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国际海上避碰规则

国际海上避碰规则
国际海上避碰规则

附录Ⅱ

1972年国际海上避碰规则

(2001 年修订版)

第一章 总 则

第 一 条

适 用 范 围

1.本规则条款适用于在公海和连接

于公海而可供海船航行的一切水域中的

一切船舶。

2.本规则条款不妨碍有关主管机关为连 接于公海而可供海船航行的任何港外锚地、 港口、江河、湖泊或内陆水道所制订的特殊 规定的实施。这种特殊规定,应尽可能符合 本规则条款。

3.本规则条款不妨碍各国政府为军舰及 护航下的船舶所制定的关于额外的队形灯、 信号灯、号型或号笛,或者为结队从事捕鱼 的渔船所制定的关于额外的队形灯、信号灯、 号型的任何特殊规定的实施。这些额外的队 形灯、信号灯、号型或笛号,应尽可能不致 被误认为本规则其他条文所规定的任何号 灯、号型或信号。

4.为实施本规则,本组织可以采纳分

道通航制。

5.凡经有关政府确定,某种特殊结构或 用途的船舶,如不能完全遵守本规则任何一 条关于号灯或号型的数量、位置、能见距离 或弧度以及声号设备的配置和特性的规定 时,则应遵守其政府在号灯或号型的数量、 位置、能见距离或弧度以及声号设备的配置 和特性方面为之另行确定的尽可能符合本规 则条款要求的规定。 Convention on the International Regulations for PreventingCollisions at Sea, 1972

(COLREGs)

The 2001 amendments*

PART A- GENERAL

Rule 1 Application

(a) These Rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels.

(b) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of special rules made by an appropriate authority for roadsteads, harbours, rivers, lakes or inland waterways connected with the high seas and navigable by seagoing vessels. Such special rules shall conform as closely as possible to these Rules.

(c) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Government of any State with respect to additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels proceeding under convoy, or with respect to additional station or signal lights or shapes for fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fleet. These additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals shall, so far as possible, be such that they cannot be mistaken for any light, shape or signal authorized elsewhere under these Rules.

(d) Traffic separation schemes may be adopted by the Organization for the purpose of these Rules.

(e) Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined that a vessel of special construction or purpose cannot comply fully with the provisions of any of these Rules with respect to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances, such vessel shall comply with such other provisions in regard to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances, as her Government shall have determined to be the closest possible compliance with these Rules in respect of that vessel.

第二条 责 任

1.本规则条款并不免除任何船舶或其所有人、船 长或船员由于遵守本规则条款的任何疏忽,或者按 海员通常做法或当时特殊情况所要求的任何戒备 上的疏忽而产生的各种后果的责任。

2.在解释和遵行本规则条款时,应充分考虑一切 航行和碰撞的危险以及包括当时船舶条件限制在 内的任何特殊情况,这些危险与特殊情况可能需要 背离本规则条款以避免紧迫危险。

第三条

一 般 定 义

除条文另有解释外,在本规则中:

1、“船舶”一词,指用作或者能够用作水上运输 工具的各类水上船筏,包括非排水船筏、地效翼船 和水上飞机。

2.“机动船”一词,指用机器推进的任何船舶。 3.“帆船”一词,指任何驶帆的船舶,如果装 有推进器而不在使用者。

4.“从事捕鱼的船舶”一词,指使用网具、绳 钓、拖网或其他使其操纵性能受到限制的渔具捕 鱼的任何船舶,但不包括使用曳绳钓或其他并不 使其操纵性能受到限制的渔具捕鱼的船舶。 5.“水上飞机”一词,包括为能在水面操纵而 设计的任何航空器。

6.“失去控制的船舶”一词,指由于某种异常情 况,不能按本规则条款的要求进行操纵,因而不能 给他船让路的船舶。

Rule 2 Responsibility

(a) Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary, practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.

(b) In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including the limitations of the vessels involved, which max, make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger.

Rule 3 General definitions

For the purpose of these Rules, except where the context otherwise requires:

(a) The word "vessel" includes every description of water craft, including non-displacement craft WIG craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water.

(b) The term "power-driven vessel" means any vessel propelled by machinery.

(c) The term "sailing vessel" means any vessel under sail provided that propelling machinery, if fitted. is not being used.

(d) The term "vessel engaged in fishing" means any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls or other fishing apparatus which restrict manoeuvrability, but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing_apparatus_which_do_not_restrict manoeuvrability.

(e) The word "seaplane" includes any aircraft designed to manoeuvre on the water.

(f) The term "vessel not under command" means a vessel which through some exceptional circumstance is unable to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way, of another

vessel.

(7). “操纵能力受到限制的船舶”一词,

指由于工作性质,使其按本规则条款的要求 进行操纵的能力受到限制,因而不能给他船 让路的船舶。“操纵能力受到限制的船舶” 一词应包括,但不限于下列船舶:

(1) 从事敷设、维修、起捞助航标志、海底

电缆或管道的船舶;

(2) 从事疏浚、测量或水下作业的船舶;

(3) 在航中从事补给或转运人员、食品或货

物的船舶;

(4) 从事发放或回收航空器的船舶;

(5) 从事清除水雷作业的船舶;

(6) 从事拖带作业的船舶,而该项拖带作业

使该拖船及其被拖物体驶离其航向的能 力严重受到限制者。

8. “限于吃水的船舶”一词,指由于吃水与 可航行水域的水深和宽度的关系,致使其偏 离航向的能力严重地受到限制的机动船。 9.“在航”一词,指船舶不在锚泊、系岸 或搁浅。

10.船舶的“长度”和“宽度”是指其总长 度和最大宽度。

11.只有当一船能自他船以视觉看到时,才 应认为两船是在互见中。

12.“能见度不良”一词,指任何由于雾、 霾、下雪、暴风雨、沙暴或任何其他类似原 因而使能见度受到限制的情况。

13.“地效翼船”一词系指多式船艇,其主 要操作方式是利用表面效应在相当接近水面 的高度飞行。 (g) The term "vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre" means a vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability,' to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel. The term "vessels restricted in their ability to manoeuvre" shall include but not be limited to:

(i) a vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up a navigation mark, submarine cable or pipeline?

(ii) a vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations?

(iii) a vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons, provisions or cargo

while underway?

(iv) a vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft?

(v) a V essel engaged in mine clearance operations?

(vi) a vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts'the towing

vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course.

(h) The term" vessel constrained by her draught" means a power-driven vessel which, because of her draught in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water, is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following.

(i) The word "underway" means that a vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground.

(j) The words "length" and "breadth" of a vessel mean her length overall and greatest breadth.

(k) Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one can be- observed visually from the other.

(l) The term" restricted visibility" means any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow heavy, rainstorms, sandstorms or any other similar causes.

(m) The term "Wing-In-Ground craft" means a

multi-modal craft which, in its main operational mode, files in close proximity to surface by utilizing surface-effect action.

第二章驾驶和航行规则

第一节船舶在任何能见度情况下的行动规 则

第四条

适 用 范 围

本节条款适用于任何能见度的情况。

第五条

第五条

了 望

每一船在任何时候都应使用视觉、听觉以及适 合当时环境和情况的一切有效手段保持正规的 了望,以便对局面的碰撞危险作出充分的估计。

第六条

安 全 航 速

每一船在任何时候都应以安全航速行驶,以便能 采取适当而有效的避碰行动,并能在适合当时环境 和情况的距离以内把船停住。

在决定安全航速时,考虑的因素中应包括下列各 点:

1、对所有船舶:

(1)能见度情况;

(2)通航密度,包括渔船或者任何其他船

的密集程度;

(3)船舶的操纵性能,特别是在当时情况下 的冲程和旋回性能;

(4)夜间出现的背景亮光,诸如来自岸上的

灯光或本船灯光的反向散射;

(5)风、浪和流的状况以及靠近航海危险物

的情况;

(6)吃水和可用水深的关系。

2.对备有可使用的雷达的船舶,还应考虑:

(1)雷达的特性、效率和局限性;

(2) 所选用的雷达距离标尺带来的任何限制;

(3)海况、天气和其他干扰源对雷达探测的

影响;

(4)在适当距离内,雷达对小船、浮冰和其

他漂浮物有探测不到的可能性;

(5)雷达探测到的船舶数目、位置和动态;

(6)当用雷达测定附近船舶或其他物体的距离 时,可能对能见度作出更确切的估计。

PART B - STEERING AND SAILING RULES Section 1 - Conduct of vessels in any condition of visibility Rule 4 Application

Rules in this section apply in any condition of visibility.

