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大学英语Book2 Unit 2

大学英语Book2 Unit 2
大学英语Book2 Unit 2

Section A

The humanities: Out of date?

Background information

1the humanities

The humanities are a group of academic disciplines that study the human condition, using methods that are primarily analytical, critical, or speculative. The humanities, called social sciences, include history, anthropology, communication studies, cultural studies, law, language, literature, philosophy,religion,music and theater,etc.

Through exploration of the humanities,students learn how to think creatively and critically,to reason,and to ask questions.Because these skills allow students to gain new insights into everything from poetry and paintings to business models and politics,humanistic subjects have been at the heart of a liberal arts education.Today,humanistic knowledge continues to provide the ideal foundation for exploring and understanding the human experience.However,with the economic downtrend,many colleges and universities intend to cut liberal arts courses to save money,and students also try to take natural science courses to help them seek job opportunities.Whether or not studying courses in the humanities has thus become a controversial question.

2 self-awareness

Self-awareness isn’t a quality that you demonstrate by telling a story,but rather it has to do with how you tell the story and your ability to communicate what you learned.Being able to explain to the admissions committee why you value one accomplishment above others,what you learned from a setback,or the deeper meaning of your career goals,is evidence of self-awareness.Furthermore,the self-aware individual has knowledge of both his strengths and weaknesses.

3 James Cameron

World-famous director of the movie,Titanic.The film received 14 Academy Award nominations and was awarded 11 Oscars(奥斯卡奖).

4 Sally Ride

An American physicist and former NASA(m美国国家航空航天局) astronaut.In 1983,at age 32,she became the first American woman and then youngest American to enter space.

5 Bruce Lee

A Chinese-American actor,martial arts instructor,philosopher,film director,film producer,and screenwriter.He was considered the most influential martial artist and a cultural icon.Born in San Francisco,he was raised in Hong Kong until his late teens.He moved back to the United States at 18 and studied philosophy at Washington University.

6Gwyneth Paltrow

An American actress and singer.She gained worldwide recognition through her performance in Shakesperar in Love(1998),for which she won an Academy Award for Best Actress.

7 Renee Zellweger

An American actress and producer.She received two nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress and won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.

8 Matt Damon

An American actor and screenwriter.He and his friend Ben Affleck won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and the Golden Globe Award (金球奖) for Best Screenplay for their work—Good Will Hunting(1997).He also got multiple Best Actor nominations.

9 Harold Varmus

An American Nobel Prize-winning scientist and the 14th and current Director of the National Cancer Institute.He was a co-recipient of the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on the origins of cancer.

10 Michael Eisner

An American businessman.He was the chief executive officer of The Walt Disney Company from 1984 until 2005.

Detailed study of the text

1 when the going gets tough,the tough take accounting.(Para.1)

Meaning:When conditions or situations become difficult,determined people choose to study the subject of accounting,hoping they can more easily find a job in the future.

when the going gets tough:when the situation becomes difficult当形势变得严峻时When the going gets tough,women can get as tough as men.当形势变得严峻时,女人可以变得跟男人一样坚强。

NOTE A more common saying in the similar strcture is”When the going gets

tough,the tough get going “.this is an informal expression and an old motto meaning”When the situation becomes difficult,strong people take the necessary action to deal with it(艰难之路唯勇者行)”.Now people often creative use the motto,by only quoting the first part”When the going gets tough…”.The author is very witty to use”take accounting”here to be humorous and sarcastic.

accounting:n.[U] the work if accounting or the methods they use 会计;会计学Students’major objective is to be financially well off.Accordingly,today the most popular course is not literature ir history but accounting.学生的主要目的是在经济上富裕。因此,当今最流行的课程不是文学或历史,而是会计。

take accounting:choose to study the subject of accounting选择会计学

2When the job market worsens,many students calculate they can’t major in English or history(Para.1)

Meaning:When there are fewer iob openings,many college students make a judgment from the situation and think they can’t study English or history as their major.

Meaning beyond words :Many students will not take the classes that won’t help them locate a decent job later.

calculate:vt.

1)make a judgment about what is likely to happen using the available information

估计;预测;推测

It’s difficult to calculate the long-term effects of these changes in the law.这些法律上的变化带来的长期影响是难以预测的。

2)find out how much sth. will cost, how long sth. will take, etc. by using numbers 计算,核算

Nowadays the accountants in enterprise use computers to calculate the cost of production with accuracy. 如今,企业财会人员利用电脑来计算准确的生产成本。

Major in: (AmE)study sth. as your main subject at college or university 主修(某一)科目

The high demand for persons with knowledge about computers is why chose to major in computer science at the university.对具有电脑知识人才的高需求是我选择在大学主修计算机科学的原因。

3They have study something that boosts their prospects of landing a job.(Para.1)

Meaning:They have to study something that improves their chances of success in finding a job.

Boost:vt. increase or improve sth. to make it more successful 促进;推动;使兴旺

Some countries hope that warmer weather and more rain will boost their farm output.一些国家希望更温暖的天气和更多的降雨能提高他们的农业产量。Prospect:n. sth. that is possible or likely to happen in the future, or the possibility itself 可能的事情;很可能发生的事情;前景

Career prospects in science and technology are virtually unlimited.科

技类职业的前景几乎是无可限量的。

4The data show that as students have increasingly shouldered the

ever-rising cost of tuition, they have defected from the study of the humanities and toward applied science and “hard” skills that they bet will lead to employment. (Para.2)

Meaning: The facts and information show that as students have spent increasingly more money on tuition, they have turned away from the humanities to some practical courses that they believe will enable them to get a job more easily.

Defect:

Vt. leave a country, political party, or organization to go to another one 背叛;叛逃

He defected from the party in the late 1970s.他在20世纪70年代后期背叛了该党。

N. a fault in sb. or sth. 缺点;欠缺;不足之处

Stammering is probably an inherited defect. 口吃可能是一种遗传缺陷。Defect deficiency

1在表示“人的缺点,设计制造方面的缺点或缺陷”时,名词defect和deficiency 的词义相近。

Physiological defect/deficiency生理缺陷

The new car had to be withdrawn from the market because of a mechanical defect.这款新汽车因有机械缺陷,必须被撤出市场。

The deficiency of this plan is very clear, so it can’t possibly succeed.这项计划的缺陷是很明显的,所以它不可能成功

2但表示“缺少,不足”(shortage)时,只可用deficiency

There are serious deficiencies in the number of suitable aircraft符合要求的飞机数量严重不足

During the war children suffered from a deficiency of food.战争期间孩子们遭受了缺乏食物之苦。

Applied: a. used for

Describing educational subjects when they are studied for their practical uses (学科)应用的,实用的

Industry leaders want scientists to engage in basic research, not applied research.产业领导者们希望科学家们从事基础研究,而不是应用研究。

Bet:vt. be fairly sure that sth. is true, that sth. will happen,ect., although you can’t prove this 肯定

I bet the train will be late. 我敢打赌,列车会晚点

V. risk money on the result of a race, game, competition or other future event 下赌注;与……打赌

I bet my life that he will take my money and life. 我敢用我的命打赌,他将拿着我的钱离开。

5In other words, a college education is more and more seen as a means

for economic betterment rather than a means for human betterment. (Para.2) Meaning: In other words, a college education is more considered as a method to improve students’ future economic status rather than improve human nature or behavior.

