100篇英汉汉英翻译段落练习
1Lexicography
1)Lexicography provides at its best a joyful sense of busyness with language2) One is
immersed in the details of language as in no other field. 3) Sometimes the details are so overwhelming and endless they sap the spirit and depress the mind4) Often at the end of a hard day’s work one realizes with dismay that the meager stack of finished work one has accomplished has an immeasurably slight impact on the work as a whole 5) As I hope the readers of this work will come to understand dictionaries do not sprint into being 6)People must plan them collect information and write them.7 )Writing takes time and it is often frustrating and even infuriating.8 )No other form of writing is at once so quixotic and so intensely practical.9) Dictionary making does not require brilliance or originality of mind.10) It does require high intelligence mastery of the craft and dedication to hard work.11) If one has produced a dictionary one has the satisfaction of having produced a work of enduring value.
2.Pollution
1) Pollution is a problem because man in an increasingly populated and industrialized world is upsetting the environment in which he lives.2) Many scientists maintain that one of man’s greatest errors has been to equate growth with advancement. 3) Now ―growth‖ industries are being looked on with suspicion in case their side effects damage the environment and disrupt the relationship of different forms of life.4) The growing population makes increasing demands on the world’s fixed supply of air water and land.5) This rise in population is accompanied by the desire of more and more people for a better standard of living, in an ever increasing amount of waste material to be disposed of.6) The problem has been causing increasing concern to living things and their environment.7) Many believe that man is not solving these problems quickly enough and that his selfish pursuit of possessions takes him past the point of no return before he fully appreciates the damage.
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词典编纂的绝妙之处是给人一种与语言打交道的快乐感。不像其他领域，编词典的人整天都钻在语言材料中。有时碰到的语言材料浩如烟海，令人耗神。往往一天辛苦工作下来，发觉所完成的薄薄几页草稿只是全部工作的九牛一毛，好不沮丧。正如我希望这部著作的读者会逐渐明白的那样，词典并非是一蹴而就的。必须先制定计划，收集材料，然后方能编写。编写词典不仅耗费时间，而且常让人受挫，甚至恼怒。没有其他的写作像编纂词典那样，既要有空想又要脚踏实地。词典编纂并不需要横渡的才华或独创的思维，但却要求很高的智力，对词典编纂的精通，和甘于吃苦的精神。一个人编写出一部词典，就会因它的长久价值而得到一份快慰。
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污染已成为问题，因为在当今人口越来越多，社会越来越工业化的世界上，人类正在污染他们居住的环境。许多科学家认为人类最大的错误是把发展和进步等同起来。现在人们以怀疑的态度看待“发展性”的产业，因为它们的副作用会破坏环境，破坏各种生命之间的关系。人口的增长导致对世界上有限的空气、水和土地的需求不断增长。伴随着人口增长的是越来越多的人渴望更高的生活水平。于是对电、水和商品的更大需求必然造成有更多的废物要处理。这个问题已经引起人们对生物及其环境的日益关注。许多人认为，人类没有尽快地解决这一问题，却只顾谋求私利，以致于到了无可挽救的地步以后才充分认识到这种兵贵神速。
3.Intelligent Test
1) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term ―intelligence‖ than there is on how to interpret or classify them. 2) But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily make distinctions reason logically and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. 3) An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for learning particularly for learning the kinds of t hings required in school. 4) It does not measure character social adjustment physical endurance manual skills or artistic abilities. 5) It is not supposed to-- it was not designed for such purposes. 6) To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity. 7) Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a ―valid‖ or ―fair‖ comparison.
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人们对智力所指的有那些不同表现看法比较一致，而对这些表现如何进行解释和分类，意见就不那么一致了。但人们一般认为智力高的人在处理问题时能抓住要点，善于区分，能进行逻辑推理，和利用语言和数学符号。智力测试只能很粗地衡量孩子的学习能力，尤其是学习学校要求的东西的能力。智力测试并不能衡量一个人的个性，社会适应力，耐力性，劳动技能，或艺术才能。人们不认为能做到这些，当初也不是为这些目的设计的。批评智力测试不能做到这一些，就如同批评温度计不能测风速一样。既然对智力的评估是相对而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对像进行比较时，我们所使用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公正的”比较。
4. Bureaucracy
1) Most ironic was the image of government that was born of these experiences. 2) As any scholarly treatise on the subject will tell you the great advantage bureaucracy is supposed to offer a complex modern society like ours is efficient rational uniform and courteous treatment for the citizens it deals with. 3) Yet not only did these qualities not come through to the people I talked with it was their very opposites that seemed more characteristic. 4) People of all classes—the rich man dealing with the Internal Revenue Service as will as the poor woman struggling with the welfare department—felt the treatment they had received had been bungled not efficient; unpredictable not rational; discriminatory not uniform; and all too often insensitive rather than courteous. 5) It was as if they had bought a big new car that not only did not run when they wanted it to but periodically revved itself up and drove all around their yards.
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这些经给人们的政府形象是最有讽刺意味的。任何一篇论述这个问题的学术论文都会说，对一个像我们这样复杂的现代化社会，官僚机构应当提供的一大优点是在和公民打交道时表现出富有效率，合乎情理，公平一致和文明礼貌的办事方法。但是，和我谈过话的人并没有感觉到这些品质，倒是恰恰相反的情况似乎更具有代表性。各阶层的人，从与税收部门打交道的富人到与福利部门交涉的可怜的妇人，都觉得他们受到的对待是糟糕的，而不是有效的，是捉摸不定的，而不是合情合理的是带有歧视的，而不是公平的，而且经常是冷漠的，而不是礼貌的。就像是买了一辆新的大轿车，不仅要它走的时候不走，面貌而且不时会自行加速，在院子里到处乱跑。
5. Problem with Educational System
1)There are 39 universities and colleges offering degree courses in Geography but I have never seen any good jobs for Geography graduates advertised. 2)Or am I alone in suspecting that they will return to teach Geography to another set of students who in turn will teach more Geography undergraduates?3) Only ten universities currently offer degree courses in Aeronautical Engineering which perhaps is just as well in view of the speed with which the aircraft industry has been dispensing with excess personnel. 4) On the other hand hospital casualty departments throughout the country are having to close down because of the lack of doctors. 5) The reason? University medical schools can only find places for half of those who apply. 6) It seems to me that time is ripe for the Department of Employment and the Department of Education to get together with the universities and produce a revised educational system that will make a more economic use of the wealth of talent application and industry currently being wasted on diplomas and degrees that no one wants to know about.
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目前全国有39所大学开设地理学位课程，但我从未看到广告上有招聘地理专业的大学毕业生的好工作。或是不是只有我一个人怀疑他们将回到学校教另一批学生的地理，而这些学生将来又去教更多的学生的地理？现在只有10所大学开设航天工程学位课程，考虑到飞机制造业一直在裁员的速度，还是这样做好。另一方面，由于缺少医生，全国的医院急诊室不得不纷纷关门。为什么？因为大学的医学院只能为申请攻读学位的一半人提供名额。对我说，来，时机已经成熟，就业部和教育部应当和名大学携手起来，改革我们的教育制度，使之更珍惜地使用学校的人才资源，学生的刻苦勤奋精神。而现在这些人才和努力都浪费在无人感兴趣的文凭和学位上。
6. Novelists
1) But if the open air and adventure mean everything to De foe they mean nothing to Jane Austen.2) Hers is the drawing room and people talking and by the many mirrors of their talk revealing their characters. 3) And if when we have accustomed ourselves to the drawing room and its reflections we turn to Hardy we are once more spun around.4) The moors are round us and the stars are above our heads.5) The other side of the mind is now exposed—the dark side that comes uppermost in solitude not the light side that shows in company.6) Our relations are not towards Nature and destiny.7) Yet different as these worlds are each is consistent with itself.8) The maker of each is careful to observe the laws of his own perspective and however great a strain they may put upon us they will never confuse us ad lesser writers so frequently do by introducing two different kinds of reality into the same book.
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如果说旷野和历险对笛福的小说是主题，那么对奥斯丁小说就毫无意义。她的小说是客厅和客厅中闲聊的人们。他们的谈话像一面面镜子，反映出他们的性格。当我们熟悉了奥斯丁的客厅和反映出来的事物后再去读哈代的小说，又得转向另一个世界。周围茫茫荒野，头顶一片星空。此时心态的另一面被揭示出来：不是聚会结伴时显示出来的轻松一面，而是自然和命运。这些作家描写的世界是完全不同的，但它们都自成一体。每个世界的创造者都小心翼翼遵循自己观察事物的法则，不管他们的作品读起来是如何的费力，却不像二流作家那样，把两种完全不同的世界塞进同一本书，让人感到不知所云。
7.The Law of Competition
1) Under the law of competition the employer of thousands is forced into the strictest economies among which the rates paid to labor figure prominently.2) The price which society pays for the law like the price it pays for cheap comforts and luxuries is great but the advantages of this law are also greater than its cost—for it is to this law that we owe our wonderful material development which brings improved conditions in its train.3) But whether the law be benign or not we cannot evade it; of the effect of any new substitutes for it proposed we can not be sure; and while the law may be sometimes hard for the individual it is best for the race because it insures the survival of the fittest in every department.4) We accept and welcome therefore as conditions to which we must accommodate ourselves great inequality of environment; the concentration of business industrial and commercial in the hands of a few; and the law of competition between these ,as being not only beneficial but essential to the future progress of the race.
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在竞争的法则下，上万人的雇主不得不实行一些最严厉的节约措施，其中节约给工人报酬的那部分占很大一部分。社会为这个法则付出的代价如同为低廉的舒适条件和奢侈品付出的代价一样是巨大的。但带来的好处超过了代价，因为正是这个法则，我们才有了了不起的物质进步，其结果是生活水平的提高。但是，不管这个法则是好是坏，我们无法回避，对任何建议替代它的新东西，其作用我们是不敢肯定的，虽然这个法则有时对个人来说可能很残酷，但对人类来说是好的，因为它确保每个领域里适者生存。我们接受并欢迎环境上的不平等，接受并欢迎让工商业经营集中在少数人的手里，接受和欢迎他们之间存在竞争的法则，我们把所有这一切看成是我们必须适应的条件，看成对人类未来的进步不仅有益，而且是很有必要的。
8. Key to Success in Business
1) Every successful business is built on superior senses—of timing opportunity responsibility and not infrequently humor.2) None however is more critical than the ability to sense the market.3) A senior executive’s instinctive capacity to empathize with and gain insights from customers is the single most important skill he or she can use to direct technologies product and service offerings indeed all elements of a company’s strategic posture.4) People like Bill Gates brought this ability to the enterprises they founded.5) Without it their ventures might have been short-lived or at least far less successful.6) But many top-level managers particularly those at industrial companies consider customer contact the bailiwick of sales and marketing staff.7) And even if they do believe that market focus is a priority most retain only limited contact with consumers as their organizations grow relying instead on subordinates’ reports—second –or-third-hand informati0n—to define and sense the market for them.
