Revision of the UK2014.4(1)
Survey of the U. K
Chapter One
Geography
The official title of the UK:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
The United Kingdom is made up of:
Great Britain (the formerly separate England and Scotland, and Wales. ) Northern Ireland - The capital is Belfast.
British Isles
The British Isles is a geographically term which includes Great Britain, the whole of Ireland, and all the offshore islands, most notably the Isle of Man which has its own parliament and laws.
The British Isles is made up of England, Scotland, Wales Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland and about five thousand small islands.
Northern Ireland: It’s mostly hilly.
Rivers and Lakes
The longest river: Severn River (354 kilometers long)
The second longest river: Thames (332 kilometers long)
The largest Lake: Lough Neagh
Climate
Main characteristics:
temperate climate, with plentiful rainfall all year round.
Temperature:
The temperature varies with the seasons but seldom drops below ?10°C(14.0 °F) or rises above 35 °C (95 °F).
Three major features:
Winter fog
Rainy days
Instability/changeability
General Knowledge of the UK
The Union Flag
The Union Flag, popularly known as the Union Jack, symbolizes the union of the countries of the UK. It is made up of the individual flags of three countries in the Kingdom.
Countries
Countries within a Country - The United Kingdom
England- The capital is London.
Scotland - The capital is Edinburgh .
Wales - The capital is Cardiff.
Northern Ireland - The capital is Belfast.
Saint George Slaying the Dragon
London
The capital of England and of UK
The political center of the Commonwealth
Tower Bridge
Buckingham Palace
St Paul’s Cathedral
Changing the Guard at Buckingham Palace
Changing of the Guard at Horse Guard Parade, Whitehall
Westminster Abbey
The Tower of London
The London Eye
Black Cab and Red Bus
Shakespeare's Globe Theatre and Exhibition
Hyde Park
Religions
The official religion of England is Christianity, as practised by the Church of England (Anglican).(国教)
Languages
In Britain, the main language is English (British English).
British History
Ⅰ.The Founding of the Nation
1. Prehistoric Britain
Brief Introduction
Key fact---Stonehenge (the most important prehistoric monument in England) Stonehenge
2. Roman Britain (55BC-410AD)
Key Facts
?The Romans were the first to invade Britain and came to Britain nearly 2000 years ago. They changed the country. The Roman Empire made its mark on Britain, and even today, the ruins of Roman buildings, forts, roads, and baths can be found all over Britain.
?Britain was part of the Roman Empire for almost 400 years!
Time and Duration （55BC to 410 AD）
?First invasion - Caesar's first raid
?Third and final invasion
The Influence of Roman Invasion
?Language
The language we used today was developed from the Romans. The Romans spoke and wrote in Latin and many of our words are based on Latin words.
?The Calendar (儒略历)
Did you know that the calendar we use today is more than 2,000 years old? It was started by Julius Caesar, a Roman ruler. It is based on the movement of the earth around the sun, and so is called the 'solar calendar.' The solar calendar has 365 days a year, and 366 days every leap year, or every fourth year. The names of our months are taken from the names of Roman gods and rulers. The month 'July,' in fact, is named after Julius Caesar himself!
?Laws and a legal system
The laws and ways we determine what to do with someone who is accused of breaking a law came originally from the Roman Empire.
3. Anglo-Saxon Britain
Background
?The Roman army left Britain about AD 410. When they had gone there was no strong army to defend Britain, and tribes called the Angle, Saxon, and Jute (the Anglo-Saxons) invaded. They left their homelands in northern Germany, Denmark and northern Holland and rowed across the North Sea in wooden boats.
Questions of Anglo-Saxon
Who were the Anglo-Saxons?
?The Angle, Saxon, and Jute are known as the Anglo-Saxons. The Angles and the Saxon tribes were the largest of the three attacking tribes and so we often know them as Anglo-Saxons. They shared the same language but were each ruled by different strong warriors.
Reasons for Invasion
?Historians are not sure why the Anglo-Saxons came to Britain. Some sources say that the Saxon warriors were invited to come, to the area now know as England, to help keep out invaders from Scotland and Ireland.
?Another reason for coming may have been because their land often flooded and it was difficult to grow crops, so they were looking for new places to settle down and farm.
The Influence of Invasion
?English (language of the Angles)
dominant language
?Roman Christianity ----page14
The early Anglo-Saxons converted to Christianity.
(St. Augustine brings Christianity to Britain from Rome and becomes Archbishop of Canterbury in 601.)
4. Viking Britain(739-1066)
5. The Middle Ages - Medieval Britain (Normans) (1066 - 1485)
?The Middle Ages in Britain cover a huge period. They take us from the shock of the Norman Conquest,which began in 1066, to the devastating Black Death of 1348, the Hundred Years' War with France and the War of the Roses, which finally ended in 1485.
Reasons for Invasion
Reasons for William’s invasion of England after Edward’s death. It was said that king Edward had promised the English throne to William, but the Witan chose Harold as king. So William led his army to invade England. In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings, William defeated Harold and killed him. One Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England, thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.
William Duke of Normandy,
King of England
The Magna Carta (Great Charter)
?Magna Carta was the first document forced onto an English King by a group of his subjects, the feudal barons, in an attempt to limit his powers by law and protect their privileges. It consists of sixty-three clauses.
Hundred Years’ War (1337—1453)
The Black Death (Bubonic Plague)
The War of the Roses (1455—1485)
? A war for the throne between the House of York and the House of Lancaster. ?It reduced the power of nobility and helped to increase the power of the new rising bourgeois class.
?The House of Lancaster won and their leader Henry Tudor became King Henry VII and started the rule of the House of Tudor
Tudor Britain (1485 -1603)
?Five hundred years ago the world was a very different place. We were only just realizing that America existed and we had no idea about Australia. England (including the Principality of Wales) and Scotland were separate kingdoms, each
with their own royal family.
II. Transition to the Modern Age
Henry VIII
?Second son of Henry VII.
