MW-N-113脉动微振袋式除尘器毕业设计
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毕业论文
布袋除尘器机械结构设计
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摘要
布袋除尘器作为工业除尘的主要除尘设备，是量大面广的工业设备，广泛应用于我国的矿山、冶金、水泥、化工等行业。布袋除尘器是是一种干式高效率除尘器，它是利用纤维编制物制作的袋式过滤元件来捕集含尘气体中固体颗粒物的除尘装置。
通过参阅有关文献，搜集资料等方法，取得对布袋除尘器设计的一定了解，如布袋除尘器的结构组成，选型，工作原理等等，进而进行毕业设计。设计的次序大致规律可分为从下往上，由内到外。按工程实际设计要求和布袋除尘器主体结构设计要求，在指导老师的指导下，查阅机械设计手册等工具书，借鉴其他成品图纸，进行布袋除尘器机械结构设计。本文对布袋除尘器的发展进行了一定的研究，总结了布袋除尘器的优点和缺点。本文主要介绍了布袋除尘器的机械结构组成和核心部件的设计过程，也列出了一台布袋除尘器的设计要求和引用的标准。
关键词：布袋除尘器、结构、设计。
ABSTRACT
Plenum pulse bag type collector, as a main de-dusting equipment, which is used for detecting mechanical properties, and it is widely used in iron an, steel, building materials, metallurgy and chemical industry of China. Plenum pulse bag type collector is a dry collector with the dirty gas using bag filter elements made of fiber prepare content. Through refering to the related literatures, data collection techniques,get to know some informations about plenum pulse bag type collector,such as structures, selection, working
principle, etc and then carry on the graduation design. Design order
can be divided roughly as two ways: from down to up or from inside to outside. According to the actual design requirements and bag dust extractions subject structure design requirements,and with the guidance of the guiding teacher, refer to mechanical design manual reference-books and other product drawings to do the bag dust extractions mechanical structure design. This paper makes a study of bag dust extractions development and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of it. This article mainly introduced the bag dust extractions mechanical structure composition and design process of the core components,and also list a bag dust extractions design requirements and reference standard.
Keywords: Dust collector using filter cloth, structure, design.
目录
第1章前言 (1)
第1.1节选题背景及意义 (1)
第1.2节布袋除尘器的发展……………………………………………..
错误！未定义书签。
第2章总体方案的确定.............................
错误！未定义书签。
第2.1节设计内容与要求………………………………………………..
错误！未定义书签。
第2.2节设计方案论证…………………………………………………..
错误！未定义书签。
第2.3节工艺设计参数确定……………………………………………..
错误！未定义书签。
第3章滤袋的计算和确定............................错误！未定义书签。
第3.1节过滤面积的计算………………………………………………..
错误！未定义书签。
第3.2节滤袋选型………………………………………………………..
错误！未定义书签。
第3.3节计算滤袋数量…………………………………………………..
错误！未定义书签。
第3.4节排列组合………………………………………………………..
错误！未定义书签。
第3.5节校核 (3)
第4章机械结构的设计和主要尺寸的确定 (3)
第4.1节圆筒直径的计算 (3)
第4.2～4.6节其它尺寸的计算 (4)
第4.7节设备结构…………………………………………………………
错误！未定义书签。
第4.8节技术经济指标 (5)
第4.9节筒体的厚度的确定 (6)
第5章经济性分析 (7)
第6章 MW-N-113脉动微振袋式除尘器的使用...........错
误！未定义书签。
第6.1节MW-N-113脉动微振袋式除尘器的运行………………………
错误！未定义书签。
第6.2节MW-N-113脉动微振袋式除尘器的维护管理……………….