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每一个成功的工商企业都是建立在一些卓越的意识之上的，即懂得审时度势，抓住机遇，承担责任，并不乏幽默感。但这一切都没有比对市场了解的能力更为重要。高级管理人员的一个非常重要的本事是能很自然地设身处地的为客户着想，并从他们那里获得真知灼见。他们利用这种能力来指导技术、产品和售后服务，乃至公司战略计划的各个方面。比尔盖茨之类的成功者就曾把这种本事带进他们各自创立的企业中。没有这种能力，他们的事业或许只是昙花一现，至少没有像今天这样成功。但是许多高层经理，特别是工业公司的高层经理，把与顾客接触看成是销售和市场营销人员的事。即便他们确实也认为市场是公司的重心，但随着公司的发展，他们中在多数人也只与消费者保持十分有限的接触而已。他们判断和把握市场，依赖于下属送来的报告，即二手、三手的材料。
9. The Policy of Mass Media
1) Life is indeed full of problems on which we have to make decisions as citizens or as private individuala.2) But neither the real difficulty of these decisions nor their true and disturbing challenge to each individual can often be communicated through the mass media.3) The disinclination to suggest real choice which is to be found in the mass media is not simply the product of a commercial desire to keep the customers happy.4) The organs of the Establishment however well—intentioned they may be have a vested interest in ensuring that the public boat is not violently rocked and will so affect those who work within the mass media that they will be led insensibly towards forms of production which though they go through the motions of dispute and inquiry do not break through the skin to where such inquires might really hurt.5) They will tend to move when exposing problems well within the accepted cliché—assumptions of democratic society and will tend neither radically to question these clichés nor to make a disturbing application of them to features of contemporary life
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生活中充满了作为工民或个人必须作出决定的问题。但在媒体中不经常见到有反映作出这些决定的真实难度，也没有反映作出这些给他们带来的令人烦恼的难题。媒体不愿给出明确答案不只简单是一种取乐于顾客的广告手段。各种社会权力机构，尽管初衷可能是好的，都有自己的即得利益，确保社会的稳定，它们会设法影响新闻工作者，让他们不知不觉制作出的节目或写出的文章不痛不痒，不触及到问题的实质，虽然也装模作样地搞些辩论和调查。他们揭露问题往往只是在民主社会可以接受的老一套观点内进行。既不对这些老一套的表示出一点过激的疑问，在把它们到现代生活的专栏时也尽量不让各方面感到难堪。
10. The American and the English
1) Of the intrinsic differences that separate American from English the chief have their roots in the obvious disparity between the environment and traditions of the American people since the seventeenth century and those of the English.2) The latter have lived under a relatively stable social order and it has impressed upon their souls their characteristic respect for what is customary and of good report.3) Until the World War brought chaos to most of their institutions their whole lives were regulated perhaps more than those of any other people save the Spaniards by a regard for precedent.4) The Americans though partly of the same blood have felt no such restrain and acquired no such habit of conformity.5) On the contrary they have plunged to the other extreme for the conditions of life in their country have put a high value upon the precisely opposite qualities of curiosity and daring and so they acquired that character of restlessness that impatience of forms that disdain of the dead hand which now broadly marks them.
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许多本质上的不同造成了美语从英语中分出来。而主要的不同是两种语言根植于两个完全不同的社会环境和文化传统。自欺欺人17世纪来，美国人和英国人在这两方面的差异十分明显。英国人相对说来生活在一个相对稳定的社会秩序里。这种秩序铭记在他们心灵里的是对习惯上和名誉上的东西有一种特有的尊敬。虽然第一次世界大战改变了他们大多数的风俗习惯，但在这之前，他们的全部生活，或许比其他任何民族的生活，除西班牙人，都更受到先例的制约。而虽然美国人中一部分的祖先是英国人，但他们没有这种约束。也没有这种一致性习惯的要求。相反，他们走到了另一个极端，因为他们国家的生活状况使他们看重的是好奇和冒险这恰恰相反的品质，这样他们养成的是不安现状，厌烦形式主义，藐视旧势力的影响的个性。这些个性在他们身上普遍反映出来。
11. A political Speech
1) Within a very short time of coming back into power the present government had taken steps to stabilize the position.2) First of all we applied ourselves to identifying the root causes of our national ailments examining contemporary evidence and refusing to be slaves to outmoded doctrinaire beliefs.3) Secondly we embarked on a reasoned policy to ensure steady economic growth the modernization of industry and a proper balance between public and private expenditure.4) Thirdly by refusing to take refuge—as the previous Government had continually done in the preceding years –in panic –stricken stop-gap measures we stimulated the return of international confidence.5) As a result of those immediate measures and aided by the tremendous effort which they evoked from our people who responded as so often before to a firm hand at the helm we weathered the storm and moved on into calmer waters and a period of economic expansion and social reorganization
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在重新执政后极短的时间里，本届政府就采取了许多措施来稳定局势。首先，我们致力于找出国内种种常弊病的根本原因仔细研究当时的症状，而不是墨守过时的成规教条。第二我们采取了经过深思熟虑的政策以保证经济的稳步发展，工业的现代化，以及公私支出之间的平衡。第三，我们没有采取上届政府前几年的一贯做法，没有因为惊慌失措而安于一些补漏洞的权宜之计，因此我们促使了我们国际信誉得到恢复。由于采取了这些措施，由于我国人民——他们一如既往，对坚定的掌舵人作出积极的响应——在这些措施激励之下作出了巨大的努力，为我们提供了帮助，我们经受了风暴，进入了比较平静的海面，进入了一个经济发展与社会重组的时期。
12. The Education of Humanists
1)The education of humanists cannot be regarded as complete or even adequate without exposure in some depth to where things stand in the various branches of science particularly in the areas of our ignorance.2)Physics professors most of them look with revulsion on assignments to teach their subjects to poets.3) The liberal arts faculties for their parts will continue to view the scientists with suspicion and apprehension. 4) But maybe a new set of courses dealing systematically with ignorance in science will take hold.5) The scientists might discover in it a new and subversive technique for catching the attention of students driven by curiosity delighted and surprised to le arn that science is exactly as some scientists described it: an ―endless frontier.‖6) The humanists for their part might take considerable satisfaction in watching their scientific colleagues confess openly to not knowing everything about everyone.7) And the poets on whose shoulders the future rests might late nights thinking things over begin to see some meanings that elude the rest of us.
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人文主义者的教育如果不在一定深度上了解科学各个领域的情况，尤其是我们一无所知的领域，那就不能视为是完全的，或是足够的。大多数的物理教师如让我们教诗人物理，都很反感。而文科教师会继续以怀疑和恐惧的心情看待科学家。或许，那些帮助学生系统地了解科学方面所不知道的东西的新课程将会建立。科学家的注意力。这些学生会惊奇地发现科学正如一些科学家所描写的。是一个永远了开发不完的处女地。而当人主义者注意到他们的科学家的同事公开承认并不是对任何东西都彻底了解时，也会感到极大的满足。而身上寄托着未来的诗人们或许在深夜反复思索，开始看到了我们大多数人所不能理解的意思。
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问题是：如对人的权利是一致的意见，去争论动物的权利是没有结果的。只会一开始就把讨论引向极端。它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么对它们相关方面都不同，持这种极端看法的人会认为对待动物无须考虑道德问题。任何对动物的遭遇的关心都被认为是错误的，是把自己的感情放错了地方，因为这种感情应当放到其他人身上。但是道德观的最基本一条是将心比心。对大多数来说，看到动物受罪足以引起人的同情。这种反应并不是错误，而是人用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用。这种本能应当得到鼓励而不应遭到嘲笑。
13. Animals’ Rights
1)The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people arguing about the rights of
animals is fruitless.2) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans or with no consideration at all.3) This is a false choice.4) Arguing from the view be directed to other humans.6) But the most elementary form of moral reasoning is to weigh others’ interests against one’s own.7)To see an animal in pain is enough for most to engage sympathy.8) When that happens it is not a mistake it is mankind’s instinct for that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.5) Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly moral reasoning in action an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
14. The Problems of Debt
1) Many economists insisted that only a major restructuring of the world’s c ould resolve the problem.2) To avert the danger of major defaults and to restore security to the economic system Western bankers and governments will have to ensure that they are imposing reasonable repayment terms on developing countries terms that will not provoke revolution or chaos.3) They will have to lower interest requirements with some form of subsidy from the central banks if necessary.4) And they will have to strengthen the IMF as their ultimate safeguard.5) It is not enough for the IMF and the banks to provide a financial fire brigade moving from one debt crisis to another.6) The IMF must be given enough support to make longer—term loans in order to enable developing countries to revive their exports without enduring crippling hardships.7) Unless Western governments face up to this challenge they may face political catastrophes that will require far more costly intervention.
