2019届高考英语一轮复习【科技与社会类阅读理解题】专项精练卷及解析

【科技与社会类阅读理解题】专项精练卷

一、阅读理解

1Petrol and diesel cars may still dominate our roads,but their days are numbered.A recent university study found that current electric cars could be used for87per cent of daily car journeys in the US.That figure could rise to98per cent by2020.

One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been‘range anxiety’—drivers’concerns about running out of juice on a journey.While petrol stations are conveniently located across national road systems,the necessary network of electric charging stations is still being developed.That said,charging points are becoming increasingly common throughout the USA.

Attitudes towards electric vehicles have changed quite considerably over the last few years.Not that long ago, electric cars were met with distrust,and their large price tags drove customers away.Thanks to improvements in battery capacity,recharging times,performance and price,the current generation of electric cars are starting to persuade critics.Plug-in cars will soon give internal combustion engine models a run for their money.

As well as advancements on the road,electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies.Electric boats are among the oldest methods of electric travel,having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late19th to the early 20th century before petrol-powered outboard motors took over.Now,the global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back.Steps towards electric air travel are also being made,with Airbus and NASA among the organisations developing and testing battery powered planes.The experiments could soon make commercial electric flight a reality.

Electric vehicles do not produce any emissions.Were the US to act on the study’s findings and replace87per cent of its cars with electric vehicles,it would reduce the national demand for petrol by61per cent.However, because of the production processes and the generation of electricity required to charge these vehicles,they cannot claim to be completely emission-free.That said,as many countries continue to increase their use of renewable energy sources,electric vehicles will become even cleaner.

1.Which is the best title for this passage?

A.My Dream Car

B.History of Electric Cars

C.Problems with Petrol Cars

D.Driving into the Future

2.As used in Paragraph2,the underlined word“hurdle”means_______.

A.aim

B.barrier

C.consequence

D.step

3.In the past,why did many people refuse to buy the electric cars?

A.They were not good value.

B.They were very poorly made.

C.They were not widely promoted.

D.They couldn’t travel at a high speed.

4.What is the function of Paragraph4?

A.To introduce the history of electric travel.

B.To explain why the world needs more electric cars.

C.To show why more people have interest in electric cars.

D.To describe different ways electric vehicles can be used.

2.Feeding knowledge directly into your brain,just like in sci-fi classic The Matrix,could soon take as much effort as falling asleep,scientists believe.Researchers claim to have developed a simulator(模拟装置)which can feed information directly into a person’s brain and teach them new skills in a shorter amount of time,comparing it to“life imitating art”.

Researchers from HRL Laboratories,based in California,say they have found a way to improve learning,only on a much smaller scale than seen in the Hollywood film.They studied the electric signals in the brain of a trained pilot and then fed the data into novice subjects as they learned to pilot an aeroplane in a realistic flight simulator. The study,published in the journal Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,found that subjects who received brain stimulation via electrode-embedded head caps improved their piloting abilities and learnt the task33percent better than a placebo group(对照组).

“Our system is one of the first of its kind.It’s a brain stimulation system,”explained Dr.Matthew Phillips.“It sounds kind of sci-fi,but there’s large scientific basis for the development of our system.The specific task we were looking at was piloting an aircraft,which requires a synergy(协同作用)of both cognitive and motor performance.When you learn something,your brain physically changes.Connections are made and strengthened in a process called neuro-plasticity.It turns out that certain functions of the brain,like speech and memory,are located in very specific regions of the brain,about the size of your finger.”

Dr.Matthew believes that brain stimulation could eventually be used for tasks like learning to drive,exam preparation and language learning.“What our system does is that it actually targets those changes to specific regions of the brain as you learn,”he added.“The method itself is actually quite old.In fact,the ancient Egyptians 4,000years ago used electric fish to stimulate and reduce pain.Even Ben Franklin applied currents to his head,but the rigorous,scientific investigation of these methods started in the early2,000s and we’re building on that research to target and personalize a stimulation in the most effective way possible.What we found is that brain stimulation seems to be particularly effective at actually improving learning.”

1.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?

A.Brain-stimulation for better learning

B.The best way to become a good pilot

C.The sci-fi classic The Matrix’s great influence

D.Different regions of the human brain

2.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A.The stimulation system is based on scientific experiments and analysis.

B.The idea of the stimulation system comes from The Matrix.

