行建立起一种新的关系。最终，让这种现代主义建筑备受批评和蔑视的并不

是风格和材料上的新野性主义——用强化混凝土浇铸的方形建筑，选址时几乎不顾及对环境的影响，

二、三十层拔地而起，直插英国阴云密布的天空。这种建筑没有花园，没有商店，没有社区感，正是

这一点使得那些建筑师重新定义都市生活的理想主义的尝试遭遇挑战，并最终彻底失败。

5 Translate the paragraphs into English.

新的国家博物馆建成之后，一些市民和建筑师对于在一群极其美丽精巧的古建筑中建造一座现代建筑

感到愤怒。其高昂的维护费用和古怪的形状也引发了大量的批评。显然，许多人对在这个古城中涌现

的时髦的现代建筑感到不舒服。不过，也有不少艺术家和市民觉得这些批评没有看到该建筑的美和艺

术上的成熟。

在一个公众日益崇拜西方技术和风格的时代里，这座建筑所引发的争论促使许多人开始思考这座城市

里古建筑的未来。古建筑复杂而奢华，大规模建造过于昂贵。而现代西方建筑常常很难跨越文化的障

碍。或许应该采取更为温和的方式，事先制定一个总体的规划，让古建筑得到妥善保护，让现代建

筑成为这个城市和谐的一部分。(indignant; exquisite; an outburst of; erect; do justice to; contemplate;

worship; extravagance; transcend; moderate)

When the new national museum was completed, some citizens and architects were indignant at the

appearance of a modern building amidst the most beautiful and exquisite ancient buildings of the city.

There was also an outburst of criticism of its high cost of maintenance and its strange shape. Obviously,

some people felt uncomfortable with such fashionable modern buildings being erected everywhere around

the city. But on the other hand, many artists and citizens believed that these criticisms failed to do justice

to the beauty and artistic maturity of the new museum.

The debate caused by this museum forces many people to contemplate the future of those ancient buildings

of the city in an age when the public increasingly worship the modern western technology and styles. With

their extravagance and complexity, it is costly to build ancient buildings on a large scale. At the same time,

beautiful modern buildings of western styles cannot always transcend the cultural barrier. Maybe a more

moderate approach should be adopted. A careful overall plan should be made beforehand to ensure that the

ancient buildings are properly preserved and the modern buildings become a harmonious part of the city.

Translation of the passages

Active reading (1)