Religious Reformation
?Reasons—2 religious camps: Catholic (天主教徒)and Protestant （新教教徒）?Immediate cause: Henry VIII’s divorce
?Act of Supremacy《至尊法案》
?Henry VIII—―only supreme head of the church of England‖
Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
–Consolidated the Church of England
–Defended the fruit of the Reformation in essence
?Golden Age of English History
–England advanced in such areas as foreign trade, exploration, literature, and the arts.
–The age of exploration began: claiming new lands for England and introducing new materials and foods.
?The American State, Virginia, is named after Queen Elizabeth.
3. English Renaissance
?over two hundred years ruled by five Tudor monarchs over England and Wales and a period of administrative and religious reforms.
?marking the end of the period of civil war and the establishment of a modern, efficient, centralized state, and a period of great achievement of literature.
?the typical figure: William Shakespeare, the greatest dramatist and poet, who wrote several plays about the history of this period, such as Richard II, Henry V, Richard III.
4. The Restoration （王权复辟）and the Glorious(光荣革命)
Restoration:
1661, Charles II: to restore the old social order, died in 1685
1685, James II: to reestablish Catholicism
Glorious Revolution: （also called Bloodless Revolution）
1688: joint sovereign of William and Mary
1689: Bill of Rights (limited the power of the monarch and guaranteed the authority of Parliament) removed the ruling monarch and established Constitutional Monarchy
5. The Industrial Revolution
–Britain was the first country to industrialize in the world. Before the 18th century, most industries were done at home using very simple hand-operated machines.
?The Industrial Revolution took place first in Britain for the following reasons:
–huge market (the single largest domestic market in Europe)
–colonies in America and India—capital
–enclosure movement(圈地运动)—(landless) labor
? A series of important inventions in the textile industry marked the beginning of Industrial Revolution:
?By the middle of 19th century, the Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain
–As a result of the industrial revolution, Britain was by 1830 the ―Workshop of the World‖.
The Rise and Fall of the British Empire
III. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire (1688 －1945)
Victorian Britain
1. The Formation of the British Empire
------Colonial Expansion
2. Britain in the World Wars
World War I
World War II （1939 –1945）
3.The Fall of the Empire
Ⅳ.Britain Since World War II
? 1.―Three Majestic Circles‖
? 2. ―Special Relationship‖ with th e US
1.“Three Majestic Circles”(三环外交)
2 ―Special Relationship‖ with the US
British Customs & Traditions
I. Holidays in Britain
I. Holidays in UK
January
1 New Year's Day (Bank holiday/Public Holiday)
February
14 Valentine's Day
March
1 St David's Day (Wales National Day)
17 St. Patrick's Day (Ireland's Special Day)
March/April Easter
April
1 April Fool's Day
23 St George's Day (England's National Day)
May ( 2 Bank holidays/Public Holidays)
1 May Day
St David's Day(Wales National Day)
St David's Day is celebrated in Wales on 1 March, in honor of St David (Dewi Sant), the patron saint of Wales. He was a Celtic monk, abbot and bishop, who lived in the sixth century. He spread the word of Christianity across Wales.
The most famous story about Saint David tells how he was preaching to a huge crowd and the ground is said to have risen up, so that he was standing on a hill and everyone had a better chance of hearing him.
St David's Day is commemorated by the wearing of daffodils or leeks. Both plants are traditionally regarded as national emblems
On St David's Day, some children in Wales dress in their national costume, which consists of a tall black hat, white frilled cap and long dress.
St. Patrick's Day (Ireland's Special Day)
Saint Patrick is the patron saint of Ireland. He is credited with bringing Christianity to Ireland. Born in Britain, he was carried off by pirates and spent six years in slavery before escaping and training as a missionary.
The most famous story about Saint Patrick is him driving the snakes from Ireland
Easter
Observed by Most Christians
Type Christian
Significance Celebrates the resurrection of Jesus
Date First Sunday after the first full moon on or after March 21
What is Easter?
Easter is the time for holidays, festivals and a time for giving chocolate Easter eggs. But Easter means much more....
Easter is the oldest and the most important Christian Festival, the celebration of the death and coming to life again of Jesus Christ. For Christians, the dawn of Easter Sunday with its message of new life is the high point of the Christian year. What is the Easter story ?
Easter is the story of Jesus' last days in Jerusalem before his death. The Easter story includes Maundy Thursday (the Last supper leading to the Eucharist（圣餐）), Good Friday (the day on which Jesus was crucified) and Easter Day (the day on which Jesus came back to life).
It is a sad story because Jesus was killed. But the story has a very happy ending, because Jesus came back to life and visited his friends and followers once more. He did not die at all, but went back up to Heaven to be with God, his father.
St George's Day (England's national day )
St. George's Day is on April 23rd, so, in a sense, this is England's national day. St. George
Halloween
Trick or Treat
Jack-o-Lantern
British Literature
Beowulf（贝奥武夫）
A rich fabric of fact and fancy, Beowulf is the oldest surviving epic(叙事诗) in British literature.
II. Middle English Period (The Medieval Period) Years: 1066-1485 Geoffrey Chaucer (1342/43-1400)
Geoffrey Chaucer was born in London. His name was of French origin and meant shoemaker. Chaucer was the son of a prosperous wine merchant and deputy to the king's butler and his wife Agnes. Little is known of his early education, but his works show that he could read French, Latin, and Italian. The exists no memoirs of Chaucer, but Canterbury Tales perhaps gives a sight of the writer.
Geoffrey Chaucer& Canterbury Tales
III. The Renaissance Years: 1485-1660
William Shakespeare(1564-1616)
He came from a middle class family and records show that he was a stockholder of the famous Globe Theater.
The best-known literary figure in the world, His wrote many plays include tragedies, comedies and history plays.
Shakespeare’s Birthplace
The Global Theater
The Globe Theatre, where dramatist William Shakespeare saw his plays performed 400 years ago, has been rebuilt near its original location on the south bank of the Thames River in London, England.
