2005年高考新题型填空题专项训练_5

2005年高考新题型填空题专项训练

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Passage 1

A man's skin is thicker than a woman's and not nearly as soft. The thickness prevents the sun's radiation from getting through, which is why men wrinkle less than women do. Women have a thin layer of fat just under the skin and there is a plus(有利因素)to this greater fat reserve. It acts as an invisible fur coat to keep a woman warmer in the winter. Women also stay cooler in summer. The fat layer helps insulate them against heat.

Men's fat is distributed differently. And they do not have that layer of it underneath their skin. In fact, they have considerably less fat than women and more lean mass. Forty-one percent of a man's body is muscle compared to thirty-five percent for women, which means men have more muscle power. When it comes to strength, almost 90 percent of a man's weight is strength compared to about 50 percent of a woman' weight.

The higher proportion of muscle to fat makes it easier for men to lose weight. Muscle burns up five more calories a pound than fat does just to maintain itself. So when a man goes on a diet, the pounds roll off much faster.

For all men's muscularity they do not have the energy reserves women do. They have more start-up energy, but the fat tucked away in women's nooks and crannies(隐匿处)provides a rich energy reserve that men lack.

Cardiologists(心脏病专家)at the University of Alabama who tested healthy women on treadmills(单调而又劳累的活)discovered that over years the female capacity for exercise far exceeds the male capacity. Awoman of sixty who is in good health can exercise up to 90 percent of what she could do when she was twenty. A man of sixty has only 60 percent left of his capacity as a twenty-year-old.

Question:

The title of the passage can be _____.

What makes men wrinkle less than women?_____.

The thin layer of fat under women's skin keep _____ in summer.

The proportion of muscle to fat explains why it is _____ for women to lose weight compared with men.

It is implied that the process of aging is _____ in a healthy woman.

Passage 2

Chronic disability is affecting people more frequently at

younger and younger age. According to the National Center for Health

Statistics, the percentage of children under 17 years of age who are limited in activity due to chronic conditions increased by 86% from 1967 to 1979.

Mental disease is affecting more and more people. The National Institute of Mental Health estimated in 1984 that one in every five Americans had a mental disorder. This same study revealed that, during a six-month period,8.3% of Americans suffered from an anxiety disorder,6.4% had an alcohol or drug problem, and 6% had a mood disorder.

In addition to these various trends, one of the more significant facts that will affect the future of health care is that a large percentage of the population will be over 65 years old. According to projections by the U.S. Bureau of the Census, the size of the American population over 65 in

1985 will have doubled by 2030.

Futurists generally assume that twenty-first century medicine will include new and more powerful drugs and various innovative technological interventions. However, futurists tend to ignore the serious problem presently arising from conventional medications. According to 1986 statistics, the average American receives 7.5 prescriptions a year. This is a particularly frightening number because we all know people who have not been prescribed any medications in the past year, which means that someone else is getting their 7.5 drugs.

Question:

1. Chronic disability has ______ among teenages.

2. Anxiety disorder, alcohol or drug problem are considered to be ______ disease.

3. According to the passage, futurists should ______ attention to the problems arising from conventional medications.

4. It can inferred from the statistics that a number of people have taken ______ than the average.

5. This passage ______ health problem.

Passage 3

Men cannot manufacture blood as efficiently as women can. This makes surgery riskier for men. Men also need more oxygen because they do not breathe as often as women. But men breathe more deeply and this exposes them to another risk. When the air is polluted, they draw more of it into their lungs.

A more recent---and chilling---finding is the effect of automobile and truck exhaust fumes on children's intelligence. These

exhaust fumes are the greatest source of lead pollution in cities. Researchers have found that the children with the highest concentration of lead in their bodies have the lowest scores on intelligence tests and that boys score lower than girls. It is possible that these low scores are connected to the deeper breathing that is typical of the male.

Men's bones are larger than women's and they are arranged somewhat differently. The feminine walk that evokes so many whistles is a matter of bone structure. Men have broader shoulders and a narrower pelvis, which enables them to stride out with no waste motion. A woman's wider pelvis, designed for child-bearing, forces her to put more movement into each step she takes with the result that she displays a bit of a jiggle and sway as she walks.