Meaning beyond words: The quality of a college education is increasingly questionable because the trend among many colleges is to become more like a business and less like an academic setting.

6This is trend that is likely to persist and even accelerate.

Meaning: Very likely, the trend will continue to exist and even go faster than ever.

Persist:vt.

1)continue to exist 继续存在;持续

If the bad weather persists, the farmers will suffer great losses this year.如果恶劣天气持续,农民今年将遭受巨大的损失。

2)Continue to do sth., although this is difficult, or other people oppose

it坚持;执意

Students must persist in their efforts if they wish to do well.学生如果想取得好成绩就必须坚持努力

Persist insist

1persist可用来表示“继续存在;持续”,尤其用于不好的事情,而insist 没有此意。

Contact your doctor if the cough persists.如果咳嗽持续,请联系您的医生。

2persist和insist容易混淆主要是当两者均表示“坚持”时。

Persist用于表示“坚持”时,表示“坚持反复做同一件事”,后接介词In,多用于褒义,指“坚持继续做某事”,有时用于贬义,指“不听劝告;顽固坚持”。

Her mother tried to persuade her to go to bed early, but she persisted in working until the small hours.她的母亲劝她早点睡,但她坚持工作到凌晨。

He persisted in drinking even though the doctor had told him that it did harm to his body.即使医生告诉他饮酒伤身,他仍坚持饮酒。

Insist用于表示“坚持”时,表示“坚持做某件事(尤指麻烦或令人讨厌的事)”,后接介词on。

She insisted on washing her hair just when I wanted to have a bath.当我想泡个澡的时候,她还在那洗头。

3insist还可用于表示“对意见、主张等的坚持”。Insist用于此意时,后可接介词On,也可以接that引导的从句(是否用虚拟语气,视情况而定,即看从句的内容是否为事实),而persist无此意。

They insist on having a job done well no matter how much time is required.

他们坚持无论需要多少时间都要将工作做好。

The doctor insisted that she (should) take the medicine, but she insisted that she was not ill.医生坚持让她服此药,但她坚持自己没病。Accelerate: v. happen or make sth. happen at a faster rate (使)加快;促进

Human activities can cause or accelerate permanent changes in natural systems.人类活动可能导致或加速自然系统的永久变化。

7Over the next few years, as labor markets struggle, the humanities will

probably continue their long slide in succession.

Meaning: For the next few years, as the going gets tough with labor markets, the subjects of the humanities will continue to shrink and worsen for a long time each year.

NOTE Students have learned the world slide before but it might be

worthwhile to have a review of the word used as either a noun or a verb: n.[usu.sing.]a situation in which sth. gradually gets worse or sb. develops a problem(情况)变糟,恶化;(人)出现问题

School administrators were unable to explain the slide in student’s performance.学校管理人员无法解释学生成绩下降的原因。

v. gradually become worse, or begin to have a problem 逐渐败坏;开始出现问题

Students’test scores started to slide in the mid-1990s.20世纪90年代中期,学生们的考分开始下降。

Succession:n.[sing.]a series of people or things of the same type 一连串,一系列(同类型的人或物)

After graduation, he took a succession of low-paid jobs.毕业后他干了一连串报酬低廉的工作。

In succession: happening one after the other without anything different happening in between 连续发生地,接连发生地

She is an accomplished athlete and won the championship four times in succession.她是一名成功的运动员,连续四次获得冠军。

8There already has been a nearly 50 percent decline in the portion of

liberal arts majors over the past generation, and it is logical to think that the trend is bound to continue or even accelerate.(Para.3) Meaning: Based on the fact that there already has been about 50 percent decrease in the number of students majoring in liberal arts over the past years, it is reasonable to think that the trend will surely continue or even speed up.

Liberal: a.

1)(~arts)school or college subjects that give students a general education and teach them to think rather than those subjects that develop practical skills 文科

The liberal arts are college or university subjects such as history, languages and literature but not sciences.文科是学院或大学的如史,语言和文学之类的学习科目,而不是理科学科。

2)Accepting different opinions and ways of behaving and tending to be sympathetic to other people心胸宽广的;开明的

She is known to have liberal views on divorce.人们知道她对离婚持有开明的观点

Logical:a. connecting ideas or reasons in a sensible way合乎逻辑的;合理的

It is logical to think that when people are deprived of their familiar surroundings they will feel disoriented. 脱离熟悉的环境时,人们会感到迷失方向,这样想是符合逻辑的。

Bound:n.(~to)sth. that is bound to happen will almost certainly happen 一定的;几乎肯定的

The weather is bound to get better tomorrow.明天的天气肯定会更好。

9 Once the dominant pillars of university life, the humanities now play

little roles when students take their college tours. These days, labs are more vivid and compelling than libraries. (Para.3)

Meaning:The humanities that once dominated university now play a trivial role when students have their college visits; nowadays, labs are more eye-catching and fascinating than libraries.

Meaning beyond words: Libraries were once the only place where students spent much time reading materials, doing research and writing papers. However, as more students are taking science courses, labs where students do scientific experiments play a more important role for learning than traditional libraries.

NOTE A “college tour” is series of campus visits to a number of colleges

or university by a prospective student. College tours may be taken individually or by school groups and educational programs as a way for a large number of people to visit several schools over a short period of time. In addition, many colleges now offer virtual tours on the Internet. Dominant: a. more important, powerful, or successful than the other people or things of the same type有优势的;占统治地位的

Unemployment rate will be the dominant issue at the next president election.失业率将是下次总统选举中的主要话题。

Pillar: n.[C]

1)a very important part of a system of beliefs or ideas(信仰或思想)非常重要的部分

Equality is one of the pillars of a stable society. 平等是一个稳定社会的支柱之一。

2)a thick strong upright post that supports part of a building 柱子;支柱Eight massive stone pillars supported the roof. 八根巨大的石柱支撑起房顶。

vivid:having or producing very clear and detailed images in the mind 清晰的,生动的

He gave a very vivid and often shocking account of his time in prison .他描述了他在监狱的往事,非常生动,也非常让人震惊。

compel:for sb to do sth .强迫;迫使

As a school boy . he was compelled to wear shorts even in winter .当他还是一个小男孩时,即使在冬天他也被迫穿短裤。

Usage NOTE

compel , oblige , force

这三个词都有“强迫”之意,但程度不同。

1Compel表示“强迫;迫使”,指“运用权力、力量迫使对方做某事”,尤其在被动

语态

中含“别无他法,不得不做”之意,compel的意义比force弱。

He illness compelled him to stay in bed .他的病迫使他卧床休息。

2Oblige表示“强制,不得不”,指“因法律、道义、习俗或许诺的约束而必须去做

某事”,多用被动语态,语气相对较弱。

We are oliged to stop the car at a red light .我们遇到红灯时必须停车。

3Force表示“强迫,迫使,逼迫”,指“以暴力威胁,武力强迫对方做某事”,后面

跟的动作常是不情愿做的事,force的语气比compel和oblige强。

The poor peasant was forced to sell his daughter to the landlord .那位贫穷的农民被迫将自己的女儿卖给地主。

compelling:interesting or exciting enough to keep your attention completely 有强吸引力的,引人入胜的

Steve Jobs’ life makes a compelling story .史蒂夫乔布斯的一生是一个引人入胜的故事。

10Here , please allow me to stand up for and promote the true value that the

humanities add to people’s lives .(Para.4)

Meaning:I here ask for your permission to let me defend and advertise the true value that the hu manities bring to people’s lives.