Works
Tragedies
Hamlet (1601) Othello (1604) Macbeth (1606) Romeo and Juliet (1595) Works
Comedy
A Midsumme r Night’s Dream (1595)The Merchant of Venice (1598)
As You Like It (1599) (皆大欢喜) Twelfth Night (1601)
IV. Neoclassical Period (The Restoration) Years: 1660-1798
Alexander Pope (1688-1744)
An Essay on Criticism (1711) （批评论）
Novelists: Jane Austen, Mary Shelley
Percy Bysshe Shelley(雪莱) (1792-1822)
short poems—―Ode to the West Wind‖ （西风颂）(1819) and ―Ode to a Skylark‖ (1820)（致云雀）Queen Mab （麦布女王）（1813）
Jane Austen
Jane Austen (16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist, whose realism, biting social commentary and use of free indirect speech, have earned her a place as one of the most widely read and most beloved writers in English literature.
Works
Sense and sensibility 理智与情感
Emma 爱玛
Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见Persuasion劝导
Northanger Abbey诺桑觉寺Mansfield Park 曼斯菲尔德花园
To date, the book has sold some 20 million copies worldwide.
VI. Victorian Period Years: 1832-1900
Charles Dickens (1812-1870)
a fierce critic of the poverty and social stratification of Victorian England Works
Pickwick(1836-1837)—brought him immediate fame
Oliver Twist （1837）A Tale of Two Cities (1859) David Copperfield (1849-1850) Great Expectations(1860-1861)
Thomas Hardy
Thomas Hardy (1840-1928)
The Return of the Native (1878) 《还乡》
The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886) 《卡斯特桥市长》
Tess of the D’Urbervilles (1891)《德伯家的苔丝》
Jude the Obscure (1895)《无名的裘德》
The Government & Economy
I. Government
1. Constitution
Great Britain (UK) is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch as the head of state(君主立宪制)
1. Constitution
British Constitution is made up of:
Statutory Law (成文法)
Common Law (判例法)
Conventions (习惯法)
1.1 Statutory Law：It is the most important and takes precedence over the others if there is a clash.
passed by Parliament
example
the Magna Carta (1215) （protects the rights of the community against the Crown）
the Bill of Rights (1689)（extends the powers of Parliament）
the Reform Act (1832)（reforms the parliamentary electoral system ）
the European Communities Act (1972)
the European Communities (Amendment) Act (1986)
Parliament is made up of three parts:
The Queen The House of Lords The House of Commons
2.2 The Executive
2.2.1 The Prime Minister—powerful leader head of the government
the leader of the majority party in Parliament
controls the Parliament
2.2.2 The Cabinet
supreme decision-making body in the British government
The Cabinet works on the principle of collective responsibility and individual ministerial responsibility
Ministers responsible for their particular department
(most senior members are the Deputy Prime Minister（副首相）, Foreign Secretary（外交部长）, Chancellor of the Exchequer（财政大臣）and Home Secretary（内政大臣）)
2.2.3 Privy Council（枢密院）
2.3 The Judiciary
3. Political Parties
3.1 Overall Introduction
The Parliament operates on a two-party system.
Political parties originated in the late 17th century.
the Whig Party—Liberal Party
the Tory Party—Conservative Party
3.2 The Conservative Party
the ―Right‖
landowners and businessmen, the middle and upper-middle class
free enterprise and privatization of state-owned firms
The Conservative Party (frequently called the Tories) -the centre-Right party currently led by David Cameron
3.2 The Conservative Party
Margaret Thatcher (1979-1990)
—The Iron Lady
privatized state-owned industries and promoted a more competitive spirit in Britain’s economy reduced old age pensions,shortened the period of unemployment benefits, and cut child benefits curbed the power of the trade unions
3.3 The Labor Party
the ―Left‖
created by the growing trade union movement at the end of the 19th century After 1945—to establish a welfare state nationalized industries exercised control over private industries to revive the primary industries
4. General Election
A UK Parliament has a maximum duration of five years. At the end of the five year or before, a general election must take place so new members of parliament can be elected by the people.
4. General Election
held every five years in the 646 constituencies candidate who wins in each constituency becomes a Member of Parliament
The party which holds the majority of ―seats‖ in Parliament forms the government, with its party leader becoming the Prime Minister.
Economy
I. Recent History of British Economy
Recent History of British Economy
Two World Wars—great economic loss, heavily in debt.
Policies
During the 20th century the
government has become involved in the economy through introduction of social welfare policies and laws to regulate industrial relations.
Policies (1945-1979)
In 1945 the Labor party
carried out drastic reforms nationalize key industries (such as coal, steel and transport) laid the foundation for postwar British social and economic development. But it underwent a particularly bad period in 1970s, with high rates of inflation and devaluation of the pound.
Result: Britain’s economic growth fell behind that of western European
countries.
Policies(1979-1997)
1979-1997 Conservative Party
Margaret Thatcher Radical economic reform sell back those industries to the private sector beat inflation (primary objective)
Promote competitive spirit in economy
Social welfare reduced
Result: Britain’s economic growth still lagged behind
In 1997 the Labor party Tony Blair
the ―Third Way‖: differ from the old the Labor party’s nationalization reform and the conservative party’s extreme individualism made the Bank of England independent emphasized on the minimum wage and supplementing low incomes emphasized individual responsibility
Britain’s economic growth surpassed other major European countries
Current British Economy
the world's 6th largest economy (2010)(after US, Japan, China, Germany and France)
The UK's people are the world's twelfth richest
Sterling—performed relatively well against major currencies in recent years Natural Resources & Infrastructures
Principal resources—oil and gas(in the North Sea, on the coast of Scotland) Energy Production
Coalfields are mostly located in Central Scotland, Central England and South Wales.
3 Big producers: Shell, British Petroleum (BP), British Gas (BG)
Services industries, especially, business and financial services—the strongest performing sector in the UK economy
London—the strongest performing region in the UK
Trooping of the Color
Changing of the Guard.
