高二英语必修五第一单元知识点讲解(重要)

必修5 Unit1 Great scientists

Part 1. Warming up

1.explain

及物动词（vt.）

解释;说明;阐明[(+to)][+wh-][+(that)]

He explained that he had been cheated. 他解释说他是上当受骗了。

Can you explain how the machine operates?你能解释一下这机器是如何运转的吗?

Please explain this rule to me.请给我讲解一下这条规则。

不及物动词（vi.）解释;说明;辩解

I've got to explain about it. 我得解释一下此事。

2.characteristic

n. 特征；特性Kindness is one of his characteristics.

adj. 独特的I heard my friend’s characteristic laugh.

be characteristic of sb./sth. 是.....的特性

Such bluntness is characteristic of him. 如此迟钝是他的特性。

3. Who put forward a theory about black holes?

put forward 提出（建议等）；提名;提前，把时钟往前拨

He put forward a new plan. 他提出一个新计划。

May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee?我能否提名你当委员会主席？[归纳拓展]

put down 记下；镇压put out 关掉；熄灭

put aside 放在一边；储存；保留put off 推迟；延期

put up 建造；举起；张贴put on 穿上

put away 收好

选词填空

（put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out）

①The plan that you _____ at the meeting is wonderful.

②Many tall buildings were _____ along the road.

③Firefighters have been called to _____ the fire in the city center.

④He has a little money to _____ for a rainy day.

⑤Don’t _____ until tomorrow what can be done today.

Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending

1. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research

how to prove a new idea 为“疑问词+不定式”结构，该结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。We haven’t decided where to go. 我们还没有决定去哪里。

The question is when to leave. 问题是什么时候动身。

2.draw a conclusion 得出结论

1）conclusion作名词，意为―结束，结论‖

come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论

in conclusion 最后

I will in conclusion say a few words about my visit to Tokyo.最后，我对我的东京之行说几句。

2）conclude作动词，―结束；断定；决定‖。

to conclude（作插入语）最后,作为总结(= to sum up)

To conclude, I think smoking does more harm than good to us.

3）John Snow was a famous doctor in London — so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. 约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，以至于成了照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。

3.expert

①n. 专家，能手an expert in psychology（心理学）an agricultural expert

② adj. 熟练的，有专门技术的

an expert job需专门知识的工作

He is expert in / at cooking.

attend vt. &vi 参加，注意，照料

① be present at参加attend a ceremony / lecture / a meeting

② attend to (on): to look after, care for, serve伺候, 照顾，看护

The queen had a good doctor attending （on ）her.

Dr Smith attended her in hospital.

Mother had to attend to her sick son.

③ attend to处理，注意倾听

Can you attend to the matter immediately?

I may be late – I have got one or two things to attend to.

4. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通人时，他就感到很振奋。

(1) exposed to cholera 在句中是过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。意为―患霍乱的‖。如：

The book written by Luxun is very popular. 鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的。

The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith. 昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯教授。

(2) expose

①暴露expose sb/sth to sth He exposes his skin to the sun. 他把皮肤暴露在阳光下。

②揭露He exposed their plot. 他揭穿了他们的阴谋。

The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve. 对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。

exposed adj. 暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的exposedness n. 暴露，显露

expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下

expose a fraud 揭穿骗局

练习：The disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.

A. recorded

B. recording

C. to be recorded

D. having recorded

5. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 对于它的起因和治疗方法人们都不清楚。neither...nor...既不……也不，连接句中两个相同成分。

①I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.我既不知道也不关心他出了什么事。

②Neither France nor Britain will attend the meeting next week.法国和英国都将不会参加下星期的会

议。

③Neither Jim nor his parents have seen the film.

＝Neither his parents nor Jim has seen the film.吉姆和她的父母都没有看过这部电影。

cure vt. 治疗,治愈,改正n. 治疗,治愈,治疗法

①cure sb（of sth）治好了某人（的...,...)

The only way to cure backache is to rest. 治疗背痛的唯一办法是休息。

When I left the hospital I was completely cured.

That nasty shock cured him of his inquisitiveness forever. 那一沉重教训根除了他凡事爱打听的毛病。

This illness cannot be cured easily. 这种病不好治.

②a cure for sth.治疗…的方法;解决问题，改善困境

Is there a certain cure for cancer yet? 癌症迄今有无有效的治疗方法?

The prices are going up every day, but there is no cure for rising prices.