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许多经济学家坚持认为，只有对世界各国的债务进行重大的调整，这个问题才能解决。为了防止发生宣布无力偿还债务的重大事件，并使经济体制恢复稳定，西方各国银行和政府必须确保他们强制各发展中国家履行的还债条件公平合理，确保这些条件不至于引起革命。他们必须加强国际货币基金组织，作为他们最后的保障。国际货币基金组织和各大银行仅仅发挥金融消防队的作用，为一次又一次的债务危机而奔忙是不够的。必须给予国际货币基金组织充分的支持，使它能够提供长期的贷款，以便使发展中国家能够振兴出口而不遭受严重的困难。除非西方国家政府勇敢地面对这一挑战，否则他们就可能面临重大的政治灾难，非进行代价高得多的干预不可。
15. Scofflawry
1) The dangers of scofflawry vary wildiy.2 The person who illegally spits on the sidewalk remains disgusting but clearly poses less risk to others than the company that illegally buries hazardous chemical waste in an unauthorized location.3) The fare beater on the subway presents less threat of life than the landlord who ignores fire safety statutes.4) The most immediately and measurable dangerous scofflawry however also happens to be the most visible.5) The culprit is the American driver whose lawless activities today add up to a colossal public nuisance.6) The hazards range from routine double parking that jams city streets to the drunk driving that kills thousands of people yearly.7) Red-light running has always been ranked as a minor wrong and so it may bi in individual instances.8) When the violation becomes habitual widespread and incessant however a great deal more than a traffic management problem is involved.9) The violation of basic rules of the road leaves deep dents in the social mood
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玩忽法律的行为，其危害是多种多样的。在人行道上随地吐痰，当然是令人讨厌的。但比起那些在工厂在非规定的地方随意埋置危险化学废料的违法行为，它对人的危害性要小得多。承地铁逃票当然没有像房东无视防火安全规定那样会危及人的生命安全。然而，正是那些极常见的玩忽法律的行为，造成的危害最直接，最严重了。罪魁祸首要算那些无法无天驾驶汽车的美国人，他们的所作所为构成了巨大的公害。从在马路上并排停两辆汽车，造成义勇阻塞到酒后驾车，致使每年车祸死亡成千上万人。闯红灯常常被列为小错，因而可能只是个别情况。然而一旦人们形成习惯，成为普遍经常性的东西则问题远非是交通管理而已。违反交通规则给社会心理状态打开了一道深深的缺口。
16. American Study
1) The scientific interest of American history centered in national character and in the workings of a society destined to become bast in which individuals were imp0rtant chiefly as types.2) Although this kind of interest was different from that of European history it was at least as important to the world.3) Should history ever become a true science it must expect to establish its laws not from the complicated story of rival European nationalities but from the economical evolution of a great democracy.4) North America was the most favorable field on the globe for the spread of a society so large uniform and isolated as to answer the purposes of science.5) There a single homogeneous society could easily attain proportions of three or four hundred million persons under conditions of undisturbed growth.6) In Europe or Asia undisturbed social evolution had been unknown.7) Without disturbance evolution seemed to cease.8) Wherever disturbance occurred permanence was impossible.9) Every people in turn adapted itself to the law of necessity. 16参考译文
在科学上对美国历史发生兴趣主要集中在其民族特性，以及一个注定要大起来、强调个性的社会的运转方式上。尽管这种兴趣不同于对欧洲历史的兴趣，但至少对于世界说来是同样重要的。如果有一天历史会成为一门真正的科学的话，它必定要建立起自己的规律。这些规律不是来自对手欧洲列强的复杂历史，而是来自一个伟大的民主国家的经济发展。北美是全球最适宜这样一个社会发展的地方，这个社会是如此地在物博，统一而又与欧洲大陆隔离，可以适合科学研究的各种需要。在那里只要没有干扰发展的条件，一个同质的社会能毫不困难地达到三四亿人口。在欧洲或亚洲，不受干扰的社会进化过去是未听说过的。没有干扰，进化似乎就停止了。而只要有出现干扰的地方，就不可能有永久一成不变的东西。各个民族都相继适应了这条必然的规律。
17.Jack London
1) Life itself led London to reject this approach in his writing.2) He knew what it meant to be one of the disinherited to be chained to the deadening routine of the machine and to soul-destroying labor for an insufficient reward.3) Consequently he swept aside not only the literature that pretended that ours is a society of sweetness and light but also that which contended that the inculcation of the spirit of Christian fellowship would put an end to class controversy.4) He did not oppose labor organization nor balk at the strike as a weapon of labor; rather he took his heroes and heroines from the labor movement and wove his plots within their struggles.5) He poured into his writings all the pain of his life the fierce hatred of the bourgeoisie that it had produced in him and the conviction it had brought to him that world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise up and take the management of society out of the hands of the exploiters.
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生活本身使杰克伦敦不能接受这样的看法。他知道作为一个被剥夺应有权利的人是什么滋味，也知道为得到微薄的工资天天困守在令人麻木的机器旁，干着心力交瘁的活儿是什么滋味。因此，他不仅撇开把我们的社会粉饰成一个光明美好的社会的一些作品，而且也反对主张灌输基督教的博爱精神就能消除阶级矛盾的那些作品。他不反对劳工组织，也不阻拦把罢工作为劳工斗争武器；而是从劳工运动中摄取他作品中的男女主人公，把他的故事情节交织在这些人的斗争中。他把他生活中遭受的痛苦，把这种痛苦在他心里产生的对资产阶级的深恶痛绝，把这种痛苦带给他的一种信念全部倾注在自己的作品里。这种信念便是：如果被压迫的人们站起来，从剥削者手中夺取社会管理权，那么世界就会变成一个人们能生活较好的地方。
18. Standardized Tests
1) Standardized tests have been the target of recent attacks in the daily press.2) The target is wrong for in attacking the tests critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill—informed or incompetent users.3) All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance.4) How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount reliability and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is isnterpreted.5) In general the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined.6) They identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized but there are many things they do not do.7) For example they do not compensate for gross social inequality and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been gad he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
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标准化测试最近受到报纸的批评。把它作为批评的目标是不对的，因为批评者没有注意到问题是人们测试不甚了解或使用不当。对将来的表现进行有根据的预测是依据对过去相关表现的了解。而这些测试在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所用的信息的数量、可靠程度和适宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。一般说来，当所要测定的东西能很精确地界定时，测试最为有效，而当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确界定时，测试效果就差。测试能确定一个学生先前未被人们注意到的潜力，但是也有很多东西它们不能测试。例如测试并不弥补明显的社会不公，因此不能测定一个物质条件差的年轻人如果让他在较好的环境下成长，可能会有多大的才干。
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卡特总统近来不断把他最亲近的顾问召集到一起，以便对他的政府的棘手问题进行一次称之为“不留情面的重新评价”，可是谁会向他说真话？你几乎可以把这一点看成首都的一种惯例：历届总统都经常请他们的助手提出“直率的批评”，可是他们听不到什么批评，而且即使听到了，通常他们也不照着去做。出现这种情况的原因倒并非不清楚。白宫椭圆型办公室是美国最令人生畏的一个房间。它使多数进入这间房子的人产生一种需要尊敬的感觉，甚至在国会上对总统咆哮如雷的议员们跨进白宫大门后，也往往把声音压低一些，按照事先准备好的稿子讲话。白宫的助手们很少在向总统提出不同意见时不表现出惶恐不安的。就是基辛格这个有点傲气，喜欢乱发言论的人在把他知道要发生的灾难告诉尼克松也有点踌躇不前。
19. President Carter
1) President Carter has been calling his closest advisers together for what is called as a hard reappraisal of his administration’s troubles but who will tell him the truth? 2) You can almost put it down as a general rule in this town that presidents often invite ―honest criticism‖ from their aides but seldom get it and usually don’t follow it when they do.3) The reasons for this are not obscure.4) The Oval Office is the most frightening room in America.5) It imposes a kind of respect on most visitors and even those legislative lions who roar against the president on Capital Hill tend to usually lower their voices and follow their prepared speeches when they walk through the White House door.6) Few While House aides dare to say anything against the president without betraying their fears.7) Even Henry Kissinger who is not an excessively modest or silent man hesitated to face President Nixon with the disaster he knew lay ahead.
20. AIDS
1) But AIDS deprives us of our roles in the customary death scene intervenes in any comfortable transaction we might have negotiated with Death.2) It is epidemic and so can never be quite individual.3) It comes unjustly before its time sparing or striking arbitrarily and so can never be wholly inevitable.4) Because of its arbitrary choices too one can never quite call it a consequence of one’s own actions never entirely take responsibility for it as the hero of a tra gic drama ought to be able to do 5) It simply is there scattering fates this way and that truncating some lives and leaving others mysteriously carefree prolonging some torments hideously and cutting off others with the gentle snap of a leaf falling in autumn.6) Its combination of caprice and control carried out on so large a scale undercuts almost any response we can summon. 7) We react to it with a puzzled inhibited caution fearing simultaneously for our lives—a set of nervous supporting players in a show whose volatile star has unexpectedly come onstage drunk with a loaded gun
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但是艾滋病使我们失去了一个人在传统的死时所能起的作用，改变了我们或许在过去能平静地与死神斗争的方式。艾滋病是流行性的，所以决不是个人的事。它在发作前就不公正地出现人们身上，不让人得这个病或让人得这个病，是任意的，所以决不是完全不可避免的。同样由于这种病是任意性的，我们决不能把它说成是自己行为的结果，决不能像悲剧中的主人公要对此负全部的责任。艾滋病就这样，把厄运带给这人或那人，夺去一些人的生命，而使有一些人就像秋天的落叶被轻轻地摘去。它流行甚广，虽不是无法控制，却来去突然，使我们不能有足够的反应。我们的反应表现得迷惑，拘谨和小心翼翼，同时担心自己的生命，就像一幕戏里战战兢兢的配角，看着反复无常的主角突然跑到台上，醉醺醺的，手握一支上膛的手枪。
21. On Incorruptibility
1) This reputation for incorruptibility is the greatest of our advantages in administering the Empire.2) Its rarity among nearly all the other peoples I have known raises our officials almost to the level of divine superiority and without it we could not hold the Empire together nor would it be worth the pains.3) A business man who has worked long under the system of concessions in Russia tells me that it is mow impossible to bribe the Commissar or other high officials there.4) That is an immense advance for under Tsarism one had only to signify the chance of a good bribe and one got what one wanted But nowadays on the suspicion of bribery both parties are shot off-hand.5) It is a drastic way of teaching what we have somehow learnt so smoothly that we are scarcely conscious of the lesson or of our need of it.6) Yet there was need.7) The change is remarkable and I think it may be traced to an unconscious sense of honor somehow instilled among the boys.
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这种廉洁的名声是我们治理帝国的最大优势。这在我所知道的几乎所有别的民族中很少见，公这一点就把我们的官员抬到了神圣般的优越地位。如果没有这种廉洁，我们就不能使帝国保持团结，也不值得为之而尽心竭力。一个在俄国的租界长期工作过的商人对我说，如今在那里要去贿赂一位政治委员或其他高级官员是不可能的。这是一个很大的进步，因为在沙俄时代，只消向官员示意一下他有可能得到一大笔贿赂，就可以想要什么就得到什么。但是今天只要有行贿受贿嫌疑，双方都会立即枪毙。这是用一种过激的办法，来让我们懂得那些学得太顺当以臻我们几乎没有意识到是在学习，或意识到有学习的必要的东西。而在过去，这是必要的。这个变化是相当大的，我想变化的根源在于人们在小时候被灌输一种下意识的荣誉感。
22. On ―Mein Kampf‖
1) Mein Kampf’s theme song rec urring again and again is race race purity race supremacy though nowhere did Hitler attempt to define race.2) It was never intended by Nature Hitler claims that all races should be equal any more than individuals are equal.3) Some are created superior to o thers.4) The Germans as the world’s strongest race should rule over the inferior through having the habitat of the highest race extended and scattered Germanic peoples united under one rule.6) The vast expansion visualized by Hitler would take place principally at the expense of other races.7) To attain the objectives set by his soaring ambition Hitler proposes three methods: propaganda diplomacy and force. 8) Nowhere in Mein Kampf is the author more revealing of himself and his tactics than in his discussion of propaganda techniques—correctly believed by him to be one of the Nazis’ most effective and formidable weapons.