stand up for: support or defend a person or an idea when they are being attacked 支持;保卫;维护

Mary stood up for me at the meeting, sparing me some embarrassment. 玛丽在会议上支持了我,使我免受了一些尴尬。

promote: vt. Support or encourage sth. 支持;鼓励;提倡

To acknowledge other cultures will promote good will among people of different background. 承认别人的文化会促进不同背景的人之间的友好亲善。

11since ancient times, people have speculated about the mystery of those inner

forces that drive some people to greatness and others to self-destruction.(para.4)

Meaning: Ever since ancient times, people have thought carefully and seriously why the mysterious forces coming from their inner world could be so powerful that it could make some people great while others morally deteriorate.

speculate; v. consider or discuss why sth. has happened 思索;沉思;推测;猜测Archeologists speculate that people first reached the island over 1,000 years ago. 考古学家们推测人类第一次到达这些岛屿是在一千多年前。

Speculate about / on:make guesses about the possible causes or effects of sth. without knowing all the facts or details 猜测;推测

It is too early to speculate about the outcome of the negotiations between the workers union and the company’s leadership. 要推测工会和公司管理层之间的谈判结果,还为时过早。

mystery;n. [c, usu. sing. ] sth. That you are not able to understand, explain, or get information about 不可思议的事物;无法解释的事物;谜

No one had ever been able to explain the mystery of the Burmuda Triangle. 从来没有人能够解释百慕大三角之谜。

destruction; n. [U] damage that is so severe that sth. stops existing or can never return to its normal state 毁灭;摧毁;破坏

The destruction caused by too many wars and the death of millions of people shook the foundation of Western idealism. 太多的战争所造成的破坏和数以百万计人的死亡动摇了西方理想主义的基础。

12 This inner drive has been called many things over the centuries. (para.4) Meaning: Over the past centuries, many different names have been used to describe this inner force of human beings.

13The famous psychologist, Sigmund Freud, called it the “unconscious mind” or, more familiarly, “instinct”. (para.4)

Meaning: Sigmund Freud, a famous psychologist, named it the unintentional mind or, more familiarly to us, natural ability to know something.

unconscious:a. relating to or coming from the part of your mind in which there are thoughts and feelings that you do not realize you have 潜意识的;下意识的;无意识的

I don’t know if he noticed my unconscious desire. 我不知道他是否注意到我潜意识的愿望。

14From the beginning of time, this inner aspect of our being, this drive that can be constructive or destructive, has captured our imagination. (para.5)

Meaning:Since ancient times, it is this very inner force of our being, either constructive or destructive, that has stimulated our imagination.

destructive:a. causing severe damage or harm 破坏性的;毁灭性的

Lack of trust is very destructive in a relationship. 缺乏信任在人际关系中是很具有破坏性的。

15The stories of this amazing struggle have formed the basis of cultures the world

over. (Para .5)

Meaning: It is these stories about this fascinating inner struggle of human beings that have laid the foundation of the world cultures.

16Historians, architects, authors, philosophers and artists have captured the words, images and meanings of this inner struggle in the form of story, music, myth, painting, architecture, sculpture, landscape and traditions. (Para. 5)

Meaning:Our historians, architects, authors, philosophers and artists have successfully caught the words, images and meanings of this mysterious inner force by way of story, music, myth, painting, architecture, sculpture, landscape and traditions. architect: n. [C] sb. whose job is to design buildings 建筑师

He is the architect of this building, and he’s always on the construction site. 他是这个大楼的建筑师,他总出现在施工现场。

philosophers:n. [C]

1) a photograph or painting showing an area of countryside or land 风景照;风景画Adams is well-known for his landscapes of Yosemite National Park. 亚当斯以他所作的优胜美地国家公园风景画而闻名。

2) an area of land that is beautiful to look at or has a particular type of appearance(陆上的)风景,景致,景色

The landscape is dotted with the tents of campers. 露营者的帐篷点缀了风景。

17These men and women developed artistic“languages”that help us understand these aspirations and also educate generations.(Para. 5)

Meaning: The artistic works and masterpieces created by these men and women help us understand the strong desires and beautiful dreams of human beings and also help educate future generations.

Meaning beyond words:“languages”is in the quotation marks because the word doesn’t just refer to the regular meaning but to all the things mentioned earlier: story, music, myth, painting, architecture, sculpture, landscape and traditions.

18 This fertile body of work from ancient times, the very foundation of civilization, forms the basis of study of the humanities. (Para. 5)

Meaning:The large amount of work filled with rich ideas and imagination from ancient times—the fundamental components of civilization—provides the basis of the study of the humanities.

fertile: a.

1) able to produce good ideas or results 富有成果的;有想象力的

A poet must have a fertile imagination. 诗人必须有丰富的想象力。

2) able to produce good crops or plants(土地)肥沃的,富饶的

Fertile soil helps Canada rank among the world’s leading wheat producers. 肥沃的土壤帮助加拿大跻身世界主要小麦生产国。

a /the body of sth.: a large amount or mass of sth., esp. sth. that has been collected 大量的某物

Acquiring a language is learning a skill, not collecting a body of information.学语言

是学习技能,而不是获取大量的信息。

19 Studying the humanities improves our ability to read and write. No matter what we do in life, we will have a huge advantage if we can read complex ideas and understand their meaning. We will have a bright career if we are the person in the office who can write a clear and elegant analysis of those ideas! (Para. 6) Meaning: Studying the humanities helps us improve our reading and writing ability. In whatever situation, it is a great advantage if we understand complex ideas through reading. To illustrate, if we are the person in the office who can write and analyze those complex ideas in a logical, clear, intelligent yet simple manner, we will have a promising career.

elegant: a.

1) very intelligent yet simple(想法或计划)巧妙的,简洁的

The document impressed me with its elegant simplicity. 该文件给我留下了精辟简明的深刻印象。

2) beautiful, attractive and graceful 优美的;高雅的

Patricia looked beautiful and elegant as always. 帕特里夏看上去总是那么美丽优雅。

analysis:n. [C, U] a process of studying or examining sth. in detail in order to understand it or explain it 分析

I am interested in Clare’s analysis of the situation in China. 我对克莱尔对中国形势的分析很感兴趣。

Sentence structure NOTE

no matter 常与疑问代词或疑问副词一起构成连词词组引导让步状语从句,意为“不管…,无论…”,在使用时应注意以下几点:

1注意从句的时态

由no matter 引导的从句多用一般现在时。例如:

No matter who you are, you must obey the rules. 无论你是谁,都应该遵守规则。Our aim is to recruit the best person for the job, no matter where they are from. 我们的目标是招聘到该工作的最佳人选,不管他们来自哪里。

2注意被修饰的名词、形容词以及副词的位置

No matter what/whose/which修饰名词时,该名词必须紧跟其后;no matter how 修饰形容词或副词时,该形容词或副词也必须紧跟其后。例如:

No matter which method you use, you will get the same result. 不管你用哪种方法做,结果都一样。

No matter how hard he works, he finds it difficult to make ends meet. 无论他工作多么努力,他总是入不敷出。

20 Studying the humanities makes us familiar with the language of emotion and the creative process. (Para. 7)

Meaning: We get more familiar with the expressions of emotion and the process of

creation by studying the humanities.

21In an information economy, many people have the ability to produce a useful product such as a new MP3 player. (Para. 7)

Meaning:In an economy driven by information, many people are capable of producing a useful commodity like a new MP3 player.