埃菲尔铁塔——象征性建筑

19 世纪下半叶建筑学上出现了大量的结构创新，当时世界上最大的三个建筑物正是创新的产

物。用铁制结构建成的水晶宫，是专门为1851 年的伦敦世博会建造的，是当时占地面积最大的建筑。

1883 年竣工的全钢结构的布鲁克林大桥是当时跨度最大的桥。1887 年开工建造的埃菲尔铁塔，全钢

结构，是当时世界上最高的建筑物。前两个建筑物都有实际的用途。约瑟夫·帕克斯顿爵士设计的

水晶宫不仅在世博会上大展用途，因为是可拆卸的，在世博会之后它被移到西德纳姆，用来办雕塑、

绘画和建筑的展览，举办音乐会。1936 年11 月水晶宫毁于一场大火，它是一个失落了的代表幸福和

博爱的象征物。建造布鲁克林大桥是为了把纽约城的两个大区连接起来，此举反映了纽约市政府想要

提升布鲁克林区房地产价格的愿望。而埃菲尔铁塔的情况则不同。它是为1889 年的巴黎世博会建造的，

它的用途似乎也不过是让人们一睹巴黎的美景。埃菲尔先生极力赞美此塔的功用，认为它可用作军事

瞭望塔，在塔顶呼吸新鲜空气有益于健康，在塔上还可以进行风和重力方面的实

验。但建造埃菲尔铁

塔的真正内在动机是要向世界表明，在法国大革命200 年之后，法国的科技已处于世界领先地位，能

够实现建造300 米（差不多有1000 英尺）高巨塔的梦想。埃菲尔铁塔比当时的最高建筑华盛顿纪念

碑高一倍。但是不管建造它的动机是什么，从实用的角度来讲，这座塔本身在过去和现在都是“毫无

用处”的。

如果我们撇开撒拉森人在地中海沿岸建造的防御塔和中世纪法国、意大利在那些有城墙护卫的城

镇所建的类似的防御性塔楼不谈的话，古代其他所有的高塔几乎都是为了某种精神上的寄托而建的。

它们矗立在文艺复兴时代的教堂旁边，高耸于哥特式大教堂的尖顶之上，用钟声告诉信众祷告时间已

到。伊斯兰教的宣礼塔提醒穆斯林信徒按时做祷告，过去如此，现在依然如此。作为公民骄傲的标志，

塔也被建在市政厅的上方或旁边。如果它们可以用来预告外敌的入侵，或通知市民参加重大集会，那

就更好了。它们都非常高：200、300 英尺，或者更高，都是用石头、砖石或砖头建成的。

埃菲尔铁塔既没那么崇高也没那么实用。从一开始它就好像是一只巨大的云雀，一个铁制的玩具，

让巴黎人可以在上面欣赏他们城市的美景。按1889 年__________的价格，它的造价是150 万美元。当然它遭到

了法国传统美学捍卫者严厉的批评。学院派画家布格罗、加尼叶歌剧院的建筑师加尼叶、小说家小仲

马、作曲家古诺、诗人勒贡特·德列尔、散文家普吕多姆、小说家莫泊桑都在一封写给公共工程部

长的振振有词、义愤填膺的抗议信上签了名，试图要阻止“这个可怕的怪物”出现在巴黎。莫泊桑在

这件事情上从不妥协，他尽可能多地去埃菲尔铁塔上吃饭，这样他就可以眼不见心不烦了。他这么做

有他的道理，因为铁塔高高地傲然耸立在巴黎，除了在铁塔内的饭店里，你在任何地方都会看到它。

如果说铁塔对“颓废阶层”的代表人物来说是一种侮辱的话，普通民众对它可谓是一见钟情。在

建成后的第一年里，200 万人蜂拥而至竟相参观铁塔。其中超过半数的人登上了塔顶。在电梯向公众

开放之前，几千人爬了1671 级台阶登到了塔顶。即使在博览会结束之后很久，参观的人还是与日俱增。

慢慢但实实在在地，参观埃菲尔铁塔具有了新的意义。参观者不仅是去看埃菲尔铁塔，也是要从塔上

俯瞰整个巴黎；他们不仅要看它的内部结构，看它的钢架工艺，也要在塔上指出他们城市其他的名胜

古迹。它成了巴黎的象征，所有旅游者心中的圣地，参观它的人比参观巴黎圣母院和圣心教堂的人要

多得多。后来，它又莫名其妙地变成了法国的象征。法国的旅游宣传海报上除了它就没有别的东西。“新

一代”诗人、作家、画家、音乐家对它的形状、它的轻盈、不断扩大的重要性大唱赞歌。德劳内，这

位破碎视觉意象的先导者，以埃菲尔铁塔为主题创作了51 幅画作。他同时从上到下，从右到左描绘

这座铁塔。希特勒曾发誓要把它夷为平地。在第二次世界大战中，当纳粹的黑豹装甲师和美国的坦克

还在巴黎街头激战的时候，法国抵抗组织的战士把三色旗挂到了铁塔的顶部。阿尔及利亚的反叛者曾

计划用炸药把它炸毁，他们的对手，法国右翼军事组织也有类似的计划，但是他们都没能得逞。到了

那个时候，铁塔好像已经变成了一座巍然屹立的高山，过去不倒，将来也不会倒。没有它，巴黎就不

成其为巴黎。许多有实用价值的现代高塔、烟囱、天线、摩天大楼都比它高，但它还是塔中之王。我

们可以说在所有的人造建筑物中，没有一个能够像它那样超越了科技，成为一个伟大的人类象征。

Active reading (2)