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《我的奋斗》一书中一而再，再而三重复强调的主题就是种族、种族的纯正和种族的优越，虽然希特勒根本不想去解释什么叫种族。希特勒宣称，上帝从不认为所有民族应当平等，正如个人不平等一样。一些民族天生就高于另一些民族。如世界上最强大的民族德国人就应统治地球上的劣等民族。如果能使最优秀的民族地盘扩展到世界各地，并使分散的各日耳曼民族团结在一个统治下，全人类会最终从中受益。希特勒所设想的大规模扩张主要就是以牺牲其他民族利益而进行的。为了达到他野心勃勃的目的，希特勒提出三种手段，这就是宣传、外交和武力。在《我的奋斗》一书中，最能揭示希特勒本人和他的手段的地方莫过于在论述其宣传技巧时，这个被他认为是纳粹最有效最厉害的武器之一。
23. A Jew’s Journey
1) It is a very long time since I attended a Mass.2) In this pilgrimage town you get the real thing with a crowd of real worshippers—those who come include the paralyzed the crippled the blind the deformed the dying a terrible parade a parade of God’s cruel jokes or inept mistakes if you seriously maintain t hat he heeds the sparrow’s fall.3) Cold as it was in the church the air was warm as May compared to the chill in my heart as the Mass proceeded.4) It would have been only courteous to kneel at the proper time as all did since I had voluntarily come: but for all the disapproving glances I the stiff—necked Jew would not kneel.5) I remember the first break with my own religion as though it were yesterday.6) I can still feel my cheek stinging from the slap of the mashiakh the study hall supervisor as I trudge in the snow on the town square in the purple evening having been ordered out of the hall for impudent heresy.7) Perhaps in a larger city the mashiakh would have had the sense to smile at my effrontery and pass it off.8) Then the whole course of my life might have been different.
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我已经很久没有做过弥散。在这个众人朝拜的圣城，我看到了真正的弥散。看到一批一批虔诚的善男善女，其中有瘫痪的，有跛足的，有失明的，有畸形的，有奄奄一息的，他们组成一支令人目不忍赌的行列。如果有谁真相信就连麻雀坠地这样的小事上帝也注意致了，那么这些人一定是他有意残酷作弄的对象，或是他千虑一失的牺牲品。教堂里寒气逼人，但弥撒开始后，教堂里的气氛与我心中的凄凉相比，却温暖如春。既然我来这里是完全出于自愿。仅仅为了礼貌起见，我本应该在需要下跪的时候和他们一起下跪。但是，我这个倔强的犹太人却不顾四周向我向射来的非难目光，就是不肯下跪。我还记得我最初和我的犹太教决裂的情形。就像昨天发生一样。那个学堂的学监，认为我胆敢信奉异端邪说，狠狠打了我一记耳光，把我赶出学堂。我只得在紫色暮霭中，拖着沉重的脚步走在市政广场的雪地里，脸上感到针戳一般痛。现在我还感到那种痛。这种事如发生在一个大一些的城市，那里的学监可能会通情达理，对我的冒犯行为一笑了之。如果真是那样，我的生命旅程也就会完全不同。24. Extraterrestrial Life
1)Hand in hand with the recent spectacular advances in radio technology there has been a
dramatic increase in the scientific and public respectability of the entire subject of extraterrestrial life.2) A clear sign of the new attitude is the Viking missions to Mars which are to a significant extent dedicated to the search for life on another planet.3) But along with the burgeoning dedication to a serious search a slightly negative note has emerged which is nevertheless very interesting.4) A few scientists have lately asked a curious question: if extraterrestrial intelligence is abundant why have we not already seen its manifestations?5) Think of the advances by our own technological civilization in the past ten thousand years and imagine such advances continued over millions or billions of years more.6) If only a tiny fraction of advanced civilizations are millions or billions or billions of years more advanced then ours why have they not produced artifacts devices or even industrial pollution of such magnitude that we would have detected it ?
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与无线电技术获得非凡进展相一致的是，无论是科学界还是在社会上，人们对寻外星人这一课题的重要性的认识，有了极大的提高。“海盗”号火星探测器的发射就清楚地表明了这种新的态度。因为这些发射在很大程度上是用来搜寻另一行星上的生命的。不过，随着人们倾注越来越多的精力，进行认真搜索的时候，却出现了一种有点反对，但又是十分有趣的
论调。一些科学家近来问了一个奇怪的问题：如果宇宙间存在许多外星人，为什么我们迄今尚未见到表明他们存在的证据？想一想近一万年来我们自己的技术文明社会所取得的种种进步吧。再设想一下，这些进步再持数百万年或数十亿年时的情景吧。先进的文明社会中即使仅有极少一部分，其优越的程度超过我们数百万年或数十亿年，为何他们至今还未能制造出物件，器械装置和我们本应检测到的如此大量的工业污染？
25. The Importance of being Interested
1)Now I have recalled these beginnings of the careers of Franklin Darwin and Mozart
because they strikingly illustrate a profound psychological truth the significance of which can scarcely be overestimated.2) It is a truth to e sure that has long been partially recognized.3) But its full meaning has not been—and could not be—appreciated until quite recently.4) Only within the past few years has scientific research effected various discoveries which make its complete recognition possible and of supreme importance—of such importance that practical application of the principles involved would make for an immediate and stupendous increase in human happiness efficiency and welfare.5) Stated briefly the truth in question is that success in life meaning thereby the accomplishment of results of real value to the individual and to society depends chiefly on sustained endeavor springing out of a deep and ardent interest in the tasks of one’s chosen occupation.
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现在我已回顾了富兰克林，达尔文和莫扎特开始事业时的情况。因为这些事雄辩地说明了心理方面的一个深刻的真理，其意义再强调也不过分。确实，这是一个长期来并没有充分认识的真理。直到前不久，其全部意义才被，才可能被理解。只是在最近几年里科学研究才作出种种发现，使得完全认识这一真理成为可能，并变得极其重要，迟到于它所涉及到的原则运用到实践中去会立即和极大地提高人的效力，给人类带来幸福和康乐。简单的说，这个真理就是生活的成功，即实现个人和社会的真正价值的结果主要取决于坚持不懈的努力，这种努力是来源于对自己所选择的事业深深的和炽热的兴趣。
26. How to Write Clearly
1) I have never had much patience with the writers who claim from the reader an effort to understand their meaning.2) You have only to go to great philosophers to see that it is possible to express with lucidity the most subtle reflections.3) One cause of obscurity is that many writers think not before but as they write.4) The pen originates the thought.5) The disadvantages of this and indeed it is a danger against which the author must be always on his guard is that there is a sort of magic in the written word.6) The idea acquires substance by taking on a visible nature and then stands in the way of its own clarification.7) But this sort of obscurity merges very easily into the willful.8) Some writers who do not think clearly are inclined to suppose that their thoughts have a significance greater than at first sight appears.9) It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run may read and very naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reis with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection.
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有些作家，读者要费力才能看懂他们的意思，我对这样的作家一向是没有多少耐心的。你只要看一看那些大哲学家的著作就会明白，即使是最细腻的思想也是可以表达得很清楚的。写不清楚的一个原因是许多作家不是想好了再写，而是边写边想。思想从运笔中产生。这有一种缺点，甚至是作家必须时刻警惕的危险，即文字有一种魔力。一个思想有了看得见
的形状后，变成了具体的东西，它会妨碍作者把它进一步说清楚。不过，这种不清楚很容易与作者故意造成的不清楚混在一起。有些作家思路不请，往往认为自己的思想深奥，不可能表达那么清楚，让什么人都能理解，这是一种虚荣的念头。这样的作家当然不会想到，问题还是出在自己脑子缺乏精确思考的能力。
27. The Normandy Landings
1) The landings were very chancy and might have ended disastrously.2) A pyramiding of mistakes and bad luck on German side gave Roosevelt success in his one audacious military move.3) The mounting of the invasion armada was certainly a fine technological achievement; as was the production of the huge air fleets with crews to man them.4) General Marshall’s raising equipping and training of the land armies that poured into Normandy showed him to be an American Scharnhorst.5) The U. S infantryman while requiring far too luxurious logistical support put up a nice fight in France; he was fresh well—fed and unscarred by battle.6) But essentially what happened in Normandy was that Franklin Roosevelt beat Adolf Hitler as surely as Wellington beat Napoleon at Waterloo. 7) In Normandy the two men at last clashed in head—on armed shock.8) Hitler’s mistakes gave Roosevelt the victory; just as at Waterloo it was less Wellington who won than Napoleon who lost.
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诺曼底登陆十分危险，结果很可能是一场灾难。德国方面的一错再错，加上运气不好，才使罗斯福在一次大胆的军事行动中得以成功。进攻船队的集结，确实是一个出色的技术成就，而庞大的冠军机群的生产和机上人员的配备，也是如此。马歇尔将军对于涌进诺曼底的地面部队的征募，装备和训练，显示出他是美国的一位沙恩霍斯特。美国步兵虽然需要过于奢侈的后勤支持，但在法国却进行了顽强的战斗。他们精神饱满，营养充足，没有在滑铁卢击败拿破仑那样，罗斯福确实是击败了希特勒。在诺曼底，这两人终于在正面的冲突中交手了。希特勒犯下的错误使罗斯福取得了胜利。正如在滑铁卢战场上，与其说威灵顿打胜了，不如说拿破仑战败了。
28. A New Hunger
1) There was a huge library near the riverfront but I knew that Negroes were not allowed to patronize its shelves any more than they were the parks of the city.2) But I managed to get some books there.3) I grew silent wondering about the life around.4) It would gave been impossible for me to have told anyone what I derived from these novels for it was nothing less than a sense of life itself.5) All my life had shaped me for the realism the naturalism of the modern novel and I could not read enough of them.6) Steeped in new moods and ideas I began to write; but nothing would come or what did come was flat beyond telling.7) I discovered that more than desire and feeling were necessary to write and I dropped the idea.8) Yet I still wondered how it was possible to know people sufficiently to write about them? 9) I now knew what being a Negro meant.10) I could endure the hunger.11) I had learned to live with hate.12) But to feel that there were feelings denied me that the very breath of life itself was beyond my reach that more than anything else hurt wounded me.13) I had a new hunger.
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该市江边有一个很大的图书馆，但是我知道它是不容许黑人去光顾的，就如市里的公园不让黑人进去的那样。但我还是设法从那里搞到一些书。我变得沉默起来，开始考虑周围的生活。如果真让我说出，读了这些小说有何收益，这是不可能的。因为这一切不过是生活本身的感受。我一生的经历造成了我喜欢现代小说中的现实主义和自然主义作品。这类小说我百读不厌。我完全沉浸在新的情绪和思想中，于是便开始写作。但我什么也没写出来。即使
写出来的也极其平淡无味。我发现要写作，只有愿望和感情是不够的。于是我放弃了写作的念头。然而，我仍然是想知道，怎样才能了解人们，进而描写他们？我现在知道了做一个黑人意味什么。我可以忍受饥饿。我学会了容忍仇恨。但我感到我被拒之于某些感情之外，感到生活中最必需的东西我也得不到，这种感觉比其他任何东西都更深深刺伤了我的心。这样有了新的饥饿。
29. Sunset
1)But owing to the constant presence of air currents arranging both the dust and vapor in
strata of varying extent and density and of high or low clouds which both absorb and reflect the light in varying degree we see produced all those wondrous combinations of tints and those gorgeous ever-changing colors which are a constant source of admiration and delight to all who have the advantage of an uninterrupted view to the west and who are accustomed to watch for those not infrequent exhibitions of nature’s kaleidoscopic color painting.2) With every change in the altitude of the sun the display changes its character; and most of all when it has sunk below the horizon and owing to the more favorable angle a larger quantity of the colored light is reflected toward us.3) These as long as the sun was above the horizon intercepts much of the light and color ; but when the great luminary has passed away from our direct vision its light shines more directly on the under sides of all the clouds and air strata of different densities.
