六种英语从句

一、宾语从句
宾语从句的连接词：
结构：主语+谓语+宾语（陈述句语序）
、从属连词
连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether，和疑问词（what， how， where， when ...)。
that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，
if和whether，whether...or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。
He told me (that ）he would go to college the next year.
他告诉我他明年上大学。
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
我不知道是否还会有公交车。
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.[1]
没有人知道他是否会通过考试。
Teachers were asking me whether I had gone there or not at that time.
那时老师们在问我是否我曾经去过那里。
（二）关联代词
连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。
连接代词一般指疑问，但what,whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述。
Do you know who has won Red Alert game？
你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么？
The book will show you what the best CEO should know.
这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么。
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia call phone？
你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗？
（三）关联副词
连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
Could you please tell me how you use the new panel
你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.
二、动词的宾语从句
大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句
We all expect （that ）they will win,for members of their team are stronger.
我们都预料他们会赢，因为他们的队员更强壮.
He told us （that） they would help us through the whole work.
他告诉我们在整个工作中，他们都会帮忙的.
部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
I have found out （that） all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.
Can you work out （that）how much we will spend during the trip
你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗
动词短语也可以带宾语从句
常见的这些词有：
make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
当你在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .
我认为我们每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven

’t been to the get-together.
我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
我每天写日记成了习惯.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.
我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it（双宾语）
这类动词主要有：hate,take,owe,have,see to.award,lend.hand,
mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,show,teach,tell
I hate it when they say with their mouths full of food.
我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
He will have it that our plan is really practical.
他会认为我们的计划确实可行.
We take it that you will agree with us.
我们认为你会同意我们的.
When you start the engine,you must see to it that car is in neutral.
开启发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
③若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.
我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.
我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有价值的.
Can you tell me if there any shop here?
你能告诉我这里有商店吗？
三、介词的宾语从句
用whether之类的介词宾语从句：
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.
The new book is about how Shenzhou six manned spaceship was sent up into space.
这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他一无所知.
四、形容词的宾语从句
有些形容词具有动词的含义，所以也可以带一个宾语从句，例如；
1. I am sorry I am late.
I am glad that you can join us.
Are you sure his answer is right?
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有： sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
I am sure I will pass the exam.
我确信我会通过考试.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.
五、if与whether
① if和whether在作“是否”解时，引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后，介词后一般不用if
② 少数动词，如：leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.
③ whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
④ 在不定式前只能用whether.
（如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。）
⑥一般“no matter”后表“是否”用whether而不用if
六、不省略引导词that
当that作learn,suggest,explain,ag

ree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时；
当宾语从句较长时；
当主语状语置于主句尾，宾语从句之前时；
当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时；
当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，此时第一个that可以省略，第二个that不可以省略；
当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时；
当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时；
当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时；
当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时；
当宾语从句有it做其先行词时；
在直接引语中，转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.
当that在从句中充当主语时
七、否定转移
宾语从句的反意疑问句
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的，是不是
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词，其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.通常我们称为否定前疑。
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he
我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课，是不是
八、时态和语序
当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.
当主句为过去时
①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生
I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.
我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书，可不知道是哪个国家.
He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.
他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读《老人与海》.
②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前
He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.
他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉了Mary.
③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后
The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.
记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.
④如果从句是一个客观真理，那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化
The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.
老师昨天说月亮围着地球转.
⑤当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时，不能按正常语序安排，经常将这类引导词置于句首
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year
你认为今年公众会选谁为他们

最喜欢的歌手.
无论任何时候都为陈述语序.
版本二
学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：引导词、语序和时态。
1.引导词
1．从句为陈述句，常选择引导词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。
2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择引导词if或whether。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。
3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等疑问代词、疑问副词作引导词。 注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他。
从句的引导词有很多，如：say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等。
2. 判断时态情况
1．主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态。
2．主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态。 注意：从句描绘客观事实，用一般现在时。
3．关系代词：that，who，whom,whose,which
4．The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple(　)the villagers used as a school.
which;where B.what;which　C.where;which D.what;where
答：选B，动词reach后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，where不可，which引导宾语从句时表疑问含义“哪一个…”而此句中并非疑问含义，不知道哪一座庙宇，而是用what从句表陈述含义，意“过去的一座旧庙宇”；temple后为对其修饰的定语从句，用关系代词which代替，并在从句中作动词used的宾语，use sth. as…“把…用作…”。
宾语从句用作宾语。如：
Do you know where he lives
定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。如：
The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.
This is the man whom he is looking for.
Do you know the girl who is in red?
3. 宾语从句的用法
1．that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外：
①．介词宾语从句的that不能省略。
②． and连接的两个从句，两个从句的that不能省略。
He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.
③．在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中，that不省略。
I heard it said that he had gone abroad
We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time
Whether,if 引导宾语从句：两词可互换，但是下列情形除外：
①．whether从句中有or not
②．whether从句做介词宾语
Everything depends on whether you agree with us
3．许多带复合宾语的句子，宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it做形式宾语。结构是：
主语 + 动词 + it + 形容词/名词等宾语补足语 + 宾语从句
We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.
①．宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。
False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.
Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
②. 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。
Bad: I thought t