If you think a man is brave because he climbs a ladder to clean out of the roof gutters, don't forget that it is easier for him than for a woman. The angle at which a woman's thigh is joined to her knees makes

climbing awkward for her, no matter whether it is a ladder or stairs or a mountain that she is tackling.

Question:

1. A proper topic for this passage may be ______ .

2. Men suffer more from air pollution because they ______ .

3. What makes men's walking different from women's?

_______________________________________.

4. As far as body structures are concerned, ______ face more danger in climbing mountains.

5. How many differences between men and women are mentioned in this passage? ______ .

Passage 4

High school students who, after graduation, would like to

continue their education are frequently faced with many problems in financing college training. Free education is not so widespread at the college level as at the elementary and secondary school levels. There is usually a charge for tuition. In addition, for most students, going to college means living away from home, an expensive matter.

What, then, can be done by a student who finds that he must help to finance himself if he is to extend his education beyond high school? There are several possibilities. Scholarships are sometimes available. These are usually given partly on the basis of high grades. Therefore the day-to-day work in high school may be very important for determining one's chances of help from this source. Another source of help is the college loan fund, which is established for the purpose of providing loans to worthy students. A third plan is that of working one's way through school. Work may involve holding a part-time job outside the college. Sometimes it means assisting professors in laboratory work, library work, or office routine. Sometimes it means performing some services which the student body requires, such as helping in the preparation and serving of meals, working in college stores, and the like.

Question:

1. What is the passage mainly about?

2. According to paragraph 2, what kinds of students may receive some financial aids from college?

3. What must a student do in order to get a scholarship?

4. According to the passage, what are the problems in financing college training?

5. How to work one's way through school?

Passage 5

A television programme that does not come from a studio is known as an outside broadcast. There are three main kinds of outside broadcasts: those arranged by the television company (visits to a zoo, a theater and so on); those in which the cameras are taken to a special event (in this group we have all the sporting broadcasts, a royal wedding, important speeches); and thirdly, the movable transmissions which refer to the most outside broadcasts. They are not powerful enough to send a picture directly into our homes.

As in studio transmissions, several cameras are normally used for an outside broadcast. One camera is probably arranged so that it takes in the whole scene and shows the complete field of action. Unfortunately, because our television screens are rather small, this often mean that individual details are not seen very clearly. Another camera is therefore used to show close-up pictures of what is happening, and other may be positioned elsewhere to give several different viewpoints. The producer places the cameras in the most suitable positions before the event takes place and watches the camera outputs through monitor screens while they are in operation. He can then switch from one camera to another during the broadcast to give the best possible coverage of the event. The commentator sits with his microphone, usually near one of the cameras, looking at the scene. He also has a monitor in front of him showing him the same picture we see at home. His commentary is partly on what he can actually see of the event and partly on what he sees on his monitor screen.

Question:

1. Visiting a zoo or a theater by the television company belongs to one of the ______ broadcasts.

2. The ______ refers to the pictures which can be sent into our homes indirectly.

3. As in studio transmissions, ______ are normally used for an outside broadcast for different viewpoints.

4. Through monitor screens the producer can observe the different outputs while the ______ are in operation.

5. The commentator can use the information partly from the event that he can see and partly from his ______ to make his talk meaningful.

Passage 6

The first airliner to use the new jet engines was built in Britain and it began carrying passengers in 1952. It had two jet engines and flew much higher than petrol-engined airliner. At this height, the air is thinner and very cold, and so the aeroplane can cut through the air more easily. There are no clouds to disturb the flight of the airliner, and rain and thunderstorms are far below it. The sky above is a bright blue.

However, because the air is so cold and thin, the cabin has to be air-conditioned and has to be at normal pressure so that the passengers may eat, read and sleep in comfort.

Today, all long distance airliners have jet engines. The modern jet airliners are very big and carry as many as 200 passengers. Some airliners are even bigger: they can carry 350 passengers on two different floors. In this way, air travel can be made much cheaper.