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但是由于不断出现的气流，把尘埃与水汽形成范围和密度均不等的空气层，加上不断出现的高低空云层不同程度地吸收和反射太阳光，我们这才看到所产生的各种奇异的色调和不断变化的色彩，任何人只要有幸看到一幅完整的西天的景色，习惯于注意大自然的不时展现的那瞬息万变的画面，都会为之赞不绝口，喜不自胜。随着夕阳缓缓西坠，这种景观也不断变幻，尤其是在太阳深入地平线之后，由于角度更加适宜，大量五颜六色的光就都反射到地面上来了。原先只要太阳还在地平线上，云雾就截住上少阳光和色彩，但现在太阳从我们的视野中消失了，阳光便更为直接地照射到密度不同的云层和大气层的底部。
30. Tragedy
1) Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it.2) There are no longer problems of the spirit.3) There is only the question:4) When will I be blown up? 5) Because of this the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about worth the agony and the sweat.6) He must learn them again.7) He must teach himself that the basest of all things is to be afraid; and teaching himself that forget it forever leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart the universal truths lacking which any story is ephemeral and doomed—love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice.8) Until he does so he labors under a curse.9) He writes not of love but of lust of defeats in which nobody loses anything of value of victories without hope and worst of all without pity or compassion.
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我们今天的悲剧在于存在着一种普遍的内心恐惧，这种恐惧一直伴随着我们，以致我们竟能默默承受着它。不再有精神问题了。唯一存在的问题是：我什么时候会被炸得粉碎？因为想着这个问题，如今的青年男女作家已经忘却了人类内心冲突的问题，而惟有写内心冲突才会产生优秀的作品，因为这是唯一值得去写的，值得作家们为之呕心沥血的。作家必须再
度学习这些问题。他们必须使得自己懂得恐惧是最低贱的东西，学会永远忘却恐惧，在自己的作品里除了写反映心灵的永恒那些古老的价值与真理外，不保留任何东西。因为缺少这些永恒的真理，任何小说，或写爱情，荣誉，怜悯，自尊，或写同情，牺牲，都是短命的，注定要失败的。除非他这样做，否则他的辛勤工作只能遭来诅咒。他写的不是爱情而是情欲，写失败，没有人失去有价值的东西，写胜利，没有希望，更糟的是，没有怜悯，没有同情。
31. Technology vs. Genius
1) According to the new school of scientists science moves forward not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.2) ―In short‖ a leader of the new school contends ―the scientific revolution was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.‖3) Over the years tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.4) The modern school that hails technology argues that Galileo Newton Einstein and Edison attached great importance to and derived great benefit from information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.5) Government policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute.6) Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.
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根据新学派的科学家的观点，科学的发展与其说是源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说是由于改进的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。他们中的一个领导人坚持说：“简而言之，科学革命主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。”多年来，工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。偏向技术的现代派认为伽利略、牛顿、爱因斯坦和爱迪生都看重在科学实验中有用的信息和各种技术工具，并从中得益非浅。政府的政策必然要涉及到是偏向技术还是偏向人才的争论。政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。
32. Views on the World Wars
1) The Second World War in some ways gave birth to less novelty and genius than the First.2) It was of course a greater cataclysm fought over a wider area and altered the social and political structure of the world at least as radically as its predecessor perhaps more so.3) But the break in continuity in 1914 was far more violent.4) The year 1914 looks to us now and looked even in the 1920s as the end of a long period of largely peaceful development broken suddenly and catastrophically.5) In Europe at least the years before 1914 were viewed with understandable nostalgia by those who after them knew no real peace.6) The period between the wars marks a decline in the development of human culture if it is compared with that sustained and fruitful period which makes the nineteenth century seem a unique human achievement so powerful that it persisted even during the war which broke it to a degree which seems astonishing to us now.
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第二次世界大战在某些方面不像第一次世界大战那样产生了诸多新奇事物和天才伟人。当然，它是一场更大的战争，卷入的地区更广，改变世界社会和政治结构的激烈程度至少不亚于第一次世界大战，或许更为激烈。但是1914年的时势突变更为剧烈。1914年就我们现在看来，甚至二十年代的人看来，标志了一个长期来基本上是和平发展时期的结束，这个时期的结束是如此的突然和灾难性。至少在欧洲有些人抱着怀旧的心情看待1914年前的岁月
是可以理解的，因为他们知道此后就没有真正的和平了。如果和十九世纪相比，两次大战之间的那一段时期标志着人类文化发展的一个衰退。十九世纪由于那段持续发展和硕果累累的时期似乎成为人类的一个独特的成就。那段时期的成就是如此之大，就是后来发生大战，还是在大战期间继续发展。我们当代人似乎也为之惊叹。
33. Specialisations in Sciences
1)One must recognize the very considerable multiplication of disciplines in the sciences
which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous numbers of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined.2) Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals which enable scholars to become aware of what is happening in different centers of research and to meet each other in conferences.3) From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost schemes of cooperation.4) But a the specializations have increased in number and narrowed in range there has been an opposite movement towards interdisciplinary studies.5) These owe much to the belief that one cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world and by the modern world and by recent advantages in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline.6) This trend has led to a great deal of academic contact between disciplines and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of specialist knowledge reflected in the broad subjects chosen in many international conferences.
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必须认识到在各门科学中出现了许许多多的分支学科，这些学科通过开拓高精尖研究的领域，产生了一大批他们有自己特别课题的专家。与此同时出现了越来越多的学术专刊，这就使得学者们可以了解其他地方的研究情况，并在国际大会上磁头交流。这种接触产生了他们个人之间的友谊，继而出现了几乎所有的合作计划。但是随着分支学科和专家的数量越来越多，研究的范围越来越狭窄，出现了另一种相反的倾向，这就是跨学科的研究。这主要基于这样一种看法：由于现代世界的发展和单一学科的狭窄领域方面的研究进展，出现了一些极其复杂的难题，而单凭一两人是不能对它们进行很好的研究的。这种跨学科研究倾向的结果是加强了学科间的学术联系，和更重视了各专家知识的交流。这可以从许多国际会议所选择的广泛的研究课题中看出。
34. The Choice of Life
1) The lives of most men are determined by their environment.2) They accept the circumstances amid which fate has thrown them not only with resignation but even with good will.3) They are like streetcars running contentedly on their rails and they despise the motorcycle that dashes in and out of the traffic and speeds so jauntily across the open country.4) I respect them; they are good citizens good husbands and good fathers and of course somebody has to pay the taxes; but I don’t find them exciting.5) I am fascinated by the men few enough in all conscience who take life in their own hands and seem to mould it to their own liking.6) It may be that we have no such thing as free will but at all events we gave the illusion of it.7) At a cross-road it does seem to us that we might go either to the right or the left and the choice once made it is difficult to see that whole course of the world’s history obliged us to take the turning we did.
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对大多数人来说，生活是由环境决定的。他们在命运拔弄面前，不仅逆来顺受，甚至还能随遇而安。这些人犹如街上的有轨电车，满足于在自己的轨道上运行，而对于那些不时在
车流中进进出出，和欢快地奔驶在旷野上的摩托车不屑一顾。我尊重这些人：他们是守法的公民，尽职的丈夫，慈祥的父亲。当然，总得有人交纳税款，可是我并不觉得他们使人振奋，另有一些人把生活掌握在自己手里，似乎在按照自己的意愿创造生活，尽管这样的人的确寥寥无几，他们却深深地吸引了我。或许生活中没有可按自己意愿干的事，但不管如何，它确实存在于我们的幻想中。站在十字路口，我们确实似乎可在左右两条道路中任选其一。一旦选定后，很难认识到，那实际是世界历史整个进程左右了我们的选择。
35. Science Fiction
1) Moreover if SF is the laboratory of the imagination its experiments are often of the kind that may significantly alter the subject matter even as they are being carried out.2) That is SF has always had a certain feedback effect on society as its visions emotionally engage the future consciousness of the mass public regarding especially desirable and undesirable possibilities.3) The shape a society takes in the present is in part influenced by its image of the future.4) For that matter some individuals in recent years have even shaped their own life-style after appealing models provided by SF stories.5) The diffusion of SF futuristic images of alternative societies through the media of movies and television may have speeded up and augmented SF’s social feed back effects.6) Thus SF is not only change speculator but change agent sending an echo from the future that is becoming into the present that is sculpting it.7) This fact alone makes imperative in any education system the study of the kinds of works discussed here.
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而且，如果科幻小说确实是遐想实验室的话，那么它的实验往往是还在进行中就能大大改变研究的课题。这就是说，科幻小说总是对社会起到某种反馈作用。因为它所想象的东西在情感上激起了在众对未来社会出现好的或坏的种种可能性的关注。在某种程度上现在庆祝会的模式就是受它对未来社会模式的构想所影响的。在这方面，近几年来出现一些人，他们就是模仿科幻小说里颇具吸引力的生活模式去塑造自己的生活方式。科幻小说描写的各种社会的未来形象通过电影、电视媒体得到广为传播，这或许就加快和增强了科幻小说对社会的反馈作用。因此科幻小说不仅仅构思变化，而且还直接影响变化，通过描写未来，把诱人的未来全盘到正在形成未来的现在社会中。仅此事实就说明了在任何教育体系中开展对这类作品研究的必要性。
36. Scientific Research
1) The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes.2) Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs.3) Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.4) Some however are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconceptions of the form scientific theory ought to take by persons in authority act to alter the growth pattern of different areas.5) This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trrnd.6) This trend began during the Second World War when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.7) It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine or machine to be kept in functional order.