Rule 5 Look-out

Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and heating as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.

Rule 6 Safe speed

Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions. In determining a safe speed the following factors shall be among those taken into account: (a) By all vessels:

(i) the state of visibility.

(ii) the traffic density including concentrations of fishing vessels or any other vessels?

(iii) the manoeuvrability of the vessel with special reference to stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions?

(iv) at night the presence of background light such as from shore lights or from back scatter of her own lights?

(v) the state of wind, sea and current, and the proximity of navigational hazards?

(vi) the draught in relation to the available depth of water.

(b) Additionally, by vessels with operational radar:

(i) the characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the radar equipment?

(ii) any constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use?

(iii) the effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other sources of interference?

(iv) the possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating objects may not be detected by radar at an adequate range?

(v) the number, location and movement of vessels detected by radar?

(vi) the more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the vicinity.

第七条

碰 撞 危 险

1.每一船舶都应使用适合当时环境和情况的一切 有效手段断定是否存在碰撞危险,如有任何怀疑, 则应认为存在这种危险。

2.如装有雷达设备并可使用的话,则应正确予以 使用,包括远距离扫描,以便获得碰撞危险的早期 警报,并对探测到的物标进行雷达标绘或与其相当 的系统观察。

3.不应当根据不充分的资料,特别是不充分的 雷达观测资料作出推断。

4.在断定是否存在碰撞危险时,考虑的因素中 应包括下列各点:

(1)如果来船的罗经方位没有明显变化,则应 认为存在这种危险;

(2)即使有明显的方位变化,有时也可能存在这 种危险,特别是在驶近一艘很大的船舶或拖带船组 时,或是近距离驶近他船时。

第八条

避免碰撞的行动

1、为避免碰撞所采取的任何行动应根据本章各

条规定,并且,如当时环境许可,应是积极的,

及早地进行和充分注意运用良好的船艺。

2、为避免碰撞而作的航向和(或)航速的任何

变动,如当时环境许可,应大得足以使他船用视

觉或雷达观察时容易察觉到;应避免对航向和

(或)航速作一连串的小变动。

3.如有足够的水域,则单用转向可能是避免紧

迫局面的最有效行动,倘若这种行动是及时的、 大幅度的,并且不致造成另一紧迫局面。

4.为避免与他船碰撞而采取的行动,应能导致 在安全距离驶过。应细心查核避让行动的有效 性,直到最后驶过让清他船为止。

Rule 7 Risk of collision

(a) Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions to determine if risk of collision exists. If there is any doubt such risk shall be deemed to exist.

(b) Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational, including long-range scanning to obtain early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects.

(c) Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information, especially scanty radar information.

(d) In determining if risk of collision exists the following considerations shall be among those taken into account:

(i) such risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change?

(ii) such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel at close range.

Rule 8 Action to avoid collision

(a) Any action to avoid collision shall be taken in accordance with the Rules of this Part and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be positive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship.

(b) Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar? a succession of small alterations of course and/or speed should be avoided.

(c) If there is sufficient sea-room, alteration of course alone may be the most effective action to avoid a

close-quarters situation provided that it is made in good time, is substantial and does not result in another close-quarters situation.

(d) Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such as to result in passing at a safe distance. The effectiveness of the action shall be carefully checked until the other vessel is finally past and clear.

5.如需为避免碰撞或留有更多的时间来估计局 面,船舶应当减速或者停止或倒转推进器把船停 住。

6.(1)根据本规则任何规定,要求不应妨碍另 一艘船舶的通过或安全通过的船舶应根据当时 环境的需要及早地采取行动以留出足够的水域 供他船安全通过。

(2)如果在接近其他船舶致有构成碰撞危险时, 被要求不应妨碍另一艘船舶的通过或安全通过 的船舶并不解除这一责任,且当采取行动时,应 充分考虑到本章条款可能要求的行动。

(3)当两船相互接近致有构成碰撞危险时,其 通过不应被妨碍的船舶,仍有完全遵守本章各条 规定的责任。

第九条

狭 水 道

1.沿狭水道或航道行驶的船舶,只要安全可行, 应尽量靠近其右舷的该水道或航道的外缘行驶。 2.帆船或者长度小于20m的船舶,不应妨碍只能在

狭水道或航道以内安全航行的船舶通行。

3.从事捕鱼的船舶,不应妨碍任何其他在狭水 道或航道以内航行的船舶通行。

4.船舶不应穿越狭水道或航道,如果这种穿越会 妨碍只能在这种水道或航道以内安全航行的船舶 通行。后者若对穿越船的意图有怀疑时,可以使用 第三十四条4款规定的声号。

(5) If necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the situation, a vessel shall slacken her speed or take all way off by stopping or reversing her means of propulsion.

(6)(i) A vessel which, by any of these Rules, is required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel shall, when required by the circumstances of the case, take early action to allow sufficient sea-room for the safe passage of the other vessel.

(ii) A vessel required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel is not relieved of this obligation if approaching the other vessel so as to involve risk of collision and shall, when taking action, have full regard to the action which may be required by the Rules of this part.

(iii) A vessel the passage of which is not to be impeded remains fully obliged to comply with the Rules of this part when the mo vessels are approaching one another so as to involve risk of collision.

Rule 9 Narrow channels

(a) A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable.

(b) A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway.

(c) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway.

(d) A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or

fairway if such crossing impedes the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway. The latter vessel may use the sound signal prescribed in Rule 34(d) if in doubt as to the intention of the crossing vessel.

5、(1)在狭水道或航道内,如只有在被追越船必 须采取行动以允许安全通过才能追越时,则企图迫 越的船,应鸣放第三十四条3款(1)项所规定的相 应声号,以表示本船的意图。被迫越船如果同意, 应鸣放第三十四条3款(2)项所规定的相应声号, 并采取使之能安全通过的措施。如有怀疑,则可以 鸣放第三十四条4款所规定的声号。

(2)本条并不解除追越船根据第十三条所负的 义务。

6.船舶在驶近可能有其他船舶被居间障碍物遮蔽 的狭水道或航道的弯头或地段时,应特别机警和谨 慎地驾驶,并应鸣放第三十四条5款规定的相应声 号。

7.任何船舶,如当时环境许可,都应避免在狭 水道内锚泊。

第十条

分道通航制

1.本条适用于本组织采纳的分道通航制,但并不

解除任何船舶遵守任何其他各条规定的责任。 2.使用分道通航制区域的船舶应:

(1) 在相应的通航分道内顺着该分道的船舶总流

向行驶;

(2) 尽可能让开通航分隔线或分隔带;

(3) 通常在通航分道的端部驶进或驶出,但从分

道的任何一侧驶进或驶出时则应与分道的船

舶总流向形成尽可能小的角度。

3.船舶应尽可能避免穿越通航分道,但如不得 不穿越时,应尽可能用与分道的船舶总流向成直 角的船首向穿越。

4.(1)当船舶可安全使用邻近分道通航制区域 中相应通航分道时,不应使用沿岸通航带。但长 度小于 20m的船舶、 帆船和从事捕鱼的船舶可使 用沿岸通航带。

(2)尽管有本条4款(1)项规定,当船舶抵离 位于沿岸通航带中的港口、

近岸设施或建筑物、 引航站或任何其他地方或为避免紧迫危险时, 可使用沿岸通航带。

(e)(i) In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place only if the vessel to be overtaken has to take action to permit safe passing, the vessel intending to overtake shall indicate her intention by sounding the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(i). The vessel to be overtaken shall, if in agreement, sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(ii) and take steps to permit safe passing. If in doubt she may sound the signals prescribed in Rule 34(d).

(ii) This Rule does not relieve the overtaking vessel of her obligation under Rule 13.

(f) A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall navigate with particular alertness and caution and shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(e).

(g) Any vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid anchoring in a narrow channel.

Rule 10 Traffic separation schemes (a) This Rule applies to traffic separation schemes adopted by the Organization and does not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any other rule.

(b) A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall: (i) proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic flow for that lane?

(ii) so far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation line or separation zone?

(iii) normally join or leave a traffic lane at the termination of the lane, but when joining or leaving from either side shall do so at as small an angle to the general direction of traffic flow as practicable.

(c) A vessel shall, so far as practicable, avoid crossing traffic lanes but if obliged to do so shall cross on a heading as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow.