6.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.人们既不知道它的病因，也不懂如何治疗。每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。

(1)本句为复合句，―So many thousands of terrified people died‖ 为主句，every time引导时间状语从句，

意思是―每当……‖。

(2)有些名词短语或副词可以起连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。例如：every time，each time，the last

time，next time，the moment，the minute，immediately，instantly等。

①Every time/Each time I express an opinion，she argues back.每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。

②I found myself in an entirely new world the moment/the minute/immediately I arrived here.我一到这里

就感到耳目一新。

③The last time I saw him，he was quite well.我最后一次看到他时，他还相当健康。

④Give your father my best regards next time you see him.下次你见到你父亲时，请代我向他致以最好

的问候。

[拓展延伸]

(1)for the first time是介词短语，常用作时间状语，而the first time是连词，引导时间状语从句。

(2)It is the first time that...如果前面用is，从句动词用现在完成时；如果前面用was，则从句动词用过

去完成时.

(3)It’s (high) time that...从句动词用过去时或should＋动词原形。

It’s high time we took immediate action to prevent pollution.该到我们立即采取措施阻止污染的时候了。

7.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air, a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖，像一股危险气体在空中到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害人。

suggest v. 建议；暗示；表明suggest+doing / sth. / that sb. (should) do sth.

May suggested a picnic at the weekend.

He suggested to us a visit to the Great Wall.

He suggested us visiting the Great Wall.

I suggested leaving early for the airport.

He suggested that we (should) visit the Great Wall.

She suggested that her father (should) give up smoking.

*suggest (暗示，表明)+从句不用虚拟语气。

The smile on her face suggested that she agreed with me.

The look on his face suggested that he was happy.

8..The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。

absorb vt.(1)专注，聚精会神

be absorbed in＝put one’s heart into集中精力做某事

I was absorbed in a book and didn’t hear your call. 我正专心看书，没听到你的电话。

Absorbed in his work，Tom simply forgot food and sleep.汤姆专心工作，几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。

（2）吸收，把……吸收入（absorb...into...）

Black cloth absorbs light.黑布吸收光线。

The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.这家大公司逐渐将这些小公司吞并了。

The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him.那个聪明的男孩把他老师所能教他的所有知识都理解了。

9.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.约翰·斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的，但需要有证据。

suspect vt. 认为，怀疑

常用短语：suspect sth to be; suspect sb of doing sth.

They suspect him to be the murderer.(他们怀疑他是凶手)

She suspected him of taking her money.

n. 嫌疑犯;可疑分子[C]

10 .....,the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.

severe adj. 严厉地；苛刻的；严格的

be severe with/on 对....严格/严厉You are too severe on the boy.

剧痛的；剧烈的；严重的a severe attack of toothache 牙痛的剧烈发作

adv. severely

11.Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. 接下来，约翰·斯诺调查了这两条街上的水源。

Look into调查，了解，研究；朝……里面看

与one’s face/eyes等连用，表示“注视”

He looks into her face with great interest. 他饶有兴趣地注视着她的脸。

和look组成的其他短语

look around/about环顾四周look after照顾；照料

look back回头看look back on 回顾；回想

look down upon 轻视，瞧不起look for 寻求；寻找

look forward to (doing) 盼望look on旁观

look on/upon...as把……看作look out往外看；注意；当心

look through浏览look up抬头看；查看

look up to sb. 尊敬/仰慕某人

12. It seemed that the water was to blame.看来要归罪于饮用水了。

blame v. 责备；谴责；把……归咎于n. 过失；责备;(过失、过错等)责任

①blame sb. for sth. / doing sth.为某事责备某人/ 责备某人做了某事

They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan.

②blame sth. on sb. / sth. 把某事归咎于某人;因某事而指责某人

The police blamed the traffic accident on jack’s careless driving.

③be to blame for(doing)sth．因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责；注意:be to blame应受责备（主动表被

动）；应负责任

The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.

④accept / bear / take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任

He is ready to take the blame for what had happened.

⑤put / lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人

13.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.在伦敦的另一地区，他从另外两例与布洛德街疾病爆发有关的死亡病例中得到了有力的证据。

link vt. 连接；联系n. 环；连接；联系；纽带

14.A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.一个妇女，从布洛德街搬走了，但她非常喜欢水泵的水，她让人每天从水泵给她家送水。

15. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.利用这个额外证据，约翰·斯诺就可以很有把握地宣布污染水携带病菌。

announce vt.

