初三英语Unit6单元知识点 (3)

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一、词汇：

dance to music 配合音乐跳舞prefer doing/sth to doing/sth 比起……更喜欢……prefer to do rather than do = would rathr do than do sth = prefer doing to doing 比起做……更愿意做……remind sb of sth 使某人想起……remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做……remind sb that 提醒某人……

be known to sb = be famous to sb 为（某人）所熟知known as = famous as 以……知名make sth known to sb 把（某事）公布给某人on display = on exhibition = on show 在展览sb / sth interest sb ……引起别人的关注interest sb in sth 使某人对某事发生兴趣 a place of interest 名胜world class 世界级的first- class 一流的as the name suggests 顾名思义

sb suggest doing sth 某人建议做……sb suggest that do sth 某人建议……

suit sb (fine) 适合某人expect sb to do sth 期待某人做某事sb expect to do sth 某人预计会做……against expectation = beyond expectation 出乎意料地stay halthy = keep healthy = keep fit 保持健康to be honest =frankly speaking 老实说，坦白地说dislike doing sth = hate to do sth 讨厌做……

in a gentle voice 以柔和的声音take a photograph of = take a photo of 给……照一张相wahtever = no matter what 不管……miss doing sth 错过做……

full of energy 充满活力taste sweet 尝起来甜甜的be bad for 对……有害fried chiciken legs 炸鸡翅stay away from 与……保持距离be in agreement with 和……意见一致risk doing sth 冒险做……

shock sb 使某人震惊(surprise sb / amaze sb / satisfy sb / disappoint sb / interest sb )

sing along with music 合着音乐唱play songs 演奏歌曲make movies 拍电影be sure to do sth 一定要做……in the exhibition 在展览中

musical groups 音乐组合feel sick 感到恶心host family 寄宿家庭

film festival 电影节be important to sb / for sb 对某人来说重要

fast food 快餐even if = even though 尽管

二、语法：（定语从句）

定义：句子作定语，修饰名词，/ 代词/ 句子。

关系词：引导定语从句的词。

先行词：放在定语从句之前的名词。

例句：Don't forget the book that I told you to bring. (定语从句)

别忘了把我让你带的书带过来。

1).在此句中，“ book “是先行词，放在定语从句的前面。

2) “ that “是关系词。

a.代替先行词“book “。

b.引导后面的定语从句。

c.在后面的定语从句中作宾语。

关系词：关系代词/ 关系副词。

（1）关系代词：

（2）. 关系副词

例句1：

They paid a visit to a factory makes toys for children.

A. where

B. which

C. at which

D. in which

解题步骤：

a.确定定语从句中缺省的语法成分。“makes toys for children ”此句缺主语。因此，我们确定是关系代词，而且作“主

格”。有几个单词。“who, that , which , as ”。

b.确定先行词是人/ 物。“factory ”是物，因此我们剩下两个单词“which , that ”。

c.回过头来看选项，选项中没有“that ”，因此我们选“B”。

例句2：

I will go back to Langzhong I was born.

A. which

B. that

C. where

D. when

解题步骤：

（1）. 在“I was born ”中。“I”是主语。“was born ”是谓语。且“was born ”是不及物动词，无须跟宾语。所以，在该定语从句中，应该缺省的是“状语”。

（2）. 先行词“Langzhong ”表地点。

（3）.回到选项，我们选“C”。

* 注意事项：

1. 非限定性定语从句。

定义：有些定语从句去掉后，不会影响对全句的理解。只是对先行词作补充说明作用。我们称之为“非限定性定语从句”其前面往往有逗号隔开，关系词中不用“that ”。

例句：Yesterday , Jimmy left for Canada , （where he had stayed for 2 years.）

昨天，吉米去了加拿大，他曾在那儿呆了两年。

2. “介词+ 关系代词”结构，其中的关系代词不用“that”。

判断依据：

A. 依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配：

I bought a great many books , on which I spent all my money that I saved.

*. 句中“on which ”中的“on”是由动词spend ……on……这个固定搭配来决定的。

B. 根据所表达的意思：

The colorless gas wihtout which we can’t live is called oxygen.

*. 句中“without which”中的“wihtout”是由全句的意思来决定的。

C. 根据先行词的习惯搭配：

I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.

*. 如若由动词“spend time on sth ”决定是行不通的，因为先行词是“time ”。没有“spend time on time ”的说法，这是我们根据“time”的固定搭配“during the time ”来决定“during which”中的“during ”。

3．关系词的省略。

（1）. 关系代词的省略：

A. 当关系代词在从句中作动词的宾语时，可省略：

I have been to the city that / which you just visited.