(d) (i) A vessel shall not use an inshore traffic zone when she can safely use the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme. However, vessels of less than 20 metres in length, sailing vessels and vessels engaged in fishing may use the inshore traffic zone.

(ii) Notwithstanding subparagraph (d)(i), a vessel may use an inshore traffic zone when en route to or from a port, offshore installation or structure, pilot station or any other place situated within the inshore traffic zone, or to avoid immediate danger.

5.除穿越船或者驶进或驶出通航分道的船舶外, 船舶通常不应进入分隔带或穿越分隔线,除非:

(1)在紧急情况下避免紧迫危险

(2)在紧急情况下避免紧迫危险

6.船舶在分道通航制区域端部附近行驶时,应 特别谨慎。

7.船舶应尽可能避免在分道通航制区域内或其 端部附近锚泊。

8.不使用分道通航制区域的船舶,应尽可能远 离该区。

9.从事捕鱼的船舶,不应妨碍按通航分道行驶的 任何船舶的通行。

10.帆船或长度小于 20m的船舶,不应妨碍按分 道通航行驶的机动船舶的安全通行。

11.操纵能力受到限制的船舶,当在分道通航制 区域内从事维护航行安全的作业时,在执行该作 业所必需的限度内,免受本条规定的约束。 12.操纵能力受到限制的船舶,当在分道通航制 区域内从事铺设、维修或起捞海底电缆时,在执 行该作业所必需的限度内,免受本条规定的约 束。

第二节船舶在互见中的行动规则

第十一条

适 用 范 围

本节条款适用于互见中的船舶。

第十二条

帆 船

1.两艘帆船相互驶近致有构成碰撞危险时,其中 一船应按下列规定给他船让路:

(1)两船在不同舷受风时,左舷受风的船应给 他船让路;

(2)两船在同舷受风时,上风船应给下风船让 路;

(e) A vessel other than a crossing vessel or a vessel joining or leaving a lane shall not normally enter a separation zone or cross a separation line except: (i) in cases of emergency to avoid immediate danger? (ii) to engage in fishing within a separation zone. (f) A vessel navigating in areas near the terminations of traffic separation schemes shall do so with particular caution.

(g) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a traffic separation scheme or in areas near its terminations

(h) A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it by as wide a margin as is practicable.

(i) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any vessel following a traffic lane.

(j) A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the safe passage of a power-driven vessel following a traffic lane.

(k) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for the maintenance of safety of navigation in a traffic separation scheme is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.

(l) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for the laying, servicing or picking up of a submarine cable, within a traffic separation scheme, is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.

Section II - Conduct of vessels in sight of one another

Rule 11 Application

Rules in this section apply to vessels in sight of one another.

Rule 12 Sailing vessels

(a) When two sailing vessels are approaching one another, so as to involve risk of collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other as follows: (i) when each has the wind on a different side, the vessel which has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other?

(ii) when both have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward?

(3)如左舷受风的船看到在上风的船而不能断 定究竟该船是左舷受风还是右舷受风,则应给该 船让路。

2.就本条规定而言,船舶的受风舷侧应认为是 主帆被吹向的一舷的对面舷侧;对于方帆船,则 应认为是最大纵帆被吹向的一舷的对面舷侧。

第十三条

追 越

1. 不论第二章第一节和第二节的各条规定如 何,任何船舶在追越任何他船时,均应给被追越 船让路。

2. 船正从他船正横后大于22.5度的某一方向 赶上他船时,即该船对其所追越的船所处的位 置,在夜间只能看见被追越船的尾灯而不能看见 它的任一舷灯时,应认为是在追越中。

3. 当一船对其是否在追越他船有任何怀疑时, 该船应假定是在追越,并应采取相应行动。

4.随后两船间方位的任何改变,都不应把追越 船作为本规则条款含义中所指的交叉相遇船,或 者免除其让开被追越船的责任,直到最后驶过让 清为止。

第十四条

对 遇 局 面

1.当两艘机动船在相反的或接近相反的航向上 相遇致有构成碰撞危险时,各应向右转向,从而 各从他船的左舷驶过。

2.当一船看见他船在正前方或接近正前方,并 且,在夜间能看见他船的前后桅灯成一直线或接 近一直线和(或)两盏舷灯;在白天能看到他船 的上述相应形态时,则应认为存在这样的局面。 3.当一船对是否存在这样的局面有任何怀疑时, 该船应假定确实存在这种局面,并采取相应的行 动。

(iii) if a vessel with the wind on the port side sees a vessel to windward and cannot determine with certainty whether the other vessel has the wind on the port or on the starboard side, she shall keep out of the way of the other.

(b) For the purpose of this Rule the windward side shall be deemed to be the side opposite to that on which the mainsail is carried or, in the case of a square-rigged vessel, the side opposite to that on which the largest fore-and-aft sail is carried.

Rule 13 Overtaking

(a) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules of part B, sections I and II, any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken.

(b) A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel froma a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam, that is, in such a position with reference to the vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only the stern light of that vessel but neither of her sidelights.

(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she shall assume that this is the case and act accordingly.

(d) Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall not make the overtaking vessel a

crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear.

Rule 14 Head-on situation

(a) When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision each shall alter her course to starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of the other. (b) Such a situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessel sees the other ahead or nearly ahead and by night she could see the masthead lights of the other in a line or nearly in a line and/or both sidelights and by day she observes the corresponding aspect of the other vessel.

(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether such a situation exists she shall assume that it does exist and act accordingly.

第十五条

交叉相遇局面

当两艘机动船交叉相遇致有构成碰撞危险时, 有他船在本船右舷的船舶应给他船让路,如当时环 境许可,还应避免横越他船的前方。

第十六条

让路船的行动

须给他船让路的船舶,应尽可能及早地采取 大幅度的行动,宽裕地让清他船。

第十七条

直航船的行动

1.(1)两船中的一般应给另一船让路时,另一 船应保持航向和航速。

(2)然而,当保持航向和航速的船一经发现规定 的让路船显然没有遵照本规则条款采取适当行动 时,该船即可独自采取操纵行动,以避免碰撞。 2.当规定保持航向和航速的船,发觉本船不论由 于何种原因逼近到单凭让路船的行动不能避免碰 撞时,也应采取最有助于避碰的行动。 3.在交叉相遇的局面下,机动船按照本条1款(2) 项采取行动以避免与另一艘机动船碰撞时,如当时 环境许可,不应对在本船左舷的船采取向左转向。 4.本条并不解除让路船的让路义务。

第十八条

船舶之间的责任

除第九、十和十三条另有规定外:

1.机动船在航时应给下述船舶让路:

(1)失去控制的船舶;

(2)操纵能力受到限制的船舶;

(3)从事捕鱼的船舶;

(4)帆船。

2.帆船在航时应给下述船舶让路:

(1)失去控制的船舶;

(2)操纵能力受到限制的船舶;

(3)从事捕鱼的船舶。

Rule 15 Crossing situation

When two power-driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel.

Rule 16 Action by give- way vessel Every. vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, so far as possible, take early and substantial action to keep well clear.

Rule 17 Action by stand-on vessel

(a)

(i) Where one of two vessels is to keep out of the way the other shall keep her course and speed.

(ii) The latter vessel may however take action to avoid collision by her manoeuvre alone, as soon as it becomes apparent to her that the vessel required to keep out of the way is not taking appropriate action in compliance with these Rules.

(b) When, from any cause, the vessel required to keep her course and speed finds herself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give-way vessel alone, she shall take such action as will best aid to avoid collision.

(c) A power-driven vessel which takes action in a crossing situation in accordance with subparagraph (1)(ii) of this Rule to avoid collision with another power-driven vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, not alter course to port for a vessel on her own port side.

(d) This Rule does not relieve the give-way vessel of her obligation to keep out of the way.

Rule 18 Responsibilities between vessels Except where Rules 9, 10 and 13 otherwise require: (a) A power-driven vessel underway shall keep out of the way of:

(i) a vessel not under command?

(ii) a vessel restricted in her ability, to manoeuvre? (iii) a vessel engaged in fishing?

(iv) a sailing vessel.

(b) A sailing vessel underway shall keep out of the way of:

(i) a vessel not under command?

(ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre? (iii) a vessel engaged in fishing.