22Yet, very few people have the ability to create a spectacular brand:the iPod. (Para. 7)

Meaning:But very few people have the ability to create an extremely impressive product name such as the iPod.

spectacular: a. extremely impressive 引人入胜的;非常壮观的

There was a spectacular sunset last night. 昨晚的日落极其壮观。

brand: n. [C]a product or group of products that has its own name and is made by one particular company 品牌;商标

The Beatles are probably one of the most spectacular brands of musicians in the world. 披头士可能是全世界音乐界里最吸引人的品牌之一了。

23Most importantly, studying the humanities invests us with great insight and self-awareness, thereby releasing our creative energy and talent in a positive and constructive mannet. (Para. 7)

Meaning: The most important advantage for us to study the humanities is that it enables us to become more analytical and self-aware; therefore, our creativeness and talent are brought out in a positive and constructive way.

invest: v. use your money with the aim of making a profit from it 投资

He invested all our profits in gold shares. 他把我们所有的利润都投资进了黄金股。invest sb. / sth. with sth. : (fml.) give sb. or sth. a particular quality 赋予(某人或某物)以(某种性质)

Nature has invested these animals with a capacity for not showing fear. 自然界赋予了这些动物不显露恐惧的本领。

insight: n.

1) [U] the ability to notice and understand a lot about people or situations 洞察力;领悟力

It was an interesting book, full of fascinating insight into human nature. 这是一本有趣的书,充满了对人性绝妙的洞察力。

2) [C, U] a sudden clear understanding of sth. ,esp. sth. complicated 顿悟;洞悉;见解

Her research has given us some insight into what sparks a teenager’s curiosity. 她的研究使我们顿悟到什么会引起青少年的好奇心。

thereby:ad. (fml.) because of or by means of what has just been mentioned 因此;从而;借此

We started our journey early, thereby avoiding most of the traffic. 我们早早地开始了我们的旅程,从而避开了交通堵塞的高峰期。

24 Perhaps the best argument in favor of the humanities is the scope of possibilities

that are widely open to us. (Para. 8)

Meaning: The most valid argument to support the humanities is perhaps they can provide us with a wide range of opportunities.

in favor of: supporting a person or an idea, proposal, etc. that you believe is right 支持,赞同

Congress has decided in favor of a ﹩200 million housing development. 美国国会已决定赞成一个两亿美元发展住房的计划。

the scope of: the range of 范围

The Student Association has promised to widen the scope of activities. 学生会已承诺要扩大活动范围。

25 Did you know that James Cameron, world-famous director of the movie, Titanic, graduated with a degree in the humanities? So did Sally Ride, the first woman in space. So did actors Bruce Lee, Gwyneth Paltrow, Renee Zellweger and Matt Damon. Dr. Harold Varmus, who won a Nobel Prize for Medicine, studied the humanities. Even Michael Eisner, Chairman of the Disney Company, majored in the humanities. (Para. 8)

Meaning beyond words:All these famous people should attribute their success to their previous study of the humanities, which invested them with great insight and self-awareness.

Usage NOTE

so did I, so I did

1.“so+系动词(助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构为倒装语序,表示前句叙述的情况也同样适合后句的人或物,此结构中前后句的主语为不同的人或物。

The girl is smart and clever; so is her brother. 那个女孩聪明伶俐,她的兄弟同样也聪明睿智。

2.“so+主语+系动词(助动词或情态动词)”结构为正常语序,就前面提到的肯定事实予以确认,表示乙赞同甲的话。这种句型中,前后主语相同。此处so相当于indeed/certainly。

The girl says her brother works hard, and so he does. 那个女孩说她的兄弟很努力,他确实是很努力》

26Famous people who studied the humanities make a long list indeed. It’s easy to see that the humanities can prepare us for many different careers and jobs we can undertake, whether medicine, business, science or entertainment. (Para. 8) Meaning: It is true that famous people who studied the humanities can make up a long list. Obviously, the humanities enable us to engage in many different careers and jobs, no matter whether they are medicine, business, science or entertainment.

NOTE: “Whether medicine, business, science or entertainment”is an elliptical

clause. It can be understood as “whether they are medicine, business, science or entertainment”. In an elliptical clause some words are left out. Because it’s within a context, it is usually clear what is missing. As a rule, elliptical sentences consist of

two clauses, one containing the grammar elements the other has left out. For example:

1)Jessica had five dollars while Monica (had) one. 杰西卡有五美元,而莫妮卡只有一美元。

(The verb had is dropped from the second clause, but the meaning is still clear.)

2)Leave quickly when (you are) ready. 准备好就赶紧离开吧。

( In the sentence, you are is understood though omitted.)

3) Although (she is) known for her beauty, Cornelia has a bad temper. 科妮莉亚虽然以美貌著称,不过她脾气很差。

(Even omitting she is, the sentence works fine—more concise and emphatic.) prepare…for…: make sb. ready and able to deal with a future event 使…做好准

备(应对未来)

We now need to prepare them for the digital economy. 我们现在需要让他们为

数码经济做好准备。

undertake: vt. (undertook, undertaken) agree to be responsible for a job or project and do it 承担;着手做

Dr. Johnson undertook the task of writing a comprehensive English dictionary. 约翰逊博士着手写一本详尽的英语词典。

27If we study only mathematics, it’s likely we will be a candidate only for jobs as a mathematician. (Para. 8)

Meaning: If we study only mathematics, very possibly we will be a person who only competes for jobs as a mathematician.

Meaning beyond words:We can be more competitive if we study the humanities, together with mathematics.

candidate: n. [C] sb. who is being considered for a job or is competing in an election 候选人

One US corporation offered a large sum of money in support of a US presidential candidate at a time when the company was under investigation. 一个美国公司在接受调查期间为某个美国总统候选人提供了大量的金钱支持。

28If we include studying the humanities, we can make breakthroughs on many barriers and are limited only by our effort and imagination. (Para. 8)

Meaning:If we also study the humanities, we can successfully remove many obstacles on our way and still develop our potential unless we don’t try enough and lack imagination.

breakthrough: n. [C] a discovery or achievement that comes after a lot of hard work 突破;重大发现;重大成就

Scientists have made more than one major breakthrough in the treatment of cancer. 科学家在治疗癌症方面取得了不止一个重大突破。

barrier: n. [C] anything that prevents progress or makes it difficult for sb. to achieve sth. 障碍

The new president advocated the removal of trade barriers for his country. 那位新总统主张为他的国家消除贸易壁垒。

29Of course, nowadays, if we study the humanities alone, we are liable to miss many opportunities. (Para. 9)

Meaning: It is for sure that nowadays if we study the humanities alone, we are likely to miss many chances or opportunities.

liable: (be ~ to do sth.)likely to do sth. in a particular way because of a fault or tendency 可能(易于)做某事的

Many parts of the country are liable to suffer from flooding. 该国的许多地方易遭水灾。

30Each one of us needs to become as technically and professionally skilled as possible to help meet the needs of modern life. (Para. 9)

Meaning: To satisfy the needs of modern life, all of us need to try our best to become technically and professionally skillful.

