军考大专生英语模拟

2016年军考大专生英语模拟试题

考试时长：120分钟；考试分数：100分

一．快速阅读（共10分，每小题1分）

If it weren't for nicotine, people wouldn't smoke tobacco. Why? Because of the more than 4000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, nicotine is the primary one that acts on the brain, altering people's moods, appetites and alertness in ways they find pleasant and beneficial. Unfortunately, as it is widely known, nicotine has a dark side: it is highly addictive. Once smokers become hooked on it, they must get their fix of it regularly, sometimes several dozen times a day. Cigarette smoke contains 43 known carcinogens, which means that long-term smoking can amount to a death sentence. In the US alone, 420,000 Americans die every year from tobacco-related illnesses.

Breaking nicotine addiction is not easy. Each year, nearly 35 million people make a concerted effort to quit smoking. Sadly, less than 7 percent succeed in abstaining for more than a year; most start smoking again within days. So what is nicotine and how does it insinuate itself into the

smoker's brain and very being?

The nicotine found in tobacco is a potent drug and smokers, and even some scientists, say it offers certain benefits. One is enhance performance. One study found that non-smokers given doses of nicotine typed about 5 percent faster than they did without it. To greater or lesser degrees, users also say nicotine helps them to maintain concentration, reduce anxiety, relieve pain, and even dampen their appetites (thus helping in weight control). Unfortunately, nicotine can also produce deleterious effects beyond addiction. At high doses, as are achieved from tobacco products, it can cause high blood pressure, distress in the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems and an increase in susceptibility to seizures and hypothermia.

First isolated as a compound in 1828, in its pure form nicotine is a clear liquid that turns brown when burned and smells like tobacco when exposed to air. It is found in several species of plants, including tobacco and, perhaps surprisingly, in tomatoes, potatoes, and eggplant (though in extremely low quantities that are pharmacologically insignificant for humans).

As simple as it looks, the cigarette is highly engineered nicotine delivery device. For instance, when tobacco researchers found that much of the nicotine in a cigarette wasn't released when burned but rather remained chemically bound within the tobacco leaf, they began adding substances such as ammonia to cigarette tobacco to release more nicotine. Ammonia helps keep nicotine in its basic form, which is more readily vaporised by the intense heat of the burning cigarette than the acidic form. Most cigarettes for sale in the US today contain 10 milligrams or more of nicotine. By inhaling smoke from a lighted cigarette, the average smoker takes 1 or 2 milligrams of vaporised nicotine per cigarette. Today we know that only a miniscule amount of nicotine is needed to fuel addiction. Research shows that manufacturers would have to cut nicotine levels in a typical cigarette by 95% to forestall its power to addict. When a smoker puffs on a lighted cigarette, smoke, including vaporised nicotine, is drawn into the mouth. The skin and lining of the mouth immediately absorb some nicotine, but the remainder flows straight down into the lungs, where it easily diffuses into the blood vessels lining the lung walls. The blood vessels carry the nicotine to the heart, which then pumps it directly to the brain. While most of the effects a smoker seeks occur in the brain, the heart takes a hit as well. Studies have shown that a smoker's first cigarette of the day can increase his or her heart rate by 10 to 20 beats a minute. Scientists have found that a smoked substance reaches the brain more quickly than one swallowed, snorted (such as cocaine powder) or even injected. Indeed, a nicotine molecule inhaled in smoke will reach the brain within 10 seconds. The nicotine travels through blood vessels, which branch out into capillaries within the brain.

Capillaries normally carry nutrients but they readily accommodate nicotine molecules as well. Once inside the brain, nicotine, like most addictive drugs, triggers the release of chemicals associated with euphoria and pleasure.

Just as it moves rapidly from the lungs into the bloodstream, nicotine also easily diffuses through capillary walls. It then migrates to the spaces surrounding neurons—ganglion cells that transmit nerve impulses throughout the nervous

system. These impulses are the basis for our thoughts, feelings, and moods. To transmit nerve impulses to its neighbor, a neurone releases chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters. Like nicotine molecules, the neurotransmitters drift into the so-called synaptic space between neurones, ready to latch onto the receiving neurone and thus deliver a chemical “message” that triggers an electrical impulse.