建筑的意义

建筑艺术是介于设计和以某种形式组织空间（造一个建筑或是布置一个公园）之间的一个过程。

从这个意义上讲，建筑艺术可以被视作一种交流的媒介或者一种语言形式。并且和语言一样，它可

以是散文，也可以是诗歌。比如，建筑艺术的产物可以是一个简单的花园小屋，这个建筑物的功能可

以说就是满足遮风避雨和储藏物品的需要。即使存在着一些地方性的差异和不同的阐释（英国的花园

小棚和美国的休憩室是不一样的），建筑的语言是非常简单的，相对来说意义比较清晰。

但是，建筑艺术和语言一样，同样可以有深刻的含义。就像在一首诗里，不同的形式互相叠加，

在同一个空间互相重叠，这样它的意义就变得复杂而深刻。比如，我们看到西欧和中欧的哥特式大教

堂时都会惊叹不已，我们意识到那高耸入云的墙上一层又一层不同的图案、材料、形状和质地，充满

了丰富的意义，丰富得几乎让人目不暇接。这样的设计效果就是要让在地上的人抬头仰望穹顶，凝望

遥远的天空。

然而，作为一种方法和手段，建筑艺术还有其他的意义。就算不一定能做到，那么多的建筑艺术

还是一心一意要给人创造愉悦或满足感。这种愉悦可能是形式和功能完美结合所带来的那种适度的愉

悦。里约热内卢和孟买的棚屋镇向我们展示了一种有机建筑，它们没有总体布局，没有既定的规划，

也没有什么明显的逻辑，但它们可以为居民遮风挡雨，为他们提供安身之所。如果没有这些棚屋，他

们就得露宿街头，过着颠沛流离的生活。

或许20 世纪60、70 年代那些为被战火摧残的英国城市设计公寓塔楼的建筑师们也想最大限度地

节约空间，同时保障入住居民的利益和愉悦。他们的愿望没什么不好的，但是他们过于乐观，以为可

以简单地在空间和居住者之间强行建立起一种新的关系。最终，让这种现代主义建筑备受批评和蔑视

的并不是风格和材料上的新野性主义——用强化混凝土浇铸的方形建筑，选址时几乎不顾及对环境的

影响，二、三十层拔地而起，直插英国阴云密布的天空。这种建筑没有花园，没有商店，没有社区感，

正是这一点使得那些建筑师重新定义都市生活的理想主义的尝试遭遇挑战，并最终彻底失败。

但是当形式和功能以一种极其简单的方式被压缩到一个单一的空间时，就会激发我们的智能与审

美力。由诺曼·福斯特（北京首都机场三号航站楼的建筑师）设计的法国米洛大桥，是连接法国南

部和北部高速公路网中的最后一环。这个建筑物本身的壮美把另一种交流媒介——道路桥梁——变成

了一个旅游景点。大桥的悬索塔耸立在晨雾中，与天相接，见过的人无不为之动容。桥的语言很简单：

桥这个字翻译成其他各种语言是很容易的。但这是多么宏伟壮观的一座桥啊！语言无法确切地表达它

对观者所产生的震撼。

世界各地众多的人造建筑也是如此。圆顶冰屋——格陵兰岛上用冰雪建成的圆顶房屋——是世界

上最简单又最有独创性的建筑之一。它表明功能性建筑也可以美丽动人。与之相比，圣彼得堡的叶卡捷琳娜宫美得动人心魄，它完全是一个极其复杂的巴洛克式建筑，色彩斑斓华丽，气势宏伟，它所用

