英语国家概况答案

英语作业答案

Unit 1

Ⅰ.Read the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False.

1. The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. (T)英伦三岛包括英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。

2.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country.

(F)British

3. Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language. (F)

4.In terms of population and area，Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom. (F)英格兰是面积最大，人口最多的

5. The longest river of Britain originates in Wales. (T)The River Severn:赛文河

6. Because of political troubles，Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom. (T)

Ⅱ. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements.

1. The two main islands of the British Isles are.

不列颠群岛是由两个大岛组成的：不列颠和爱尔兰

A.Great Britain and Ireland

B.Great Britain and Scotland

C.Great Britain and Wales

D.Great Britain and England

2. is the capital city of Scotland.

A. Belfast

B. Edinburgh

C. Aberdeen

D. Cardiff

3. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom，is the smallest.

A.England

B. Scotland

C.Wales

D. Northern Ireland

4. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element ofwords to English.

A. Danish and Finnish

B. Dutch and German

C. French and Italian

D. Latin and Greek

5. The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by theinfluence.

A. Norman

B. Dutch

C. German

D. Danish

6. Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of.

A. grammar

B. handwriting

C.spelling

D. pronunciation

7. At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in Engli sh.

A. half

B. aquarter

C. One third

D. one fifth

III. Give brief answers to the following questions·

1. What is the full name of the U.K.?

The full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?

They like to enjoy the beautifulScottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsman wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.

3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into

and what are they?

The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, MiddleEnglish and Modern English.

4. Why did English become more important after the Black Death(黑死病)?

The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.

Ⅳ. State your understanding of the following questions in about 100words.

1. who are British people?

The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lots of immigrants from many formerCommonwealth(共和国) countries from every part of the world, and the British people are also composed of people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds.

2. What is StandardEnglish?

Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of the southeastern England; it is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. Is has developed and has been promoted as a model for the correct BritishEnglish. It is also the norm(标准) carried overseas. Today, StandardEnglish is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.

Unit 2

I. Read the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False.

1. The British history before 55 BC is basically undocumented. (T)

2. The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC. (T)

3. The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe—the Britons. (T)

4. The Anglo—Saxons came to Britain in the mid-5th century. (T)(不考)

5. The chief or king of the Anglo-Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.(F)

6. The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)

7. Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France(T)

8. The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged classand the townspeople. (F)

9. The Hundred Years’ War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans for trade and territory. (F)

10. in an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions，Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(T)

Ⅱ. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements.

1．Theattack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410．

A．Norman B．Danish

C．Celtic D．Germanic

2．By the late 7th century，became the dominant religion in England．

A．Celtic Christianity B．Anglo-Saxon Christianity

C．Germanic Christianity D．Roman Christianity

3．Westminster Abbey(威斯敏斯特教堂) was built at the time of.

A．St．Augustine B．Edward the Confessor(忏悔者爱德华)

C．William the Conqueror D．Alfred the Great

4．Themarked the establishment of feudalism(封建制度) in England．

A．Viking invasion B．signing of the Magna Carta

C．Norman Conquest D．Adoption of common law

5．The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of.

A．the House of Valois B．the House of York

C．the House of Tudor(都铎楼)D．the House of Lancaster

出身于族徽为红玫瑰的兰开斯特家族的亨利·都铎结束了玫瑰战争，登上了英国王位，称亨利七世

6．The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’S effort to.

A．divorce his wife B．break with Rome

C．support the Protestants D．declare his supreme power over the church

7. The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between.

A．Protestants and Puritans B．Royalists and Parliamentarians

C．nobles and peasantsD．aristocrats and Christians

8．was passed after the Glorious Revolution(光荣革命)．

A．Bill of Rights B．Act of Supremacy

C．Provisions of Oxford D．Magna Carta

9.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of thecentury．

A．17th B．18th C．19th D．20th 10．Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of the century．

A．17th B．18th C．19th D．20th

III. Give brief answers to the following questions.

1. What are the two components of the British parliament?

2. What were some of Queen Victoria’s major achievements?

3. What were the two camps in Europe in World WarⅠ?

4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World WarⅡ? Answers:

1. They are the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

2. Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world’s landmass.

3. The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the

Russian Empire, the British Empire, Italy and the United States.

4. Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.

Ⅳ. State your understanding of the following questions.

1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?

2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?

Answers:

1. The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial productivity increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed. The conflict between the capitalists and the proletarians became the most important political issue.

2. Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, Britain had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of the 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world’s landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World WarⅠ, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. M ost of Britain’s colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall of the Empire.