The neurotransmitters bind onto receptors on the surface of the recipient neurone. This opens channels in the cell surface through which enter ions, or charged atoms, of sodium. This generates a current across the membrane of the receiving cell, which completes delivery of the “message”. An accomplished mimic, nicotine competes with the neurotransmitters to bind to the receptors. It wins and, like the vanquished chemical, opens ion channels that let sodium ions into the cell. But there's a lot more nicotine around than the original transmitter, so a much larger current spreads across the membrane. This bigger current causes increased electrical impulses to travel along certain neurones. With repeated smoking, the neurones adapt to this increased electrical activity, and the smoker becomes dependent on the nicotine.

问题1~7，符合文章内容的填写Y；不符合文章内容的填写N；文章未提及的填写NG。

问题8~10，根据文章内容补充句子。

1. Although nicotine is probably the well-known chemical in cigarettes, it is not necessarily the one that changes the psyche of the smoker when cigarettes are smoked.

2. In spite of the difficulties, according to the text more than thirty-five million people a year give up smoking.

3. It has been shown that nicotine in cigarettes can improve people's abilities to perform some actions more quickly.

4. Added ammonia in cigarettes allows smokers to inhale more nicotine.

5. Snorted substances reach the brain faster than injected substances.

6. Nicotine dilates the blood vessels that carry it around the body.

7. Nicotine molecules allow greater electrical charges to pass between neurones.

8. Cigarette companies would have to cut the nicotine content in cigarettes by ________________ to prevent them from being addictive.

9. According to the passage, a cigarette can raise a smoker's heart rate by ______________ a minute.

10. In order to transmit nerve impulses to its neighbour, a neurone sends ________________ known as neurotransmitters. 二．选择填空（共20分，每小题1分）

11.We most prefer to say yes to the____of someone we know and like.

A.attempts

B.requests

C.doubts

D.promises

12. There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some____ and then let me know.

A.thought

B.support

C.protection

D.authority

13. He gave himself a new name to hide his____when he went to carry out the secret task.

A.emotion

B.talent

C.identity

D.treasure

14. When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ____and had a bad fall.

A.balance

B.chance

C.memory

D.place

15. —Go and say sorry to your Mom,Dave.

—I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my____.

A.requests

B.excuses

C.apologies

D.regrets

16. Some schools will have to make____in agreement with the national soccer reform.

A.judgments

B.adjustments

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/204670765.html,ments

D.achievements

17. One of the most effective ways to reduce____is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.

A.production

B.stress

C.energy

D.power

18.She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful____in last year’s election.

A.symbol

B.portrait

C.identity

D.statue

19.Wind is n ow the world’s fastest growing ____of power.

A.source

B.sense

C.result

D.root

20.—Did you finish reading that long novel?

—No, I ran out of ____. It’s too long and I only completed half of it.

A. sympathy

B. devotion

C. patience

D. strength

21. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ____all practical value bythe time they were finished.

A. could lose

B. would have lost

C. might lose

D. ought to have lost

22.According to the record, scientists found that temperatures of this summer are above____.

A.ordinary

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/204670765.html,mon

C.average

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/204670765.html,ual

23.The discussion topic of this conference ____ environmental protection problems.

A.focused on

B.put on

C. took on

D. carried on

24.I t’s her very cleverness_____ makes it difficult for her to work with.

A. what

B. for that

C. which

D. That

25. According to the regulation, many kinds of chemical ____ will be forbidden to dump into theriver directly.

A.submissions

B.substances

C.subjects

D.subordinates

26.—Did you sleep well last night?

—No, the loud noise from the street____ me awake for hours.

A. had kept

B. is keeping

C. has kept

D. kept

27.—Have you told your parents about your decision?

—Not yet. I can hardly imagine ____ they will react.

A. what

B. that

C. how

D. when

28.I think the biggest problem I banning smoking is____ people can buy cigarettes easily.

A. that

B. whether

C. where

D. how

29.They are known____ vitamins A, B, C which can help carry____ chemical changes within cells.

A.from, on

B.to, with

C.as, about

D.as, out

30.Most people didn't accept the theory when it was first____.

A. set about

B. set off

C. put forward

D. put out

三．阅读理解（共30分，每小题2分）

Passage 1

How much do you know about nutrition? If your knowledge is similar to that of foodshoppers who answered three surveys for the U. S. Food and Drug Administration, then youprobably share some wide-spread misinformation about nutrition. Check your answers to thefollowing statements. Is it true or false?

Statement 1: Fresh vegetables cooked at home are always more nutritious than canned orfrozen vegetables. False. The nutritional difference depends more on how vegetables are handledor prepared than in whether they are bought fresh or packaged. Overcooking, for example,destroys many nutrients. Vegetables cooked in too much water can lose a significant amount ofvitamins.