的建筑语言对任何一个受过教育的欧洲人来说都是一目了然的。

好的建筑艺术所产生的另外一个意义是力量。摩天大楼是现代社会的产物，它又一次把人们的视

线引向天空。工程技术上的进步和新材料的出现，如钢架结构、电力、钢筋混凝土、快速可靠的电梯，

使得人们可以挑战上帝对天空的绝对主导权。纽约的特色就是摩天大楼，而洛克菲勒中心是所有摩天

大楼的典范。洛克菲勒是美国最富有的人之一，他凭借自己雄厚的财力，盖起了第一个高层的城市综

合发展工程项目。洛克菲勒中心有办公室、商店、餐馆和酒吧，当然还有那个在电影中频繁出现的著

名的溜冰场。最为重要的是，洛克菲勒采用的是装饰派艺术和爵士时代的建筑语言，传达出那个时代

令人激动的情绪：只要你有强烈的愿望，没有什么事是做不成的。但是，让我们回到我们先前所做的

那个类比。在洛克菲勒中心入口的上方，可以看到伟大的建筑师——上帝——的画像，这意味着这个

高楼不只是推崇财富的场所，而且也是彰显伦理和道德的地方。

最后一点，建筑艺术可以告诉我们什么是人间天堂。在气势恢弘的内华达山脉的映衬下，西班牙

格拉纳达的阿尔汗布拉宫的花园、庭院和回廊让我们体会到了人造的建筑元素与大自然相得益彰的和

谐。圣凯瑟琳修道院位于埃及的西奈半岛，在这个摩西接过“十诫”的地方，我们可以回想神的律法

是如何从其创立者交到凡人手中的。在中国的山西省有个群山环绕的悬空寺，我们从中可以了解到建

筑如何突破重力的束缚，人类是如何依自然之道而生存的。

的确，建筑艺术是用来建屋盖楼的。但是它包含的范围比这要大得多，内容极其广泛。它本身就

是一种语言，一种交流方式，它所表达的不仅仅是它的形式和功能。只要你去阐释这种语言，你就可

以像读一本书那样去阅读它，像读散文或诗歌。当然我们都知道，这要求我们既要付出努力，还要有

学习的意愿。

大学英语综合教程1课后习题答案

Unit 1 Part Ⅱ Reading Task Vocabulary Ⅰ1. 1)respectable 2)agony 3)put down 4)sequence 5)hold back 6)distribute 7)off and on 8)vivid 9)associate 10)finally 11)turn in 12)tackle 2. 1)has been assigned to the newspaper’s Paris office. 2)was so extraordinary that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not. 3)a clear image of how she would look in twenty years’time. 4)gave the command the soldiers opened fire. 5)buying bikes we’ll keep turning them out. 3. 1)reputation; rigid; to inspire 2)and tedious; What’s more; out of date ideas 3)compose; career; avoid showing; hardly hold back Ⅱviolating Ⅲ;in upon Comprehensive Exercises ⅠCloze back; tedious; scanned; recall; vivid; off and on; turn out/in; career ; surprise; pulled; blowing; dressed; scene; extraordinary; image; turn; excitement ⅡTranslation As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to. 2)His girlfriend advised him to get out of /get rid of his bad habits of smoking before it took hold. 3)Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production. 4)It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. /Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. 5)It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. /The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. 2.Susan lost her legs because of/in a car accident. For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact she would never (be able to) walk again. One day, while scanning (through) some magazines, a true story caught her eye/she was attracted by a true story. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer. Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be able to lead a useful life. Unit 2 Part ⅡReading Task Vocabulary Ⅰ1. 1)absolutely 2)available 3)every now and then 4)are urging/urged 5)destination 6)mostly 7)hangs out 8)right away 9)reunion 10)or something 11)estimate 12)going ahead 2. 1)in the examination was still on his mind. 2)was completely choked up by the sight of his team losing in the final minutes of the game. 3)was so lost in study that she forgot to have dinner. 4)has come up and I am afraid I won’t be able to accomplish the project on time. 5)of equipping the new hospital was estimated at﹩2 million. 3. 1)were postponed; the awful; is estimated 2)reference; not available; am kind of 3)not much of a teacher; skips; go ahead Ⅱ;on Ⅲor less of/sort of 4. kind of/sort of 5. more or less 6. or something Comprehensive Exercises ⅠCloze up; awful; practically; neighborhood; correspondence; available; destination; reunion; Mostly; postponing; absolutely ; savings; embarrassment; phone; interrupted; touch; envelope; signed; message; needed ⅡHalf an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet. We had to walk home. 2)Mary looks as if she is very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by