Remembrance Day(荣军纪念日)
Education
1. Education
Introduction to School Life
Education is an important part of British life. There are hundreds of schools, colleges and universities, including some of the most famous in the world. Education is free and compulsory for all children between the ages of 5 - 16. Education stages
Children's education in England is normally divided into four separate stages. They begin with primary education at the age of five and this usually lasts until they are eleven. Then they move to secondary school, there they stay until they reach sixteen, seventeen or eighteen years of age.
primary (5-11)
secondary (12-16)
further education
higher education
Educational System
Elementary and Secondary Education
Two parallel school systems:
State system:11-year compulsory education
Independent system—Public schools
―sixth form‖ (2 years)
Higher Education
Famous Universities
Educational System
Two parallel school system:
State system—State schools --local authority maintained 94%
(Free to all children betwe en the ages of 5—16)
Independent system—Public/Public schools 6%
(Parents pay for their children's education)
Educational System
Fee Paying Schools
Independent Schools
6% of the children in England go to independent schools. Independent schools are known as private schools and public schools . Parents pay for their children to attend these schools.
Nursery/Kindergarten 2 to 4 years
Pre-preparatory 3 or 4 to 7 years
Preparatory 7 to 11 or 13 years
Public 11 or 13 to 18 years
Independent Schools
the most famous
— Eton, Harrow and Winchester
Educational System
―sixth form‖ (2 years)
A-levels (General Certificate of Education—Advanced)
—for universities admittances
GNVQs (General National Vocational Qualifications)
—for vocational training
Higher Education
Around 30% of the 18 to 19 year olds enter full-time higher education. The formal entry requirements to most degree courses are two A-levels at grade E or above. In practice, most offers of places require qualifications in excess of this. Recruitment base on:
Grades of AS, A-levels, GNVQ’s
School references
Interview
University of Oxford
The University of Oxford (informally Oxford University, or simply Oxford), located in the UK city of Oxford, is the oldest surviving university in the English-speaking world and is regarded as one of the world's leading academic institutions. Although the exact date of foundation remains unclear, there is evidence of teaching there as far back as the 11th century. The University grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris.
University of Cambridge
Media
Radio, Television and Newspaper s
Radio & Television
The three public bodies responsible for television and radio throughout Britain are:
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)(1936)which broadcasts television and radio programmes;
The Independent Television Commission (ITC)(1955), which licenses and regulates commercial television service including cable, satellite and independent teletext services;
The Radio Authority, which licenses and regulates commercial radio services, including cable and satellite.
Newspapers
There are about 130 daily and Sunday newspapers, over 2,000 weekly newspapers and some 7,000 periodical publications in Britain. The press in Britain is free to comment on matters of public interest, subject to law.
Daily Newspapers sell 322 copies per 1000 people in the UK, the eighth highest rate in the world.
British newspapers include the following
The Daily Mail
The Daily Telegraph
The Financial Times
The Guardian
The Independent
The Scotsman
The Times(the Britain’s oldest daily newspaper)
Western Mail and Echo
The Sun
The Mirror
The Herald
The order of the UK title: Duke, Marquis, Earl, Viscount, Baron
Sports
Football
Some of England's football teams are world famous, the most famous being
Manchester United, Arsenal and Liverpool.
Rugby
Rugby originated from Rugby school in Warwickshire. It is similar to football, but played with an oval ball. Players can carry the ball and tackle each other. The best rugby teams compete in the Super League final each September. American Football derived from our game of Rugby also Baseball derived from the old English game of Rounders.
Tennis
The world's most famous tennis tournament is Wimbledon. It started at a small club in south London in the nineteenth century. It begins on the nearest Monday to June 22, at a time when English often have the finest weather. Millions of people watch the Championships on TV live.
It is traditional for visitors to eat strawberries and cream whilst they watch the tennis.
The way常见用法
The way 的用法 Ⅰ常见用法： 1)the way+ that 2)the way + in which（最为正式的用法） 3)the way + 省略（最为自然的用法） 举例：I like the way in which he talks. I like the way that he talks. I like the way he talks. Ⅱ习惯用法： 在当代美国英语中，the way用作为副词的对格，“the way+ 从句”实际上相当于一个状语从句来修饰整个句子。 1)The way =as I am talking to you just the way I’d talk to my own child. He did not do it the way his friends did. Most fruits are naturally sweet and we can eat them just the way they are—all we have to do is to clean and peel them. 2）The way= according to the way/ judging from the way The way you answer the question, you are an excellent student. The way most people look at you, you’d think trash man is a monster. 3）The way =how/ how much No one can imagine the way he missed her. 4）The way =because
The way的用法及其含义(二)
The way的用法及其含义（二） 二、the way在句中的语法作用 the way在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语： 1.作主语 The way you are doing it is completely crazy.你这个干法简直发疯。 The way she puts on that accent really irritates me. 她故意操那种口音的样子实在令我恼火。The way she behaved towards him was utterly ruthless. 她对待他真是无情至极。 Words are important, but the way a person stands, folds his or her arms or moves his or her hands can also give us information about his or her feelings. 言语固然重要,但人的站姿,抱臂的方式和手势也回告诉我们他(她)的情感。 2.作宾语 I hate the way she stared at me.我讨厌她盯我看的样子。 We like the way that her hair hangs down.我们喜欢她的头发笔直地垂下来。 You could tell she was foreign by the way she was dressed. 从她的穿著就可以看出她是外国人。 She could not hide her amusement at the way he was dancing. 她见他跳舞的姿势，忍俊不禁。 3.作表语 This is the way the accident happened.这就是事故如何发生的。 Believe it or not, that's the way it is. 信不信由你, 反正事情就是这样。 That's the way I look at it, too. 我也是这么想。 That was the way minority nationalities were treated in old China. 那就是少数民族在旧中
(完整版)the的用法
定冠词the的用法： 定冠词the与指示代词this ,that同源,有“那(这)个”的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西. (1)特指双方都明白的人或物 Take the medicine.把药吃了. (2)上文提到过的人或事 He bought a house.他买了幢房子. I've been to the house.我去过那幢房子. (3)指世界上独一无二的事物 the sun ,the sky ,the moon, the earth (4)单数名词连用表示一类事物 the dollar 美元 the fox 狐狸 或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人 the rich 富人 the living 生者 (5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词等前面 Where do you live?你住在哪? I live on the second floor.我住在二楼. That's the very thing I've been looking for.那正是我要找的东西. (6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体 They are the teachers of this school.(指全体教师) They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师) (7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前 She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂. (8)用在某些有普通名词构成的国家名称,机关团体,阶级等专有名词前 the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国 (9)用在表示乐器的名词前 She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴. (10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人 the Greens 格林一家人(或格林夫妇) (11)用在惯用语中 in the day, in the morning... the day before yesterday, the next morning... in the sky... in the dark... in the end... on the whole, by the way...