C.It’s impossible to figure out the specific region for speech and memory.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2213577806.html,pared with ordinary people,pilots learn all tasks better.

3.Dr.Matthew probably agrees with the point that________.

A.the research method itself is very new

B.brain stimulation seems to be particularly effective at creation

C.the method in the research is not original

D.the method in the research can date back to2,000years ago

4.In which column are you likely to read the passage in the newspaper?

A.Life.

B.Science.

C.Medicine..Entertainment.

3.Finally,the long-awaited flying car is almost here.

AeroMobil,a Slovakian company,plans to start selling its creation,the AeroMobil3.0,in2018.

The company claims on its site that the vehicle“transforms in seconds from an automobile to an airplane”by using“existing infrastructure created for automobiles and planes.”The vehicle is gas-powered and has wings that fold,which allows it to be parked like a car,though it is nearly20feet long.

The company’s web site features a video where the AeroMobil3.0drives out of a hangar(飞机库)and goes down a highway,sharing the road with regular cars until it arrives at an airstrip.The car then unfolds its wings and takes off from a stretch of grass,rather than a paved tarmac(停机坪),and flies through the air like any other small airplane.

AeroMobil spokesman Stefan Vadocz said his company hasn’t nailed down an exact price because it’s not ready yet.

“The prototype is a work in progress,”he said in an email.But he said to expect the price to be several hundreds of thousands of euros,somewhere in between a sports car and a light sports aircraft.The vehicle seats two people—the pilot and a passenger—and its single propeller(螺旋桨)is located to the rear of the plane.The company said the car’s top speed on the road is at least99mph and while flying is at least124mph.It can fly for435miles before running out of gas.It has a steel framework and carbon coating and is powered by a Rotax912,a

four-cylinder aircraft engine from BRP of Austria.

Flying cars aren’t exactly new.The concept has been around since long before“The Jetsons”popularized the idea in the1960s.It’s been a regular topic in Popular Science ever since the famous pilot Eddie Rickenbacker in World War I wrote about it in1924.But getting a practical,reliable flying car off the ground has been a serious challenge.Glenn Curtiss,a strong competitor of the Wright Brothers,discovered this in1918when he developed the Curtiss Autoplane.It turned out to be more of a hopper than a flyer,so it failed to take off with the public.

The AeroMobil3.0has at least one competitor,the Terrafugia Transition,which also runs on gas and has folding wings.Terrafugia has said in the past that it plans to release the Transition into the market this year.

1.The AeroMobil3.0has the following features EXCEPT that_________.

A.it has to be powered by special fuel

B.it is as convenient to park as a regular car

C.it can share the same road with regular cars

D.it can transform between a car and an airplane quickly

2.The underlined word“prototype”in Paragraph6is closest in meaning to_________.

A.perfect version

B.fashionable design

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2213577806.html,mitted engineer

D.original model

3.We can learn from the passage that__________.

A.Glenn Curtiss was a pioneer in making a flying car

B.since1924the flying car has become the most popular topic worldwide

C.the Transition will definitely defeat the AeroMobil3.0on the market

D.the AeroMobil3.0is expected to be as cheap as a regular car

4.The passage is mainly about_________.

A.the working principles of a flying car

B.the introduction to a new invention

C.the comparison between different products

D.the advantages of the AeroMobil3.0over regular cars

4.In the near future,we may be using our eyes to operate our smart-phones and tablets,even when it comes to playing popular games like Fruit Ninja(水果忍者).

The Gaze Group has been developing eye-controlling computer technology for nearly20years.But those devices(设备)have been firstly designed to help those with disabilities,and are very expensive.

“After a while,we figured out that probably the best way is to go for a mass-market way,”says Gaze’s Sune Alstrup Johansen.“where everybody would have this available.”

Johansen and some of his colleagues have formed a new company,the Eye Tribe,which is hoping to develop the technology on a mass commercial level.

The technology works when combined with the computing device toward the user’s face.After making sure of the user’s eye movements,the technology is then able to easily find where a person’s eyes are moving,and then allow the eyes to control a cursor(光标).

“Our software can then determine the location of the eyes and know where you’re looking on the screen to make sure what you’re looking at,”reads an explanation on the Eye Tribe site.