3.从事捕鱼的船舶在航时,应尽可能给下述船舶 让路:

(1)失去控制的船舶;

(2)操纵能力受到限制的船舶。

4.(1)除失去控制的船舶或操纵能力受到限制 的船舶外,任何船舶,如当时环境许可.应避免 妨碍显示第二十八条信号的限于吃水的船舶的 安全通行。

(2)限于吃水的船舶应全面考虑其特殊条件, 特别谨慎地驾驶。

5.在水面的水上飞机,通常应宽裕地让清所有 船舶,并避免妨碍其航行。然而在有碰撞危险的 情况下,则应遵守本章各条的规定。

6.(1)地效翼船在起飞、降落和贴近水面飞行 时应宽裕地让清所有其他船舶,并避免妨碍他们 的航行;

(2)地效翼船在水面操作时,应作为机动 船,遵守本章各条。

第三节船舶在能见度不良时的行动 规则

第十九条

船舶在能见度不良时的行动规则

1.本条适用于在能见度不良的水域中或在其附 近航行时不在互见中的船舶。

2.每一船应以适合当时能见度不良的环境和情 况的安全航速行驶,机动船应将机器作好随时操 纵的准备。

3.在遵守本章第一节各条时,每一船应充分考 虑当时能见度不良的环境和情况。

4.一船仅凭雷达测到他船时,应判定是否正在 形成紧迫局面和(或)存在碰撞危险。若是如此, 应及早地采取避让行动,如果这种行动包括转 向,则应尽可能避免如下各点:

(c) A vessel engaged in fishing when underway shall, so far as possible, keep out of the way of.

(i) a vessel not under command?

(ii) a vessel restricted in her ability, to manoeuvre. (d)

(i) Any vessel other than a vessel not under command or a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid impeding the safe passage of a vessel constrained by her draught, exhibiting the signals in Rule 28.

(ii) A vessel constrained by her draught shall navigate with particular caution having full regard to her special condition.

(e) A seaplane on the water shall, in general, keep well clear of all vessels and avoid impeding their navigation. In circumstances, however, where risk of collision exists, she shall comply with the Rules of this part.

(f)

(i) A WIG craft, when taking off, landing and in flight near the surface, shall keep well clear of all other vessels and avoid impeding their navigation?

(ii) A WIG craft operating on the water surface shall

comply with the Rules of this Part as a power-driven vessel.

Section III - conduct of vessels in restricted visibility

Rule 19 Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility (a) This Rule applies to vessels not in sight of one another when navigating in or near an area of restricted visibility.

(b) Every vessel shall proceed at a safe speed adapted to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility. A power-driven vessel shall have her engines ready for immediate manoeuvre.

(c) Every vessel shall have due regard to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility when complying with the Rules of section I of this part.

(d) A vessel which detects by radar alone the presence of another vessel shall determine if a close-quarters situation is developing and/or risk of collision exists. If so, she shall take avoiding atction in ample time, provided that when such action consists of an alteration of course, so far as possible the following shall be avoided:

(1)除对被追越船外,对正横前的船舶采取向 左转向;

(2)对正横或正横后的船舶采取朝着它转向。 5.除已断定不存在碰撞危险外,每一船舶当听 到他船的雾号显似在本船正横以前,或者与正横 以前的他船不能避免紧迫局面时,应将航速减到 能维持其航向的最小速度。必要时,应把船完全 停住,而且,无论如何,应极其谨慎地驾驶,直 到碰撞危险过去为止。

第三章号灯和号型

第二十条

适 用 范 围

1.本章条款在各种天气中都应遵守。 2.有关号灯的各条规定,从日没到日出时都应 遵守。在此时间内不应显示别的灯光,但那些不 会被误认为本规则条款订明的号灯,或者不会削 弱号灯的能见距离或显著特性,或者不会妨碍正 规了望的灯光除外。

3、本规则条款所规定的号灯,如已设置,也应 在能见度不良的情况下从日出到日没时显示,并 可在一切其他认为必要的情况下显示。

4.有关号型的各条规定,在白天都应遵守。 5.本规则条款订明的号灯和号型,应符合本规 则附录一的规定。

第二十一条

定 义

1.“桅灯”是指定置在船的首尾中心线上方的 白灯,在225度的水平弧内显示不间断的灯光, 其装置要使灯光从船的正前方到每一舷正横后 22.5度内显示。

(i) an alteration of course to port for a vessel forward of the beam, other than for a vessel being overtaken? (ii) an alteration of course towards a vessel abeam or abaft the beam.

(e) Except where it has been determined that a risk of collision does not exist, every vessel which hears apparently forward of her beam the fog signal of another vessel, or which cannot avoid a close-quarters situation with another vessel forward of her beam, shall reduce her speed to the minimum at which she can be kept on her course. She shall if necessary take all her way off and in any event navigate with extreme caution until danger of collision is over.

PART C - LIGHTS AND SHAPES

Rule 20 Application

(a) Rules in this part shall be complied with in all weathers.

(b) The Rules concerning lights shall be complied with from sunset to sunrise, and during such times no other lights shall be exhibited, except such lights as cannot be mistaken for the lights specified in these Rules or do not impair their visibility or distinctive character, or interfere with the keeping of a proper look-out.

(c) The lights prescribed by these Rules shall, if carried, also be exhibited from sunrise to sunset in restricted visibility and may be exhibited in all other circumstances when it is deemed necessary.

(d) The Rules concerning shapes shall be complied with by day.

(e) The lights and shapes specified in these Rules shall comply with the provisions of Annex I to these Regulations.

Rule 21 Definitions

(a) "Masthead light" means a white light placed over the fore and aft centreline of the vessel showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 225 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 225 degrees abaft the beam on either side of the vessel.

2.“舷灯”是指右舷的绿灯和左舷的红灯,各 在112.5度的水平弧内显示不间断的灯光、其装 置要使灯光从船的正前方到各自一舷的正横后 22.5度内分别显示。长度小于20m的船舶,其舷 灯可以合并成一盏,装设于船的首尾中心线上。

3、“尾灯”是指安置在尽可能接近船尾的白灯, 在135度的水平弧内显示不间断的灯光,其装置 要使灯光从船的正后方到每一舷67.5度内显示。 4.“拖带灯”是指具有与本条3款所述“尾灯” 相同特性的黄灯。

5.“环照灯”是指在360度的水平弧内显示不间 断灯光的号灯。

6“闪光灯”是指每隔一定时间以频率为每分钟 闪120次或120次以上的号灯。

第二十二条

号灯的能见距离本规则条款规定的号灯,应具有本规则附录一第

8节订明的发光强度,以便在下列最小距离上能 被看到:

1.长度为50m或50m以上的船舶:

—桅灯,6海里;

—舷灯,3海里;

—尾灯,3海里;

—拖带灯,3海里;

—白、红、绿或黄色环照灯,3海里。

2.长度为12m或12m以上但小于50m的船舶: —桅灯,5海里,但长度小于20m的船舶,3海里: —舷灯,2海里;

—尾灯,2海里;

—拖带灯,2海里;

—白、红、绿或黄色环照灯,2海里。

3.长度为12m的船舶:

—桅灯,2海里;

—舷灯,1海里;

—尾灯,2海里;

—拖带灯,2海里;

—白、红、绿或黄色环照灯,2海里。

(b) "Sidelights" means a green light on the starboard side and a red light on the port side each showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 112.5 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on its respective side. In a vessel of less than 20 metres in length the sidelights may be combined in one lantern carried on the fore and aft centre line of the vessel.

(c) "Sternlight" means a white light placed as nearly as practicable at the stern showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 135 degree and so fixed as to show the light 67.5 degrees from right aft on each side of the vessel.

(d) "Towing light" means a yellow light having the same characteristics as the "sternlight" defined in paragraph (3) of this Rule.

(e) "All-round light" means a light showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 360 degrees.

(f) "Flashing light" means a light flashing at regular intervals at a frequences of 120 flashes or more per minute.

Rule 22 Visibility of lights

The lights prescribed in these Rules shall have an intensity as specifies in section 8 of Annex I to these Regulations so as to be visible at the following minimum ranges:

(a) In vessels of 50 metres or more in length:

- a masthead light, 6 miles?

- a sidelight, 3 miles?

- a sternlight, 3 miles?

- a towing light, 3 miles?

- a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 3 miles.

(b) In vessels of 12 metres or more in length but less than 50 metres in length:

-a masthead light, 5 miles? except that where the length of the vessel is less than 20 metres, 3 miles?

- a sidelight, 2 miles?

- a sternlight, 2 miles?

- a towing light, 2 miles?

- a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 2 miles.

(c) In vessels of less than 12 metres in length:

- a masthead light, 2 miles?

- a sidelight, 1 mile?

- a sternlight, 2 miles?