hat he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.
Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.
Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.
Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.
③. 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。
Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.
Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.
④. 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；具体细节请看第一部分。
False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.
Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.
版本三
宾语从句，在复合就叫，位于及物动词后。
eg．
Tell him which class you are in ．
Do you know what he likes？
注：

主句谓语过去时，从句相应过去时；
He answered that he was listening to me.
主句谓语现在时，从句时态任所需；
eg． He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk.
They know (that) he is working hard.
具体过去永不变，真理格言现在时；
eg．He told me that he was born in 1980.
Father told me that practice makes perfect .
（2）完成反意问句
在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时，应转移到主句上去，完成反意问句时，应与从句主、谓保持一致。（注： 否定前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称）
eg． I don't think you are right,are you
I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they
（3）运用虚拟语气
在表示：
建议 suggest 、advise、propose;
要求demand 、desire、request；
决定 decide;
命令 order、command、require;
坚决主张 insist;
等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v．（虚拟语气）
eg． I suggested that you（should）study hard．
He ordered that we should go out at once．
（4）宾语从句后置
如果宾语从句后有宾语补语，用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句后置
eg．You may think it strange that he would live there．
（5）that不可省略
宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略
A．当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。
eg．I believe（that）you have done your best and thatthings will get better．
B．当it作形式宾语时
eg．She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．
C．当宾语从句前置时
eg．That our team will win，I believe．
编辑本段版本四
一、定义和例句分析
宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语。
A 作动词的宾语：
I heard the news.
主语谓语动词名词作宾语
I　heard that he would come here later on.
主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语---宾语从句
B 作介词的宾语：
He　said　nothing about the plan.
主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词名词作介

词的宾语
He　said　nothing about who broke the window last night.
主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词　一个句子作介词的宾语
二、复合句的构成
带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起。连接词有：that(可省略)，what,who,when,where,why,which,if,whether,how.
1 He suggested (that) we should clean the corridor every day.
宾语
2 He told me (that) he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm.
间接宾语直接宾语
3 He told me where he was going to travel that summer.
间接宾语直接宾语
4 He wanted to know what the manager had said at the meeting.
who hadn’t passed the exam.
when she would leave this building.
why she cried last night.
where she was going to study.
which student was his partner in the short play.
if (whether) Tom could play basketball with him that morning.
how she managed to solve the problem.
why water flows from a high position to a lower position.
在例子4中，当主句是过去时态时（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时），从句根据不同情况必须使用过去时态的一种，（大自然的现象和真理除外）。
5 He is wanting to know what I can cook for dinner.
who broke the window yesterday.
when I can have a holiday.
why I failed the exam yesterday.
where I should have dinner with my friend tonight.
which book is the best one.
if (whether) I have passed the exam.
how my cat escaped from the room last night.
在例子5中，当主语是现在时态时（一般现在时，现在进行时，一般将来时，现在完成时），从句可根据不同情况使用各种时态。
三、注意
A 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。
False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.
Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。
Bad: I thought that he could finish this　job in just two hours impossible.
Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.
Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.
Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.
C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。
Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.
Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.
D 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；具体细节请看第一部分。
False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.
Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.
宾语从句的点点滴滴　宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，将这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下：
一，引导词
A,由that 引导的陈述句