31In fact, increasingly a pairing of technical knowledge and inner insight is seen as the ideal in the establishment of a career. (Para. 9)

Meaning:In fact, a combination of technical knowledge and inner insight is increasingly looked upon as the ideal mode for starting a career.

establishment: n. [U] the process of starting or creating sth. such as an organization 建立;创立;设立

We support their struggle for the establishment of a new international economic order. 我们支持他们为建立国际经济新秩序而斗争。

32If I were the Dean of Admissions at a medical school and two people applied to our school, both having the required basic scientific courses, one a philosophy major and the other solely a pre-med student, the philosophy applicant would be chosen. (Para. 9)

Meaning:Suppose I were the Dean of Admissions at a medical school and I were recruiting two applicants. Both of them took the required basic scientific courses, but one is a philosophy major and the other just pre-med. I would surely choose the one with the philosophy background.

NOTE:In American culture, the“dean”is usually the head of a“division”or

“college”within the larger unit of the university.

sole: a. (only before noun) the only one of a particular type 唯一的;仅有的

The sole purpose of his trip was to attend a concert at Carnegie Hall. 他此行的唯一目的是参加在卡内基音乐厅举行的一场音乐会。

solely: ad. involving nothing except the person or thing mentioned 唯一地;仅仅Scholarships are given solely on the basis of financial need. 奖学金的颁发只根据财务需要。

pre-med:a.(AmE) relating to classes that prepare a student for medical school, or to the students who are taking these classes. 医学院预科的;针对医学院的预科生的My sister wants to become a doctor, and she is now a pre-med student. 我妹妹想

成为一名医生,她现在是医学院的预科生。

33In summary, the humanities help to create well-rounded human beings with insight and understanding of the passions, hopes and dreams common to all humanity. (Para. 10)

Meaning: To summarize, with the help of the humanities, we can create all-rounded people who are insightful and well understand the passions, hopes and dreams common to all humanity.

well-rounded human beings: human beings with a range of interests and skills and a variety of experience 全面发展的人

34The humanities, the ancient timeless reservoir of knowledge, teach us to see things differently and broaden our horizons. They are as useful and relevant in our modern age as they have always been. (Para. 10)

Meaning: The humanities, the ancient timeless resource of knowledge, teach us to see things from different perspectives and to expand our horizons, which is useful and related to our modern life, just as it has always been.

Note:Humanities is considered as a plural noun when it refers to different subjects such as history, philosophy, or English, but in modern tendency, it can be considered as grammatically singular when it refers to an academic discipline or field. reservoir: n. [C]

1) a large quantity of sth. that can be used 积蓄;储备

Colleges are a reservoir of talents for companies. 大学是企业的人才库。

2)an artificial or natural lake where water is stored so that it can be supplied to the houses in an area (人造的)水库;(天然)蓄水湖

If it rains heavily, the reservoir will overflow. 如果下大雨,水库里的水将会溢出来。35Doesn’t it make sense to spend some time in the company of the humanities, our outstanding and remarkable treasure of knowledge? (Para. 10)

Meaning: Isn’t it reasonable to spend some time with the humanities, our extremely good and marvelous treasure of knowledge?

Meaning beyond words: It’s beneficial to study the humanities.

Note:This is a rhetorical question(反问句), thereby requiring no answer at all. In other words, a rhetorical question is one which is asked in order to make a statement rather than get an answer. For example:

Don’t you know you are mistaken again? 你难道不知道你又错了吗?

Why don’t you let your brother speak rather than interrupt each time he tries to talk? 为什么你不能让你哥哥说话,而是每次他试图说话时就打断他呢?

in the company of:in sb.’s company; with sb. 和某人在一起

She caught sight of her grandson, in the company of three other boys of similar age, going into the narrow alley which led to the railway. 她看见她的孙子与其他三个年龄相仿的男孩一起,进入了那条通向铁路的狭窄小巷。

outstanding:a. extremely good or impressive 杰出的;出众的;显著的

His performance in charitable activities was outstanding. 在公益活动方面,他的表现非常出色。

36Who knows how famous YOU might become! (Para. 10)

Meaning:No one can tell how famous you will be!

Section B

Background information

1 colleges in the United States

Colleges in the United States include a variety of institutions of higher education. Strong research and funding have helped elevate US colleges and universities among the world’s most prestigious, making them particularly attractive to international students, professors and researchers in the pursuit of academic excellence. According to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Academic Ranking of World Universities, more than 30 of the highest-ranked 45 institutions are in the United States (as measured by awards and research output). Public universities, private universities, liberal arts colleges, and community colleges all have a significant role in higher education in the United States. According to UNSECO (the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), the country also has the second largest number of higher education institutions in the world, with a total of 5758, an average of more than 115 per state.

2 post-secondary education in the United States

Post-secondary education in the United States is known as college or university and commonly consists of four years of study at an institution of higher learning. Students traditionally apply for admission into college. Once admitted, students engage in undergraduate study, which consists of satisfying university and class requirements to achieve a bachelor’s degree in a field of concentration known as major. Professional degrees such as law, medicine, pharmacy, and dentistry, are offered as graduate study after earning at least three years of undergraduate schooling or after earning a bachelor’s degree depending on the program. These professional field do not require a specific undergraduate major, though medicine, pharmacy, and dentistry have set prerequisite courses that must be taken before enrollment.

Some students choose to attend a community college for two years prior to further study at another college or university. Community colleges typically offer two-year associate’s degrees, although some community colleges offer a limited number of bachelor’s degrees. Some community college students choose to transfer to a four-year institution to pursue a bachelor’s degree. Community colleges are generally publicly funded and offer career certifications and part-time programs.

Detailed study of the text

1 The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. (Para.1)

Meaning: It is beyond question that the perceived need for a college education has been accepted for more than one generation.

Note The word case, from the context, refers to the” general consensus” mentioned in this paragraph: All high school graduates ought to go to college...

2These has been a general consensus that all high school graduates ought to go to college because college will help them get a job, earn more money, become “better”people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don’t go. (Para.1) Meaning:It has been generally accepted that all high school graduate should go to college because doing so will enable them to get a job, earn more money, become so-called “better” people, and learn how to be more responsible than those who don’t go to college.

consensus: n. [sing., U] agreement among all the people involved 一致同意

We have reached a consensus after a long discussion.我们经过长时间的讨论后已经达成了共识。

3However, given the huge cost of attending a university and the shrinking job market, should we not re-examine the case for college? (Para.1)

Meaning: However, considering the huge cost of attending a university and the worsening job market, should we evaluate the case for going to college again? shrink: (shrank, shrunk)

vi. become smaller in amount, value, or range (数量、价值、范围)减少,下降,缩小

The company’s profits have shrunk from £5.5 million to £1.25 million. 公司的利润已经从550万英镑缩水到125万英镑。

v. become smaller or make sth. smaller in size (使)收缩;(使)缩小

Your sweater will shrink if you wash it at too high a temperature. 你的毛衣如果在过高的温度下洗涤,就会缩水。

4 The reality is that college has never been magical for everyone. (Para.2) Meaning:The real situation is: Not all the students can benefit from college, or college is never meant for everyone.

Meaning beyond words: College only fits those who really want to study. For some others, it may be a waste of their time and money.

5 Now that close to half our high school graduates are attending college, those who don’t fit the pattern are becoming more numerous. (para.2)

Meaning: Since nearly half of our high school graduates are attending college, more and more students now realize that college is not really a proper place for them.

6Excess college graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis. (Para.2)

Meaning: Too many college students end up selling shoes and driving taxis. Meaning beyond words:Too many college graduates don’t necessarily use the knowledge they learned from school, so what’s the point of going to college if the college can’t help them locate a decent job?