B. 当关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词放在从句句尾时，可省略：

Generation gap is a problem which / that people are interested in.

C. 关系代词在从句中作表语时，可省略：

Tom is not the naughty boy who / that he used to be .

(2 ). 关系副词的省略：

A. 先行词“the reason ”后的关系副词可省略：

The reason (why) he did that is quite clear.

I appreciate the way (that) you teach us.

4. that 与which 的用法辨析：

（1）. 宜用“that ”的情况：

A. 当先行词是“all , much , little , few ,. Something , anything , everything , none , nothing 等不定代词时”，用“that ”。

I did nothing that might hurt you.

B. 当先行词受到序数词（the first , the second ……），形容词的最高级（the best / the most beautiful ……）修饰时，用“that ”。

This is the best film that has been shown so far.

C. 当主句是以“who / which ”开头的特殊疑问句时，用“that ”。

Who is the person that is standing at the gate.

Which of us that knows something about physics can’t join electric wires.

D. 当主句以“here / there ”开头时：

Here si the hotel that you’ve been looking for.

(2). 宜用“which ”的情况：

A. 非限制性定语从句中，用“which ”不用“that ”。

Which is a very interesting game , is played all over the world.

B. “介词+关系代词”时，用“which ”不用“that ”。

I’m looking for a container in which I can put all these peaches.

5. as 与which 的用法辨析：

As 与which 引导非限制性定语从句，可以代替整个主句。指上面/ 下文所说的一件事。

（1）. 宜用“as”的情况：

A. as 常作一些实意动词。（see , know , hear, which ,watch , remember , say , tell , show , expect , guess 等的宾语。）Einstein , as we know , is a famous scientist.

*. 这里“as ”引导非限制性定语从句，“as we know ”。代替整个句子。“Einstein is a famous scientist ”。

B. as 引导的定语从句置于句首。(which 不行)

As can be seen , oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.

( 2 ). 宜用“which”的情况：

A. which 指前面主句提到的这件事，常翻译为“这一点，这件事”只位于主句的后面，在句法上一般作实意动词的主语。

The child had a fever every night , which worried his parents very much.

B. 当从句的谓语动词是否定形式/ 从句的谓语动词带一个复合宾语结构时，一般用“which”。

You pretended not to know me, which I didn’t understand .

He admires everyone in the class , which I find quite stange.

三、练习题：

1.Do you prefer to shopping?

A. staying at home ; go

B. saty at home ; go

C. staying at home ; going

2. I prefer rather than .

A. to die ; give in

B. dying ; giving in

C. to die ; giving in

3. Which do you prefer, mile or coffee ?

, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea.

A. Either

B. Neither

C. Both

4. This is the factory we visited yesterday.

A. that

B. where

C. in which

5. We all like music sounds quiet and gentle.

A. who

B. that

C. when

6. Tom’s dad told him he could have he wanted for Christmas.

A. whatever

B. however

C. whenever

7. I’ve found the little kid that I took care .

A. in

B. of

C. for

8. Watch the old lady and her dog are crossing the street.

A. which

B. that

C. who

9. To be honest , I don’ t like the ways he came up with.

A. which

B. who

C. how

10. To be honest, I don’t like the ways he came up.

A. which

B. with that

C. with which

11. He reminds me his father.

A. to

B. of

C. at

12. She likes singers write their own lyrics.

A. who

B. whom

C. which

13. They prefer (buy) a new car rather than (repair) it.15.

14. He dislike (go) to school early in the morning .

15. This is one of the books that (be) printed by computer.

16. He is the only one of the students who (study) hard.

17. I reminded him (post) the letter.

18. He risked (cheat) in the test and finally was punished by the teacher.

19. At the meeting , the head master emphasized the (important)of education .

20. This is her (late) book. It’s better than the books before.

21. I don’t like this film for it doesn’t i me at all.

22. They had a big quarrel but are in (agree) at last.

23. Don’t eat fried food . Because they are b for your health.

24. Little Kim likes sugars which t sweet.

25. My father looks fresh in that blue shirt which s him fine.

26. He is very (energy) and hardly feel tired every day.

27. The English teacher suggest that I a passage by hear every day.

A. learn

B. have learnt

C. learnt

28. My father is a photographer and likes to take photographs me.

A. for

B. of

C. with

29. The live on catching fish in the sea .

A. fisherman

B. fishermen

C. fishermans

30. There are few in that town . So we hardly have places to relax ourselves.

A. entertainments

B. feature

C. vegetarian

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