性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。
例：I told him that he was wrong.
l在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think 等动词变为否定形式。
例：I don’t think you are right. (我认为你做的不对)
l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。
例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)
B,由连词if、 whether 引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。
例：I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.
The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.
l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导
例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。
l宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导.
例：I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.
l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.
例：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.
C,由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,和连接副词when,where,why,how 等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。
例：Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语)
I don’t know where he lives. (where 做地点状语)
二，宾语从句的语序，
宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序，即连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
例：I believe that they will come soon.
He asked me whether I was a teacher.
They wanted to know what they can do for us.
二，宾语从句的时态。
宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，
既：主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。
主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。
例：
She says that she is a student.
She said that she was a student.
She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.
She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.
She says that she has finished her homework already.
She said that she had finished her homework already.
She says that she can sing a song in English.
She said that she could sing a song in English.
l如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
He told me that Japan is an island country.
lCould you tell me…是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。
例：Could

you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum
注意事项：
u由陈述句变成宾语从句时，要注意人称的变化。
例：She said: “I have been to England before.”
She said that she had been to England before.
She asked me: “Do you like maths?”
She asked me if I liked maths.
u宾语从句与简单句的交换。
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式
”做宾语的简单句结构。
例：I don’t know what I should do next.
I con’t know what to do next.
He didn’t know where he would live.
He didn’t know where to live.
DO SOME EXERCISES:
1．Can you see________
what he’s reading B. what is he reading
what does he read D. he reads what
2．Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?(合并成一个句子)
Do you know_____Jack _____from Japan
3．_What did your son say in the letter
_He told me that he___ the Disney would the next day
will visit B. has visited
is going to visit D. would visit
4．He didn’t know__________
what’s the matter B.what the matter is
what was the matter D. what the matter was
5．Somebody called you just now,but I didn’t know____
who were they B. who they were
who was it D. who it was
6．I want to know_____
what is his name B. what’s his name
that his name is D. what his name is
7．---Could you tell me ___she is looking for
---Her cousin,susan.
that B.whose C .who D.which
8．---What are you searching the Internet for
---I’m trying to find out____.
What is the difference between SARS and BIRDFLU
How many persons have died in Iraq
How to protect our environment
Why is our Chinese team be able to beat Korea
9． Do you know___________?(谁正在唱歌)
10． Do you know___________?(她正在和谁谈话)
11． Do you know___________?(昨天发生了什么事)
The keys: 1 A.2 if,comes.3D. 4 D. 5 D. 6 D. 7 C. 8 B
9 who is singing
10 who she is talking with
11 what happened yesterday
编辑本段版本五
关系代词：
1.that指代人或物，在句中作主语或宾语
2.which指代物，在句中作主语或宾语（特殊：指代前面的一整件事
3.who 、whom指代人，分别作主语和宾语
由关系代词whose引导的定语从句：
whose用作名词的限定语，whose后一定有名词。
由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句：
如果句子中不缺少主语和宾语时，则考虑用关系副词。
1、when在从句中作时间状语。when（on which）
2、where在从句中作地点状语。where（in which）
3、why在从句中作原因状语。why（for which）
注意！
1、用which不用what的情况：
（1）“逗号”后不用that用which。（2）介词后不用that用which
2、用that不用which的情况：
（1）先行词为不定代词（各种thing 例：something。nothing）
（2）先行词前有最高级、序数词、the only 、the very 等修饰时

3、特殊情况：
（1）way（方式，方法）+（1）that
（2）in which
（3）什么都用
例：I hit way （that/in which）you speak to your parents
（2）当句子中不缺主语、宾语时，出现“point、condition、stage、case”等词后用where。



二、主语从句
定义
在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫做主语从句。
第一部分
常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语
主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。
（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.
（3）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.
（4）Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.
（5）What caused the accident remains unknown.
（6）Whatever you did is right.
（7）Who the watch belongs to was lost is unknown.
（8）What we need is time.
（9）What we need are good doctors.
小结:
（1）引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等
（2）连词位于句首不能省略
（3）主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数，但也有例外，如例（9）
第二部分
为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在句首位置，真正主语搁置于句末
（1）It is certain that he will win the match.
（2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.
（3）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.
（4）It is strange that he should do that.
（5）It is important that we all should attend the meeting.
（6）It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.
（7）It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.
（8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident.
（9）It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai)
（10）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.
（11）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.
（12）It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)
小结:
（1）为避免头重脚轻，常以形式主语it引导从句。 It+形式主语谓语+从句。
（2）由于主语从句一般被认为是单数形式，形式主语的谓语动词、be动词+表语 均为单数第三人称形式或过去式.
主语从句的用法
主语从句与宾语从句两者的用法和在句中的作用是不同的，下面从它们的各自用法来介绍。
一．主语从句
主语从句 定义：在句子中担当主语的是一个从句，这个从句就叫做主语从句。
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
①主语从句常用it作形式主语，一般常用句型为：It is+{名词/