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造成不同领域里的科学研究的发展相对不平衡是有多方面的原因的。有些完全是由于社会需要的必然结果，另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果。然而，还有一些并不完全是不同发展的必然过程，因为在这些发展中，当权者对科学理论应当形成的方式的偏见往往改变了不同科研领域里的发展规律。这是一个新的问题，但
不是不可避免的。但这是一个可怕的趋势。这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府要向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。因此，把科研机构看作是一种资源或让其保持正常运转的机器一般说来是很重要的。
37. On Anxiety
1) This is the world out of which grows the hope for the first time in history of a society where there will be freedom from want and freedom from fear.2) Our very anxiety is born of our knowledge of what is now possible for each and for all.3) The number of people who consult psychiatrists today is not as is sometimes felt a symptom of increasing mental ill health but rather the precursor of a world in which the hope of genuine mental health will be open to everyone a world in which no individual feels that he needs be hopelessly broken—hearted a failure a menace to others or a traitor to himself.4) But if our anxieties are actually signs of hope why is there such a voice of discontent abroad in the land?5) I think this comes perhaps because our anxiety exists without an accompanying recognition of the tragedy which will always be inherent in human life however well we build our world.6) We may banish hunger violence and secret police we cannot—as we have tried to do—banish death itself
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有史以来第一次，这个世界有望成为一个没有贫困、没有恐惧的社会。由于每个人，所有的人都知道自己的命运，我们的焦虑也就由此产生。今天这么多的人去找精神病医生咨询并不像人们常常感到的那样说明了越来越多的人患精神病，而只是预示着这样一个世界的到来：在那里，真正精神健康的希望之门将对每个人开放。他不必因为自己失败了给人造成威胁了，或背叛了自己的信仰而伤心欲绝，感到无可救药了。但是如果我们的焦虑是希望的象征，为什么到处还听到这样一种不满的声音呢？我认为这可能是我们焦虑的同时没有认识到这一点，即无论我们把这个世界建设得如何好，人类生活始终摆脱不了自身的悲剧。我们可以消灭饥饿，消灭暴力，消灭秘密警察，但我们无法，虽然一直在努力，使人不死。
38. Induction and Deduction
1) Yon have heard repeatedly that men of science work by means of induction and deduction that by the help of these operations they in a sort of sense manage to extract from nature certain natural laws and that out of these by some special skill of their own they build up their theories.2) There is a well-known incident in one of Moliere’s plays where the author makes the hero express unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose during the whole of his life.3) In the same way I trust that you will take comfort and be delighted with yourselves on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy during the same period.4)Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning of the very same kind though differing in degree as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.
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你们已多次听到过，科学家是用归纳法和演绎法工作的，他们用这些方法，在某种意义上说，力求从自然界找出某些自然规律，然后根据这些规律，用自己的某种非同一般的本领，建立起他们的理论。在莫里哀的戏剧中有一个大家熟悉的情节。莫里哀让主人公听到他一生中一直在用散文讲话后表现出一种狂喜。同样，我相信，当你发现自己一身中也按照归纳和演绎的哲学原理行事时也会得意和兴奋。大概这里不会有人一整天都没有机会进行一连串的复杂的思考活动，这些思考活动和科学家在探索自然现象原因时所进行的思考活动在类型上是完全一样的，尽管复杂程度有所不同.
39. Talks on Science
1) In earliest times when the field of available knowledge was comfortably small and its advance slow the lover of learning might hope to explore the greater part of it.2) Today when it is not only driving ahead at a bewildering speed but tunneling back into wider and wider and wider areas of the past even the most dogged adventurer can not hope to explore more than a small fraction of the vast continent.3) In our listening as in our other intellectual activities we must pick and choose.4) But nobody can afford to ignore modern science.5) Its intricate processes are of course far above the heads of most of us bur we can at least grasp something of its conclusions and theories and their implications and the B.B.C. provides opportunities to do so in numerous talks and discussions many of them of outstanding excellence.6) When listening to all but the simplest scientific programs I find it essential to take notes.7) Such listening is no easy self-indulgence.8) But often I am rewarded by new and exciting ideas which stimulate my mind and enrich my outlook on life.
39参考译文
早些时候，知识的领域不大，掌握起来并不太困难，知识发展又慢，喜欢学习的人大可希望探索其中的大部分。而今天当知识的领域向前推进的速度越来越快，向后挖掘的历史隧道越来越宽。甚至连最百折不挠的，富有开拓精神的人也只能希望探索这个巨大知识大陆的一小部分。在我们收听中，就如我们在其他的学习活动中，我们必须有选择。但是没有人可以忽略现代科学。当然，现代科学的一些结论和理论，和结论、理论的含义。而英国广播公司在组织的无数谈话和讨论中提供了许多机会，让我们做到这一点，许多讨论是相当好的。除了极其简单的，听听有其他科学节目，我发现作笔记是必要的。这种收听并不舒服。但是我经常得到回报，接受的和精彩的观念激发了我的思想，丰富了我对人生的看法。
40. The Presidency
1) The Presidency has survived hard times and ordinary men before and so has the romance Americans attach to it—the dream that it can still be made to work wonders if only Mr. Right comes along.2) A sizable number of scholars and practitioners of Presidential power still believe that the fault lies not in the office but in the men who have lately held it.3) Kennedy in this view was cut down before he had a fair chance at President ing and his successors fell victim to their own deficiencies of skill honor of leadership.4) The powers available to an Abra ham Lincoln of a Franklin Roosevelt are still there says Prof. Richard of Columbia University waiting only for ―someone who knows how to be President.‖5) Those who admire Reagan believe that he is the man.6) Those who do not are still waiting for Mr. Right—and in rising chorus lamenting the state of a political process that somehow presented the voters with a choice between Reagan and Carter instead.
40参考译文
总统其职，历尽艰难时代，淘汰平庸之辈，一直延续到今。美国人还是对它抱有浪漫的看法：梦想只要一旦有某位“合适先生”问世，它仍然能够创造出赫赫的奇迹来。不少学者和参与过总统行政工作的人仍然认为，问题不在总统其职，而在于近些年来在这个职位上的人。照这些人看来，肯尼迪本来很有希望在总统任上大展宏图的，可惜惨遭暗算而夭折。其后的继任者们，或者无能，或者无耻，或者拙于领导艺术，而告失败。哥伦比亚大学的理查德教授说，林肯或罗斯福之辈的大权还在那里，只是等待“一位会当总统的人”去用。里根的崇拜者认为里根即其人也。而他的反对者们还在等待别的“合适先生”问世，他们都异口同声地哀叹现在的政治制度只能让选民在里根和卡特之间挑选。
41. Ideas Are Dangerous
1) I do not doubt that it would be possible to inject ideas into the modern world that would
篇高中文言文翻译训练附翻译
文言文2 段训练 1、盲苦 有盲子道涸溪。桥上失坠，两手攀楯 （栏杆上的横 木 ），兢兢握固，自 分（料想）失手必堕深渊矣。过者告曰：“毋 怖，第（只管）放下即实地也。” 盲子不信，握楯长号。久之，力惫，失乎坠地。乃自哂曰：“嘻！早知即实地，何久自苦耶！”夫大道甚夷。沈空守寂（指陷在空想中），执一隅以自矜 严（矜持自负）者，视此省哉！ 2、贵天 桓公问管仲曰：“王者何贵？”曰：“贵天。”桓公仰而视天。管仲曰： “所谓天者，非谓苍苍莽莽之天也。君人者以百姓为天，百姓与之则安， 辅之则强，非之则危，背之则亡。”诗云：“人而无良，相怨一方。”民 怨其上，不遂王者，为之有也. 3、陈述古祠钟 陈述古密直知建州浦城县日，有人失物，捕得莫知的为盗者。述古乃 绐之曰：“某庙有一钟，能辨盗，至灵。”使人迎置后阁祠之，引群囚立 钟前，自陈：“不为盗者，摸之则无声；为盗者，摸之则有声。述古自率同职，祷钟甚隙。祭讫，以帷围之，乃阴使人以墨涂钟。良久，引囚逐一 令引手入帷摸之，出乃验其手，皆有墨，唯有一囚无墨，讯之，遂承为盗。 盖恐钟有声，不敢摸也。？ 4、方子振学弈 人多言："方子振小时嗜弈，尝于月下见一老人，谓方曰：’孺子喜弈乎？诚喜，明当候我唐昌观中。’明日方往，则老人已在。老人怒曰：’曾
谓与长者期，而迟迟若此乎？当于诘朝更期于此。’方念之曰：’圯上老人意也。’方明日五鼓而往，观门未启，斜月犹在。老入俄翩然曳杖而来，曰： ‘孺子可与言弈矣。’因布局于地，与对四十八变，每变不过十余着耳。由是海内遂无敌者。"余过清源，因觅方问此。方曰："此好事者之言也。余 年八龄，便喜对弈。时已从塾师受书，每余常课，必先了竟，且语师曰： '今皆弟子余力，请以事弈。’塾师初亦惩挞禁之，后不复能禁。日于书案下置局布算。年至十三，天国下遂无敌手。"此盖专艺入神，管夷吾所谓： "鬼神通之，而不必鬼神者也！ 5、仲尼之贤如天高 齐景公谓子贡曰:“子谁师？”曰：“臣师仲尼。”公曰：“仲尼贤乎？”对曰：“贤。”公曰：“其贤何若？”对曰：“不知也。”公曰： “子知其贤，而不知其奚若，可乎？”对曰：“今谓天高，无少长愚智者 皆知高。高几何？皆曰不知也。是以知仲尼之贤而不知其奚若。” 6、君子之学美其身 君子之学也，入乎耳，著乎心，布乎四体，形乎动静。端而言，软而 动，一可以为法则。小人之学也，入乎耳，出乎口。口耳之间，贝U四寸耳。 曷足以美七尺之躯哉！古之学者为己，今人学者为人。君子之学也，以美 其身；小人之学也，以为禽犊。故不问而告谓之傲；问一而告二，谓之噴。 傲，非也；噴，非也；君子如响矣。《荀子?劝学篇》 7、运斤成风 庄子送葬，过惠子之墓，顾谓从者曰：’郢人垩慢其鼻端若蝇翼，使匠石斫之。匠石『运斤成风』，听而斫之，尽垩而鼻不伤，郢人立不失容
段落翻译练习-汉译英答案
汉译英： 1徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全 国。他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书 本上的结论。他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多很不可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全 靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多 奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名 山，反复观察变换的奇景。 Xu Xiake toured and investigated 16 provinces in his lifetime, covering almost the whole of China/ the whole country. When he was carrying out his investigations, he never took blind belief in the conclusions in the books. Instead he found a lot of unreliable points in the geographic records taken by his predecessors. In order to make his investigations reliable and thorough, he seldom traveled by carriage or boat. Instead, he took long, arduous trips on foot almost all the time, climbing mountains and hills. In order to learn about the truth of nature, he always chose to conduct investigations in mountainous areas with dangerous roads and in lonely / untraveled woods, where he discovered a lot of magnificent peaks and beautiful sights. ( During his life time, Xu Xiake visited and explored 16 provinces, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. He never blindly accepted the conclusions given in books in his exploration. He found that many of the geographical records by other people before him were inaccurate ( He found many inaccuracies in the travel notes on geography written by his predecessors ) . He seldom traveled by horse cart or boat but climbed mountains and ridges and took long, difficult journeys most of the time
自动化专业英语课文重点句子翻译(精)