错误！未定义书签。
第6.3节MW-N-113脉动微振袋式除尘器的故障及排………………..错误！未定义书签。
结论..............................................错误！未定义书签。
参考文献..........................................错误！未定义书签。
致谢............................................错误！未定义书签。
附录..............................................错误！未定义书签。
第1章前言
第1.1节选题背景及意义
根据国家环保总局测算，我国环境问题所造成的损失约占国民生产总值10%，污染问题已经十分严重，因此环保要求也日趋严格，国家已经对烟尘及的排放提出更加严格的要求。自2004年1月1日起，通过建设项目环境影响报告书审批的新建、扩建、改建火电厂建设项目，烟尘最高允许排放质量浓度为50。一部分地方环保部门提出了更严格的要求，北京市烟尘和的排放允许质量浓度严于很多先进国家标准，从2005 年11月1日起，已运行的火电厂锅炉到时烟尘排放质量浓度仅允许30，目前四电场静电除尘器改为五电场、六电场也很难满足上述要求。与此同时，的排放标准也相应提高。为减少排放，许多电厂将燃用低硫煤或采取相应的脱硫设施，从而导致静电除尘器的除尘效率下降，尤其对于煤中硅、铝含量超过85%的电厂，采用静电除尘器处理的烟尘排放质量浓度已远远达不到环保要求。根据当前形势，静电除尘器改造为布袋除尘器已经势在必行。
在目前建设的火力发电厂中，除尘装置的选择以静电除尘器和布袋除尘器为主。从20世纪80年代开始，我国就在部分电厂就布袋除尘器处理锅炉尾部烟气进行了尝试，由于受当时工艺水平的限制，滤料质量不过关，滤袋破损，导致除尘效率低，换袋频繁，加之工作条件差，致使布袋除尘器没有得到推广应用。国外在火电厂采用布袋除尘器较早，据了解，美国、加拿大、澳大利亚及欧洲等地的一些火电厂采用了布袋除尘器，其效率高达99.9%。当时，由于国内环保要求不高，国外火电厂采用布袋除尘器也不是很多，在引进火电厂设备时大多数引进了静电除尘器，而没有引进布袋除尘器。近年来，随着滤布材料制造技术的发展，袋式除尘器在滤布的强度、耐高温、耐腐、耐磨等方面都有很大的提高。
袋式除尘器也称为过滤式除尘器，是一种干式高效率除尘器，它是利
用纤维编制物制作的袋式过滤元件来捕集含尘气体中固体颗粒物的除尘装置。其作用原理是尘粒在绕过滤布纤维时因惯性力作用与纤维碰撞、摩擦而被拦截。细微的尘粒(粒径为1微米或更小)则受气体分子冲击(布朗运动)不断改变着运动方向，由于纤维间的空隙小于气体分子布朗运动的自由路径，尘粒便与纤维碰撞接触而被分离出来。其工作过程与布袋材料、编织方法、纤维的密度及粉尘的扩散、惯性、质量和静电特性等因素及清灰方式有关。滤布材料是布袋除尘器的关键，性能良好的滤布，除特定的致密度和透气性外，还应有良好的耐腐蚀性、耐热性、耐磨损及较高的机械强度。耐热性能良好的纤维，其耐热度已可达到250℃～350℃，抗磨损较强的布袋寿命可以达到4～5年。
布袋除尘器的烟尘排放质量浓度可以控制在15～50，已经广泛应用于电厂、矿山、冶金、化工、水泥、制药、食品等行业，作为环境净化及产品回收设备。例如内蒙古呼和浩特发电厂由于燃用准格尔煤，煤中与含量高，与含量低，导致静电除尘器收尘困难，在1、2、3、4号机组中采用静电除尘器，其运行效率大大低于设计效率，烟尘排放质量浓度严重超标。在扩建2台670t)淹没式电磁脉冲阀，以花板中心线为准，组织滤袋花板对称成排分布，花板分配示意图如下：
第３.５节 校核
校核：
数量：按花板滤袋孔分布最大化的原则，实际装设滤袋已超过了48条 实际过滤面积250 2.2608113F n S nS m ==?=
过滤负荷：
321413*********.76()q m h m -=÷÷=??
321313*********.35()q m h m -=÷÷=??
排列组合后的实际过滤面积，
滤袋实际数量，条
滤袋的过滤面积，
第4章 机械结构的设计和主要尺寸的确定
第４.１节 圆筒直径的计算
30273273801300016809273273
vt v t q q m ++==?= 0.50.5016809 2.9282628260.7vt g q D m v ????=== ? ? ??????