形容词/过去分词}+主语从句例如：
It is still a question whether she will come or not.
It is strange that you should like him.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
另外，还有一些比较多见的结构：
It turned out that……;
It has been proved that……;
It happened/occurred that……;
It is well-known that……等等
②而强调句则不同，它的结构是：It+be+被强调部分+that+从句
强调主语：It is the times that produce their heroes.时势造英雄
强调宾语：It is English that Prof.Lin teaches us.
强调状语：It was in shanghai that I saw the film.
判断是否是强调句有一个方法，就是将that以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出来单独看，看有没有缺成分，缺的是什么成分，再把谓语动词后面that前面的那部分，带到你认为缺成分的地方，如果放进去是一句完整的句子了，那就说明是强调句。
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is +名词+that从句
It is a fact that … 事实是……
It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that …是常识
(2) it is +形容词+that从句
It is natural that… 很自然……
It is strange that… 奇怪的是……
(3) it +不及物动词+that从句
It seems that… 似乎……
It happened that… 碰巧……
(4) it is+过去分词+that从句
It is reported that… 据报道……
It has been proved that… 已证实……
3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
What 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
What you said yesterday is right.
二：宾语从句用以区分主语从句的几个特征：
1、引导词：what\which\whose\when\whether\if\where
2语序：宾语从句必须是用陈述语句。
如：I think that you must work harder.
宾语从句的引导词、连接词的区别、否定转移等现象。
(1)表达时间的几个句型：一般用when或者是what time：
What time will the train leave?
由于时刻都是固定的，也可以用一般现在时代替一般将来时：
What time does the train leave?
(2)时间的表达方式：8：19(nineteen past eight),7:57(three to eight)，在时间的中间也可以加上分的单词(minutes)
(3)had better +动

词原型。意思是提要求，建议。但是上下级不能用这种方式，因为语气太重：
You had better give up smoking .
(4)sb leave sth +地点
I left my book in my classroom yesterday.
(5)may I have your name(address\age)?一般询问对方的年龄、名字等，不要习惯以前的问法，这样很不礼貌，而是要采访上面的问法。以前的习惯是：how old are you? \what's your name?
(6)修饰名词的代词次序：限-描-大-形---年---颜----籍----物--------类+名词：
this is a bridge.
This is a beautiful bridge
补充：从句的语序永远是陈述句。

三、表语从句
简介
表语从句定义：在一个复合句中，从句作的是主语的表语成分。
A
The problem is puzzling.
表语从句
这个问题令人困惑。
主语+连系动词+形容词作表语
The problem is when we can get a pay rise.
问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪。
主语+连系动词+句子作表语（表语从句）
B
连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, whoever，whomever，whichever ，whatever等。还有如because, as if, as though等。
He has become a teacher.
他已经成为一名教师。
He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.
他已经成为了他10 年前想成为的。
His suggestion is good.
他的建议是好的。
His suggestion is that we should stay calm.
他的建议是，我们应该保持冷静。
The question is confusing.
这个问题令人困惑。
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
问题是，他什么时候可以到达酒店。
注意
A
表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.
Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
B
引导名词性从句时if/whether（是否）用法辨析：
if不能引导表语从句，只能用whether 来引导。
引导宾语从句时if/whether可以互换，但介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether来引导。
位于句首的主语从句只能用whether来引导，同位语从句也只能用whether来引导。
False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.
C
不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.
D
that在表语从句中不可以省掉。　表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是连系动词。
名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句。
例如：The problem is how we can get the things we need.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。（how 在表语从句中充当方式状语）
The scissors are not what I need. 这把剪刀不是我所需要的。（what 在表语从句中充当宾语)
What I told him was that I would find him