There has been a gradual change toward hands-free technology in recent years,particularly in the gaming(电玩游戏)world.Recently Xbox released the Kinect device,which lets users control their Xbox and play certain games using only their hands,legs and voices.But still,most of these devices have been more of a trick than a practical way to use one’s hands to control a mobile device.Johansen said a replaceable filter(滤光器)would be a cheap,convenient way for most consumers.

And even as companies like The Eye Tribe work to create such a product for the average user,making the eye-controlling technology more accessible and less expensive will have similar benefits for physically disabled users.

For more articles on modern science,please CLICK here.

1.Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?

A.An introduction of a new product.

B.An introduction of smartphones and tablets.

C.An introduction of a new technology for the disabled.

D.An introduction of eye-controlling technology.

2.The underlined word“this”probably refers to_______.

A.the eye-controlling technology

B.the Gaze Group

C.the mobile device

D.the mass-market way

3.According to the passage,we can learn that_______.

A.the eye-controlling technology was first developed for the blind

B.there is no such phone as we can use only with our eyes at present

C.the present development of the technology will bring no good

D.the eye-controlling technology is only intended for the disabled people

4.This passage is probably taken from_______.

A.an experiment report

B.a science fiction、

C.a science website

D.a school textbook

5.It’s2035.You have a job,a family and you’re about40years old!Welcome to your future life.Getting ready for work,you pause in front of the mirror.“Turn red,”you say.Your shirt changes from sky blue to deep red. Tiny preprogrammed electronics are rearranged in your shirt to change its color.Looking into the mirror,you find it hard to believe you’re40.You look much younger.With amazing advances in medicine,people in your generation may live to be150years old.You’re not even middle-aged!

As you go into the kitchen and prepare to pour your breakfast cereal(谷物)into a bowl,you hear“To lose weight,you shouldn’t eat that”from your shoes.They read the tiny electronic on the cereal box to find out the nutrition details.You decide to listen to your shoes.“Kitchen,what can I have for breakfast?”A list of possible foods appears on the counter as the kitchen checks its food supplies.

“Ready for your trip to space?”you ask your son and daughter.In2005only specially trained astronauts went into space—and very few of them.Today anyone can go to space for day trips or longer vacations.Your best friend even works in space.Handing your children three strawberries each,you add,“The doctor said you need these for space travel.”Thanks to medical advances,vaccination shots(防疫针)are a thing of the past.Ordinary foods contain specific vaccines.With the berries in their mouths,the kids head for the front door.It’s time for you to go to work.Your car checks your fingerprints and unlocks the doors.“My office,Autopilot.”you command. Your car drives itself down the road and moves smoothly into traffic on the highway.You sit back and unroll your e-newspaper.The latest news downloads and fills the viewer.Looking through the pages,you watch the news as video film rather than read it.

1.What changes the color of your shirt?

A.The mirror.

B.The shirt itself.

C.The counter.

D.The medicine.

2.How do the shoes know that you shouldn’t eat the breakfast cereal?

A.By pouring the breakfast into a bowl.

B.By listening to the doctor’s advice.

C.By testing the food supplies in the kitchen.

D.By checking the nutrition details of the food.

3.The strawberries the children eat serve as_________.

A.breakfast

B.lunch

C.vaccines

D.nutrition

6.More than2.25billion cups of coffee are consumed across the globe each day,and it is likely that many taste bitter.

Now,a new study suggests that coffee lovers ran make their drink taste sweeter by simply changing the color of their coffee mps.Scientists from Federation University Australia and the University of Oxford claim that blue and glass cups reduce coffee’s bitterness,without any need for sugar,and that coffee drank from while cups tastes the bitterest.

To prove their claims,the researchers invited36volunteers and used three different colored cups-blue,white and transparent-to do an experiment.In the experiment,coffee consumed from the white cup was found to taste less sweet when compared to the other two cups.And the cup made the coffee taste the sweetest.

The scientists believe that the color brown may be associated with coffee’s bitterness because coffee in a while cup appears the brownest and tastes the bitterest.“Our study clearly shows that the color of coffee cup does influence the flavor(风味)of coffee,”Dr.George of Federation University Australia,said.“But the potential effects may he different between a one-time purchase and a return customer.”“Anyhow,the effect of the cup’s

color on the flavor of the coffee suggests that cafe owners,waiters,as well as coffee cup producers should carefully consider the color of their cups,”he added.