Unit4 Politics and Government of UK

I．Read the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False．

1．Conventions(党代会) are regarded less important than common law in the working of the British government．F

2．The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history．F

3．In reality，the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers．F 4．British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations(英联邦国家)．F

5．Lords Spiritual(上议院神职议员) and Lords Temporal(上议院世俗议员) are all members in the British Upper House(上议院).T

6．The members in the House of Commons(下议院) are appointed rather than elected．F 上议院是指派的，下议院是选举的。

7．The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament．T 8．Cabinet members(内阁阁员) are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament．F

Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from members of the winning political parties in Parliament

9．British law consists of two parts, the civil law and the criminal law．T

10．The legal systems in England，Wales，Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar

in terms of law, organization and practice．F

II．Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements．

1．The British government is characterized by a division of powers between threeof the following branches with the exception of the.

A．judiciary司法B．Legislature立法C．monarchy D．executive行政

2．The importance of the British monarchy(君主政体)can be seen in its effect on.

A．passing the bills B．advising the government

C．political parties D．public attitude

3．As a revising chamber(审裁室)，the House of Lords is expected to the House of Commons．

A．rival B．complement C．criticize D. inspect检查

4．British Cabinet works on the principle of.

A．collective responsibility(集体责任)B．individual responsibility

C．defending the collectivism D．defending the individuals

5．The main duty of the British Privy Council(枢密院) is to.

A．make decisions B．give advice

C．pass bills D．supervise the Cabinet

6．In Britain，the parliamentary general election is held everyyears.

A．three B．four C．five D. six

7．has a distinct legal system based on Roman law．

A．Wales B．England

C．Scotland D．Northern Ireland

8．Generally speaking，the British Parliament operates on a system.

A．single-party B．two-party

C．three-party D．multi-party

9．The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism实用主义and.

A．government intervention B．nationalization of enterprises

C．social reform D．a belief in individualism

10．The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it.

A．set up the National Health Service B．improved public transportation C．abolished the old tax system D．enhanced the economic development

Ⅲ．Give brief answers to the following questions．

1．What are the three functions of the House of Commons?

There are three main functions of the House of Commons. The first is to debate and vote upon legislation and the second is to give the chance for the opposition to question what the government is doing with legislation, the way it conducts itself, etc. The third function is private member's business where MP's may get up and make a speech in the House about an issue or event that he/she would like to draw attention to.

2．What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats(自由民主党) have in Britain? 张老师的答案：Liberal Democrats was founded in March, 1988. In public’s eyes, Liberal Democrats adopts more progress policy on the issue of public services, social equity and

environmental protection etc. It continues to maintain the cooperation with Labor Party, and it is third party in UK with 100,000 party members.

The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a social liberal political party in the United Kingdom. The party was formed in 1988 by a merger of the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party. The two parties had formed the electoral SDP–Liberal Alliance for seven years before then. The current leader of the party is Nick Clegg. At the 2010 general election, 57 Lib Dem MPs were elected, making them the third-largest party in the House of Commons, behind the Conservative Party with 307 and the Labour Party with 258. The Liberal Democrats formed a coalition government with the Conservative Party, with Nick Clegg as Deputy Prime Minister and other Liberal Democrats in the cabinet.

Promoting social liberalism, the Liberal Democrats voice strong support for constitutional and electoral reform, and civil liberties. The party president's book of office is John Stuart Mill's 1859 On Liberty, which defended individual rights while attacking the tyranny of the majority and the despotism of custom. The party objects to state limitations on individual rights and favours a welfare state that provides for the necessities and amenities of life.[12][13] They support multilateral foreign policy, opposing British participation in the War in Iraq and supporting the withdrawal of troops from the country.[14] The Liberal Democrats are the most pro-European Union of the three main parties in the UK. The party has strong environmentalist values—favouring renewable energy and commitments to deeper cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Since their foundation, Lib Dems have advocated electoral reform to use proportional representation in electing the House of Commons, also hoping to replace the House of Lords with an elected chamber.

Unit 1 Geography and People

I．Read the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False．

1．The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians(阿巴拉契亚山脉) hold one third of the country’s continental territory．F 1/3-1/6

2．The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate，with some mild subtropical(亚热带的) and tropical(热带的) zones．T

3．New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States，and it is composed of five boroughs including Manhattan，Brooklyn，the Bronx，Staten Island and Queens．T

4．San Francisco(旧金山) is the second largest city after New York and the world famousHollywood and Disneyland are located here．F洛杉矶是第二大城市

6．Half of the U．S．population lives in the western metropolitan centers．F东部7．The Blacks brought from Africa to America usually worked on plantations or farms in the North．F在美国南部

8．During the 1830s and 1840s，many northern Europeans and Irish immigrants came to America．T

10．Basic American cultural values are freedom，equality and desire to work hard for a

higher standard of living．T

II．Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements.