(1)宣布，宣告(决定、计划等)

announce sth.(to sb.)(向某人)宣布、通告某事

announce that...宣布……；通知……It is announced that...据宣布…

Please announce to your class that there will be no school tomorrow.请通知你们班明天不上学。

It has been officially announced that he will pay a second visit to China soon.据官方消息称，他不久将再次来中国访问。

(2)(事情)显示……；预告

The bright flowers announced that spring was here.鲜艳的花朵显示春天已经来到。

[拓展延伸]announcement n．宣布；口头通知announcer n.播音员

make an announcement下通知

16.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. 为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议，所有水源都要经过检测。

prevent/stop...(from) doing sth. 或keep...from doing sth.意为―阻止……做某事‖

①What can we do to prevent the disease spreading.我们能做什么来防止这种疾病蔓延呢？②We

should take measures to prevent the river from being polluted further.我们应该采取措施阻止这条河受到进一步的污染。

examine v. 检查；细查；诊察; 审问；盘问

The doctor examined the boy and found there was nothing the matter with him.

The lawyer examined the witness.

examination n. 考试；检查；细查

take an examination 参加考试medical examination 体检

under examination 在检查中；在审查中

17. Finally “King Cholera”was defeated.“霍乱王”终于被击败了。

[辨析]win, beat与defeat

win ―赢得‖赛事、战事、某物；beat ―战胜‖―击败‖比赛中的对手，可与defeat互换

We beat / defeated their team by 10 scores.

They won the battle but lost many men.

The local ball team won the state championship by beating / defeating all the other teams.

Part 3. Learning about Language

1.take in 收留；包括

take相关短语：

take after 相似

take apart把(小型机器、钟表等)拆开;拆散

take away 拿走

take back承认说错了(话),收回(诺言,话语)；使回忆起；送回,还回去;退(货)

take off 脱下,脱去(尤指衣服); 解(拿)掉 --put on (反义词)；(飞机等)升空,起飞

take on雇用；开始具有/ 呈现(某种品质、面貌等); 露出；接受(工作等);承担(责任等)

take out带(某人)去(某处参加社交活动等)；正式取得,领得,获得；洗去(污迹),使褪色

take over 接手,接任;接管

take up开始花时间从事(某项活动);对……产生兴趣; 开始学习(某课程),选修；(事物或事件)占用了(时间或空间)；接受……的建议；继续

take …for granted 想当然认为(会是某种情况),认为……是理所当然的;认为没有问题

take …for instance / example 以……为例

take …into account / consideration 考虑到,把……考虑进去

take pride in / be proud of 为……感到自豪/ 骄傲

take revenge on 向….报复

take one's place 代替某人

take the opportunity 利用这个机会

take turns 轮流(做某事)

2. construction n.建设；建筑业；建造

He works in construction industry. 他在建筑行业工作。

There are two new hotels under construction. 有两家新饭店正在兴建。

词组扩展：construction workers 建筑工人

under construction 正在建设中

3.apart from有两种含义：

1）相当于besides.意为“除……以外（还包括）”

Apart from my mother tongue, I speak several foreign languages as well.

除了母语外，我还会讲好几种外语。

2）相当于except.意为“除……以外（不包括）”

I like all the subjects apart from English.除了英语外，我喜欢所有学科。

高二英语知识点总结归纳精选5篇

高二英语知识点总结归纳精选5篇 学任何一门功课，都不能只有三分钟热度，而要一鼓作气，天天坚持，久而久之，不论是状元还是伊人，都会向你招手。下面就是给大家带来的高二英语知识点，希望能帮助到大家！ 高二英语知识点1 【重点词汇、短语】 1. take place 发生 2. religious 宗教的 3. in memory of 纪念 4. belief 信任，信心，信仰 5. dress up 盛装，打扮 6. trick 诡计，窍门 7. play a trick on 搞恶作剧，诈骗 8. gain 获得 9. gather 搜集，集合

10. award 奖品，授予 11. admire 赞美，钦佩 12. look forward to 期望，盼望 13. day and night 日夜 14. as though 好像 15. have fun with 玩的开心 16. permission 许可，允许 17. turn up 出现，到场 18. keep ones word 守信用 19. hold ones breath 屏息 20. apologize 道歉 21. obvious 显然的 22. set off 出发，动身，使爆炸 【重点句型】 1. Please make sure when and where the accident took place. 请查清楚事故是何时何地发生的。