In the case of a resistor, the voltage-current relationship is given by Ohm’s law, which states that the voltage across the resistor is equal to the current through the resistor multiplied by the value of the resistance. 就电阻来说, 电压—电流的关系由欧姆定律决定。欧姆定律指出:电阻两端的 电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。 2]It may be that the inductor voltage rather than the current is the variable of interest in the circuit. 或许在电路中,人们感兴趣的变量是电感电压而不是电感电流。 Viewed in this light, it will be found that the analysis of three-phase circuits is little more difficult than that of single-phase circuits. 这样看来,三相电路的分析比单相电路的分析难不了多少。 At unity power factor, the power in a single-phase circuit is zero twice each cycle. 在功率因数为 1时,单相电路里的功率值每个周波有两次为零。 It should be noted that if the polarity of point Awith respect to N ( is assumed for the positive half-cycle, then when used in the same phasor diagram should be drawn opposite to, or 180? out of phase with, . 应该注意,如果把 A 点相对于 N 的极性(定为正半周,那么在用于同一相量图中时就应该画得同相反,即相位差为 180? One problem with electronic devices corresponding to the generalized amplifiers is that the gains, AU or AI, depend upon internal properties of the two-port system. 对应于像广义放大器这样的电子装置,一个问题就是增益 AU 或者 AI ,它们取决于两输入端系统的内部特性。
2016年6月四级段落翻译(汉译英)
2016年6月大学英语四级段落翻译预测 大学英语四级段落翻译预测一 别在意外表，因为外表的东西往往不真实，也别在意财富，因为再多的财富也会有用完的一天。找一个能让你绽放笑容的人，因为一个笑容就能让灰暗的一天变得明亮。去做你想做的梦，去你想去的地方，成为你想成为的人，因为人生短暂，机会错过了可能就不会再有。只有不断的尝试才能让你变得强大，永远怀抱希望你才会开心，幸福。 Don’t go for looks which often deceive you. Don’t go for wealth which would be used up however amazing it is. Go for someone who will make you smile because a smile is enough to render a dark day bright. Dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; become the one you want to be, because one’s life is short and once you let the chance slip through your fingers it may not come to you again. Only when you keep trying can you become strong; only when you cherish hopes can you remain cheerful and happy. 大学英语四级段落翻译预测二 七夕节——中国人的情人节 中国人也有一天是奉献给爱情的。这就是农历七月初七的七夕节，常被人成为中国的情人节。这一传统浪漫节日源自一个古老的传说：年轻的牛郎和织女分居银河的两岸，终年隔岸苦苦相望而无法相会。玉皇大帝可怜这对恋人，传令天下喜鹊在七月初七这天夜晚全部飞到银河上来。架起鹊桥，好让牛郎、织女在桥上相会。 “Qi Xi Jie” ----Chinese Valentine’s Day The Chinese also have a day devoted to “love” that is “Qi Xi Jie”, or the seventh of the seventh month on the Chinese lunar calendar. Often called “Chinese Valentine’s Day”. This romantic traditional festival originated from a old legend: Niu Lang and Zhi Nv were fairies living on opposite sides of the Milky Way. They have been waiting for each other for a year but can not meet. Feeling sorry for the two lonely sprites, the Jade Emperor ordered all magpies must flock over the Milky Way to form a bridge so that the couple could meet there on the seventh night of the seventh month. 大学英语四级段落翻译预测三
2020届高考文言文翻译训练(小片段)
2020届高考文言文翻译训练 一、二人并走 （前秦符融为冀州牧）有姥者逼劫于路，喝贼，路人为逐擒之。①贼反诬路人，时已昏黑，莫知其孰是，乃俱送之。融见而笑曰：“此易知耳，可二人并走，先出凤阳门者非贼。”既而还入，融正色谓后出者曰：“汝真贼也，何诬人乎？”贼遂服罪。②盖以贼若善走，必不被擒，故知不善走者贼也。《晋书·符融传》 二、卧薪尝胆 勾践之围会稽也，喟然叹曰：“吾终于此乎?”种曰：“汤系夏台，文王囚羑里，晋重耳奔翟，齐小白奔莒，其卒王霸。①由是观之，何遽不为福乎?”吴既赦越，越王勾践反国，乃苦身焦思，置胆于坐，坐卧即仰胆，饮食亦尝胆也。曰：“②女志会稽之耻邪?”身自操作，夫人自织，③食不加肉，衣不重采，折节下贤人，厚宾客，赃贫吊死，与百姓同其劳。 三、孟子少时(汉韩婴《韩诗外传》) 孟子少时，东家杀豚，孟子问其母曰：“东家杀豚何为？”①母曰“欲啖汝。”其母自悔而言，曰：“吾怀娠是子，席不正不坐；割不正不食，胎之教也。②今适有知而欺之，是教之不信也。”乃买东家豚肉以食之，明不欺也。 四、小时了了 孔文举年十岁，随父到洛。时李元礼有盛名，为司隶校尉;诣门者、皆俊才清称及中表亲戚乃通。文举至门，谓吏曰：“我是李府君亲。”既通，前坐。元礼问曰：“君与仆有何亲?”对曰：“①昔先君仲尼与君先人伯阳有师资之尊，是仆与君奕世为通好也。”元礼及宾客②莫不奇之。太中大夫陈韪后至，人以其语语之，韪曰：“小时了了，大未必佳。”文举曰：“想君小时，必当了了。”韪大踧踖(cù jí不安)。
五、袁虎少贫 袁虎少贫，①尝为人佣，载运租。谢镇西经船行，其夜清风朗月，闻江诸闲估客船上有咏诗声，甚有情致；所诵五言，又其所未。尝闻，叹美不能已。②即遣委曲讯问，乃是袁自咏其所作咏史诗。因此相要，大相赏得。 六、魏文侯问李克 魏文侯问李克：“吴之所以亡者何也?” 李克对曰：“数战数胜。”文侯曰：“数战数胜，国之福也，①兵以此亡者何也?”李克曰：“数战则民疲，数胜则主骄，以骄主制疲民，此其所以亡也。②是故好战穷兵，未有不亡者也。” 七、枯梧树 邻父有与人邻者，有枯梧树，①其邻之父言梧树之不善也，邻人遽阀之，邻父因请而以为薪。其人不说曰：“邻者若此其险也，岂可为之邻哉！”此有所宥也，夫请以为薪与弗请，此不可以疑枯梧树之善与不善也。 八、攫金者 齐人有欲得金者，①清旦被衣冠，往鬻金者之所，见人操金，攫而夺之。吏搏而束缚之，问曰：“人皆在焉，子攫人之金，何也？”对曰：“殊不见人，徒见金耳！”
英语专业 综合英语翻译句子答案
1.Our big old house was closely related with the joys and sorrows of four generations. 2.I planted these roses a long, long time ago before your mother was born. 3.Many sons left home to fight against the Fascist Nazi. 4.Take the first friendly greeting and always keep it deep in your heart. 1.He has prepared answers to the questions that he expects to confront during the interview. 2.His sad story touched us so deeply that we nearly cried. 3.The two of them are walking hand in hand along the river bank, chatting, laughing, and looking happy. 4.When he heart the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes. 5.People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common. 6.Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years. 7.He finally gave in to his daughter’s repeated requests to further her education abroad. 8.We locked all our valuables away before we went on holiday. 9.Although we have parted from eah other, I hope that we will remain good friends and that we will care for and help each other just as we did in the past. 10.At that critical moment, the army commander summoned all the officers to work out new strategies and tactics which would make it possible to conquer the enemy. Unit 2 1.A gracious manner adds the greatest splendour to your image. 2.I firmly believed the note my guest sent me didn’t take long to write. 3.The simple phrase “Excuse me.” made most of your irritation disappear. 4.Being on time is a virtue which belongs not only to the past but also to the present. 5.Y ou shouldn’t accept the other person’s presence without thinking of its importance. 6.Good manners produce the same feelings or actions in others. 1.I am sorry I am late; I was at a meeting and couldn’t get away. 2.At the concert whnever a singer finished singing a beautiful song, the audience would burst into loud cheers to show their appreciation. 3.As a stylish dresser, she is always wearing stylish clothes, but she seldom cares about what she eats or drinks. 4.The nurse tells me that the doctors have done wonders for your heart disease. 5.When awarding the prize, the chairman complimented the winner on his great contribution to mankind. 6.This problem has bothered the experts for many years. 7.The crowd of demonstrators melted away when the police arrived. 8.Since punctuality is a good habit, we should pay much attention to it and make great efforts to cultivate this good habit. 9.The old man cherishes that girl, as if she were his own daughter. 10.It is just a routine physical checkup, nothing to get worried about.
高三语文文言小文段翻译训练
供稿：山东省阳信第二高级中学单云军251800 文言小文段翻译训练 【学前指导】 文言文翻译的要求是“信、达、雅”。“信”是说要把古人文章的意思“原汁原味”忠实地表达出来；“达”是说翻译出来后事理要通达，表述要晓畅；“雅”是说要把古人作文、说话的“妙处”表现出来。对于高考文言翻译，特别强调“直译”。直译就是忠实于原文的内容和文章的意韵，用现代汉语字字落实、句句落实到译文中去，表达的方式和风格也要同原文保持一致。为强化对此法的要求，便于记忆，可熟记这段顺口溜：文言翻译重直译，字字句句要落实；各类名词可照抄，古义现代词语替；被动省略补清楚，倒装成分把位移；遇到虚词想周详，把准语气要流利。 如果从操作层次讲，文言文翻译还可用这几个词来概括其方法： 留：人名、地名、职称、物称、年号等，照搬不译。 替：找出最恰当的现代汉语词语替换古义词。 移：调整倒装的语序，如宾语前置、状语后置、定语后置、主谓倒装等。 补：补出省略句中省去的部分。 删：删去不需译、不能译的个别词语，如发语词等。 猜：对多义实词在文中的准确义项，尤其是未曾露面的某一个词的意义，需要根据上下文合理猜测。 【实战演练】（特别注意加点的词） 一、阅读下列短文，翻译划线句子。 鹬蚌相争 赵且．伐燕。苏代为燕谓惠王曰：“今者臣来过易水，蚌方．出曝而鹬啄其肉，蚌合而钳其喙。鹬曰：‘今日不雨，明日不雨，即有死蚌。’蚌亦谓鹬曰：‘今日不出，明日不出，即有死鹬。’①两者不肯相舍．，渔者得而并禽 ．．之。②今赵且伐燕，燕赵久相支，以弊大众，臣恐强秦之为渔父也。③故愿王之熟．计之也！”惠王曰：“善。”乃止。 翻译：①＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ②＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ③＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿二、阅读下列短文，翻译划线句子。 孟子谓齐王曰：“王之臣有托其妻子 ．．于其友而之．楚游者，比．其反．也，则冻馁其妻子，则如之何？”王曰：“弃．之。”曰：“士师①不能治士，则如之何？”王曰：“已之②。”曰：“四境之内不治，则如之何？”王顾左右而言他。 注：①士师：古代的司法官。②已之：已，停止。“已之”是使动用法句式，使他停职，也就是把他撤职。 翻译： ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
研究生专业英语第一到第六单元句子翻译修改版
Unit 1 1. 他相当足球明星的梦想随着时间的推移慢慢消退了。 His dream of becoming a football star faded out as time went by. 2. 一架波音747 飞机没有升到足够的高度以飞越那座高山，转瞬间一头撞向大山爆炸了。机上无人生还。 A Boeing 747 aircraft didn 't gain enough height to clear the mountain. In a twinkling, it crashed into the mountain and blew up. No one survived the accident. 3. 学生们可以很容易地获得图书馆的资源，所以他们应该充分地利用好图书馆。Students have easy access to the resources in the library, so they are supposed to make the best of it. 4. 当时世界上最豪华的游轮泰坦尼克号在她前往美国的途中撞到了冰山，结果轮船沉没在大西洋中，成百上千的人死于这场海难。 Titanic, the most luxurious ship in the world at that time , hit an iceberg when she was under way to the US. Consequently, the ship sank into the Atlantic Ocean and thousands of people died in this shipwreck. 5. 每天夏天，游客们都涌向这一著名的海滩。来此享受日光浴的游客像沙丁鱼一样挤满了海滩。 Every summer, all the tourists pour into this famous beach. They lie packed like sardines on the beach to enjoy the sunbathing. 6. 他们曾经到圣路易斯去过一次，对于哪里的新奇事物稍微知道一个大概，可是现在他们的光荣时代已经成过去了。他们从此自知没趣，再也不说话了，而且每逢这个毫不留情的机匠走过来的时候，他们就知道赶快躲开。 The have been to St. Louis once and have a vague general knowledge of its wonders, but the day of their glory is over now. They lapse into humble silence and learn to disappear when the ruthless engineer approaches. Unit 2 1. 有些网络专家认为因特网可以防止战争、减少污染，还能克服种种形式的不平等。Some cyber gurus claim that the Internet will prevent wars, reduce pollution, and combat various forms of inequality. 2. 不可否认，因特网可以增进交流，但他却无法消除战争，因为战争的爆发并不仅仅是由于不同种族间缺乏充分理解而引起的。 Although the Internet undeniably fosters communication, it will not put an end to war, since wars are by no means caused simply by the failure of different peoples to understand each other adequately. 3. 只有当网上的活动能够真正取代现实世界中的行为时，因特网才能帮助节约能源，减少污染。 The Internet can help reduce energy consumption and pollution only if doing things online genuinely displaces real-world activities. 4. 穷人不用因特网并不是因为他们买不起，而是因为他们缺乏必要的技能来有效地利用它，所以提高老百姓的文化水平要比给他们提供上网机会更有意义。 The poor are not shunning the Internet because they cannot afford it. The problem is that they lack the skills to exploit it effectively. Therefore, it makes more sense to aim for universal literacy than universal Internet access.