7 Some adventuresome educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that we revise our attitudes and reform the system. College may not be the best, but the proper or even realistic place for every young person after the completion of school. (Para.3)

Meaning:The suggestions that we change our viewpoints and improve the college system have been made by some creative education and campus observers, who also argue that college may not be the best or the proper or even practical place for every young person after they complete high school.

revise: vt.

1)change your opinion or judgment of sb. or sth. 改变(观点、判断)

His behavior today has made me revise my original impression of him.他今天的行为改变了我原来对他的印象。

2)change, improve, or make additions to sth. such as a book, law, or piece of writing 修改;订正;校订

You have to listen to the feedback from an audience before you revise what you have written. 在修改你写的东西之前,先听听观众的反馈意见。

reform:

vt. improve a situation by correcting things that are wrong or unfair, or make a system work more effectively 改革;革新;改进

Plans to reform the health-care system have failed more than once. 改革医疗保健系统的计划已经不止一次遭遇了失败。

n. [C,U] a change intended to correct a situation that is wrong or unfair or make a system work more effectively 改革;革新;改进

Some reforms of/to the system will be necessary. 对该系统进行一些改革是必要的。realistic: a. based on facts and situations as they really are 实际的;现实可行的They are still some students who don’t have realistic expectations regarding their career opportunities in today’s economy. 在现在的经济形势下,还是有一些学生对他们的就业机会抱有不切实际的期望。

8Critics suggest we may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down through the rosy glow of our remembered college experiences. (Para.3) Meaning: Skeptical people think that the way we have been viewing all those surveys

and statistics might be wrong, for we are motivated by the wonderful memory of our own college experiences.

Meaning beyond words: People might be biased when viewing all the surveys and statistics because of their own college experience.

critic: n.[C]

1 sb. who does not like sth. and states their opinion about it 批评者

Critics of the scheme have said that it will not solve the problem of teenage crime. 此项计划的批评者说它解决不了青少年犯罪问题。

2 sb. whose job is to write or broadcast their opinions about things such as books, films, or plays (书、电影、戏剧等的)评论家,评论员

The play has been well received by the critics. 该剧受到了评论家的赞赏。

Usage NOTE

critic, critical

1 critic 是名词,意为“批评者;评论家”;critic不能用作形容词。

What did the New York critics have to say about the production?纽约的评论家们对该产量有何说法?

critical是形容词,表示“审慎的;严谨的;一丝不苟的”之义时,只能用在名词前,作修饰语。

In his book, Laurence takes a critical look at modern life. 在他的书中,劳伦斯对现代生活作了严谨的阐述。

2 形容词critical表示“批评的;批判的;决定性的;关键性的;危急的”,既可

作名词修饰词,也可用在系动词后作表语。

Whole groups of nations adopted a more critical attitude toward apartheid.各民族都对种族隔离制度持批判态度。

The problem of food supplies is bound to be critical.粮食供应的问题肯定是决定性的。

survey: n. [ C ] a set of questions that you ask a large number of people or organizations 调查

The result of the online survey about the new products has proved to be positive.对新产品的网络调查结果是可喜的。

upside down: ad. with the top part at the bottom or lower than the bottom part 颠倒地;倒置地

To mix the contents well, turn the jar upside down and shake it.要把里面的东西搅拌好,你可以把罐子倒过来,并摇动一下。Note In English, the word rosy is used when describing something likely to be successful or happy such as"rosy future". However, something the word implies that it seems better than it really is. For example:

Politicians still paint a rosy picture of the American economy although most people know from their own experience that this is not so. 政客们依然描述着美国经济的大好前景,虽然大多数人从自己的经验得知事实并非如此。

考研英语与大学英语四六级的区别

考研英语与大学英语四六级的区别 准备考研的同学大部分都考过英语四、六级,那么是英语六级难还是考研英语难,有些同学英语六级考了560分,但考研只得了50分,有些同学本科是英语专业过了专业八级,但考研也只得56分,究其原因,是因为英语四、六级与考研英语是完全不同的两个体系的考试。 四、六级是资格考试,只要能达到了一定的水平就能得高分。而考研英语是筛选性的考试,每年国家招的人数是有限制的,因此国家会利用英语这门考试筛选一部分人。考研英语与六级考试有四点不同。 一、考试的题型不同 考研的题型有完型、传统阅读、新题型、翻译、作文。其中完型由280个单词构成,给出20个空,每空2.5分,共10分,这道题全国的均分是2.5-3.5分,此题考查同学们的词组搭配,语法和语感能力。传统阅读由4篇文章构成,每篇文章400个单词,5个问题,每题2分,一共20个问题,共计40分。新题型是国家取消研究生入学考试听力以后新加的题型,此题来源于博士研究生入学考试的题型。翻译是平衡整张试卷难度的。如果前面出的题难就会出2个长难句,3个简单句;如果前面的题简单,此题就会出3个长难句2个简单句。建议大家把真题中的阅读认真翻译一遍,真题阅读是翻译的好的范本。作文由一篇小作文和一篇大作文构成,其中小作文10分,要求写一篇100个单词的应用文,大作文20分,要求写一篇160-200个单词的议论文,万学海文有一个超级作文模版,此模版用哲学的观点把世间万物分为4类,此模版把一篇作文变成了一个填空题,只要大家把议论的事物填进去,便可得一个很好的分数。 二、单词考核的侧重点不同 四、六级考试一般考单词的前一两个常用的意思,而考研英语考单词的最后两个意思。2005年研究生入学考试英语作文题讲得是赡养老人的问题,赡养这个单词很多同学都不会写,其实很简单就用support,可能大家只知道support有支持,提供的意思,但忘记了它还有赡养的意思。 三、语法考核的侧重点不同 四、六级考试重点考核词法,如名词、动词、形容词、介词等等,而考研英语侧重考核语法,如宾语从句、状语从句、倒装句等等。 四、文章选材与命题思路不同 四、六级考试的文章一般选自描写风土人情、人物传记的文章或小小说等,考研英语文章选自科技论文,外文期刊综述,外国产品说明书等。四、六级考试的文章大家读懂了就可以做对,但是考研英语的文章大家读懂了,也不一定做对。比如四、六会问是哪个教练带领中国足球冲向世界,但考研英语会问为什么黑哨在足球联比赛中屡禁不止。 大家了解了考研英语与四、六级的区别后,就可以采用科学合理的方法复习英语。很多同学在背单词的时候有三大误区。 一、记一个单词的时间太长,有的同学记一个单词会用5分钟,这就浪费了4分钟10秒,人的记忆力在50秒时达到顶峰,再往后就急剧下降,所以大家在记单词时要加大单位时间内的频率。这就如同我们见到了一个美女,若我们和她谈一个小时,一个月后我们不一定还记得她,但是若我们每天和她谈5分钟,连续12天,相信2个月后,这个美女长什么样子,穿什么衣服,我们还记得一清二楚。 二、喜欢记熟悉的单词,很多同学背单词会从字母a开始,背了几天后发现自己还在背以字母a开头的单词,于是又从z开始背,结果背了几天还在以字母z开头的单词里。最后认识的还是认识,不会的照样不会。建议大家记单词时把生词做个标记,下次看时重点看生词。 三、边背边写,这个习惯也不好。因为考研英语词汇分为5级,其中大家只要记住一级