“the way+从句”结构的意义及用法
“tｈｅwａｙ+从句”结构的意义及用法 首先让我们来看下面这个句子: Ｒead the foｌloｗｉnｇpassagｅａnd talkａbout ｉt wi ｔh your classmaｔes．Try tｏｔeｌl whaｔyｏu thiｎk ｏf Tom aｎd ｏｆｔhe ｗay the chiｌｄrenｔrｅated ｈim. 在这个句子中，ｔhe waｙ是先行词,后面是省略了关系副词that或in whｉch的定语从句。 下面我们将叙述“the ｗaｙ+从句”结构的用法。 1.tｈe wａy之后，引导定语从句的关系词是tｈat而不是hoｗ,因此，<<现代英语惯用法词典＞＞中所给出的下面两个句子是错误的：Ｔhｉs is ｔｈeｗayｈowｉtｈａppened. This is the way how he ａlwａｙs treats me. 2．在正式语体中,thaｔ可被in which所代替;在非正式语体中，ｔhat则往往省略。由此我们得到theｗay后接定语从句时的三种模式：1) tｈe ｗaｙ＋ｔhａt-从句２）the way +ｉn whiｃh－从句3) the ｗay +从句 例如：Ｔｈe way(in whiｃh ，thａt) ｔhｅｓｅｃomｒade ｓloｏｋａｔｐrobｌems is wrong．这些同志看问题的方法
不对。 Ｔｈｅｗａy(that ,ｉn ｗhiｃh)yoｕ’ｒe doinｇit is comple ｔeｌy crａzy.你这么个干法,简直发疯。 Wｅａdmiｒｅd him for thｅｗay ｉｎｗhｉch he fａｃeｓdiｆficultieｓ． Waｌlａｃe ａｎd Ｄarwiｎｇreed ｏn the way ｉｎwhi ｃh ｄｉfｆｅrｅnt forms ｏf life had ｂegｕn.华莱士和达尔文对不同类型的生物是如何起源的持相同的观点。 Thｉs is ｔｈe ｗaｙ（tｈａｔ) hｅdｉd it. I lｉkeｄｔhe waｙ(ｔhat) ｓｈeｏｒganized ｔhe ｍeetｉng． 3.theｗay(tｈat)有时可以与hｏw(作“如何”解）通用。例如： That’s tｈe ｗaｙ(tｈaｔ) shｅspoke. = Tｈat’s how shｅspoke.
way 用法
表示“方式”、“方法”，注意以下用法： 1.表示用某种方法或按某种方式，通常用介词in(此介词有时可省略)。如： Do it (in) your own way. 按你自己的方法做吧。 Please do not talk (in) that way. 请不要那样说。 2.表示做某事的方式或方法，其后可接不定式或of doing sth。 如： It’s the best way of studying [to study] English. 这是学习英语的最好方法。 There are different ways to do [of doing] it. 做这事有不同的办法。 3.其后通常可直接跟一个定语从句(不用任何引导词)，也可跟由that 或in which 引导的定语从句，但是其后的从句不能由how 来引导。如： 我不喜欢他说话的态度。 正：I don’t like the way he spoke. 正：I don’t like the way that he spoke. 正：I don’t like the way in which he spoke. 误：I don’t like the way how he spoke. 4.注意以下各句the way 的用法： That’s the way (=how) he spoke. 那就是他说话的方式。 Nobody else loves you the way(=as) I do. 没有人像我这样爱你。 The way (=According as) you are studying now, you won’tmake much progress. 根据你现在学习情况来看，你不会有多大的进步。 2007年陕西省高考英语中有这样一道单项填空题： ——I think he is taking an active part insocial work. ——I agree with you_____. A、in a way B、on the way C、by the way D、in the way 此题答案选A。要想弄清为什么选A，而不选其他几项，则要弄清选项中含way的四个短语的不同意义和用法，下面我们就对此作一归纳和小结。 一、in a way的用法 表示：在一定程度上，从某方面说。如： In a way he was right.在某种程度上他是对的。注：in a way也可说成in one way。 二、on the way的用法 1、表示：即将来(去)，就要来(去)。如： Spring is on the way.春天快到了。 I'd better be on my way soon.我最好还是快点儿走。 Radio forecasts said a sixth-grade wind was on the way.无线电预报说将有六级大风。 2、表示：在路上，在行进中。如： He stopped for breakfast on the way.他中途停下吃早点。 We had some good laughs on the way.我们在路上好好笑了一阵子。 3、表示：(婴儿)尚未出生。如： She has two children with another one on the way.她有两个孩子，现在还怀着一个。 She's got five children，and another one is on the way.她已经有5个孩子了，另一个又快生了。 三、by the way的用法
The way的用法及其含义(一)
The way的用法及其含义（一） 有这样一个句子：In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. 1770年，这间琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。 the way在句中的语法作用是什么？其意义如何？在阅读时，学生经常会碰到一些含有the way 的句子，如：No one knows the way he invented the machine. He did not do the experiment the way his teacher told him.等等。他们对the way 的用法和含义比较模糊。在这几个句子中，the way之后的部分都是定语从句。第一句的意思是，“没人知道他是怎样发明这台机器的。”the way的意思相当于how；第二句的意思是，“他没有按照老师说的那样做实验。”the way 的意思相当于as。在In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted.这句话中，the way也是as的含义。随着现代英语的发展，the way的用法已越来越普遍了。下面，我们从the way的语法作用和意义等方面做一考查和分析： 一、the way作先行词，后接定语从句 以下3种表达都是正确的。例如：“我喜欢她笑的样子。” 1. the way+ in which +从句 I like the way in which she smiles. 2. the way+ that +从句 I like the way that she smiles. 3. the way + 从句(省略了in which或that) I like the way she smiles. 又如：“火灾如何发生的，有好几种说法。” 1. There were several theories about the way in which the fire started. 2. There were several theories about the way that the fire started.