a good play. 我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。（what在主语从句中作直接宾语， that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，但不能省略）
That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的。（what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)
That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考试不及格的原因。（why 在表语从句中充当原因状语）
注意
“That is why...”是常用句型， 意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”， 其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语， 该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结， 又如：That is why you see this old woman before you know,Jeanne.珍妮， 这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。（前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异，说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后，用这一句来进行概括）。// That is why I came. 这就是我来的原因。
下面是两个与“That is why...”形式相似的结构， 它们与“That is why...”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚：
(1）“That is why...”与“That is the reason why...”同义， 只不过从语法结构上讲， “That is the reason why...”中why引导的是—个定语从句， 将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why...”结构一样， 例如：
That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 这就是我不能同意的理由。
(2）“That is because...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语， 这也是个常用句型， 意为“这就是为什么……/因为……”。“That is because...”与“That is why...”之间的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由， “That is why...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果， 例如：
He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影， 那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。（第一句话说明结果， 第二句话说明原因）
He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看过那部电影， 因此他昨天晚上没有去看。（第一句话说明原因， 第二句话说明结果）
案例分析
考题1
The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007上海)
A. when B. why C. whether D. that
[答案] D
[解析] 下划线处之后是包含一个原因状语从句的表语从句， 如果看不出它是充当整个句子结构的表语从句将难以把握整个句子的意思。因此， 应选择可引导名词性从句且不充当任何成分的that。
考题2
You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is ____ I disagree. (2004)
A. why B. where C. what D. how
[答案] B
[解析] 下划线处的引导词引导系动词is后的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当地点状语（“disagree”属

于不及物动词， “I disagree”本身是完整的主谓结构）， 下划线应填入引导词where， 表语从句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之处、 我不同意的地方”。
考题3
— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
— Is that ____ you had a few days off? (1999)
A. why B. when C. what D. where
[答案] A
[解析] 下划线处的引导词引导与系动词is连用的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当原因状语， 下划线应填入表示“因此……”（指因某种原因所造成的结果）的引导词why。
考题4
____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (2000上海）
A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that
[答案] A
[解析] 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当宾语， 特指她所不理解的事情， 应填入关系代词型的引导词what； 第二个下划线处表示“因此……”（指因某种原因所造成的后果， 由why引导对应的名词性从句）而不是“为什么……”（指原因、 理由， 由because引导对应的名词性从句）， 应填入引导词why。
考题5
____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (2003上海春）
A. What; because B. What; that
C. That; what D. That; because
[答案] B
[解析] 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当主语， 特指令校方骄傲的事情， 应选用关系代词型的引导词what； 第二个下划线处引导表语从句表示原因、 理由， 应由that引导对应的名词性从句。
考题6
— Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
— Oh,that’s ____. (2003北京春）
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
[答案] A
[解析] A选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的事物”； B选项的意思是“我觉得激动的任何事物”； C选项的意思是“我对它感觉的方式”； D选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的时间”。四个选项中A最适合跟代表“game”的主语that对应， 充当表语从句。
相关关系
简介
宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句。其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同。故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句，充当表语的句子叫表语从句。
宾语从句
（1）对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点
①语序： 从句的语序必须是陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语”这种形式。
②时态： 当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，从句可以是任何时态，而当主句是一般过去时的时候，从句，从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态，即（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时）。
③连接词： 当从句意思完整，主句意思肯定时，连接词用that，且可以省

去，当从句意思完整，主句意思不确定或含否定含意时，常用if或whether（是否），当从句意思不完整时，连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词。
表语从句
在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句，位于主句系动词的后面。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。也是名词性从句的一种。
如：What the police want to know is when you entered red the room警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间。
The trouble is that we are short of funds困难是我们缺乏资金。
This is what we should do这是我们应当做的。
That‘s why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。
His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有。
注意：从句中的疑问句用正常语序，即陈述语序。
as if,as though,because也可用来引导表语从句。
She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起来好像做了一件大事。
It is because you eat too much是因为你吃得太多了。

四、同位语从句
在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。
同位语从句是名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,介宾从句）中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词（短语）的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词（短语）加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。
详细信息
一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。
同位语从句
同位语从句即重复说明同一个称谓或事件的从句。
名词作同位语
Mr Wang,my child’s teacher,will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。
（在这里'my child's teacher'做同位语修饰'Mr Wang')
短语作同位语
I,the oldest girl in the family,always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，总是要照料家中的其他孩子。
直接引语作同位语
But now the question comes to their minds，“Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”
句子作同位语
The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。
用法
同位语部分是个句子，就是同位语从句，这种用法比较"固定"
一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
I heard the news that our team had won．我听