1．The United States has________states on the continent．

A．50 B．49 C．48 D．35

2．The state of_________ is the largest in area of all the states．

A．Alaska B．Hawaii C．Texas D．Florida

3．The U．S．lies in_______North America，with Canada to the north，Mexico to the south，the Atlantic大西洋to its________ and the Pacific太平洋to its________．

A．northern，east，west B．central，east，west

C．southern，west，east D．western，east，west

4．The largest river in the U．S．is_________.

A．the Missouri River B．the Mississippi River

C．the Ohio River D．the Colorado River

5．Some of the world famous universities like Harvard，Yale and MIT are located A．in the South B．along the Pacific Coast

C．in New England新英格兰D．in the Midwest

6．_________is located on the U．S.-Canadian border between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario．

A．Yellowstone National Park B．The Grand Canyon

C．Niagara Falls 尼亚加拉大瀑布D．The Great Salt Lake

7．The native Alaskan population includes the following except the_________ A．Indians B．Eskimos C．Aleuts D．Blacks

8．The largest minority in the United States is the ___________.

A．Pacific Islanders B．Blacks

C．Native Americans D．Asians

III．Give brief answers to the following questions．

1．How is the life of the Native Americans today?

About 2.5 million Native Americans live in the USA today. The biggest tribes are the Cherokee, Chippewa, Navajo and Sioux. About a third of the Indians in the US live on reservations. The rest live in cities or towns.

Indian culture is still preserved on reservations. Here, Indians practice old traditions. However, they are worried that their traditions will disappear because more and more Indians are being integrated into society.

Today, Native Americans are better off than they were at the beginning of the 20th century. They get better education; many go to high school and some to college. Many Native Americans work as lawyers, doctors or have other important jobs, like working for government companies.

Some tribes get money from tourism or selling handicrafts. In 1988 the government allowed casinos and other gambling operations on reservations. Other tribes earn money from taxes on oil or gas that is produced on their land.

Even though life has improved, Native Americans still face many problems in tod ay’s America. Unemployment on reservations is about 50%. The income of an Indian family is

much lower than that of a white family. Most Indians are badly paid and are unskilled workers. Suicide rates are also higher than in other places. Some Indians try to reduce their problems by drinking alcohol and taking drugs.

Chapter 6 Literature

I．Read the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False．

1．The Canterbury Tales（坎特伯雷故事集）is a representative work of the Old English Period．F中古英语的代表作

2．Renaissance（文艺复兴）is characterized by admiration of the Greek and Latin classics．T

3．Hamlet depicts the hero’s struggle with two opposing forces：moral integrity and the need to avenge his father’s murder．T

4．Alexander Pope was a great English poet who also translated Homer’s Iliad（伊利亚特）．T

5．Jonathan Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language，and RobinsonCrusoe is his masterpiece．F by Daniel Defoe

6．William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge brought the RomanticMovement to its height．F they are Keats, Byron, Shelley.

7．Lord Byron distinguished himself by the musical quality of his short poems，such as ―Ode to the West Wind"．F by Shelley

8．Jane Austen was a well-known novelist of the stream of consciousness school．F 9．Joseph Conrad(康纳德) is classified as a forerunner(先驱) of Modernism，which prevailed before World War II．T

10．V.S．Naipaul（奈保尔）detailed in his works the dual（两部分的）problems of the Third World：the oppression of colonialism and the chaos of postcolonialism（后殖民主义）．T

II．Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements．

1．The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is.

A．poetry B．drama C．novel D．pamphlet

2．is viewed as Romantic poetry’s ―Declaration of independence‖．

A．―I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud‖ B．Don Juan

C．“Preface to Lyrical Ballads” D．Prometheus Unbound

3．Of Dickens’ novels，is considered autobiographical（自传的）．

A．A Tale of Two Cities B．David Copperfield

C．Oliver Twist D．Great Expectations

4．is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19th century．A．Robert Louis Stevenson B．John Milton

C．Joseph Conrad D．Thomas Hard（托马斯.哈代）

5．Of the following statements，is NOT correct in terms of Neo- Romanticism（新浪漫主义）．

A．It prevailed at the end of the 19th century．

B．The writers were dissatisfied with the social reality．

C．The writers believed in “Art for Art’s Sake”（艺术至上主义）．

D．Treasure Island was a representative work．

6．is NOT included in the modernist group．

A．Oscar Wild（奥斯卡·王尔德）B．Virginia Woolf

C．William Butler Yeats D．T．S．Eliot

他是为艺术而艺术”的倡导者。

7．Of the following books，was NOT written by Thomas Hardy．

A．Jude the Obscure B．Tess of the D’Urbervilles

C．Adam Bede（BY George Eliot）D．The Return of the Native

8．Of the following statements，＿＿＿＿is NOT correct about Virginia Woolf(弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫).