Statement 2: When dieting, avoid starchy(淀粉类) foods, such as bread or potatoes. False. Ifyou cut out starchy foods, such as peas, potatoes, bread, and rice, you cut out very good sources ofseveral B vitamins, Vitamin C, and other nutrients. Moreover, ounce for ounce, bread and potatoeshave fewer calories than sirloin steak and roast beef.

Statement 3: Taking extra vitamins beyond the recommended daily allowances won't giveyou more energy. True. It's widely believed that extra vitamins provide more energy. But takingmore than the body needs doesn't make it function better, just as overfilling your gas tank doesn'tmake your car run faster.

If you answered these questions correctly, you can for the time being consider yourself wellinformed about food and

nutrition by today's standards. But remember that nutrition is a complexand growing science and that today's beliefs may be changed as new information becomesavailable.

31. The first paragraph implies that many people ____.

A. are well informed about nutrition

B. don't care about nutrition

C. have much knowledge of nutrition

D. have incorrect ideas about nutrition

32. According to paragraph 2, which is NOT true about nutrition?

A. Overcooking destroys many nutrients.

B. It makes no difference how you prepare vegetables.

C. Both fresh and packaged vegetables are nutritious.

D. Vitamins in vegetable could be lost during cooking.

33.Which is a correct attitude towards starchy food?

A. Starchy foods are unnecessary in a balanced diet.

B. Bread and steak have the same amount of calories per ounce.

C. Valuable nutrients could be found in starchy foods.

D. Starchy foods include only peas, potatoes, bread and rice.

34. The description of "overfilling your gas tank" shows why ____.

A. one should take as much vitamins as possible

B. more than enough vitamins is unnecessary

C. vitamins cost as much as gas

D. doctors recommend allowance of vitamins

35. A good title for this article would be____.

A. Tips of Losing Weight Effectively

B. Test Your Nutrition IQ

C. Nutrition: A Complex Branch of Science

D. Misleading Nutrition Concepts

Passage 2

Long-time exposure to air pollution can lead to physical changes in the brain and cause trouble in learning and memory, and even anxiety. This is suggested by the results of new research on mice.

While other studies have shown the harmful effects of polluted air in the lungs and heart, this is the first to show the negative effect on the brain.

The team of Laura Fonken, Randy Nelson, from the Ohio State University, USA, has spread to the brain a previous line of research which found that fine particulate(微粒) matter floating in the air mainly because of air pollution caused by humans, causes swelling in much of the body, and may be related to high blood pressure problems, and some other diseases.

In the research Fonken and his colleagues exposed mice to polluted air for six hours each day, five days a week, over a period of 10 months, almost half the average life length of mice.

Polluted air contains fine particles created by cars, factories and natural dust. Fine particles of this kind are tiny, about 2.5 micrometers in diameter, or about one-thirtieth the width of a human hair. These particles can go deep into lungs and other organs.

The concentration of this particulate material to which they exposed mice is equal to the concentration at which people can be exposed in some polluted urban areas.

After a period of 10 months, the researchers got the animals to have a series of behavioral tests. Both the behavior of

mice and the results of neurological(神经的) tests done to them show that those within the polluted air had more problems in learning and memory, and higher levels of anxiety.

The results suggest that long-time exposure to polluted air can have measurable negative effects on the human brain and can cause a variety of mental health problems. This could have important consequences for those living and working in polluted urban areas.

36. The results of new research on mice first suggest that polluted air mainly does harm to.

A. normal organs

B. lungs and heart

C. mental health

D. blood pressure

37. What harmful effect of polluted air is mentioned in other studies?

A. The harmful effect on learning.

B. The harmful effect on all the organs.

C. The harmful effect on lungs and heart

D. The harmful effect on improving memory.

38. The bad effects of tiny particles in polluted air are those Except .

A. high blood pressure problems

B. making human hair thinner

C. different kinds of diseases

D. swelling in much of the body

39. From the last sentence we can infer that people living in polluted urban areas.

A. are likely to suffer from mental problems

B. can measure the negative effect on them

C. show little concern for air pollution

D. can be exposed to polluted air longer

40.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. Long-time Exposure to Air Pollution

B. Evidence and Concern of Air Pollution\

C. Measurable Effect on Human Brain

D. Mental Problems Caused by Air Pollution

Passage 3

Early system science is highly dependent on new tools. Earth system science involves observation and measurements on the Earth at all scales from the largest to the smallest. The huge amounts of data that are gathered come from many different locations and require special techniques for handling. Important new tools that facilitate Earth system science include satellite remote sensing（卫星遥感）, small deep-sea submarines（潜艇）, and geographic information systems.