0()210(0.120.07)20.15 2.2D m d a a m =++=?++?=
式中,圆筒计算直径，；
每台除尘器处理风量，;
圆筒断面速度，,;
直径上花板孔的最大个数，个；
滤袋直径，；
花板孔净间隔，，一般取；
距筒壁的净边距，，一般；
圆筒直径，
第４.２～４.６节其它尺寸的计算
封头高度： =0.25D+0.8=0.25×2+0.8=1.3
净气室高度： =2h=2×0.5=1
尘气室高度： =L+=6+0.5=6.5
灰斗高度： ===1.4
式中——封头高度，
D——圆筒直径，
——净气室直线段高度，
) 电磁脉冲阀组成。脉冲喷吹清灰时，除尘器进出口煤气切断阀 (φ800) 处于关闭状态，有一定实践经验后可改为离线定压清灰。
5）荒（净）煤气管道均为φ1600，进出口分设φ1600电动煤气切断阀（常开）；进出煤气分支管分设φ800电动煤气切断阀（常开）及相应的盲板阀。
6）除尘器运行控制由PLC执行，检测项目包括煤气流量、煤气成分、设备阻力、进出口煤气温度和煤气含尘量，具体由煤气工艺决定。
7）除尘器排灰采用最新输灰技术的短流程排灰工艺，用2台圆板拉链输送机和3GY150型粉体无尘装车机装车，用斯太尔汽车输出。
8）除尘器筒体、荒（净）煤气管及其分支管的保温采用厚度80的泡沫保温瓦，外包0.5镀锌铁皮。
9）除尘器框架为H型钢钢结构组列，分别承担荒（净）煤气管道与配件，以及圆板拉链输送机、粉体无尘装车机的重量。除尘器设有设备支架，直接由标高为11.51平台梁承担设备重量。
10）除尘器梯子、平台与栏杆直接焊接与固定在钢结构框架上。
11）除尘器、管道和钢框架的涂装与着色按建设单位规定执行。
12）除尘器按《GB 6222 工业企业煤气安全规程》规定设有检查孔、安全放散阀和防爆阀，并由PLC完成检测显示。
13）除尘器封头与筒身为焊接；选用弹簧滤袋骨架，换袋时由封头检查孔进出，组织强力喷吹装置、龙骨及滤袋的拆除与安装。
14）防雨棚直接焊接在框架钢柱上。
15）储气罐直接坐装在二层平台上。
第４.8节技术经济指标
MW-N-113脉动微振袋式除尘器的技术经济指标见下表：
第４.9节筒体的厚度的确定
筒体的厚度计算可依据经验，按《GB150钢制压力容器》规定，筒体厚度可从下表中查出。
查表直径2200，温度250时有两个厚度值，在此取14.73
第5章经济性分析
图7为回送空气布袋除尘器、静电除尘器和脉冲袋式除尘器的投资费用比较，单位为美元KW，同时列出了它们运行时的除尘功率。除尘功率用工业气体量表示，即在压降小于或等于150水柱时，通过除尘材料（单位）的工业气体量（单位）。图中可以看出1000m3loculose anti-blow and pulse blow de-dusting running in the
same time, improved the applicability and de-dusting efficiency, extended life
spa n of the bag. There’s no venturi tube in the mouth of bag or blowing tube, that reduces working resistance and makes examining and repairing easy. Electromagnetic pulse valve is of these characters: be sensitive to control, and so on. At present, this type dust collector used widely.
Part 2 Basic structure and working principle
1 Structure
Main structures of plenum pulse bag type collector are as followers: box body and bag compartment (integrative), dust store bin, wind inlet and outlet (including screw conveyer and cinder valve), ladder, baluster, air passage system (including offline pneumatic cylinder, electromagnetic pulse valve, compressed air bag), de-dusting controller and so on.
(1) Box body
Box body is mainly used to fix cage, filter bag and air passage components, made into whole close from. Compressed air enters into box body first, and crushes inside of the filter bag while collector is de-dusting. Box body is made into 1.5 degree inclined plane, that can be prevented from seeper when used in the open air. There’s a door where someone can examine and repair on the top, installing and replacing cage, filter bag are all done , box body is divided into some compartments separated by armor plate between them and impermeable by air, offline de-dust ing will come true. There’s a lift valve in each compartment, which breaks and filtrate smoke current of air.
（2）Bag compartment
Bag compartment is in the below of the box body, mainly used to contain cage and filter bag and from a filtration space, cleaning of smoke is mostly done , bag compartment is divided into some compartments separated by armor
plate between them and prevented from disturbing, at the same time it forms one sedimentation space.
There’s a leaked explosive the wainscot of each compartment, the number of leaked explosive equipment, there’re some coal fines produced in the process of coal preparation, but concentration of coal fine is far less than
65gm3, so collector must not set leaked explosive so, the filter bag should adopt antistatic filter material. You set leaked explosive . Choose the material whose thickness is equal to 1 mm L2-M anneal industrial pure aluminum plank, and the anti-pulls strength of industrial pure aluminum plank is 60Mpa, compared with the anti-pulls strength that is not less than 375Mpa of the carbon structure steel wall plank that the thickness is equal to 4 mm. The leaked explosive ensure that dust collector operates in a safe condition.
（3）Dust store bin
Dust store bin is below of the bag compartment, used to store collected dust. Dust-laden gas enter into dust store bin first before into bag compartment, that the speed of gas falls and the direction of current.