新编大学英语综合教程1-unit4

Unit 4 Fresh Start In-Class Reading Fresh Start 新的开端 1当我父母开车离去，留下我可怜巴巴地站在停车场上时，我开始寻思我在校园里该做什么。我决定我最想做的就是平安无事地回到宿舍。我感到似乎校园里的每个人都在看着我。我打定主意：竖起耳朵，闭上嘴巴，但愿别人不知道我是新生。 2第二天早上我找到了上第一堂课的教室，大步走了进去。然而，进了教室，我又碰到了一个难题。坐哪儿呢？犹豫再三，我挑了第一排边上的一个座位。3“欢迎你们来听生物101 课，”教授开始上课。天哪，我还以为这里是文学课呢！我的脖子后面直冒冷汗，摸出课程表核对了一下教室——我走对了教室，却走错了教学楼。 4怎么办？上课途中就站起来走出去？教授会不会生气？大家肯定会盯着我看。算了吧。我还是稳坐在座位上，尽量使自己看起来和生物专业的学生一样认真。 5下了课我觉得有点饿，便赶忙去自助食堂。我往托盘里放了些三明治就朝座位走去，就在这时，我无意中踩到了一大滩番茄酱。手中的托盘倾斜了，我失去了平衡。就在我屁股着地的刹那间，我看见自己整个人生在眼前一闪而过，然后终止在大学上课的第一天。 6摔倒后的几秒钟里，我想要是没有人看见我刚才的窘相该有多好啊。但是，食堂里所有的学生都站了起来，鼓掌欢呼，我知道他们不仅看见了刚才的情景，而且下决心要我永远都不会忘掉这一幕。 7接下来的三天里，我独自品尝羞辱，用以果腹的也只是些从宿舍外的售货机上买来的垃圾食品。到了第四天，我感到自己极需补充一些真正意义上的食物。也许三天时间已经足以让校园里的人把我忘在脑后了。于是我去了食堂。 8我好不容易排队取了食物，踮脚走到一张桌子前坐下。突然我听到一阵熟悉的“哗啦”跌倒声。抬头看见一个可怜的家伙遭遇了和我一样的命运。当人们开始像对待我那样鼓掌欢呼的时候，我对他满怀同情。他站起身，咧嘴大笑，双手紧握高举在头顶上，做出胜利的姿势。我料想他会像我一样溜出食堂，可他却转身重新盛一盘食物。就在那一刻，我意识到我把自己看得太重了。