However,the idea that color can change the taste of food and drink is not new.A study published last year showed that red,strawberry-flavored cake served on a white plate was10percent sweeter and15percent more flavorful than the same food presented on a black plate.

1.Why does coffee in while cups taste the least sweet?

A.Because white cups are not as beautiful as other cups.

B.Because while cups are better used to serve cakes.

C.Because while cups reduce the sugar in them.

D.Because white cups make coffee appear the brownest.

2.What elements are involved in the scientists’research?

①different brands of coffee②different colored coffee cups

③some volunteers④some producers

A.①②

B.②③

C.②④

D.③④

3.What is the article mainly about?

A.Color may change the taste in a way.

B.Coffee cups will influence the taste.

C.Customers’preference of coffee varies.

D.Caféowners need careful consideration.

4.How did the scientists prove their claims?

A.By listing facts.

B.By analyzing data.

C.By doing experiments.

D.By borrowing others’ideas.

7.A Japanese company is developing a pair of smart glasses that can help those with visual or comprehension problems to read written text more easily.Called the Oton Glass,the glasses are meant to translate text into sound using two cameras and an earpiece,both fitted to its frame.

Half of the lens(镜片)is a mirror that reflects the wearer’s eyes back to the first camera,which tracks eye movement.The other camera captures the text.Wearers use the glasses by staring at the text they can’t read and blinking(眨眼)to trigger the glasses.Then the captured words are sent to a cloud system,which processes the text and turns it into sound played through the earpiece.If the system is unable to identify the words,the images are sent to a remote worker who can deal with them.

The Oton Glass lead designer,Keisuke Shimakage,started working on the glasses in2012to aid his father,who had developed dyslexia,a condition that makes it difficult for someone to read and spell.While his father eventually recovered,Shimakage continued his development in order to help others with the disorder. Currently,the Oton Glass is seeking funding.Backers can get a pair of the glasses for5,000yen(roughly$47). Smart glasses aren’t a new concept,but it’s difficult to point to any single pair of smart glasses that people have reviewed favorably.It could,perhaps,be that previous products tried to do too much,or were too expensive. That’s why Intel’s Vaunt smart glasses stripped out some features,like its camera,LCD screen,and speakers.The Oton Glass is for a very specific audience,and its relatively low price could make it more appealing to those who want an affordable way to understand the text around them.

1.What was Keisuke’s original purpose in designing the Oton Glass?

A.To treat his father’s disease.

B.To translate text into sound.

C.To assist his father to read.

D.To make written text easier to read.

2.What is the right order how the Oton Glass works?

a.The camera captures the words.

b.The wearer stares at the text.

c.The wearer hears the sound via the earpiece.

d.The cloud system turns the text into sound.

e.The wearer blinks to get the glasses working.

A.a,b,e,c,d

B.e,b,c,d,a

C.b,d,a,e,c

D.b,e,a,d,c

3.The underlined part“stripped out”in the last paragraph can be replaced by________.

A.improved

B.removed

C.increased

D.invented

4.What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A.The advantages of the Oton Glass.

B.The characteristics of smart glasses.

C.Consumers’evaluation of the Oton Glass.

D.The target audiences of various smart glasses.

8.See a cellphone cover that you like on Taobao?Forget about placing an order,paying the bill online and waiting for days for it to be delivered to you.In the near future,you'll be able to get it in minutes just by hitting “print”on your computer.

You might find it hard to believe that you could actually“print”an object like you would a picture.But it is not that hard to understand how it would work.Just as a traditional printer sprays(喷)ink onto paper line by line, modern3D printers spread material onto a surface layer by layer,from the bottom to the top,gradually building up a shape.

Instead of ink,the materials the3D printer uses are mainly plastic,resin(树脂)and certain metals.The thinner each layer is—from a millimetre to less than the width of a hair—the smoother and finer the object will be.

This may sound like a completely new technology,but the truth is that3D printing has been around since the late1980s.Back then,it was barely affordable for most people,so few knew about it.

Last year,though,saw a big change in the3D printing industry—printers became much cheaper.For example, 10years ago a desktop3D printer might have cost￡20,000,while now they cost only about￡1,000,according to the BBC.

Taken out of the factory and introduced to more diverse and common uses,3D printing can create just about anything you can think of—flutes(笛子),bikinis,jewelry,aircraft parts and even human organs.In fact,scientists from Cornell University in New York have just made an artificial ear using a3D printer,according to Science Daily.The fake ear looks and acts exactly like a natural one.