Tomorrow's airliners will be flying at twice the speed of today's airliners. In fact, a new-type airliner has already reached this enormous speed. It can carry passengers in safety and comfort high up in the blue sky.

Question:

1. England made the first ______ which used the new jet engines in 195

2.

2. Thanks to its height, the jet airliner can go through the air ______ .

3. With the air conditioning and regular pressure in the cabin, the passengers can stay inside ______ .

4. The expenses of air travel will go down greatly, if some airliners can carry 350 passengers on two different ______ .

5. The writer of the text believes that the aeroplane industry has a ______ future.

Passage 7

Now the construction of nuclear power plants in the United

States has almost stopped. Plans for a great deal of nuclear equipment have been postponed or even canceled as a result of both the decreasing demand for electricity and strong public criticism. People are becoming increasingly concerned about the dangers that accompany nuclear power. There are two major problems linked with atomic power plants, the first of which concerns nuclear waste. Atomic reactors produce waste products that remain radioactive and possibly cause the death in the future for thousands of years. So far, no safe method has been found to get rid of these wastes. The second problem relates to the danger of anatomic explosion. Many people doubt that an atomic power plant can be operated safely and shut down quickly in a danger situation. A electricity generating plant powered by fossil fuels can stop in minutes; however, an atomic power plant is not easy to control if something goes wrong. It can remain "hot", or radioactive, for days and even months after an accident. In addition, the critics of nuclear energy are concerned with the human factors at power plants. Despite a lot of training programs, plants operators can still make mistakes. For these reasons, critics who are worried about public safety believe that the risks linked with nuclear energy are too great to justify its use.

A possible solution to atomic energy problems may lie in nuclear fusion. Fission reactors, which are presently in operation, produce energy by splitting atoms; fusion reactors, on the other hand, create energy by combining atoms. The fusion method appears to be safer since it does not produce radioactive waste.

Question:

1. In the United States, fewer nuclear plants are being constructed because of a ______ for power.

2. The danger caused by nuclear plants are drawing more and more people's ______.

3. A nuclear power plants is difficult to bring under ______ if something goes wrong.

4. The second major problem linked with atomic plants is that plant operators can make ______.

5. The author thinks that the nuclear fusion method seems to be safer, because it does not ______.

Passage 8

One of the most serious respiratory diseases is influenza, for it is able to attack people of all ages throughout the world. Incidence frequently is highest in young adults. It is an example of a disease that has increased in virulence through out the years, although since 1942 it seems to have become milder again. Influenza periodically has been epidemic in the United States from 1918 to the present time. Several tragic world-wide pandemics have occurred. One of the most dreadful was the 1918-1919 outbreak, in which there were some 20 million cases of influenza and pneumonia and approximately 850,000 deaths occurred.

Influenza is an acute disease of the respiratory tract that affects the whole body. It is characterized by a sudden onset, with

chills, fever around 120。that may rise to 104。, headache, muscular pains, prostration, sore throat, and cough. Like the common cold, it paves the way for secondary infections caused by hemolytic strep to cocci and pneumonia. Most deaths are due to complication from pneumonia. Recovery is usual in four or five days.

Question:

1. Influenza deserve attention as an important respiratory disease because it attacks ______.

2. Why was the 1918-1919 outbreak one of the most dreadful? ______.

3. High fevers usually accompany ______.

4. Most deaths from influenza are involved in ______.

5. What is the message mainly about? ______.

Passage 9

In liquids the molecules move freely with respect to each other but are held together by attractive forces. Not only do the molecules of a liquid cling to each other, by they also cling to the molecules of other substances, as may be seen when a piece of glass is dipped into a vessel of water. The molecules of water adhere to the glass and form a thin film over its surface. The attraction of like molecules for one another is called cohesion; the attraction of unlike molecules for one another is called adhesion. It is cohesive forces which hold together so firmly the molecules of iron, copper, and other solid substances. If the molecules of a liquid have less attraction for each other than for the molecules of the solid with which they are in contact, the liquid adheres to the solid and wets it. Here adhesive forces are greater than the cohesive. When the cohesive forces are greater than the adhesive, the solid is not wet by the liquid. Such is the case when mercury is in contact with glass. If a drop of mercury and a drop of distilled water are placed on a clean glass surface, the water spreads over the glass in a thin layer, while the mercury forms a distorted ball.