A．She was a central figure of the’ Bloomsbury Group‖．

B．She experimented with stream of consciousness．

C．She was an influential feminist．

D．Her masterpiece was The Rainbow．（rainbow is by D. H. Lawrence）9．Of the following writers，________ is NOT a Nobel Prize winner．(不考) A．Samuel Beckett B．James Joyce(詹姆斯乔伊斯)

C．William Golding D．V S．Naipaul

10．Waitingfor Godot is written by（不考）

A．Samuel Beckett B．George Orwell

C．William Golding D．D．H．Lawrence

III．Give brief answers to the following questions．

1．What are the three categories of Shakespeare’s plays and their representatives? Three categories, namely, tragedies, comedies, and chronicles

Comedies: as you like it, the twelfth night, a midsummer night’s dream

Tragedies: Romeo and Juliet, hamlet, king lear(李尔王)

Chronicles: henry V, Richard III, JuliusCaesar(凯撒大帝)

2．Ⅵmat is Critical Realism?

Critical realism is a trend, or method, in realistic literature and art in the 19th and 20th centuries. The concept of critical realism was adopted by Soviet literary and art criticism from M. Gorky, who used the expression ―critical realism‖ in 1934 to describe the stress on expose in realistic literature of the 19th century. However, the revelatory themes by no means exclude an element of reaffirmation in the realistic art of the 19th and 20th centuries.

3．What are the two new literary trends prevailing at the end of the 19th century? Naturalism 自然主义

New-romanticism新浪漫主义

4．What is stream of consciousness?

Stream of Consciousness is a literary technique which was pioneered by Dorthy Richardson, Virginia Woolf, and James Joyce. Stream of consciousness is characterized

by a flow of thoughts and images, which may not always appear to have a coherent structure or cohesion. The plot line may weave in and out of time and place, carrying the reader through the life span of a character or further along a timeline to incorporate the lives (and thoughts) of characters from other time periods.

英语国家概况_习题集(含答案)

《英语国家概况》课程习题集西南科技大学成人、网络教育学院版权所有 习题 【说明】：本课程《英语国家概况》（编号为12010）共有单选题,名词解释题,简答题,填空题2等多种试题类型，其中，本习题集中有[简答题]等试题类型未进入。 一、单选题 1. Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from________ A. France B. Denmark C. Ireland D. Germany 2. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC? A. Emperor Claudius B. Julius Caesar C. King Alfred D. King Ethelred 3. Who is the author of Murder in the Cathedral? A. Christopher Marlowe B. T. S. Eliot C. Ben Johnson D. Thomas Becket 4.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son, ______, the regime began immediately to collapse. A. Henry B. Hamilton C. Richard D. Charles 5. The 18th century saw selective breeding of cattle, sheep and houses by _________. A. Jethro Tull B. Thomas Coke C. George III D. Robert Bakewell 6. Which of the following is not one of the members of the Lords Temporal? A. all hereditary peers and peeresses of the England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom (but not peers of Ireland) B. lire peers created to assist the House in its judicial duties C. senior bishops of the Church of England D. all other life peers 7. Two years after the ending of the Hundred Years’ War with France, England was thrown into another series of civil wars, ________. A. the War of the Celts

英语国家概况

英语国家概况-Land and people I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones. 不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。 4.Three political divisions on the island：England, Scotland and Wales. 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。 (1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section. 英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. 北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。 5.The Commonwealth (of nations)is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是独立的前英国殖民地组成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年，至1990年止已有50个成员国。 II. Geographical Features 英国的地理特征 1.Geographical position of Britain: 英国的地理位置： Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部，与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它部分隔开。 2.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands. 英国的西部和北部主要是高地，东部和东南部主要是低地。 III. Rivers and Lakes 河流与湖泊 Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m).

英语国家概况课后题总结和答案

Chapter 1 land and people are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain,England,the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth The British Isles,Greant Britina and England are geographical names, no the official names of the country,while the official name is the United Kingdom,but the full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern British Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britian. the geographical position of Britian Britain is an island country. It lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of is separated from the rest of Europe by the English channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland The north and west of Britain are mainly highland, while the south and south-east are mostly lowlands. Britain have a favourable climate why Yes,it has a favourable climate, because it has a maritime type of climate---winters are mild,not too cold and summers are cool, not too has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole has a small range of temperature,too. are the factors which influence the climate in Britain Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest

英语国家概况课程标准

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