新标准英语六年级下册M9语法—there be和have(has)

新标准英语六年级下册M9语法—there be和have(has)

there be与have, has(have/has got)都是?有?的意思。但其句式和用法不同。

there be的be包括am/is/are(一般现在时)/was/were（一般过去时）,一般将来时结构是there is/are going to be……或there will be……，there be 一般情况下没有现在进行时的表达法。

have/has(got)结构中，has用于单三形式（一般现在时第三人称单数用has），除第三人称单数（he,she,it,the boy,that book……）外用have，have/has(got)的一般过去时结构是had（got），一般将来时结构是?某人+is/are going to have(不可用has)……?或?某人+will+have(不可用has)……?，现在进行时结构是?am/is/are+having(不可用hasing)?。

have/has除了是?有?的意思，还有?举行（聚会），开（会），戴着（帽子，杯子），度过（一个愉快的日子）……?等意思。have/has当?有?的意思用时，句型转换可以直接在have/has上变化，也可以借助于助动词（do,does,did……）; have/has不是?有?的意思时，如：举行（聚会），开（会），戴着（帽子，杯子），度过（一个愉快的日子）……，只能借助于助动词（do,does,did……）来转换否定句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句等，不能直接在have/has上变化。

have got/has got一般情况下（小学阶段），意思是?有?，句型转换可以直接在have got/has got的have或has上变化，也可以借助于助动词（do,does,did……）。

一、there be

1、?There be +主语（名词）+地点或时间状语?表示?在某地或某时有某人或某物?。there be 结构中，there本身没有意义，动词be单复数形式要跟there be之后与最临近的名词的单复数（真正的主语）保持一致，即?就近一致原则?，并且要根据?就近一致原则?来变换be 的单复数形式。

如：There is a pen and some pencils in the pencil-box.

Are there any apples in the tree?Yes,there are./No,there isn’t.

2、There be 句型的句型转换：

There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not。当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any。当肯定句中有and时，要将其改为or。如：There isn’t a pen or any pencils in the pencil-box.

There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可。此为"调整法"。但同时要注意，当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any(一般疑问句and不需要改为or)。如：Is there a pen and any pencils in the pencil-box?Yes,there is./No,there isn’t.

There be句型一般疑问句的回答要用：

肯定回答：Yes,there ……（is/are/was/were/will）.

否定回答：No,there ……（isn’t/aren’t/wasn’t/weren,t/won’t）.

且其反义疑问句的附加疑问部分，主语仍然要用there.

如：There is nothing in the box,is there?No,there isn’t.

3、there be 句型有不同时态的变化。there be 结构中的be 是可以运用各种时态的 各种时态的变化是通过 be动词的变化来体现的。

一般现在时There is \ are……

一般过去时There was \ were……

一般将来时There will be…… \ There is/are going to be……等

如：There was a map of China on the wall yesterday.

There is going to/will be a meeting this afternoon.

Will there be a party tomorrow?Yes,there will./No,there won’t.

4、there be sb./sth.doing sth.表示?某处有某人/物正在做某事?。

如：There are some girls speaking English under the tree.

5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于

否定句或疑问句。There is some fish on the plate.(句型转换)

6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句。There are two pens and five books on the table.(句型转换)

7、There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化

①对主语提问：

当主语是人时，用\"Who\'s+介词短语?\"。

There is a girl in the room.(句型转换) 当主语是物时，用\"What\'s + 介词短语?\"。

There are some tables in the room.(句型转换) 注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。

②对地点状语提问：提问地点用"Where is / are+主语?\"

There are two ducks on the lake.(句型转换)

③对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构。

How many +名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？

如：There is a girl in the room.(句型转换)

There are five birds on the tree.(句型转换) How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？(句型转换)

如：There is some rice on the plate.

8、There be结构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。

二、There be 句型与have, has(have/has got)的区别

there be 表示在某地有某物（或人），强调?存在?，主语在there be

之后；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物，强调?拥有，占有，享有?，主语直接是

某人。

如：There were some books in my bag.（书，?存在?在我的书包里，是我?有?，而不是书包?有?）=I have some books in my bag.

Why have you got cups on your heads?=Why are there cups on your heads?(其肯定句式是：We have got cups on our heads=There are cups on our heads.)

We have some apples.(苹果，是我们?拥有?，苹果就是我们的，而不是

?存在?在哪里)

例题：选择填空。

( )There a meeting tonight.

A will be

B had be

C is going be

D was

评析：首先观察题目本身的提示tonight，判断该题的时态是将来时。首先排除选项B和D。C选项的结构不正确，正确结构应该是is going to be。故选A。

Exercises:

一、Fill in the blank with ?have,has?or ?there is , there are?

1. I________a good father and a good mother.

2. _____________a basketball in the playground.

3. She__________some dresses.

4. What does Mike___________?

5. ______________any books in the bookcase?

6. How many students____________in the classroom?

7. My parents___________some nice pictures.

8. ______________many children on the hill.

二、用恰当的be动词填空。

1、There _______some milk in the glass.

2、There _______some people under the the big tree.

3、There _______lots of flowers in our garden last year.

4、There_______ a tin of chicken behind the fridge yesterday.

5、There _______ four cups of coffee on the table.

三、Fill in the blank with? have,has ?

1.We___________some flowers.

2.She___________ a duck.

3.My father____________ a new bike.

4.Our teachers___________a basketball.

5. My friends__________a football.

6.What do your friends___________?

7. What does Helen___________?

8. Miss Li__________an English book

四、选用?have, has, had, there is, there are, there was, there were?填空。

1.They a nice kite.

2.How many students in the classroom?

3. a story-book on the table a moment ago.

4. What do you ?

5. My parents some nice pictures.

6. some maps on the wall.

7. David’s friends some ping-pong balls.

8. many children on the hill.

五、选择题：

1. There are_____ pencils in my pencil box. A．a B.an C.some

2. There is ______ rocking chair in my bedroom. A.a B.an C.five

3. There are _____ new books for you. A. a B.an C.two

4. There is _______ ruler on the desk. A. a B.an C.some

5. There is________cap on the desk. A. one B.an C.three

6. There are ______ pencil boxes in the book bag. A.a B.an C.two

六、句型转换。

将下列句子依次改成：1.否定句。2.一般疑问句，并作肯否回答。3.对画线部分提问。

1.There are five birds in the tree.

2.Daming has about ten books and ten pencils in his bag.

3.There are five birds singing in the tree.

4.I have got a story-book.

5.There’s some rice in the bowl.

6.There‘re five boys in the park.

7.There are some beautiful flowers in the garden.

8.There is an apple tree in the garden.

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(4)生育。 The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in onesummer.(SBⅠL14) 3.和一与动词同形的名词连用，表示一个动作（have＋a＋由动词转化和名词）。 Are you going to have a swim.(JBⅢL1) I have a long talk with the teacher.(JBⅣL10) 4.have on sth或have sth on，表示“穿着”、“戴着”(=to bewearing)。 I noticed he had on bedroom slippers.(SBⅡL6) At the ball Mathilde had a diamond necklace on. 5.表示“吃”、“喝”。 I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs.(JBⅢL10) Does she have lunch at home?(JBⅡL11) 6.组成复合结构即“h ave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”。 (1)不加to的动词不定式作宾语补足语(have sb do sth)，表示让、叫某人做某事。 The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.(SBⅠL17) 〔注〕：否定结构表示“不能让…”或“从未有人…”. We won't have you blame it on others. She had never had anybody speak to her that way before. (2)现在分词作宾语补足语(have sb(sth)doing)，表示让（使）某人做某

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havehas与therebe句型专项练习题

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