Unit 2 课文翻译

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unit2课文翻译The Virtues of Growing Older

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大学英语精读1 第三版 课文英汉对照

UNIT 1 As we are at the start of the course, this seems a good moment to offer some advice on how to make the task of learning English easier. 课程开始之际,就如何使学习英语的任务更容易提出一些建议似乎正当其时。 Some Strategies for Learning English Learning English is by no means easy. It takes great diligence and prolonged effort. 学习英语绝非易事。它需要刻苦和长期努力。 Nevertheless, while you cannot expect to gain a good command of English without sustained hard work, there are various helpful learning strategies you can employ to make the task easier. Here are some of them. 虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语,然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。以下便是其中的几种。 1. Do not treat all new words in exactly the same way. Have you ever complained about your memory because you find it simply impossible to memorize all the new words you are learning? But, in fact, it is not your memory that is at fault. If you cram your head with too many new words at a time, some of them are bound to be crowded out. What you need to do is to deal with new words in different ways according to how frequently they occur in everyday use. While active words demand constant practice and useful words must be committed to memory, words that do not often occur in everyday situations require just a nodding acquaintance. You will find concentrating on active and useful words the most effective route to enlarging your vocabulary. 1. 不要以完全同样的方式对待所有的生词。你可曾因为简直无法记住所学的所有生词而抱怨自己的记忆力太差?其实,责任并不在你的记忆力。如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑,必定有一些生词会被挤出来。你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们。积极词汇需要经常练习,有用的词汇必须牢记,而在日常情况下不常出现的词只需见到时认识即可。你会发现把注意力集中于积极有用的词上是扩大词汇量最有效的途径。 2. Watch out for idiomatic ways of saying things. Have you ever wondered why we say, "I am interested in English", but "I am good at French"? And have you ever asked yourself why native English speakers say, "learn the news or secret", but "learn of someone's success or arrival"? These are all examples of idiomatic usage. In learning English, you must pay attention not only to the meaning of a word, but also to the way native speakers use it in their daily lives. 2.密切注意地道的表达方式。你可曾纳闷过,为什么我们说“我对英语感兴趣”是“I'm interested in English”,而说“我精于法语”则是“I'm good at French”?你可曾问过自己,为什么以英语为母语的人说“获悉消息或秘密”是“learn the news or secret”,而“获悉某

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和考前大练兵。 九、《大学英语A》对应电大开放教育本科教学计划中的《英语综合实践》课程, 《大学英语B》对应电大开放教育本科教学计划中的《英语Ⅱ(2)》课程。

Unit-2-课文翻译

Unit 2 Friendship Text A All the Cabbie Had Was a Letter 摘要: 老朋友天各一方,你心有何感?你是否努力保持联系?有时候写信的事很容易会一拖再拖,总以为明天有的是时间。然而,正如这则故事所表明的,有时我们拖得太晚了。也许读一读这个故事会让你提起笔来。 出租车司机拥有的就剩一封信 福斯特?韩克洛 他准是完全沉浸在所读的东西里了,因为我不得不 敲挡风玻璃来引起他的注意。 他总算抬头看我了。“你出车吗?”我问道。他点点 头,当我坐进后座时,他抱歉地说:“对不起,我在读 一封信。”听上去他像是得了感冒什么的。 “我不着急,”我对他说。“你接着把信读完吧。” 他摇了摇头。“我已经读了好几遍了。我想我都能 背出来了。” “家书抵万金啊,”我说。“至少对我来说是这样,因为我老是在外旅行。”我估量他有六七十岁了,便猜测说:“是孩子还是孙子写宋的?” “不是家里人,”他回答说。“不过,”他接着说,“想起来,也可以算是一家人了。 埃德老伙计是我最老的朋友了。实际上,过去我俩总是以‘老朋友’相称的——就是说,当我俩相见时。我这人就是不大会写东西。” “我看大家写信都不那么勤快,”我说。“我自己笔头就很懒。我看,你认识他挺久了吧?” “差不多认识了一辈子了。我俩小时候就一起玩,所以我俩的友谊确实很长了。” “一起上的学?”. “都一起上到高中呢。事实上,我俩从小学到高中都在一个班里。” “保持这么长久友谊的人可真不多见啊,”我说。 “其实呢,”司机接着说,“近25到30年来,我跟他一年只见一两次面,因为我从原来住的老街坊搬了出来,联系自然就少了,虽说你一直放在心上。他在的时候可真是个大好人。” “你刚才说他‘在的时候’。你是说——?” 他点了点头。“前两个星期过世啦。” “真遗憾,”我说。“失去朋友真不是个滋味,失去个真正的老朋友更让人受不了。” 他开着车,没有接话儿。我们沉默了几分钟,可我知道他还在想着老埃德。他又开口时,与其说是跟我说话,还不如说是自言自语:“我真该一直保持联系。真的,”他重复道,“我真该—直保持联系。” “是明,”我表示赞同,“我们都该与老朋友保持更多的联系。不过总是有事情冒出来,好像就是抽不出空来。”

大学英语精读课的教学心得

大学英语精读课的教学心得 本学期本人任教一年级大学英语课程,工作中自觉遵守教学规律,贯彻党的教育方针,以身作则,教书育人。关注本学科及相关的学术发展动态,刻苦钻研,努力提高自身业务水平,坚持学习,与同事进行交流合作,积极参加科组教研活动,例如到深圳职业技术学院参观学习,学院第二英语角活动,主动提出意见建议,促进教学教改。关心学院发展与建设,服从工作安排,遵守各规章纪律,保持全勤,参与学院的集体活动。以下是本人的几点教学心得: 我们的学生在中学阶段已经掌握了较系统的语法知识,故目前在教学中重点是提高学生的阅读理解能力,进而培养学生的书面表达能力。据学生反映,他们的难题主要是单词和课文内容。相应的教学方法是: 一、单独讲解单词。如果只是简单地解释词性、意思、词组,然后做翻译练习,不免显得枯燥,而且学生很难整节课都集中注意力,因而达不到良好教学效果。本人采用的方法是尽量地把本课单词有机地串联起来,帮助学生形成一种记忆链条,并且给他们定一个目标:Try to put everything in mind instead of on the notebook!例如,在这个单元中,主要探讨科学的发展及其对我们生活的影响。上课的时候,首先从手机(mobile phone)展开话题,由其体积大小、价格的变化,引出技术发展两个新词:technology,develop,(development),继而是技术发展的动力之一“竞争”(competition),而当今的竞争是激烈的(severe)、“全球性的”(global),创造力(inventiveness)、自创精神(initiative)尤为重要,接下来讨论科技发展(technology development)对我们日常生活的影响或关联(relevance)。到此,让学生尝试用几句话把这些词串连起来:Technology develops at a rapid rate nowadays. Anyway, the rapid development has been brought about by the force of competition, which is severe and global, and needs initiative. Does the development have any relevance to our daily life? Sure. Ten years ago, it was impossible for a student to have a mobile phone. 在讲解完一组相关的词后,让学生做课本的选词填空练习,巩固对单词词义的理解和掌握正确用法。其次,以游戏的方式练习词汇。由一或两名学生背对黑板,教师写上词或词组,全班同学给提示直到他们猜出词语。这样既活跃课堂又使学生有机会练习口头表达能力,也可锻炼当众表演的胆量。例如,dream一词,提示有:something in your mind when you sleep, sometimes it is true, sometimes it is imagination, people may appear, animal may also come into sight, you might be happy, might be frightened, even in horror……大量旧词汇得到复习。 二、课文讲解。由于课是两节或三节连堂,如果按照传统的语言点、加语法、再加句子分析翻译,学生很难完全接受。较可行的方法是分成三部分。第一,先完成整篇的理解性问题,课本的“content question”,让学生了解课文大概。第二,语言点、语法结构讲解,分段落完成。学生们逐段阅读,留一定时间给他们提问,然后就学生忽视的内容个别提问、再总结,形成教与学的互动,促使学生思考。第三,完成第一、第二阶段的教学后,再分析整篇文章的结构,每部分的main ideas,总结全文观点。让学生练习表达能力。同时回顾一些重要的细节或段落、句子,构成完整的篇章学习。部份故事性趣味性强的文章,采用分组表演,促进学生团对合作。很受欢迎。 三、课后练习:时间充裕的话,可让学生在课堂完成,再评讲,或者布置为家庭作业,课堂评讲。这也可作为语法、语言点的练习与复习。尽量运用本单元新学的知识,再与先前所掌握的作比较。 四、随堂测验。每讲完一小单元,如单词、语法或语言点之后,用十分钟左右进行随堂测验,可用口头或书面形式。可深化学生的记忆,达到良好的教学效果。 五、作业批改。学生首先关注的是分数,往往忽视错误部分,故批改时只圈出错的地方,学生自己改正后再上交,然后针对个别辅导。真正巩固知识。 以上是本人的教学心得。在今后的工作中,本人将继续努力,不断提高教学水平,高质量完成教学任务。