way 的用法
way 的用法 【语境展示】 1. Now I’ll show you how to do the experiment in a different way. 下面我来演示如何用一种不同的方法做这个实验。 2. The teacher had a strange way to make his classes lively and interesting. 这位老师有种奇怪的办法让他的课生动有趣。 3. Can you tell me the best way of working out this problem? 你能告诉我算出这道题的最好方法吗？ 4. I don’t know the way (that / in which) he helped her out. 我不知道他用什么方法帮助她摆脱困境的。 5. The way (that / which) he talked about to solve the problem was difficult to understand. 他所谈到的解决这个问题的方法难以理解。 6. I don’t like the way that / which is being widely used for saving water. 我不喜欢这种正在被广泛使用的节水方法。 7. They did not do it the way we do now. 他们以前的做法和我们现在不一样。 【归纳总结】 ●way作“方法，方式”讲时，如表示“以……方式”，前面常加介词in。如例1； ●way作“方法，方式”讲时，其后可接不定式to do sth.，也可接of doing sth. 作定语，表示做某事的方法。如例2，例3；
the-way-的用法讲解学习
t h e-w a y-的用法
The way 的用法 "the way+从句"结构在英语教科书中出现的频率较高, the way 是先行词, 其后是定语从句.它有三种表达形式:1) the way+that 2)the way+ in which 3)the way + 从句(省略了that或in which),在通常情况下, 用in which 引导的定语从句最为正式,用that的次之,而省略了关系代词that 或 in which 的, 反而显得更自然,最为常用.如下面三句话所示,其意义相同. I like the way in which he talks. I like the way that he talks. I like the way he talks. 一.在当代美国英语中,the way用作为副词的对格,"the way+从句"实际上相当于一个状语从句来修饰全句. the way=as 1)I'm talking to you just the way I'd talk to a boy of my own. 我和你说话就象和自己孩子说话一样. 2)He did not do it the way his friend did. 他没有象他朋友那样去做此事. 3)Most fruits are naturally sweet and we can eat them just the way they are ----all we have to do is clean or peel them . 大部分水果天然甜润,可以直接食用,我们只需要把他们清洗一下或去皮.
way的用法总结大全
way的用法总结大全 way的用法你知道多少，今天给大家带来way的用法，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 way的用法总结大全 way的意思 n. 道路,方法,方向,某方面 adv. 远远地，大大地 way用法 way可以用作名词 way的基本意思是“路,道,街,径”,一般用来指具体的“路,道路”,也可指通向某地的“方向”“路线”或做某事所采用的手段,即“方式,方法”。way还可指“习俗,作风”“距离”“附近,周围”“某方面”等。 way作“方法,方式,手段”解时,前面常加介词in。如果way前有this, that等限定词,介词可省略,但如果放在句首,介词则不可省略。
way作“方式,方法”解时,其后可接of v -ing或to- v 作定语,也可接定语从句,引导从句的关系代词或关系副词常可省略。 way用作名词的用法例句 I am on my way to the grocery store.我正在去杂货店的路上。 We lost the way in the dark.我们在黑夜中迷路了。 He asked me the way to London.他问我去伦敦的路。 way可以用作副词 way用作副词时意思是“远远地,大大地”,通常指在程度或距离上有一定的差距。 way back表示“很久以前”。 way用作副词的用法例句 It seems like Im always way too busy with work.我工作总是太忙了。 His ideas were way ahead of his time.他的思想远远超越了他那个时代。 She finished the race way ahead of the other runners.她第一个跑到终点,远远领先于其他选手。 way用法例句
the_way的用法大全教案资料
t h e_w a y的用法大全
The way 在the way+从句中, the way 是先行词, 其后是定语从句.它有三种表达形式:1) the way+that 2)the way+ in which 3)the way + 从句(省略了that或in which),在通常情况下, 用in which 引导的定语从句最为正式,用that的次之,而省略了关系代词that 或 in which 的, 反而显得更自然,最为常用.如下面三句话所示,其意义相同. I like the way in which he talks. I like the way that he talks. I like the way he talks. 如果怕弄混淆，下面的可以不看了 另外，在当代美国英语中,the way用作为副词的对格,"the way+从句"实际上相当于一个状语从句来修饰全句. the way=as 1)I'm talking to you just the way I'd talk to a boy of my own. 我和你说话就象和自己孩子说话一样. 2)He did not do it the way his friend did. 他没有象他朋友那样去做此事. 3)Most fruits are naturally sweet and we can eat them just the way they are ----all we have to do is clean or peel them . 大部分水果天然甜润,可以直接食用,我们只需要把他们清洗一下或去皮. the way=according to the way/judging from the way 4)The way you answer the qquestions, you must be an excellent student. 从你回答就知道,你是一个优秀的学生. 5)The way most people look at you, you'd think a trashman was a monster. 从大多数人看你的目光中,你就知道垃圾工在他们眼里是怪物. the way=how/how much 6)I know where you are from by the way you pronounce my name. 从你叫我名字的音调中,我知道你哪里人. 7)No one can imaine the way he misses her. 人们很想想象他是多么想念她. the way=because 8) No wonder that girls looks down upon me, the way you encourage her. 难怪那姑娘看不起我, 原来是你怂恿的
the way 的用法
The way 的用法 "the way+从句"结构在英语教科书中出现的频率较高, the way 是先行词, 其后是定语从句.它有三种表达形式:1) the way+that 2)the way+ in which 3)the way + 从句(省略了that或in which),在通常情况下, 用in which 引导的定语从句最为正式,用that的次之,而省略了关系代词that 或in which 的, 反而显得更自然,最为常用.如下面三句话所示,其意义相同. I like the way in which he talks. I like the way that he talks. I like the way he talks. 一.在当代美国英语中,the way用作为副词的对格,"the way+从句"实际上相当于一个状语从句来修饰全句. the way=as 1)I'm talking to you just the way I'd talk to a boy of my own. 我和你说话就象和自己孩子说话一样. 2)He did not do it the way his friend did. 他没有象他朋友那样去做此事. 3)Most fruits are naturally sweet and we can eat them just the way they are ----all we have to do is clean or peel them . 大部分水果天然甜润,可以直接食用,我们只需要把他们清洗一下或去皮.