- a towing light, 2 miles?

- a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 2 miles 4.不易察觉的、部分淹没的被拖船舶或物体: —白色环照灯,3海里。

第二十三条

在航机动船

1.在航机动船应显示:

(1)在前部一盏桅灯;

(2)第二盏桅灯,后于并高于前桅灯;长度小 于50m的船舶,不要求显示该桅灯,但可以这样 做;

(3)两盏舷灯;

(4)一盏尾灯。

2.气垫船在非排水状态下航行时,除本条1款规 定的号灯外,还应显示一盏环照黄色闪光灯。 3.地效翼船只有在起飞、降落和贴近水面飞行 时,除本条第(1)款规定的号灯外,才应显示 一盏高强度的环照红色闪光灯。 4.(1)长度小于12m的机动船,可以显示一盏 环照白灯和舷灯以代替本条1款规定的号灯; (2) 长度小于7m且其最高速度不超过7节的机动 船,可以显示一盏环照白灯以代替本条1 款规定 的号灯。如可行,也应显示舷灯;

(3)长度小于12m的机动船的桅灯或环照白灯, 如果不可能装设在船的首尾中心线上,可以离开 中心线显示,条件是其舷灯合并成一盏,并应装 设在船的首尾中心线上,或尽可能地装设在接近 该桅灯或环照白灯所在的首尾线的附近。

第二十四条

拖带和顶推

1.机动船当拖带时应显示:

(1)垂直两盏桅灯,以取代第二十三条1款(1) 项或1款(2)项规定的号灯。当从拖船船尾量到 被拖物体后端的拖带长度超过200m时, 垂直显示 三盏这样的号灯;

(d) In inconspicuous, partly submerged vessels or objects being towed:

- a white all-round light, 3 miles.

Rule 23 Power-driven vessels underway (a) A power-driven vessel underway shall exhibit: (i) a masthead light forward?

(ii) a second masthead ,light abaft of and higher than the forward one? except that a vessel of less than 50 metres in length shall not be obliged to exhibit such light but may do so?

(iii) sidelights?

(iv) a sternlight.

(b) An air-cushion vessel when operating in the non-displacement mode shall, in addition to the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule, exhibit an all-round flashing yellow light.

(c) A WIG craft only when taking off, landing and in

flight near the surface shall, in addition to the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule, exhibit a high-intensity all-round flashing red light.

(d)(i) A power-driven vessel of less than 12 metres in length may in lieu of the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule exhibit an all-round white light and sidelights?

(ii) a power-driven vessel of less than 7 metres in length whose maximum speed does not exceed 7 knots may in lieu of the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule exhibit an all-round white light and shall, if practicable, also exhibit sidelights?

(iii) the masthead light or all-round white light on a power-driven vessel of less than 12 metres in length may be displaced from the fore and aft centreline of the vessel if centreline fitting is not practicable, provided that the sidelights are combined in one lantern which shall be carried on the fore and aft centreline of the vessel or located as nearly as practicable in the same fore and aft line as the masthead light or the all-round white light.

Rule 24 Towing and pushing

(a) A power-driven vessel when towing shall exhibit:

(i) instead of the light prescribed in Rule 23(a)(i) or (a)(ii), two masthead lights in a vertical line. When the length of the tow. measuring from the stern of the towing vessel to the after end of the tow exceeds 200 metres, three such lights in a vertical line?

(2)两盏舷灯;

(3)一盏尾灯;

(4)一盏拖带灯垂直于尾灯的上方;

(5)当拖带长度超过 200m时,在最易见处显示 一个菱形体号型。

2.当一顶推船和一被顶推船牢固地连接成为一组 合体时,则应作为一艘机动船,显示第二十三条规 定的号灯。

3.机动船当顶推或旁拖时,除组合体外,应显 示:

(1)垂直两盏桅灯,以取代第二十三条1款(1)项 或1款(2)项规定的号灯;

(2)两盏舷灯;

(3)一盏尾灯。

4.适用本条1或3款的机动船,还应遵守第二十 三条1款(2)项的规定。

5.除本条7款所述者外,一艘被拖船或被拖物体 应显示:

(1)两盏舷灯;

(2)一盏尾灯;

(3)当拖带长度超过200m时,在最易见处显示 一个菱形体号型。

6.任何数目的船舶如作为一组被旁拖或顶推时, 应作为一艘船来显示号灯:

(1)一艘被顶推船,但不是组合体的组成部分, 应在前端显示两盏舷灯;

(2)一艘被旁拖的船应显示一盏尾灯,并在前 端显示两盏舷灯。

7.一艘不易觉察的、部分淹没的被拖船或物体 或者这类船舶或物体的组合体应显示:

(1)除弹性拖曳体不需要在前端或接近前端处 显示灯光外,如宽度小于25m,在前后两端或接 近前后两端处各显示一盏环照白灯;

(2)如宽度为25m或25m以上时,在两侧最宽处 或接近最宽处,另加两盏环照灯;

(ii) sidelights?

(iii) a stemlight?

(iv) a towing light in a vertical line above the sternlight?

(v) when the length of the tow exceeds 200 metres, a diamond shape where it can best be seen.

(b) When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigidly connected in a composite unit they shall be regarded as a power-driven vessel and exhibit the lights prescribed in Rule 23.

(c) A power-driven vessel when pushing ahead or towing alongside, except in the case of a composite unit, shall exhibit:

(i) instead of the light prescribed in Rule 23(1)(i) or

(1)(ii), two masthead lights in a vertical line?

(ii) sidelights?

(iii) a sternlight.

(d) A power-driven vessel to which paragraph (a) or (c) of this Rule applies shall also comply with Rule 23(a)(ii).

(e) A vessel or object being towed, other than those mentioned in paragraph (g) of this Rule, shall exhibit: (i) sidelights?

(ii) a sternlight?

(iii) when the length of the tow exceeds 200 metres, a diamond shape where it can best be seen.

(f) Provided that any number of vessels being towed alongside or pushed in a group shall be lighted as one vessel,

(i) a vessel being pushed ahead, not being part of a composite unit, shall exhibit at the forward end, sidelights?

(ii) a vessel being towed alongside shall exhibit a stemlight and at the forward end, sidelights.

(g) An inconspicuous, partly submerged vessel or object, or combination of such vessels or objects being towed, shall exibit:

(i) if it is less than 25 metres in breadth, one all-round white light at or near the forward end and one at or near the after end except that dracones need not exhibit a light at or near the forward end?

(ii) if it is 25 metres or more in breadth, two additional all-round white lights at or near the extremities of its breadth?

(3)如长度超过100m,在(1)和(2)项规定 的号灯之间,另加若干环照白灯,使得这些灯之 间的距离不超过100m;

(4)在最后一艘被拖船或物体的末端或接近末端 处,显示一个菱形体号型,如果拖带长度超过 200m时, 在尽可能前部的最易见处另加一个菱形 体号型。

8.凡由于任何充分理由,被拖船舶或物体不可 能显示本条5或7款规定的号灯或号型时,应采取 一切可能的措施使被拖船舶或物体上有灯光,或 至少能表明这种船舶或物体的存在。

9.凡由于任何充分理由,使得一艘通常不从事 拖带作业的船不可能按本条1或3款的规定显示 号灯,这种船舶在从事拖带另一艘遇险或需要救 助的船舶时,就不要求显示这些号灯。但应采取 如第三十六条所准许的一切可能措施来表明拖 带船与被拖带船之间关系的性质,尤其应将拖缆 照亮。

第二十五条

在航帆船和划桨船

1.在航帆船应显示:

(1)两盏舷灯;

(2)一盏尾灯。

2.在长度小于20m的帆船上,本条1款规定的号 灯可以合并成一盏,装设在桅顶或接近桅顶的最 易见处。

3.在航帆船,除本条1款规定的号灯外,还可在 桅顶或接近桅顶的最易见处,垂直显示两盏环照 灯,上红下绿。但这些环照灯不应和本条2款所 允许的合色灯同时显示。

(iii) if it exceeds 100 metres in length, additional all-round white lights between the lights prescribed in subparagraphs (i) and (ii) so that the distance between the lights shall not exceed 100 metres?

(iv) a diamond shape at or near the aftermost extremity of the last vessel or object being towed and if the length of the tow exceeds 200 metres an additional diamond shape where it can best be seen and located as far forward as is practicable.

(h) Where from any sufficient cause it is impracticable for a vessel or object being towed to exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in paragraph (e) or (g) of this

Rule, all possible measures shall be taken to light the vessel or object towed or at least to indicate the presence of such vessel or object.