翻译段落练习
这几段翻译中有几段比较难，建议大家练习时不要气馁，一定养成完整翻译的习惯，对不会表达的词或句子片段，可以以类似的表达来替代，注意整段译文的完整性。一定要先自己试着翻完，再去看参考答案。 1.过去的七年，中国的房地产（real estate）业经历了前所未有的高速增长。对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。鉴于这一状况，政府近来采取了一系列的措施来防止房价过快增长，包括提高利率及增加房产税等。目前，这些措施在部分城市已经取得了初步的成效。 In the past seven years, China’s real estate industry has developed in a record high speed. For those who earn less but are eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford. For this reason, the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from rising too fast, including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real estate etc. Presently, these measures have achieved initial effects in some cities. 2.现在大学生的学习压力相当重。除了大四他们开始找工作了，其余的学生总是忙于学习，而不愿参加校园团体和俱乐部，不愿参加体育锻炼和其他课外活动，不愿与他们的朋友玩玩，不愿关心和学习没有关系的事。他们学习太紧张，几乎没有时间好好品尝生活，干些其他事，成为一个全面发展的人。读大学使他们失去太多的个人幸福和健康。 College students now bear heavy academic pressure. You will find them----except seniors who are beginning to look for a job----always to busy in studies to join campus organizations, too busy to take part in sports and other extracurricular activities, too busy to share interests of their friends and too busy to pay attention anything that is connected with their studies. They study so hard that they have hardly had time to savor life and to pursue other interests to grow as well-rounded people. The pursuit of college education costs them too much personal happiness and health. 3.上海是中国重要的经济、金融、贸易、科技、信息和文化中心。作为一座历史文化名城，上海以她独特的风韵吸引了数以百万的海内外游客。上海同时也是美食家的乐园，尤其是上海的本帮菜，特别是受到海外人士的青睐。最引人入胜的建筑当属黄浦江畔的东方明珠塔。登上观光层，或俯视浦江对岸的外滩万国建筑博览群，或举目鸟瞰全市，无限风光，尽收眼底，令人心旷神怡，流连忘返。 Shanghai is China’s important center of economy, finance, trade, science and technology, information and culture. As a noted historic and cultural city, Shanghai attracts millions of tourists from home and abroad with its unique charm. Shanghai is also a cherished paradise gourmets; its local cuisine enjoys particular popularity among overseas visitors. The most attractive work of architecture is no other than the Oriental Pearl Tower standing by the bank of the Huangpu River. Mounting the observation floor and looking around, you’ll admire the view of the famous Bund
经典英文段落翻译__英译汉15篇
1.意大利著名旅行家马可。波罗曾这样叙述他印象中的杭州：“这是世界上最美妙迷人的城市，它使人觉得自己社在天堂。”在中国，也流传着这样的话：“上有天堂，下有苏杭。”杭州的名气主要在于风景如画的西湖。西湖一年四季都美不胜收，宋代著名诗人苏东坡用“淡妆浓抹总相宜”的诗句来赞誉西湖。在杭州，您可以饱览西湖的秀色，也不妨漫步街头闹市，品尝一下杭州的名菜名点，还可购上几样名特土产。 The famous Italian traveler Marco Pole was so impressed by the beauty of Hangzhou that he described it as “the mist fascinating city in the world where one feels that one is in paradise.” In China, there has been a century-old popular saying praising the city: In Heaven there is Paradise; on Earth there are Suzhou and Hangz hou.” Hangzhou’s fame lies mainly in its picturesque West Lake. As it is beautiful all the year round, the West Lake was compared by Su Dongpo, a celebrated poet of the Song Dynasty, to a beauty “who is always charming in either light or heavy makeup.” In Hangzhou, you will not only find the lake a perfect delight to the eye but also find it a joy to stroll along the busy streets, taste famous Hangzhou dishes and buy some special local products. 2.在设备制造期间，雇主的代表有权对根据合同提供的全部工程设备的材料和工艺进行检查、研究和检验，同时检查其制造进度。这一切应在工作时间内于承包商的工厂里进行。如果工程设备正在其它第三方工厂制造，承包商应为卖方代表获得他能在该工厂进行此类检查、研究和检验的许可。此类检查、研究或检验不应解除承包商在合同中的任何义务。 The Employer’s representative shall be entitled during manufacture to inspect, examine and test the materials and workmanship and check the progress of manufacture of all Plants to be supplied under the Contract. This shall take place on the Contractor’s promises during working hours. If the plant is being manufactured on other premises, the Contractor shall obtain permission for the Employer’s representative to carry out such inspection, examination and testing on those premises. 3. 雇主或项目经理提交给承包商的雇主的图纸，技术规格以及其它资料仍应为雇主的财产。除非是为了合同的需要，未经雇主同意，承包商不得使用、复制这些材料或将之传递给第三方。 承包商应对承包商的图纸中的任何错误或遗漏负责，除非他们可归因与雇主或项目经理提供的不正确的雇主图纸或其它书面资料。项目经理对承包商的图纸的批准不应解除本款规定的承包商的任何责任。 The Employe r’s drawings, specification and other information submitted by the Employer or the Project Manager to the Contractor shall remain the property of the Employer. They shall not, without the consent of the Employer, be used, copied or communicated to a third party by the Contractor unless necessary for the purposes of the Contract. The Contractor shall be responsible for any errors or omissions in the Contractor’s Drawings unless they are due to incorrect Employer’s Drawings or other written information supplied by the Employer or the Project Manager. Approval by the Project Manager of the Contractor’s drawings shall not relieve the Contractor from any responsibility under this Sub-Clause.
英译汉段落翻译练习
Hollywood Hollywood suggests glamour, a place where the young starstruck teenagers could, with a bit of luck, fulfill their dreams. Hollywood suggests luxurious houses with vast palm-fringed swimming pools, cocktail bars and furnishings fit for a millionaire. And the big movie stars were millionaires. Many spent their fortunes on yachts, Rolls Royces and diamonds. A few of them lost their glamour quite suddenly and were left with nothing but emptiness and colossal debts. 好莱坞充满魅力。在这里，那些梦想当明星的少男少女们，若是有点儿运气，可以实现他们的梦想。好莱坞使人联想到棕榈树环绕的大游泳池、鸡尾酒吧和室内陈设时候百万富翁居住的豪华住宅。而大碗明星都是百万富翁。许多电影明星花巨资购买游艇、劳斯莱斯豪华轿车和钻石饰品。但也有少数的电影明星很快失去了光彩，剩下的只有空虚感和一屁股债。 Western (美国西部片) In those days Hollywood was like a magnet, drawing ambitious young men and women from all over the world. Most of them had only good looks to recommend them and had no acting experience —or ability— whatsoever. Occasionally they got jobs, if they were lucky enough to be noticed. Gary Cooper was one of the few who were noticed. He started as a stunt rider, and from there rose to be one of the great stars of the early Westerns.
英语汉译英段落翻译练习
英语汉译英段落翻译练习 过度包装浪费资源、污染环境、危害社会利益，于国家、社会和个人都是有百害而无一利，应坚决予以杜绝。要建立朴素的包装理念，提倡适度包装。建设节约型社会conservation-mindedsociety，社会、企业和个人都有责任。个人要建立绿色消费观，提倡朴素消费。如果人际交往中重情谊轻礼品，重实际轻面子，这样过度包装就没有生存的土壤。社会应加大宣传力度，引导朴素、理性的消费观念，培育健康的社会风貌。 参考翻译: Over-packaging should be forbidden due to itswasting resources, polluting the enviromnent,endangering social interest, which will do nothingbut harm to the country, society and individuals. Weshould establish the idea of packaging simply andadvocate proper package. It's the common responsibility of society, enterprises and individualsto construct a conservation-minded society. Individuals should build up. a view of greenconsumption and advocate plain-consuming. If everyone emphasizes friendship rather thangifts, content rather than surface in social relationship, over-packaging can by no means exist.Our society should further advocate the concept of plain and reasonable consuming so as tofoster a healthy social atmosphere. 信用卡credit card是由银行发行的卡，持卡人可以凭卡赊购buy on credit 商品和服务。使用信用卡最大的好处就是能给持卡人带来极大的方便。人们可以使用信用卡赊购他们需要的东西，并在一段时期内付淸欠款,而不必随身携带大量的现金。但如此的便利也带来了一些问题，如恶意透支malicious overdraft。还会剌激使用者超前消费，容易产生月光族。在消费的时候，使用信用卡会促使消费者更加冲动地购物，甚至购买一些平时不怎么用的商品。 参考翻译: A credit card is a card issued by a bank,allowing its holder to buy goods and services on credit.The most obvious advantage of credit card is the huge convenience it brings to card holders.People can use the cards to buy what they want on credit and pay off the debt over a period of time instead of carrying a large sum of cash with them.But such convenience also brings such problems as malicious overdraft and overconsumption which will easily reduce the card users to“moonlight group”.When shopping,consumers