2. Some festival are held to honour the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm. 还有一些节日，是为了纪念死者、满足或取悦祖先，因为(祖先们)有可能回到世上帮助他们，也有可能带来危害。 3. In Japan the festival is called Obon，when people should go to clean the graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.(非限制性定语从句) 在日本，这个节叫孟兰盆节，在这个节日里，人们要上坟、扫墓、烧香，以缅怀祖先。 4. They dress up and try to frighten people. 他们乔装打扮去吓唬别人。 5. If they are not given anything, the children might play a trick. 如果你什么也不打发给孩子，他们可能会捉弄别人。

2019人教版高中英语必修3电子课本 word版

普通高中课程标准实验教科书《英语》电子课本 Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world B3U1P1-3 FESTIV ALS AND CELEBRATIONS Ancient Festivals Festivals and celebrations of all kinds are held everywhere. The most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of the cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Other celebrations were held when hunters could catch animals. They would starve if food was difficult to find, so they celebrated when they had food. They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty. Festivals of the Dead Some festivals are held to honour the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm. In Japan the festival is called Obon, when people should go to clean the graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico they have the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people might eat food in shape of skulls, and cakes with “bones” on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in memory of the dead. It is now a children’s festival, when they can go to their neighbours’ homes and ask for sweets. They dress up and try to frighten people. If they are not given anything, the children might play a trick. Festivals to Honour People Festivals can be held as an honour to famous people or to the gods. One of these is the Dragon Boat Festival in China, which honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. Another is Columbus Day in the USA, in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in America. In India there is a national festival on October 2 to honour Mahatma Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain. Harvest Festivals Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter ,and because a season of agricultural work is over. In European countries it is the custom to decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and people get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their animals, flowers, fruits and vegetables, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. In China and Japan there are mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and give gift of mooncakes. Spring Festivals The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat, and may give children lucky money in the red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the lunar New Year together. In some Western countries there are very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. They might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival in Christian countries. It celebrates the return of Jesus for Christians and it also celebrates the coming of spring. In Japan, the Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow. People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each others. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our daily life for a little while.

人教版高中英语必修五知识点详解

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高中英语_必修5_unit_2知识点总结

必修五Unit 2 The United Kingdom 重点词组： 1.keep your eyes open 睁大你的眼睛 2. consist of由…组成 3. leave out省去不考虑遗漏 4.divide into 分成 5. prepare to 准备 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2b13421688.html,pare A with B 与…比compare A to B 把A比作B 7.work out 做出解决设计出计算出锻炼开采完发展进行 work on对..起作用；企图影响或说服，忙于work in 在…工作 work off 渐渐消除处理排除卖掉发泄 8.asked the boss on the phone 通过电话 9. a furnished house with all modern conveniences 一个带家具的房子有所有的现代方便的设施 10.familiar with熟悉11. worried about the time available担心时间不够 12.make a list of 列出关于…的清单13. on special occasions 在特殊的场合 14.the four-hundred-year-old uniform 有四百年历史的制服定语不加“s” 15.set the world time设置世界时间16. on either side of the line 在线的两端17. fall asleep入睡 18.with delight 十分喜悦的 一、句型集锦 1. Why are you unwilling to accept this wonderful opportunity? Opportunity时机，机会 搭配：Opportunity for/of…..的时机Opportunity to do…..做…的时机 Catch/seize/take an opportunity抓住机会Give/offer an opportunity提供机会 Lose/miss an opportunity错失机会Give up an opportunity放弃机会 Eg. You’ll have the opportunity to ask any questions at the end. There was no opportunity for further discussion. Chance与opportunity辨析 Chance（机会）强调其偶然性，含有侥幸的意味。 Opportunity带有恰逢其时，正好便利行事的意味，有期待的含义。 Eg. It would be foolish to let such an opportunity slip; it is the chance of a lifetime. 2.You will live in a town close to the countryside in England in a furnished house with all modern conveniences. Furnished配备好装备的，带家具的 Furnish 1)(在房屋等内)布置家具Eg. The house was simply furnished. 2)向（某人/某事物）供应，提供furnish A with B 将B提供给A/用B装备A Eg. She furnished him with the facts surrounding the case. 辨析furnish, equip与supply Furnish furnish A with B 与be furnished with 指供给生活所必备的或为生活舒适所需的家具Eg. I’ll furnish my house with furniture.我要为我的房子置办家具。 equip equip A with B 常表示“装备”工作所需要的东西 eg. The room is equipped with the air conditioning. Supply supply sb. with sth=supply sth to sb. 可用于指在任何环境下“供给”任何东西 Eg. The merchant supplies goods to them. 单词积累 Furniture 家具furnishings家具，室内陈设