(i) Where from any sufficient cause it is impracticable for a vessel not normally engaged in towing operations to display the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) or (c) of this Rule, such vessel shall not be required to exhibit those lights when engaged in towing another vessel in distress or otherwise in need of assistance. All possible measures shall be taken to indicate the nature of the relationship between the towing vessel and the vessel being towed as authorized by Rule 36, in particular by illuminating the towline.

Rule 25 Sailing vessels underway and vessels

under oars.

(a) A sailing vessel underway shall exhibit:

(i) sidelights?

(ii) a stemlight.

(b) In a sailing vessel of less than 20 metres in length the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule may be combined in one lantern carded at or near the top of the mast where it can best be seen.

(c)A sailing vessel underway may, in addition to the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule, exhibit at or near the top of the mast, where they can best be seen, two alt-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being red and the lower green, but these lights shall not be exhibited in conjunction with the combined lantern permitted by paragraph(2) of this Rule.

4.(1)长度小于7m的帆船,如可行,应显示 本条1或2款规定的号灯。但如果不这样做,则 应在手边备妥白光的电筒一个或点着的白灯一 盏,及早显示,以防碰撞。

(2)划桨船可以显示本条为帆船规定的号灯,但 如不这样做,则应在手边备妥白光的电筒一个 或点着的白灯一盏,及早显示,以防碰撞。 5.用帆行驶同时也用机器推进的船舶,应在前 部最易见处显示一个圆锥体号型,尖端向下。

第二十六条

渔 船

1.从事捕鱼的船舶,不论在航还是锚泊,只应显 示本条规定的号灯和号型。

2.船舶从事拖网作业,即在水中拖曳爬网或其 他用作渔具的装置时,应显示:

(1)垂直两盏环照灯,上绿下白,或一个由上 下垂直、尖端对接的两个圆锥体所组成的号型; (2)一盏桅灯,后于并高于那盏环照绿灯;长 度小于50m的船舶,则不要求显示该桅灯,但可 以这样做;

(3)当对水移动时,除本款规定的号灯外,还 应显示两盏舷灯和一盏尾灯。

3.从事捕鱼作业的船舶,除拖网作业者外,应 显示:

(1)垂直两盏环照灯,上红下白,或一个由上 下垂直、尖端对接的两个圆锥体所组成的号型; (2)当有外伸渔具,其从船边伸出的水平距离 大于150m时,应朝着渔具的方向显示一盏环照 灯或一个尖端向上的圆锥体号型;

(3)当对水移动时,除本款规定的号灯外,还 应显示两盏舷灯和一盏尾灯。

(d)(i) A sailing vessel of less than 7 metres in length shall, if practicable, exhibit the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Rule, but if he does not, she shall have ready at hand an electric torch or lighted lantern showing a white light which shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision.

(ii) A vessel under oars may exhibit the lights prescribed in this Rule for sailing vessels, but if she does not, she shall have ready at hand an electric torch or lighted lantern showing a white light which shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision.

(e) A vessel proceeding under sail when also being propelled by machinery shall exhibit forward where it can best be seen a conical shape, apex downwards.

Rule 26 Fishing vessels

(a) A vessel engaged in fishing, whether underway or at anchor, shall exhibit only the lights and shapes prescribed in this Rule.

(b) A vessel when engaged in trawling, by which is meant the dragging through the water of a dredge net or other apparatus used as a fishing appliance, shall exhibit:

(i) two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being green and the lower white, or a shape consisting of two cones with their apexes together in a vertical line one above the other?

(ii) a masthead light abaft of and higher than the all-round green light? a vessel of less than 50 metres in length shall not be obliged to exhibit such a light but may do so?

(iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a stemlight.

(c) A vessel engaged in fishing, other than trawling shall exhibit:

(i) two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being red and the lower white, or a shape consisting of two cones with apexes together in a vertical line one above the other?

(ii) when there is outlying gear extending more than 150 metres horizontally from the vessel, an all-round white light or a cone apex upwards in the direction of the gear?

(iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight.

4.本规则附录二中规定的额外信号适用于在其 他捕鱼船舶邻近从事捕鱼的船舶。

5.船舶不从事捕鱼时,不应显示本条规定的号 灯或号型,而只应显示为其同样长度的船舶所规 定的号灯或号型。

第二十七条

失去控制或操纵能力受到限制的船舶 1.失去控制的船舶应显示: (1)在最易见处,垂直两盏环照红灯;

(2)在最易见处,垂直两个球体或类似的号型; (3)当对水移动时,除本款规定的号灯外,还 应显示两盏舷灯和一盏尾灯

2.操纵能力受到限制的船舶,除从事清除水雷 作业的船舶外,应显示:

(1) 在最易见处,垂直三盏环照灯,最上和最下

者应是红色,中间一盏应是白色;

(2) 在最易见处,垂直三个号型,最上和最下者

应是球体,中间一个应是菱形体;

(3) 当对水移动时, 除本款 (1) 项规定的号灯外,

还应显示桅灯、舷灯和尾灯;

(4) 当锚泊时,除本款(1)和(2)项规定的号

灯或号型外,还应显示第三十条规定的号灯

或号型。

3.从事一项使拖船和被拖物体双方在偏离其航 向的能力上受到严重限制的拖带作业的机动船, 除显示第二十四条1款规定的号灯或号型外,还 应显示本条2款(1)项和(2)项规定的号灯或 号型。

4.从事疏浚或水下作业的船舶,当其操纵能力 受到限制时,应显示本条2款(1)、(2)和(3) 项规定的号灯和号型。此外,当存在障碍物时, 还应显示:

(1)在障碍物存在的一舷,垂直两盏环照红灯 或两个球体;

(d) Tile additional signals described in Annex II to these Regulations apply to a vessel engaged in fishing in close proximity to other vessels engaged in fishing.

(e) A vessel when not engaged in fishing shall not exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in this Rule, but only those prescribed for a vessel of her length.

Rule 27 Vessels not under command or restricted in their ability to manoeuvre

(a) A vessel not under command shall exhibit:

(i) two all-round red lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen?

(ii) two balls or similar shapes in a vertical line where they can best be seen?

(iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight.

(b) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, except a vessel engaged in mine clearance operations, shall exhibit:

(i) three all-round lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen. The highest and lowest of these lights shall be red and the middle light shall be white? (ii) three shapes in a vertical line where they can best be seen. The highest and lowest of these shapes shall be balls and the middle one a diamond?

(iii) when making way through the water, a masthead light or lights, sidelights and a sternlight, in addition to the lights prescribed in subparagraph (i)?

(iv) when at anchor, in addition to the lights or shapes prescribed in subparagraphs (i) and (ii), the light, lights or shape prescribed in Rule 30.

(c) A power-driven vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course shall, in addition to the lights or shapes prescribed in Rule 24(a), exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in subparagraphs (b)(i) and (ii) of this Rule.

(d) A vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations, when restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, shall exhibit the lights and shapes prescribed in subparagraphs (b)(i),(ii) and (iii) of this Rule and shall in addition, when an obstruction exists, exhibit:

(i) two all-round red lights or two balls in a

vertical line to indicate the side on which the

obstruction exists?

(2)在他船可以通过的一舷,垂直两盏环照绿 灯或两个菱形体;

(3)当锚泊时,应显示本款规定的号灯或号型 以取代第三十条规定的号灯或号型。

5.当从事潜水作业的船舶其尺度使之不可能显示 本条4款规定的号灯和号型时,则应显示:

(1)在最易见处,垂直三盏环照灯。最上和最 下者应是红色,中间一盏应是白色; (2)一个国际信号旗“A’的硬质复制品,其高度 不小于1米,并应采取措施以保证周围都能见到。 6.从事清除水雷作业的船舶,除第二十三条为机 动船规定的号灯或第三十条为锚泊船规定的号灯 或号型外,还应显示三盏环照绿灯或三个球体。这 些号灯或号型之一应在接近前桅桅顶处显示,其余 应在前桅衍两端各显示一个。这些号灯或号型表示 他船驶近至清除水雷船1000m以内是危险的。

7.除从事潜水作业的船舶外,长度小于12m的船舶, 不要求显示本条规定的号灯和号型。

8.本条规定的信号不是船舶遇险求救的信号。船 舶遇险求救的信号载于本规则附录四内。

第二十八条

限于吃水的船舶

限于吃水的船舶,除第二十三条为机动船规定的 号灯外,还可在最易见处垂直显示三盏环照红灯, 或者一个圆柱体。

第二十九条

引航船舶

1.执行引航任务的船舶应显示:

(1)在桅顶或接近桅顶处,垂直两盏环照灯,

上白下红;

(2)当在航时,外加舷灯和尾灯;

(ii) two all-round green lights or two diamonds in a vertical line to indicate the side on which another vessel may pass?