（4）Wind inlet and outlet
There are two kinds of wind inlet and outlet according to the structure of the duster. The wind inlet of the 32 series is a cylinder type, and is directly welded on the lateral plate of the dust store bin. The wind outlet is in the bottom, at the side of the bag compartment, connected with inner side of the bag compartment by the plate the side of the bag compartment. The bag compartment
is separated two parts from the dust store bin by a slant board, with one part as the inlet and the other outlet. Though this structure is of a big volume, the air
is evenly distributed, with a good effect, and suitable for occasions where
dust-laden gas is of a great concentration.
2 Working principle of plenum pulse bag type collector
When dust-laden gas enters the dust store bin from the inlet, some as a result of and free settling, large amount of dust follow the rising air current and enter into the inside of bag compartment. Dust is detained outside the filter bag after being filtered by filter bags, and the purified gas goes into the bag compartment from inside the filter bag, then discharged into the air through the and on, the dust detained outside the filter bag increases, so it causes operating resistance of dust collector rising. If the resistance rises to the pre-set
number(1245－1470Pa), the controller will send out signals, first to control the lift valve to do these operations: close the to open the electromagnetic pulse valve to blow compressed air whose pressure is 0.5-0.7Mpa into filter bag with a short time(0.01－0.12s). The compressed air immediay expands and swarms into filter bag, that make the bag to distort and vibrate, adding the effect of adverse air current, the dust detained outside of filter bag is dropped into the dust store bin. After the de-dusting is finished, lift valve open again, and dust collector begin filtering once more.
Plenum pulse bag type collector is made up of several compartments, where de-dusting is in order, and this is compartment-by-compartment off-line de-dusting. Its advantages are that the de-dusting compartment and the filtering compartment do not interfere each other, will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 2-7.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention is constructed so that mixed current containing dust is sucked into the filteringdust collecting area
through the top of the purity air is discharged from the bottom of the
purse-type filter cloth 11 shown in FIG. 3, an important component of the present invention, retainers 12 of metal are installed in stack according to the vertical length of the purse-type filter cloth, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
According to this design, in order to increase the filtering area, the arrangement of the retainers is continuous not intermittent, and in turn the purging area of filtered clean air (purity air) increases in the respective units. Purse-type filter cloth 11 employed into the dust collector of the present invention are divided into various areas as shown in FIGS. 4A-4D so that the purging of purity air is optimally performed independent of the load pressure loss of the filtering area and the length of the filter cloth, greatly reducing current resistance.
In purse-type filter cloth 11, as shown in FIG. 5, the unit of retainer is established in such a manner that at least one, or multiple, if necessary, retainers 12 are stacked from the top 11a to the bottom 11b of filter cloth 11. In order to prevent filter cloth 11 from being deformed or distorted due to the mechanical operation of the dust collector, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, after a plurality of retainers 12 are stacked in filter cloth 11, a push plate 13 are put on a circular portion 11c formed on the mouth of the filter cloth, and then fastened by bolt 14 and nut 15.
Referring to FIGS. 7A, 7B and 7C, purse-type filter cloth 11 of the present invention is made in which purity air purging velocity Vpa, intermediate entry velocity Vmi, and filtering position entry velocity Fev are distributed uniformly. In other words, the purse-type filter cloth becomes the core of combining dust
settling area 16, filteringdust collecting area 17, purity air purging area 18, and dust discharging area 19.
For the respective explanations to the various shapes of the filter cloth such as bag, envelope and purse, the bag-shaped filter cloth is cylindrical as shown in FIG. 1C. When this is fixed onto the filter cloth mounting plate, its filtering surfaces are trihedron (upper and lower surfaces and circumferential surface). In order to increase the filtering area, the circumferential surface must be increased in length (Fx) while diameter D is constant.
The envelope-shaped filter cloth is rectangular and dihedral. In this case, in order to increase its filtering area, the length of envelope must become longer, its width be changed, or the length and width of the envelope be increased simultaneously to thereby increase both sides thereof. This type of filter cloth is unfavorable to large or middle-sized dust collectors in structure.
The purse-shaped filter cloth of the present invention is the original form.
In the present invention, two surfaces (upper and lower surfaces) of the are set to be constant, and four sides of the twelve sides related to the remaining four surfaces are changed. As the filtering areas of two surfaces increase, the mouth area of the purse increases proportionally to optimally maintain the purging velocity of purity air. By doing so, the pressure loss of the dust collector is compensated to be favorable to the dust collecting function.
Though this may be seen as a simple principle, it will be found in the later description that optimal filtering function is exhibited by assists many functions, and well-known filter cloths.
According to these advantages, filter cloth 11 can be easily manufactured. In addition, compared with the conventional filter cloths whose filtering