大学英语综合教程答案

3.Many products for sale seem to scream at us, "Buy me! Buy me!" Advertising is a big busin ess in our world with many products competing for our attention. Think of the last time you boug ht clothes. You probably noticed the variety of colors, patterns, fabrics and brands you could choo se from. Which kind of soft drink would you like to have today or what kind of computer do you want? Advertisers are skilled in the art of making their products look the best to appeal to our se nses. But products aren't always what they seem. Sometimes advertising is deceptive and as cons umers ,we must be careful about what we choose to buy. It is important to learn to compare prod ucts and identify our purpose in purchasing the things we need. But the good thing about advertising is that it helps people to make decisions and refine thei r choices. In the United States, the Ad Council creates timely public service messages to the nation. Th eir purpose is to raise awareness of public problems that citizens can respond to. Inspiring ads ca use individuals to take action and even save lives. Pollution in America, for example has been red uced over the years because of the creative Public Service advertisements that the council provid es" Please, please don't be a litter bug, 'cause every 'litter bit' hurts." Many families have taught t heir children to place litter in the trash can in response to this catchy phrase, which has affected g enerations as each succeeding generation has taught their children not to litter. 4.Nature imposes difficult conditions upon the earth from time to time . The tornado and fo rest fire destroy natural resources ,homes and other structures ,and very often harm or kill peopl e . Technological tragedies happen with little or no warning as we see trains crash and airplanes f all from the sky shortly after take-off. As tragic as calamities are , they seem to bring out the best in human nature . people trained in em ergency care arrive at the scene and begin assisting the inj ured .Others come with equipment to remove debris. Men , women ,and young people willingly c ome to the scene of an accident , hoping to be of help in some way . These selfless acts of kindne ss make our world a better place . compassion eases the wounds of calamities. American Airlines flight number 587 crashed less than three minutes after taking off from JF K Airport in New York in November,2001. Witnesses s aw an engine fire develop on the plane’s nu mber one engine located under the left wing of the aircraft .seconds later ,the airliner crashed int o eight homes ,completely destroying four of them .All 260 people aboard the airplane were kille d along with six people at the crash site ,leaving many people to mourn the loss of their loved on es .the residents (people who live in the area of the crash ) rallied together to comfort those griev ing, while others removed bodies from the wreckage and did the necessary clean-up. 工程实施困难的条件下在地上的时候。龙卷风和森林火灾破坏自然资源,房屋和其他建筑物,和经常伤害或杀死人。技术的悲剧发生在很少或没有预警,因为我们看到火车事故,飞机起飞后不久就从天空坠落。一样悲惨的灾难,他们似乎显示出人性中最好的。在急诊受训的人到达现场并开始帮助受伤的人则跟设备清除残骸。男人,女人,和年轻人自愿来到事故现场,希望能有帮助。这些无私的善举让我们的世界变得更美好。同情减轻灾害的伤口。美国航空公司587号航班坠毁不到三分钟后从纽约肯尼迪机场起飞,11月2001。目击者看到一个引擎火灾发展在飞机上的1号引擎位于下飞机的左翼,接着后,客机坠毁八家,完全摧毁了四个260名乘客的飞机遇难连同6人在事故现场,造成许多人悼念失去的亲人,居民(住在崩溃的面积)聚集在一起,安慰那些悲伤,而另一些人则从残骸,并把尸体移走必要的清理。 5.Success can be reached in different ways by people in different careers. Bill Gates began at age to program computers,His vision for personal computing has been central to the success of M icrosoft Corporation, the company he founded with his childhood friend in 1975 . The former CEO of General Electric, Jack Welch, is a business legend. A famous quote by Mr. Welch is,” Chang before you have to. ”He believes in leading by example and encourages his empl oyees to do their best every day. Michael Jordan s aid,”I accept failure, but I can’t accept not trying.” He is one of the best athl etes to ever play team sports. His great smile, athletic achievements, and pleasant personality ha ve made him one of the most famous athletes in the world. Michael Jordan spent a lot of time pla ying basketball as a child but in senior middle school he was taken off the team . Instead of giving up , he worked through adversity and became the greatest basketball player yet .

新编大学英语综合教程3第三版unit9music

1. Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate form of the word in brackets. 1. (attention) Correct answer inattention 2. (qualify) Correct answer qualified Correct answer Navigation 4. Correct answer participants 5. Correct answer unconscious 6. Correct answer competence 7. Correct answer inequalities 8. morning. (request) Correct answer

requested 9. Correct answer varied 10. Correct answer partners 2. Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate preposition or adverb. 11. Correct answer in 12. Correct answer of 13. Correct answer to 14. accident. Correct answer at 15. Correct answer beyond 16.

Your answer Correct answer from from 17. Your answer Correct answer to to 18. Your answer Correct answer on on 19. Your answer Correct answer in in Your answer Correct answer On On 3. Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the best answer from the choices given. 21. The buses, ___________ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. most of which B. both of which C. few of them D. those of which 22. There's only one man ____________ the job. A. qualified for

大学英语综合教程答案

Key to Exercises Opener Mary is thinking of getting a tattoo tomorrow afternoon. She asks Mel to join her, but Mel cannot because she has to work tomorrow. And then Mary invites Mel to go to a party tomorrow night. Mel hesitates at first, but finally decides to go with Mary. They will meet at eight o’clock. Abbreviation Meaning 1. TGIF Thank God it’s Friday 2. AMA Ask me anything 3. OMG Oh my God! 4. YOLO You only live once 5. FOMO Fear of missing out 6. FYI For your information 7. LOL Laugh out loud 8. TBH To be honest 9. PPL People 10. ETA Estimated time of arrival Transcript: A: Hey, Mary. B: Hey, Mel. A: TGIF.