(iii) when at anchor, the lights or shapes prescribed in this paragraph instead of the lights or shape prescribed in Rule .30.

(e) Whenever the size of a vessel engaged in diving

operations makes it impracticable to exhibit all lights and shapes prescribed in paragraph (d) of this Rule, the following shall' be exhibited:

(i) three all-round lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen. The highest and lowest of these lights shall be red and the middle light shall be white? (ii) a rigid replica of the International Code flag "A" not less than 1 metre in height. Measures shall be taken to ensure its all-round visibility.

(f) A vessel engaged in mine-clearance operations shall in addition to the lights prescribed for a power-driven vessel in Rule 23 or to the lights or shape prescribed for a vessel at anchor in Rule 30 as appropriate, exhibit three all-round green lights or three balls. One of these lights or shapes shall be exhibited near the foremast head and one at each end of the fore yard. These lights or shapes indicate that it is dangerous for another vessel to approach within 1000 metres of the mine clearance vessel.

(g) V essels of less than 12 metres in length, except those engaged in diving operations, shall not be required to exhibit the lights and shapes prescribed in this Rule.

(h) The signals prescribed in this Rule are not signals of vessels in distress and requiring assistance. Such signals are contained in Annex IV to these Regulations.

Rule 28 Vessels constrained by their draught

A vessel constrained by her draught may, in addition to the lights prescribed for power-driven vessels in Rule 23, exhibit where they can best be seen three all-round red lights in a vertical line, or a cylinder.

Rule 29 Pilot vessels

(a) A vessel engaged on pilotage duty, shall exhibit:

(i) at or near the masthead, two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being white and the lower red?

(ii) when underway, in addition, sidelights and a sternlight?

(3)当锚泊时,除本款(1)项规定的号灯外, 还应显示第三十条对锚泊船规定的号灯或号型。 2.引航船当不执行引航任务时,应显示为其同 样长度的同类船舶规定的号灯或号型。但应采取 如第三十六条所准许的一切可能措施来表明拖 带船与被拖带船之间关系的性质。

第三十条

锚泊船舶和搁浅船舶

1.锚泊中的船舶应在最易见处显示:

(1)在船的前部,一盏环照白灯或一个球体; (2)在船尾或接近船尾并低于本款(1)项规定 的号灯处,一盏环照白灯。

2.长度小于50m的船舶,可以在最易见处显示一 盏环照白灯,以取代本条1款规定的号灯。

3.锚泊中的船舶,还可以使用现有的工作灯或 同等的灯照明甲板,而长度为100m及100m以上 的船舶应当使用这类灯。

4.搁浅的船舶应显示本条1或2款规定的号灯, 并在最易见处外加:

(1) 垂直两盏环照红灯;

(2) 垂直三个球体。

5.长度小于7m的船舶,不是在狭水道、航道、 锚地或其他船舶通常航行的水域中或其附近锚 泊时,不要求显示本条1和2款规定的号灯或号 型。

6.长度小于12m的船舶搁浅时,不要求显示本条

4款(1)和(2)项规定的号灯或号型。

第三十一条

水上飞机

当水上飞机或地效翼船不可能显示按本章各 条规定的各种特性或位置的号灯和号型时,则应显 示尽可能近似于这种特性和位置的号灯和号型。

(iii) when at anchor, in addition to the lights prescribed in subparagraph (i), the light, lights or shape prescribed in Rule 30 for vessels at anchor. (b) A pilot vessel when not engaged on pilotage duty shall exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed for a

《国际海上避碰规则》参考题目

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第二节船舶报告制度 船位报告系统是一种船舶动态信息系统。它通过收集海上船舶定期报告的船位及航行动态,对船舶的航行安全实行动态监护和管理。系统所建立的船位数据库,对实施遇险搜寻和救助也能起极其重要的作用。船舶遇险时,通过查询数据库可以缩小搜寻的范围,还可以尽快通知附近的其它船前往营救或援助,以提高救助效率,从而使损失减小到最低程度。 船位报告系统一般是区域性的。世界上许多沿海国家在其沿岸水域划定了所负责的搜寻救助区域,并建立了船位报告制度。各国商船在上述区域中航行时须向当地有关机构报告船位及动态。有关船位报告系统方面的各种规定,可查阅英版《无线电信号表》第1卷。 下面将介绍美国船舶互助救助系统(AMVER)、澳大利亚船位报告系统(AUSREP)、日本船舶报告系统(JASREP)和中国船舶报告系统(CHISREP)。 一、商船互救系统(AMVER) 商船互救系统(AMVER—Automated Mutual-assistance Vessel Rescue System)由美国海岸警卫队主管,是一个全球覆盖非强制加入的商船互助组织,可在世界范围海域内对搜救工作提供帮助。它建立于1958年,是一个以计算机为基础的搜救信息系统。该系统已救出很多遇难船舶。世界上任何超过24小时航程的商船都可以参加该系统,通过所选的海岸电台或通过国际移动卫星系统(INMARSAT)将船舶有关的信息定时传送给纽约美国海岸警卫队的“AMVER中心站”,中心站将这些信息储存到电子计算机里。电子计算机根据提供的船位信息推算出未来船舶位置。一旦船舶遇险,可根据需要委托搜索和救助组织(SAR)在世界各国的代理机构,请求提供及时有效的援助。 应当注意在危急情况之下,所有的遇险电文必须发往离出事地点最近的搜救协调中心(RCC),而不是发往AMVER中心站。 1、AMVER电报格式 每份报告的第一行是报告的报类识别。报告每一行的开始用一个行识别,行识别及一行内的不同项目用一个斜线“/”分隔,行与行之间用双斜线“∥”分开。 行识别解释: A/船舶名称/电台呼号∥ B/日期和时间(UTC)∥(日期和时间用6位数字加后缀Z表示,前两位是日期,后四位是小时和分钟,也可增加月份的前三个字母,如B/010203Z DEC∥) C/纬度/经度∥(纬度和经度用度和分表示。如:C/5042N/04035W∥) E/航向∥(用三位数字表示) F/平均速度∥(用三位数表示,以海里为单位,精确到十分之,不用小数点) G/离开港/纬度/经度∥ I/目的港/纬度/经度/ETA∥ K/港口名称/纬度/经度/抵港时间∥ L/航线报告∥(包括开航计划的大多数信息,如采用大圆航法以“GC”表示,恒向线航法以“RL”表示,沿岸航行以“Coastal”表示) M/当前值守的岸台或INMARSAT移动站识别号/其次的岸台(如有的话)∥ V/船上医务人员∥(医师为MD,医助为PA,护士为NURSE,没有用NONE) X/详细说明或备注∥ Y/转发指示// Z/报文结束识别∥(便于计算机处理,如:Z/EOR//)

船舶避碰题库2(二级船长)

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1972年国际海上避碰规则

1972年国际海上避碰规则 INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS AT SEA, 1972 第一章总则 第一条适用范围 1.本规则各条适用于在公海和连接于公海且可供海船航行的一切水域中的一 切船舶. 2.本规则各条不妨碍有关主管机关为连接于公海而可供海船航行的任何港外 锚地,港口,江河,湖泊或内陆水道所制定的特殊规定的实施.这种特殊规定,应尽可能符合本规则各条. 3.本规则各条,不妨碍各国政府为军舰及护航下的船舶所制定的关于额外的 队形灯,信号灯,号型或笛号;或者为结队从事捕鱼的渔船所制定的关于额外的队形灯,信号灯或号型的任何特殊规定的实施.这些额外的队形灯,信号灯,号型或笛号,应尽可能不致被误认为本规则其他条文所规定的任何号灯,号型或信号. 4.为实施本规则,本组织可以采纳分道通航制. 5.凡经有关政府确定,某种特殊构造或用途的船舶,如不能完全遵守本规则任 何一条关于号灯或号型的数量,位置,能见距离或弧度以及声号设备的配置和特性的规定时,则应遵守其政府在号灯或号型的数量,位置,能见距离或弧度以及声号设备的配置和特性方面为之另行确定的尽可能符合本规则要求的规定. 第二条责任 1.本规则各条并不免除任何船舶或其所有人,船长或船员由于对遵守本规则