However,as3D printing becomes more common,it may bring about certain problems—such as piracy.“Once you can download a coffee maker,or print out a new set of kitchen utensils(餐具)on your personal3D printer, who will visit a retail(零售的)store again?”an expert in3D printing told Forbes News.Even more frightening, what if anyone in the world could use a3D printer to print out a fully functioning gun?

1.According to the article,in the future,the3D printing technology will_______.

A.enable people to make better purchases online

B.change the way we make many products

C.be applied as widely in our daily life as computers

D.shorten the time it takes for people to get what they buy online

2.What happened in the3D printing industry last year?

A.The3D printing technology was taken out of the factory.

B.The3D printing technology began to be used in various fields.

C.The3D printer was used for medical treatment for the first time.

D.The3D printer became more affordable for consumers.

3.How is the last paragraph developed?

A.By giving examples.

B.By making comparisons.

高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇(附答案)

高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇 (名师传授解题技巧+实战练习，值得下载) 一、阅读理解解题技巧 阅读理解题是考查学生对活的语言材料的理解能力，即通过阅读材料获得信息的能力。具体说来，阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是：（1）掌握所读材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节；（2）既理解具体事实，也理解抽象的概念；（3）既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；（4）既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并能根据文章进行推理和判断；（5）既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。根据这几项能力测试的要求，试题中常采用如下几种题型：事实询问题、推理判断题、数据推算题、识图解意题和主旨大意题。根据这一测试要求和题型设计，答题时可以采取如下解题技巧和对策。 1．首先解题时要充满自信。由于平时有些同学对做阅读理解时存在一种畏惧心理，因此考试做题时心理就难免会产生紧张感，特别是阅读时再遇到几个生词就头脑发胀，从而使自己的思路更加模糊不清。其实这是完全没有必要的，因为阅读中遇到几个生词或几个难以理解的句子是常有的事，也是正常现象。因为按大纲要求，试卷中允许有不超过3%的生词，只要认真分析，仔细阅读，这些生词和句子很可能并不影响你的解题。所以答题之前首先要有必胜的信心。 2．扫读全文，理解全文主旨大意。拿到一篇文章，首先要快速扫读全文，虽为扫读，但不可漫不经心，阅读时也应聚精会神，力求可能多地获取材料信息，只是这次遇到生词和难句先不必去处理，不要因纠缠文中的个别生词和难句而影响了对全文的主旨大意的了解。

3．对症下药，各个击破。了解全文的大概意思之后，再把短文的问题简单看一遍，弄懂题意，然后带着问题再去寻读全文。这次阅读过程中要善于抓文章中的关键词句。寻读也就是迅速的查找需要了解的信息，是为某些特定的问题而阅读，因此阅读时要有较强的针对性，对与问题有关的数据，词句等仔细阅读，认真理解，同时结合不同考查内容的题型，采取如下解题对策： （1）事实询问题：这类试题通常是以疑问词what，who，when，where，why，how 等引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源，同时注意题目和文章中的暗示作用。特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息。 （2）推理判断题：此题要求我们通过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意思，对文章的发展情节及作者的态度、意图等做出合乎逻辑的的推理判断。这种题要求我们在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节、从分析文章的结构入手，根据上下文的内在联系，充分挖掘文章的深层含义。对暗含在文章中事件的因果关系，人物的动机，以及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意图、观点进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。同时善于抓住文中实质性的东西，不要被带假象的表面信息或似是而非的东西所迷惑。并且注意推断作者态度时要力求从作者的态度、观点去思考，切勿想当然，凭个人的观点习惯看法来回答的问题。 （3）数据推算题：此题要求我们就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文章中其他信息的关系做出计算和推断，然后做出选择。这就要求我们解题时，要在理解好题意的前提下去对与数据有关的信息认真分析，若数据信息较多，还要注意弄清数据之间的关系，同时分清有用与无用信息，最终作出正确判断。 （4）主旨大意题：此题用以考查我们对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。在解答此类试题时要注意每段的中心句，抓住每一段的主题句。一般主题句都用来表达一段主旨大意，因此，只要找准每段的主题句，文章的中心思想和文章的最佳标题也就不难确定了。

2019届高三英语12月调研考试试题

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