Question:

1. The molecules in a liquid cling to each other by ______.

2. What holds the molecules of solid substances so firmly? ______.

3. ______ operates when mercury is placed on glass.

4. The solid becomes wet when the molecules of a liquid have ______ for each other than for those of a liquid.

5. What is discussed in the passage? ______.

Passage 10

There are a number of stars whose brightness continually varies. Some of these variable stars show wholly irregular fluctuations, but the greater number repeat a fairly definite cycle of change. A typical variable grows brighter for a time, then fainter, then brighter once more, with irregular minor fluctuations during the cycle. Periods separating times of maximum brightness for some variables is only slightly greater than minimum brightness, but for others it's several hundred times as great. Since the sun's radiation changes slightly during the sunspot cycle, we may consider it a variable star with an extremely small range in brightness (a few per cent at moment) and a long period (about 11 years).The light changes in a few variable stars are simply explained; the stars are actually double stars whose orbits we see edgewise, so that one component periodically eclipses the other. But the fluctuations in most variables cannot be accounted for so easily. In some the appearance of numberous spots at regular intervals may dim their light; others might be pulsating, expanding and contracting so that their surface areas change periodically.

Question:

1. Do most variable stars fluctuate regularlyor irregularly? ______

2. Times for the cycle of different variable stars range from ______ to ______ .

3. The sun's brightness varies ______ in view of the percentage.

4. The star is eclipsed by its satellites is one explanation of the ______ .

5. What is the passage mainly about ______ .

Passage 11

Aristotle felt that when a body is in motion, it will come to rest unless it has some force acting on it continuously. Of course, this meant that the planets must have some force acting on them all the time to keep them from stopping. Since no such force could be observed, scientists began to wonder about Aristotle's theory.Galileo (1565-1642) performed a number of experiments on the motion of various bodies. The equations of kinematics are largely based on his work. Galileo observed that when there was very little friction, a ball would roll for a great plane. He formed the distance on a horizopinion that on a perfectlyfrictionless horizontal plane a ball would roll forever without changing speed once set in motion.Isaac Newton (1642-1727) accepted Galileo's ideas and incorporated them into his first law of motion :"A body at rest remains at test and a body in motion remains in motion with constant velocity along the same straight line unless acted upon by an outside force." Questions:

1. Aristotle believed that unless some force keep them going, objects will normally _______ .

2. The equations of kinematic are based on _______ .

3. According to Galileo, a ball rolling on a friction less plane would _______ at a constant speed.

4. What did Isaac Newton think of Galileo's ideas? _______ .

5. This passage tells us about _______ .

Passage 12

It is in situations where visual references such as the ground and horizon are obscured that trouble develops, especially for pilots who lack experience and proficiency in instrument flight. The vestibular sense in particular tends to confuse the pilot. Because of inertia, the sensory areas of the inner ear cannot detect slight changes in the attitude of the aircraft nor can they accuratelysense attitude changes which occur at a uniform rate over a period of time. On the other hand false sensations are often generated which lead the pilot to believe the

attitude of the plane has changed when in fact it has not. This not only compounds the confusion of the pilot but also makes him more susceptible to motion sickness which often accompanies disorientation. If a disoriented pilot actually does make a recovery from a turn, bank, or spin, he has a very strong tendency to feel that he has enter a turn, bank or spin in the opposite direction. These false sensations may lead to the well-known "graveyard spiral". Every pilot should be aware of these illusions and their consequences. Flight instructors should provide each pilot with an opportunity to experience these sensations under controlled conditions.

Questions:

1. The main idea of the passage is _______ .

2. Inexperienced pilots usually meet with great difficulties when _______

3. What causes the false sensations of attitude changes? _______ .

4. "Graveyard spiral" happens when a pilot feels that he _______ .

5. Flight instructors should train each pilot so as to avoid _______ .

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