各条的任何疏忽,或者对海员通常做法或当时特殊情况可能要求的任何戒备上的疏忽而产生的各种后果的责任. 2.在解释和遵行本规则各条规定时,应适当考虑到,为避免紧迫危险而需背离 本规则各条规定的一切航行和碰撞的危险,以及任何特殊情况,其中包括当事船舶条件限制在内. 第三条一般定义 除其他条文另有解释外,在本规则中: 1.船舶一词,指用作或者能够用作水上运输工具的各类水上船筏,包括非排水 船舶和水上飞机. 2.机动船一词,指用机器推进的任何船舶. 3.帆船一词,指任何驶帆的船舶,包括装有推进机器而不在使用者. 4.从事捕鱼的船舶一词,指使用网具绳钓拖网或其他使其操纵性能受到限制 的渔具捕鱼的任何船舶,但不包括使用曳绳钓或其他并不使其操纵性能受到限制的渔具捕鱼的船舶. 5.水上飞机一词,包括未能在水面操纵而设计的任何航空器. 6.失去控制的船舶一词,指由于某种异常的情况不能按本规则各条的要求进 行操纵,因而不能给他船让路的船舶. 7.操纵能力受到限制的船舶一词,指由于工作性质,使其按本规则要求进行操 纵的能力受到限制,因而不能给他船让路的船舶. 操纵能力受到限制的船舶一词应包括,但不限于下列船舶: (1)从事敷设,维修或起捞助航标志,海底电缆或管道的船舶; (2)从事疏浚,测量或水下作业的船舶; (3)在航中从事补给或转运人员,食品或货物的船舶;

国际海上避碰规则(中英)

1972 年国际海上避碰规则 INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS AT SEA, 1972 (第1- 19条) 第一章总则Part A –General 第一条Rule 1 适用范围Application 1 本规则条款适用于公海和连接于公海而可供海船航行的一切水域中的一切船舶。 (a) These Rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels. 2 本规则条款不妨碍有关主管机关为连接于公海而可供海船航行的任何港外锚地、江河、湖泊或内陆水道所制订的特殊规定的实施。这种特殊规定,应尽可能符合本规则条款。 (b) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere in the operation of special rules made by an appropriate authority for roadsteads, harbors, rivers, lakes or inland waterways connected with the high seas and navigable by seagoing vessels. Such special rules shall conform as closely as possible to these Rules. 3.本规则条款不妨碍各国政府为军舰及护航下的船舶所制定的关于额外的队形灯、信号灯、号型或笛号,或者为结队从事捕鱼的渔船所制定的关于额外的队形灯、信号灯或号型的任何特殊规定的实施。这些额外的队形灯、信号灯、号型或笛号,应尽可能不致被误认为本规则其他条文所规定的任何号灯、号型或信号。 (c) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Government of any State with respect to additional station or signal lights or shapes or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels proceeding under convoy, or with respect to additional station or signal lights for fishing vessels fishing as a fleet. These additional station or signal lights or whistle signals shall, so far as possible, be

船长考试题库-国际海上避碰规则复习题

《船舶避碰》复习题 例1.《国际海上避碰规则》适用的船舶是指: A.在公海上的一切船舶 B.在公海以及连接公海而可供海船航行的一切水域中的在航船舶和锚泊船 C.除内河船舶之外的任何船舶 D. 在公海以及连接公海可供海船航行的一切水域中的一切船舶 【解答】本题选D。本题宜采用“规则条款对号入座法”。对于测试规则条款的考题,应牢记条款原文(中文翻译),通常含有规则条款原文的选项即为正确选项。按照这一原则,本题应选D。D选项既讲明了规则适用的水域,又讲明了规则适用的对象,为最佳答案。题设中的A、B、C三选项均在规则的适用水域或适用对象方面有所欠缺。 例2.《国际海上避碰规则》适用的船舶包括:Ⅰ、在水面航行的水上飞机Ⅱ、超低空飞行的飞机Ⅲ、拖航中的钻井平台 A. Ⅰ B. Ⅱ C. Ⅰ、Ⅲ D. Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ 【解答】本题选C。本题测试对规则适用船舶的理解,规则适用的船舶是“公海和连接于公海而可供海船航行的一切水域中的一切船舶”,题设中的第Ⅱ项“超低空飞行的飞机”不属于规则第三条中定义的“船舶”。因此,本题正确选项为C。 例3.下列哪些说法正确? A. 任何特殊构造或用途的船舶,只要其政府确定,即可自行制定有关号灯、号型的配置、安装等技术方面的规定 B. 有关政府有权为其管辖下的任何特殊构造或用途的船舶制定有关号灯、号型的数量、位置、能见距离、弧度的规定尽可能符合《国际海上避碰规则》条款的规定

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3.(B)各当事国须为搜救服务的全面开展、协调和改进,制定适当的。 A、行动打算 B、国家程序 C、指南 D、预案 《1979年国际海上搜寻救助公约》附则2.2.1款 4.(A)每一救助协调中心和救助分中心须对接收发生在其搜救区域内的做出安排,亦须对与遇险人员、搜救设施及其它救助协调中心或救助分中心之间的通信做出安排。 A、遇险报警 B、海难事故 C、险情报告 D、突发事件《1979年国际海上搜寻救助公约》附则2.3.2款 5.(B)各救助协调中心须每天值班,并始终配备具有英语工作知识、通过培训的人员。 A、18小时 B、24小时 C、12小时 D、时刻自定 《1979年国际海上搜寻救助公约》附则2.3.3款 6.(B)记录船位信息的各当事国,应尽可能将此种信息发送给为——目的要求提供该信息的其它国家。

A、海事调查 B、搜救 C、政治 D、其它 《1979年国际海上搜寻救助公约》附则5.4.2款 7.(C)当事国须尽可能确保为海上和航空目的建立 的使用共同程序。 A、救助协调中心 B、救助分中心 C、搜救单位 D、搜救中心 《1979年国际海上搜寻救助公约》附则2.4.4款 8.(C)各当事国须查明所有能参与搜救行动的设施,并可将 适当的设施指定为。 A、搜救设施 B、搜救力量 C、搜救单位 D、搜救单元 《1979年国际海上搜寻救助公约》附则2.5款 9.(A)每一救助协调中心及救助分中心须有进行搜救行动的 详细的。 A、打算 B、程序 C、预案 D、指南 《1979年国际海上搜寻救助公约》附则4.1.3款

1972年国际海上避碰规则英文习题集分解

001. (Correct answer: D) A barge more than 50 meters long, at anchor in a "special anchorage area" designed by the Port Authority is required to show how many white anchor lights? A: 1 B: 3 C: 4 D: 2 002. (Correct answer: C) Your vessel is approaching a bend. You hear a prolonged blast from around the bend. You should: A: back your engines B: stop your engines and drift C: answer with one prolonged blast D: sound the danger signal 003. (Correct answer: D) A 95-meter vessel aground sounds which fog signal? A: A rapid ringing of a bell for 5 seconds every two-minute B: A whistle signal of the short, one prolonged, and one short blast C: A prolonged blast of the whistle at intervals not to exceed one minute D: A rapid ringing of a bell for 5 seconds, preceded and followed by three separate and distinct strokes on the bell 004. (Correct answer: C) A 200-meter vessel is aground in fog. Which signal is optional? A: A bell signal B: A gong signal C: A whistle signal D: All of about 005. (Correct answer: A) Additional light signals are provided in the Annexes to the Rules for vessels: A: engaged in fishing B: not under command C: engaged in towing D: under sail 006. (Correct answer: C) If it becomes necessary for a stand-on vessel to take action to avoid collision, she shall NOT, if possible: A: decrease speed B: increase speed C: turn to port for a vessel on her own port side D: turn to starboard for a vessel on her own port side 007. (Correct answer: A) The Rules concerning lights shall be complied with in all weathers from sunset to sunrise. The lights: A: shall be displayed in restricted visibility during daylight hours B: need not be displayed when no other vessels are in the area C: shall be set at low power when used during daylight hours D: need not be displayed by unmanned vessel 008. (Correct answer: C) A sailing vessel with the wind abaft the beam is navigating in restricted visibility. She should sound: A: three short blasts B: one prolonged blast C: one prolonged and two short blasts D: two prolonged blasts 009. (Correct answer: D) You see a vessel displaying the code flag "LIMA" below which is a red ball. The vessel is: A: trolling B: getting ready to receive aircraft C: aground

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