到了我们队获胜的消息。
同位语从句
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等（一般的“抽象”名词都可用）。
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon． 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that，whether，连接代词what，who。连接副词how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city． 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
引导词
同位语从句的引导词，引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。
连词that引导
（注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略）
The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作
同位语从句
的想法是完全错误的。（作idea的同位语）
【注意1】在某些名词（如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等）后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。
He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
连词whether引导
（注：if不能引导同位语从句）
The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。
【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。
其它引导词引导
连接代词what,who,whom,whose，引导同位语从句
1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what作定语）
同位语从句
2).The question who will take his place is still not clear. （who作主语）
连接副词引导
连接副词when,where,how,why
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
先行词
1．定语从句的先行词是名词或代词；而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词，而且仅限于idea，plan，fact，theory，promise，hope，news，doubt，truth，information，suggestion，question， thought，belief，conclusion等少数名词。
例如：
①The boywho is playing footballis my classmate．
②Thosewho work hardwill succeed．
③T

he factthat he had not said anythingsurprised everybody．
④The factthat you are talking aboutis important．
在①句中，加粗部分是定语从句，其先行词是名词 boy，是具体名词，它不能用作同位语从句的先行词。
在②句中，加粗部分也是定语从句，其先行词是代词those，代词不能用作同位语从句的先行词。
在③句中，加粗部分是同位语从句，其先行词是名词fact，它同样可以用作定语从句的先行词，④句便是一例。加粗部分是对fact的修饰，所以是定语从句。
由以上分析可见，同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词，但定语从句的先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词。
2．when，where，why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名词，而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。
例如：
①I still remember the daywhen I first came to Beijing．
②I have no ideawhen she will be back．
在①句中，加粗部分是when引导的定语从句，其先行词day是表示时间的名词；
在②句中，加粗部分是when引导的同位语从句，其先行词idea则不是表示时间的名词。
引导词
定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个：that，when，where，why。下面把四个引导词分成两类说明它们在两种从句中的不同用法。
1．引导词that
引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词，它除了起连接作用，还在定语从句中充当一定成分，并且在意义上代表先行词；引导同位语从句的that叫做从属连词，它只起连接作用。不能省略。
例如：
①The newsthat you told me yesterdaywas really exciting．
②We heard the newsthat our team had won．
在①句中，加粗部分是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，在意义上指代先行词news。
在②句中，加粗部分是同位语从句，that没有任何意义，只起连接作用。
2．引导词when，where，why
引导定语从句时，它们叫做关系副词，在从句中充当状语，可以转换成"介词+关系代词"的形式；引导同位语从句时，它们叫做连接副词，在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成"介词+关系代词"的形式。
例如：
①I will never forgetthe day when I joined the army．
②We have no ideawhen she was born．
在①句中，加粗部分是定语从句，when在从句中作状语，它可以转换成on which的形式；
在②句中，加粗部分是同位语从句， when在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成"介词+关系代词"的形式。
③This is the housewhere I lived two years ago．
④He put forward to the questionwhere the meeting would be held．
在③句中，加粗部分是定语从句，where在从句中作状语，它可以转换成in which的形式；
在④句中，加粗部分是同位语从句，

where在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成"介词+关系代词"的形式。
⑤This is the reasonwhy she will not attend the meeting．
⑥The teacher had no ideawhy Jack was absent．
在⑤句中，加粗部分是定语从句，why在从句中作状语，它可以转换成for which的形式；
在⑥句 中，加粗部分是同位语从句，why在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成"介词+关系代词"的形式。
句式关系
同位语从句与定语从句
that 既可引导同位语从句又可引导定语从句，其区别在于：1.同位语从句由连接词that引导，连接词that本身无意义，在同位语从句中不充当任何成分，不可省略，不可以用其他词替代；2.定语从句由关系代词that引导，关系代词that在从句中充当一定的成分，作宾语时可省略.
由when，where，why引导的 同位语从句和定语从句的区别在于：同位语从句由连接副词只起连接作用，没有指代作用； 定语从句由关系副词引导，关系副词具有指代先行词的作用，常用一个介词加关系代词替换。例如：I will never forget the daywhen we first met. （定语从句，when为关系副词）
That is the special day(which/that) I will never forget. （定语从句，which/that为关系代词，作forget的宾语）
This is the housewhere we lived fifteen years ago. （定语从句，where为关系副词）
This is the housewhich we sold fifteen years ago. （定语从句，which为关系代词，作sold的宾语）.
关系
1. 意义的不同
同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：
We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。（news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句）
We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。（that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句）
2. 引导词的不同
what,how,whatever 等可引导同位语从句，但不引导定语从句。
3.引导词的功能上的不同
that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。
4. 被修饰词语的区别　
同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope,wish,idea,news,fact,promise,opinion,suggestion,truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外，when和where 引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名