the way=according to the way/judging from the way 4)The way you answer the qquestions, you must be an excellent student. 从你回答就知道,你是一个优秀的学生. 5)The way most people look at you, you'd think a trashman was a monster. 从大多数人看你的目光中,你就知道垃圾工在他们眼里是怪物. the way=how/how much 6)I know where you are from by the way you pronounce my name. 从你叫我名字的音调中,我知道你哪里人. 7)No one can imaine the way he misses her. 人们很想想象他是多么想念她. the way=because 8) No wonder that girls looks down upon me, the way you encourage her. 难怪那姑娘看不起我, 原来是你怂恿的 the way =while/when(表示对比) 9)From that day on, they walked into the classroom carrying defeat on their shoulders the way other students carried textbooks under their arms. 从那天起,其他同学是夹着书本来上课,而他们却带着"失败"的思想负担来上课.
The way的用法及其含义(三)
The way的用法及其含义（三） 三、the way的语义 1. the way=as（像） Please do it the way I’ve told you.请按照我告诉你的那样做。 I'm talking to you just the way I'd talk to a boy of my own.我和你说话就像和自己孩子说话一样。 Plant need water the way they need sun light. 植物需要水就像它们需要阳光一样。 2. the way=how（怎样，多么） No one can imagine the way he misses her.没人能够想象出他是多么想念她！ I want to find out the way a volcano has formed.我想弄清楚火山是怎样形成的。 He was filled with anger at the way he had been treated.他因遭受如此待遇而怒火满腔。That’s the way she speaks.她就是那样讲话的。 3. the way=according as （根据） The way you answer the questions, you must be an excellent student.从你回答问题来看，你一定是名优秀的学生。 The way most people look at you, you'd think a trash man was a monster.从大多数人看你的目光中,你就知道垃圾工在他们眼里是怪物。 The way I look at it, it’s not what you do that matters so much.依我看，重要的并不是你做什么。 I might have been his son the way he talked.根据他说话的样子，好像我是他的儿子一样。One would think these men owned the earth the way they behave.他们这样行动，人家竟会以为他们是地球的主人。
way的用法
一．Way：“方式”、“方法” 1.表示用某种方法或按某种方式 Do it (in) your own way. Please do not talk (in) that way. 2.表示做某事的方式或方法 It’s the best way of studying [to study] English.。 There are different ways to do [of doing] it. 3.其后通常可直接跟一个定语从句(不用任何引导词)，也可跟由that 或in which 引导的定语从句 正：I don’t like the way he spoke. I don’t like the way that he spoke. I don’t like the way in which he spoke.误：I don’t like the way how he spoke. 4. the way 的从句 That’s the way (=how) he spoke. I know where you are from by the way you pronounce my name. That was the way minority nationalities were treated in old China. Nobody else loves you the way(=as) I do. He did not do it the way his friend did. 二．固定搭配 1. In a/one way：In a way he was right. 2. In the way /get in one’s way I'm afraid your car is in the way， If you are not going to help，at least don't get in the way. You'll have to move－you're in my way. 3. in no way Theory can in no way be separated from practice. 4. On the way (to……) Let’s wait a few moments. He is on the way Spring is on the way. Radio forecasts said a sixth-grade wind was on the way. She has two children with another one on the way. 5. By the way By the way，do you know where Mary lives? 6. By way of Learn English by way of watching US TV series. 8. under way 1. Elbow one’s way He elbowed his way to the front of the queue. 2. shoulder one’s way 3. feel one‘s way 摸索着向前走；We couldn’t see anything in the cave, so we had to feel our way out 4. fight/force one’s way 突破。。。而前进The surrounded soldiers fought their way out. 5.. push/thrust one‘s way（在人群中）挤出一条路He pushed his way through the crowd. 6. wind one’s way 蜿蜒前进 7. lead the way 带路，领路；示范 8. lose one‘s way 迷失方向 9. clear the way 排除障碍，开路迷路 10. make one’s way 前进，行进The team slowly made their way through the jungle.
the way的用法大全
在the way+从句中, the way 是先行词, 其后是定语从句.它有三种表达形式:1) the way+that 2)the way+ in which 3)the way + 从句(省略了that或in which),在通常情况下, 用in which 引导的定语从句最为正式,用that的次之,而省略了关系代词that 或in which 的, 反而显得更自然,最为常用.如下面三句话所示,其意义相同. I like the way in which he talks. I like the way that he talks. I like the way he talks. 如果怕弄混淆，下面的可以不看了 另外，在当代美国英语中,the way用作为副词的对格,"the way+从句"实际上相当于一个状语从句来修饰全句. the way=as 1)I'm talking to you just the way I'd talk to a boy of my own. 我和你说话就象和自己孩子说话一样. 2)He did not do it the way his friend did. 他没有象他朋友那样去做此事. 3)Most fruits are naturally sweet and we can eat them just the way they are ----all we have to do is clean or peel them . 大部分水果天然甜润,可以直接食用,我们只需要把他们清洗一下或去皮. the way=according to the way/judging from the way 4)The way you answer the qquestions, you must be an excellent student. 从你回答就知道,你是一个优秀的学生. 5)The way most people look at you, you'd think a trashman was a monster. 从大多数人看你的目光中,你就知道垃圾工在他们眼里是怪物. the way=how/how much 6)I know where you are from by the way you pronounce my name. 从你叫我名字的音调中,我知道你哪里人. 7)No one can imaine the way he misses her. 人们很想想象他是多么想念她. the way=because 8) No wonder that girls looks down upon me, the way you encourage her. 难怪那姑娘看不起我, 原来是你怂恿的 the way =while/when(表示对比) 9)From that day on, they walked into the classroom carrying defeat on their shoulders the way other students carried textbooks under their arms.