B: TGIF. A: Mel, I need some advice on something. B: AMA A: Yeah, thanks. I’m thinking of getting a tattoo. B: OMG! Really Are you serious A: Well, YOLO. B: That’s true. A: Well. B: When are you going to do it A: I’m thinking tomorrow afternoon. Do you want to come B: Oh, I’d love to come, but I’ve got to work tomorrow. Oh, major FOMO. A: What a shame! B: Yeah, A: Well, FYI, there’s a party tomorrow night. And if you are not busy, you can come to that instead. B: I’m not busy, but TBH I really need to take it easy this weekend. A: What That’s so not like you. B: LOL, that’s true. A: Party is in Hackney Wick. It’s gonna be good, good music, good PPL. B: Oh, major FOMO again. Oh, what the hell Yes, why not I’ll go.

新编大学英语综合教程1-unit1

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Teaching Planning College English Integrated Course Book Three Unit Two The Freedom Givers Zhong wen 1.Background Information Teacher: zhong wen Students: 56 sophomores Content of the textbook: unit-2 text A the Freedom Givers Textbook: foreign language teaching and research press Time duration：10 minutes 2.Textbook Analysis The author tells three stories about the Underground Railroad and early Black civil rights movement. The three stories are chosen because they are representative of all participants in this movement: John Parke r is a freed slave who later turned into a courageous “conductor”; Levi Coffin is a brave white “conductor”; Josiah Henson is a slave who struggled his way to freedom with the help of the Underground Railroad. We learn about the name of Josiah Henson at the beginning of the text, yet his full story is not told until the last part. In this way the author achieves coherence of text. 3.Students Analysis The class is made up of 56 students, with 30 girls and 26 boys ,who have a good knowledge of Basic English, but know very little about the American culture behind the language. So in this introduction part, It is necessary to introduce some background information to the students before reading 4.Teaching Objectives Students will be able to: 1.understand the main idea(early civil-rights struggles in the US, esp. the underground Railroad) 2.grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text, 3.conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit 4.Appreciate the various techniques employed by the writer (comparison and contrast, topic sentence followed by detail sentences, use of transitional devices,etc.); 5.Teaching Procedures: Greetings Step 1 Lead-in T: Today we are going to talk about the ethic heroes in American history, before the class, I’d like to introduce the slavery to all of you. T: Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States, during his term of office; he led the civil war and abolished the slavery. T: In the battle against slavery, not only did the president try his best to abolish this system, but also the people, especially the black people living in the South America try hard to fight for their own feat. Today, we will introduce some freedom givers in the American history. Before

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大学英语综合教程一 Unit 1 Growing Up Part II Language Focus Vocabulary Ⅰ. 1.respectable 2.agony 3.put…down 4.sequence 5.hold back 6.distribute 7.off and on 8.vivid 9.associate 10.finally 11.turn in 12.tackle 2. 1.has been assigned to the newspaper’s Paris office. 2.was so extraordinary that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not.

3.a clear image of how she would look in twenty years’ time. 4.gave the command the soldiers opened fire. 5.buying bikes we’ll keep turning them out. 3. 1.reputation, rigid, to inspire 2.and tedious, What’s more, out of date ideas https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1b18174098.html,pose, career, avoid showing, hardly hold back Ⅱ. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1b18174098.html,posed 2.severe 3.agony 4.extraordinary 5.recall https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1b18174098.html,mand 7.was violating 8.anticipate Ⅲ. 1.at 2.for 3.of 4.with

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全新版大学英语综合教程第二版课后练习答案 This manuscript was revised on November 28, 2020

Unit1 Ways of Learning Vocabulary I 1. 1)insert 2)on occasion 3)investig ate 4)In retrospect 5)initial 6)phenomen a 7)attached 8)make up for 9)is awaiting 10)not; in the least 11)promote 12)emerged 2. 1)a striking contrast between the standards of living in the north of the country and the south. 2)is said to be superior to synthetic fiber. 3)as a financial center has evolved slowly. 4)is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer. 5)by a little-known sixteen-century Italian poet have found their way into some English magazines. 3. 1)be picked up; can’t accomplish; am exaggerating 2)somewhat; the performance; have neglected; they apply to 3)assist; On the other hand; are valid; a superior II 1)continual 2)continuous 3)continual 4)continuous 5)principal 6)principal 7)principle 8)principles 9)principal III herself by herself/on her own by yourself/on your own Comprehensive Exercises

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响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。 3 相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。 4能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。 5 如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无