词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定：
I have no idea when they will come . 我不知道他们什么时候来。（同位语从句）
I’ll never forget the days when I lived there.. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。（定语从句）
相关语法
同位语从句的位置
1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等）的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。
I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he this afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午可能不能来看你了。
2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。
同位语从句
The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。
从句前名词的形式
同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word除外）加以修饰。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪儿听说我不能来？
同位语从句的语气
在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。
Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。
从句的先行词
同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：idea,situation thought,fact,evidence,belief,doubt,fear,hope,question,theory,news,order,ability等等。
How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new clothes in him? 皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的?
代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语，同时兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。
I owe it to you that I am still alive. 幸亏你，我现在还活着。
有的语法学家把先行词it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为，这种it后的that 从句应看作it的同位语，因为它相当于“主语+be+表语”结构。
You must see to it that the children don't catch cold.(=You must see to it,and It is that the children don't catch cold.）你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。
特殊形式
1.间隔同位语从句
同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后，但有些情况下，由于句子结构的原因，同位语从句不紧跟在名词后，而被其他的词隔开。
A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday
简析：由于that从句太长，为避免句子失去平衡，此处用了间隔同位语从句
2.suggestion,request和order等名词后的同位语从句用

虚拟语气。
She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once.她请求立即请医生来。
简析：suggestion，order，request，proposal，requirement，command，advice，proposition和recommendation等名词后接同位语从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用“（should+）动词原形”的形式，其中should一词可省略。
雅思例句
1 I have a dream that one day,all roads will be made plain.
2 We hold this truth to be self-evident that all men are created equal.
3 Some people hold the opinion that the Internet is a curse.
4 Museums play a role of education for the simple reason that they provide people with a good opportunity to have a deeper understanding of their own country's tradition and cultures.









五、状语从句
状语从句 （Adverbial Clause） 状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。
时间状语从句
地点状语从句
原因状语从句
目的状语从句
结果状语从句
条件状语从句
让步状语从句
比较状语从句
方式状语从句
状语从句的简化
连词+形容词
连词+名词
连词+现在分词
连词+过去分词
连词+不定式
连词+介词短语
when在...的时候
while在...期间
as在...的同时；一边...一边..
after在...之后
before 在...之前
as soon as 一。。。就。。
since 自。。。以来 到现在
till /until直到。。
by the time 到。。。为止
注意事项
由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句
when, while和as的区别
as when while的辨析
由before和after引导的时间状语从句
由till或until引导的时间状语从句
由since引导的时间状语从句
由by the time引导的时间状语从句
种类
状语从句讲解和练习
时间状语从句
地点状语从句
原因状语从句
目的状语从句
结果状语从句
条件状语从句
让步状语从句
比较状语从句
方式状语从句
状语从句的简化
连词+形容词
连词+名词
连词+现在分词
连词+过去分词
连词+不定式
连词+介词短语
时间
概念
要点
when在...的时候
while在...期间
as在...的同时；一边...一边..
after在...之后
before 在...之前
as soon as 一。。。就。。
since 自。。。以来 到现在
till /until直到。。
by the time 到。。。为止
注意事项
由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句
when, while和as的区别
as when while的辨析
由before和after引导的时间状语从句
由till或until引导的时间状

语从句
由since引导的时间状语从句
by the time的用法
知识扩展
由by the time引导的时间状语从句
when和while的区别
一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。例如：
I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京就将给你打电话。（这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时，表示一般将来时，绝不可用will arrive）
As soon as I have finished this work, I will have gone home. 我一完成此工作，就回家。（从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished，表示将来完成时,绝不可用will have finished）
If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了，请通知我。（从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时，绝不可用will come back）
状语从句讲解和练习
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如：
1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call .(副词)
(当然，我们的祖父母乐于接到我们的电话)
2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语)
(我们工作得很努力，从日出到日落。)
3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式)
(为了帮助我残疾的阿姨，我每天花一小时在她的房子里。）
4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词)
（ 从远处看，农舍显得空荡荡。）
5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句）
（我知道如何光篝火，因为我曾经做过。）
状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。
状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下:
时间状语从句
常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard(果园), the moment they saw the guard.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
地点状语从句
常用引导