“the-way+从句”结构的意义及用法知识讲解
“the way+从句”结构的意义及用法 首先让我们来看下面这个句子： Read the following passage and talk about it with your classmates. Try to tell what you think of Tom and of the way the children treated him. 在这个句子中，the way是先行词，后面是省略了关系副词that 或in which的定语从句。 下面我们将叙述“the way+从句”结构的用法。 1．the way之后，引导定语从句的关系词是that而不是how,因此，<<现代英语惯用法词典>>中所给出的下面两个句子是错误的：This is the way how it happened. This is the way how he always treats me. 2. 在正式语体中，that可被in which所代替；在非正式语体中，that则往往省略。由此我们得到the way后接定语从句时的三种模式：1) the way +that-从句2) the way +in which-从句3) the way +从句 例如：The way(in which ,that) these comrades look at problems is wrong.这些同志看问题的方法不对。
The way(that ,in which)you’re doing it is completely crazy.你这么个干法，简直发疯。 We admired him for the way in which he faces difficulties. Wallace and Darwin greed on the way in which different forms of life had begun.华莱士和达尔文对不同类型的生物是如何起源的持相同的观点。 This is the way (that) he did it. I liked the way (that) she organized the meeting. 3.the way(that)有时可以与how(作“如何”解)通用。例如： That’s the way (that) she spoke. = That’s how she spoke. I should like to know the way/how you learned to master the fundamental technique within so short a time. 4．the way的其它用法：以上我们讲的都是用作先行词的the way，下面我们将叙述它的一些用法。
定冠词the的12种用法
定冠词the的12种用法 定冠词the 的12 种用法，全知道?快来一起学习吧。下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 定冠词the 的12 种用法，全知道? 定冠词the用在各种名词前面，目的是对这个名词做个记号，表示它的特指属性。所以在词汇表中，定冠词the 的词义是“这个，那个，这些，那些”，可见，the 即可以放在可数名词前，也可以修饰不可数名词，the 后面的名词可以是单数，也可以是复数。 定冠词的基本用法： (1) 表示对某人、某物进行特指，所谓的特指就是“不是别的，就是那个!”如： The girl with a red cap is Susan. 戴了个红帽子的女孩是苏珊。 (2) 一旦用到the，表示谈话的俩人都知道说的谁、说的啥。如：
The dog is sick. 狗狗病了。(双方都知道是哪一只狗) (3) 前面提到过的，后文又提到。如： There is a cat in the tree.Thecat is black. 树上有一只猫，猫是黑色的。 (4) 表示世界上唯一的事物。如： The Great Wall is a wonder.万里长城是个奇迹。(5) 方位名词前。如： thenorth of the Yangtze River 长江以北地区 (6) 在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如： Who is the first?谁第一个? Sam is the tallest.山姆最高。 但是不能认为，最高级前必须加the，如： My best friend. 我最好的朋友。 (7) 在乐器前。如： play the flute 吹笛子
Way的用法
Way用法 A:I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her. B:_______. It was her fault. A. No way B. Not possible C. No chance D. Not at all 说明：正确答案是A. No way，意思是“别想！没门！决不！” 我认为你应该打电话给珍妮并向她道歉。 没门！这是她的错。 再看两个关于no way的例句： （1）Give up our tea break? NO way! 让我们放弃喝茶的休息时间？没门儿！ （2）No way will I go on working for that boss. 我决不再给那个老板干了。 way一词含义丰富，由它构成的短语用法也很灵活。为了便于同学们掌握和用好它，现结合实例将其用法归纳如下： 一、way的含义 1. 路线
He asked me the way to London. 他问我去伦敦的路。 We had to pick our way along the muddy track. 我们不得不在泥泞的小道上择路而行。 2. （沿某）方向 Look this way, please. 请往这边看。 Kindly step this way, ladies and gentlemen. 女士们、先生们，请这边走。 Look both ways before crossing the road. 过马路前向两边看一看。 Make sure that the sign is right way up. 一定要把符号的上下弄对。 3. 道、路、街，常用以构成复合词 a highway（公路），a waterway（水路），a railway（铁路），wayside（路边）
way与time的特殊用法
way/time的特殊用法 1、当先行词是way意思为”方式.方法”的时候,引导定语从句的关系词有下列3种形式： Way在从句中做宾语 The way that / which he explained to us is quite simple. Way在从句中做状语 The way t hat /in which he explained the sentence to us is quite simple. 2、当先行词是time时,若time表示次数时,应用关系代词that引导定语从句,that可以省略; 若time表示”一段时间”讲时,应用关系副词when或介词at/during + which引导定语从句 1.Is this factory _______ we visited last year? 2.Is this the factory-------we visited last year? A. where B in which C the one D which 3. This is the last time _________ I shall give you a lesson. A. when B that C which D in which 4.I don’t like the way ________ you laugh at her. A . that B on which C which D as 5.He didn’t understand the wa y ________ I worked out the problem. A which B in which C where D what 6.I could hardly remember how many times----I’ve failed. A that B which C in which D when 7.This is the second time--------the president has visited the country. A which B where C that D in which 8.This was at a time------there were no televisions, no computers or radios. A what B when C which D that