Besides gathering evidence, satellite observations continually remind us that each part of the Earth interacts with and

is dependent on all other parts.

Earth system science was born from the realization of that interdependence. Satellite remote sensing makes possible observations at large scales, and in many cases, measurements of factors that could not otherwise be measured. For example, the ozone hole（臭氧洞）over Antarctica--the decrease in the concentration of ozone high in the atmosphere--is measured by remote sensing, as are changes in deserts, forests, and farmlands around the world. Such measurements can be used in many areas of specialization besides Earth system science. Archaeology（考古学）, for example, has benefited from satellite observations that reveal the traces of ancient trade routes across the Arabian Desert.

New tools for exploring previously inaccessible areas of the Earth have also added greatly to our knowledge of the Earth system. Small deep-sea submarines allow scientists to travel to the depths of the ocean. There they have discovered new species and ecosystems thriving near deep-sea vents that emit heat, sasses, and mineral-rich water.

New ways to store and analyze data about the Earth system is as important as new methods of measurement and exploration. Computer-based software programs known as geographic information systems, or GIS, allow a large number of data points to be stored along with their locations. These can be used to produce maps and to compare different sets of information gathered at different times. For example, satellite remote sensing images of a forest can be converted to represent stages in the forest's growth. Two such images, made at different times can be overlaid and compared, and the

changes that have taken place can be represented in a new image.

41. The word "facilitate" in Paragraph I is closest in meaning to ____.

A. enable

B. require

C. organize

D. examine

42. The author of the passage mentions that satellite observations are especially effective in ____.

of

those

I

but as a dance captain, I see a tradition that has inspired not only generations of little girls but a splendid company that continues to develop and grow-and inspires people every day to follow their dreams.

46. A. hobby B. plan C. dream D. word

47. A connected B. expanded C. exposed D. extended

48. A. rarely B. certainly C. probably D. consistently

49. A. director B. trainer C. leader D. dancer

50. A. symbol B. memory C. truth D. reality

51. A. bouncing B. dating C. turning D. tracking

52. A. lacks B. adds C. makes D. brings

53. A. while B. since C. until D. when

54. A. Cared B. Expected C. Asked D. Decided

55. A. motivated B. relaxed C. convinced D. astonished

56. A. challenges B. profits C. advantages D. adventures

57. A. put B. mix C. build D. pick

58. A. Attention B. association C. attraction D. adaptation

59. A. apart B. aside C. off D. back

60. A. over B. by C. with D. beyond

五、翻译（共15分，每小题3分）

61. 每当赢得重大比赛，都会问运动员们是如何获得成功的。

_____________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

62. 如果我是你，我会接受那位年轻人的建议。

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

63. 由于人类的过度捕猎，许多动物都已经灭绝了。

___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

64. 他把毕生精力花在研制抗癌的制药上。

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

65. 政府提出了一项新的政策，旨在保护城市里一些重要的历史遗迹。

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

五．书面写作（共10分）

请以“Young Generation Lacking of Striving Spirit”为题，写一篇不少于120 词的英语短文，谈谈你对此观点的看法。内容包括：1.社会上不少人认为，现在的青年学生拼搏精神不够。2.这种现象形成的原因是......