英文作文——高中和大学生活的异同

The Difference Between My High School Life and My College Life 对外汉语4班 张斯妍 11065079

The Difference Between My High School Life and My College Life I have been a college student for three months. It’s hard to express my feelings about my collegial life. All I want to say are some words like wonderful colorful and comfortable. Before I came to my college I often dreamed about the life in there. First I hope I will have some lovely roommates so that I can have a peaceful life in my dorm. Then I hope my school will be as beautiful as what I expected. Last I hope I will have a good environment to study. On the day term begins, all these have come true. ●School My school is beautiful and huge. It takes more than an hour to visit the whole school. I t’s almo st ten times as big as my high school. There are many rivers, small forests, two playgrounds and a mini zoo in my school and you can see trees and flowers everywhere. How beautiful it is! ●Life Before I came to my college, I have never lived without my family. So they were very worried about whether I could live myself. But the truth was that I have done a good job. I can live myself very well. What’s more, I could manage my money very well, too. When I was a high school student, I always thought I was a child and I

人教版高一英语必修二Unit2第一篇课文翻译

采访 帕萨尼亚斯是2000年前的一位希腊作家,他在2007年3月18日作了一次魔幻旅行,来打听当代奥林匹克运动会的情况。现在他正在采访一位2008年奥林匹克运动会的志愿者李燕。 帕:我叫帕萨尼亚斯。我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”,并且我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。现在我来到你们这个时代,想了解有关当代奥运会的情况,因为我知道2004年奥运会是在我的祖国举行的。我可以问你一些有关现代奥林匹克运动会的问题吗? 李:天哪!你真的来自那么久远的年代?当然,你可以问你想问的问题。你想知道什么呢? 帕:你们的奥运会多久举办一次? 李:每四年一次。运动会主要有两种——夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会。这两种运动会都是每四年举行一次。冬季奥运会总是在夏季奥运会的前两年举行。只有达到

它们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参加奥运会。选手可以来自世界任何一个地方。 帕:冬季奥运会?冬天,运动员怎么享受比赛啊?又怎么可能赛马呢? 李:噢,不!冬奥会并不包括跑步和骑马比赛。但有像滑冰和滑雪这类需要冰雪的比赛项目,所以才叫它冬季奥运会。跑步、游泳、划船和一些团体项目是在夏季运动会上进行。 帕:我明白了。之前你说邀请来的运动员来自世界各地,你指的是希腊世界?我们希腊各个城市之间曾经为了赢得荣誉而彼此竞争。别的国家不能参加,奴隶和妇女也不能参加! 李:现在只要他们的运动员足够优秀,任何国家都能参赛。总共有250多个运动项目,每个项目都有其自己的标准。妇女不仅允许参加比赛,而且她们还在体操、竞技和团体赛等项目中起着非常重要的作用…‥ 帕:请等一下!所有那些项目,所有那些国家,甚至妇女也都参加!所有这些参赛的人住在哪里呢?

unit 2 课文翻译(1)

Smart cars that can see, hear, feel, smell, and talk? And drive on their own? This may sound like a dream, but the computer revolution is set to turn it into a reality. 能看、能听、有知觉、具嗅觉、会说话的智能汽车?还能自动驾驶?这听起来或许像是在做梦,但计算机革命正致力于把这一切变为现实。 Smart Cars智能汽车 Michio Kaku米其奥?卡库 1 Even the automobile industry, which has remained largely unchanged for the last seventy years, is about to feel the effects of the computer revolution. 即便是过去70年间基本上没有多少变化的汽车工业,也将感受到计算机革命的影响。 2 The automobile industry ranks as among the most lucrative and powerful industries of the twentieth century. There are presently 500 million cars on earth, or one car for every ten people. Sales of the automobile industry stand at about a trillion dollars, making it the world's biggest manufacturing industry. 汽车工业是20世纪最赚钱、最有影响力的产业之一。目前世界上有5亿辆车,或者说每10人就有1辆车。汽车工业的销售额达一万亿美元左右,从而成为世界上最大的制造业。 3 The car, and the roads it travels on, will be revolutionized in the twenty-first century. The key to tomorrow's "smart cars" will be sensors. "We'll see vehicles and roads that see and hear and feel and smell and talk and act," predicts Bill Spreitzer, technical director of General Motors Corporation's ITS program, which is designing the smart car and road of the future. 汽车及其行驶的道路,将在21世纪发生重大变革。未来“智能汽车”的关键在于传感器。“我们会见到能看、能听、有知觉、具嗅觉、会说话并能采取行动的车辆与道路,”正在设计未来智能汽车和智能道路的通用汽车公司ITS项目的技术主任比尔?斯普雷扎预言道。 4 Approximately 40,000 people are killed each year in the United States in traffic accidents. The number of people that are killed or badly injured in car accidents is so vast that we don't even bother to mention them in the newspapers anymore. Fully half of these fatalities come from drunk drivers, and many others from carelessness. A smart car could eliminate most of these car accidents. It can sense if a driver is drunk via electronic sensors that can pick up alcohol vapor in the air, and refuse to start up the engine. The car could also alert the police and provide its precise location if it is stolen. 美国每年有大约4万人死于交通事故。在汽车事故中死亡或严重受伤的人数太多,我们已经不屑在报纸上提及。这些死亡的人中至少有半数是酒后开车者造成的,另有许多死亡事故是驾驶员不小心所导致。智能汽车能消除绝大多数这类汽车事故。它能通过会感测空气中的酒精雾气的电子传感器检测开车者是否喝醉酒,并拒绝启动引擎。这种车还能在遇窃后通报警方,告知车辆的确切地点。 5 Smart cars have already been built which can monitor one's driving and the driving conditions nearby. Small radars hidden in the bumpers can scan for nearby cars. Should you make a serious driving mistake (e.g., change lanes when there is a car in your "blind spot") the computer would sound an immediate warning.

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