_________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

军考：士兵考学军考大致流程

军考：士兵考学军考大致流程 关键词：军考张为臻士兵军考大致流程军考备考军考培训 1.考前预备：包括调整心态，准备配套复习资料，包括长征出版社军考教材和配套教材解析，拓展训练等等。有条件的可以找军考辅导班预先学习等。 2.报名：在每年的三四月份，各部队开始逐级下达报名通知，准备参加考试的士兵填写报名表。 3.预考：也就是在填写报名表之后，各部队开始对报名准备考军校的战士进行预考，由于在部队考军校名额有限，预考的目的就是决定考试名额。但是也有些单位每年报考的士兵不多，名额足够，所以就不举行预考。体检、体能测试、政审之后直接参加全军统考。 4.集中复习：有些部队把士兵考军校作为一项重要工作来抓，对通过预考的学员苗子进行集中组织复习，统计发现，组织集中复习的部队战士比自学的战士考上军校的通过率整整高两倍!经张为臻老师的团队培训的部队战士考上军校的通过率整整高十倍!可见，在部队考军校的战士掌握住复习方法是多么的重要。但是还有很多部队由于各下属驻地不是很密集、战士工作的特殊性等原因没有条件组织集中复习。 5.政审：在部队准备参加考军校的考生政审主要是审查士兵档案，最常出现的问题是档案袋里缺毕业证、团员表,这时干部股(科)人员会通知考学士兵补上。张为臻老师提醒战士们特别需要注意的是，从你刚入伍政审填表开始，每次填表年龄必须和身份证上的年龄一致，去年复习班一位战士就是因为档案年龄不一致问题与军校失之交臂。报考指挥类、技术类军校的考生政审时不会回士兵原籍地调查走访，但是报考机要类等核心涉密专业的考生政审时部队会有专人到士兵原籍地调查走访。 6.体能测试：在每年五月份的时候，战士参加统考体能测试，考核科目并不是年年都相同的，常考的为五千米跑、俯卧撑、仰卧起坐、五米往返跑等。 7.考试时间: 解放军士兵统考、武警士兵统考、公安边防消防警卫部队士兵统考的时间，均为每年的6月7号和6月8号两天。 8.录取分数: 由于各军校在各军区，武警、公安边防院校在各地区招收士兵学员人数和专业不同，所以各军区分数线不同，军队院校招收士兵学员时，是按名次从上到下来录取的，例如某军区今年招收四百名士兵学员，即被录取的为第一名到第四百名。无论考生是否被所报考的学校录取，只要过了分数线就有学校上，招生部门会把过线而没有被所报考的学校录取的考生调剂到其他学校。因此在报考志愿时，一定在是否符合调剂后面打上对号。 9.分数公布: 每年的七月上旬至中旬前后，可以通过电话查询士兵考试分数，也可登陆全军政工网(军网)，凭考号查询。七月下旬考试成绩和录取结果会在《解放军报》、《海军报》等军内报刊公布，其次部队会下达通知到各个连队通知士兵录取结果。

军队院校招收士兵学员文化科目统考2017年英语模拟试题(一)

2017年军考英语模拟题（一） 一、选择填空（每小题1分，共15分） 1.“Longtimenosee!”is__________sortofinformal,butitispartof__________languagethatAmericansused aily. A.the;a B.a;the C.\;the D.a;a 2.Agiftmadebyone’sownhandsisbetterthan__________boughtinashop. A.one B.that C.it D.theone 3.Mr.Smithfeltupsetforbeing__________fromtheconcerthehadlongedfor. A.turnedout B.turnedaway C.turnedover D.turnedoff 4.Johnfellasleep__________hewaslisteningtothemusic. A.after B.before C.since D.while 5.Thenewsshockedthepublic, __________togreatconcernaboutstudents’safetyatschool. A.leading B.led C.havingled D.tolead 6.Dosomewarmingupexercisebeforesports,oryou__________hurtyourself. A.must B.need C.should D.may 7.Itwas_________toeverybodythathewasangry. A.regular B.special C.generous D.apparent 8.—Whatdidyousaytoyoursister?Isawhercryingintheroom. —It__________myfault.IjustsaidhellotoherwhenImether,nothingelse. A.can’thavebeen B.musthavebeen C.oughtn’ttobe D.shouldhavebeen 9.Theteacherandwriteraswellassomestudents__________somethingwhenweenteredtheroom. A.discussed B.wasdiscussing C.havediscussed D.werediscussing 10.Inthetimeofsocialreform,people’sstateofmindtendstokeep__________withtherapidchangeofsociety. A.touch B.progress C.pace D.contact 11.Wemadeitpossible__________thetaskwouldbefinishedwithinthreeweeks. A.what B.that C.which D.how 12.Seeingthe__________snake,thegirlwasnearly__________todeath. A.terrifying;terrifying B.terrified;terrified C.terrifying;terrified D.terrified;terrifying 13.—YeShiwengotthechampionshipinthewomen’s400meterindividualatLondonOlympics. —Shefullydeservesthetitle.She__________foritforyears. A.ispreparing B.waspreparing C.hasprepared D.hadbeenpreparing 14.Then__________wehadbeenlookingforwardto.Howdelightedwefelt! A.thehourcame B.camethehour C.didthehourcome D.thehourdidcome 15.—Aren’tyouinterestedinthenewflat? —__________.Itisnoisynearthesportscenter. - 1 -

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