浅谈管理高考英语短文改错应试策略

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高考英语短文改错应试策略

——2004届高考五县市交流发言稿

丹阳市第五中中学高三英语备课组夏立新

Ⅰ.命题特点和趋向解读

短文改错题着重考查考生的语言基本功和正确使用英语进行表达的能力。它涉及词汇、语法、句型结构等方面的知识，以及逻辑情理的推断和综合辨析能力。解题建立在对短文的整体理解的基础上。考纲指出，错误的类型包括：“词法、句法、行文逻辑等”。它覆盖面广，设计灵活，题量虽小，但分值高，容易拉开得分距离。因此考生要特别注意词的用法、搭配和语法分析，要整体阅读，判断正误，分辨错误的类别。短文改错的一般规律：一般是正确一个，另有多词、缺词、错词等现象。

近年来，高考短文改错命题特点和趋向主要体现以下几个方面：

一、短文改错试题的难度保持平稳

体裁以记叙文为主，记叙文较说明文和议论文更易理解；即句子结构则以简单句为主过渡到以复合句和并列句为主。一般说来，简单句较为简单，而复合句和并列句则较长。句子的长度是控制难度的一个重要因素。句子越长难度越高。从近几年高考试题来看，短文改错的句子平均长度趋于平稳，几乎都有一个长达20多个词的句子，这就需要考生在这个句子中判断出二到三个地方有错或无错，增加了试题的难度。参看下表：

二、错误类型设置相对稳定

基本上是错词6行；正确占1行；多词和缺词共占1行。参看下表：

三、短文改错所考查的词类涉及广泛，分布合理

历年高考着重考查了名词、冠词、代词、介词、形容词、副词、连词、动词、动词时态、动词语态、主谓一致等语法知识。由于动词的错误类型较多，所以每年的短文改错中动词的错误占了相当的比例。参看下表：

四、短文改错增加了语境及逻辑错误

短文改错命题多考查英语的曲折附加成分，学生受本族语影响易犯的错误和估计考生可能出现的错误。而近几年又增加了语境及逻辑错误。这就要求考生不仅要从语法角度分析短文中出现的错误，而且要理解上下文甚至全篇的内容，才能作出正确判断。

Ⅱ.复习目标和应试策略

一、熟知短文改错的热点和难点

1.一致性问题

(1)主谓一致：

例如：(’02·全国)

Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.(is 改为are，因为主语是复数)

(2)时态一致：

例如：(’00·全国)

I remembered her words and calm down .(calm应改为calmed;连词an d 应连接两个相等的成份。)

(3)名词的单、复数一致问题：

例如：(’03·北京·春季)

No one worries much about the radio program young people listen t o ,although radios can be very noisy.

(应把program 加s,因为program是可数名词，要用复数形式)。

(4)代词的性、数格一致

例如：(’00·全国)

The day before the speech contest English teacher talked to me.

(根据句意，这里的English teacher 应是“我的英语老师”，所以应在English teacher前加my.)

(5)语意一致

例如：(’02·全国·84)

The food was expensive and the service was good.

(食物贵与服务好之间是转折关系，不是并列关系，把“and”改为“but”)

2.词义的重叠

例如：(’00·全国)

Whenever I see them I often think of my English teacher .

(此题易受汉语的影响，造成语意上的重叠。whenever之后一般不用often ,故把often去掉。)

3.语境与逻辑关系

例1：(’01·全国·85)

Do they really understand their own daughter?

What things are in other homes ,I wonder.

(阅读全文可知，父母把我当客人，他们对我不理解，我就必然会感到很纳闷：别人家的情况会怎么样呢?显然，应将What改为How,表示“···怎么样?”)

例2：(’00·全国·88)

…but it didn't matter that I would win or not.

(win or not应理解为“是否会赢”所以把“that”改为“whether”)

二、注意短文改错应试中的非智力因素

1.正确理解做题要求，搞清楚改什么(改一个单词，不是两个，也不是改标点符号，怎么改(删除、补漏、纠错)。答卷一定要规范，各种符号不能缺少，位置也要正确。

2. 并非每行都有错，无错行一般为一行，若做题结果为多行无错，则说明可能仍有未被发现的错误，需进一步查找。

3. 拼写错误已取消。

4. 短文改错以行为单位设置错误，但有些长句要占二、三行，单从一行很难断定，应把句与行结合起来。如果你在一行中找到两处错误，说明你的答案肯定有问题。

短文改错有别于单句改错。要从全文着眼，特别要注意动词与逻辑错误。

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高考英语短文改错答题技巧+20条复习要诀

高考英语短文改错答题技巧+20条复习要诀 导读：教书育人楷模，更好地指导自己的学习，让自己不断成长。让我们一起到本人一起学习吧!下面本人网的本人给 你们带来了《高考英语短文改错答题技巧+20条复习要诀》供 考生们参考。 高考英语一轮复习的20条学习要诀 第一要诀：收听英语气象报告 有些教学录音带为配合初学者的学习，故意放慢语速，这对英语听力的训练是不够的。如果听语速正常的英语，初学者又会感到力不从心。英语气象报告的速度虽快，但词汇简单固定，内容单纯，重复的可能性大，而且在生活中随时都可以印证，是听力入门的好教材。 第二要诀：收听中国国际广播电台的英语广播 中国国际广播电台(China Radio International)每 天早上7:00-8:00，中午11:00-12:00各有一小时的英语节目。内容包括国内外新闻剪报集锦和各类系列的专题报道。除了英语标准流利的国内播音员担任广播之外，也有向外侨或访客就某一话题而做的录音访问。内容广泛，但词汇较简单，语速亦适中，可以藉此训练或增进英语的听力。 第三要诀：善用录音带锻炼听说能力 有些学习者总是习惯于一边看书一边听磁带，把磁带当成阅读的辅助工具，这样打不到锻炼听力的目的。录音带应该是以听说能力的训练为主。学习者要选用与自己能力相适应的听力磁带，不要急于求成，以免产生受挫心理。先反复聆听

磁带内容，起先只要抓住梗概，多听几次后，对细节的了解便越来越多。听力较差的人，可先阅读课文，然后再集中精力领会每段每句的意思。这样练习有助于培养倾听时注意力的集中，使您的听力迅速进步。 第四要诀：听正常语速的英语，才能加速听力的进步 很多广播教学和听力教材总是为了配合听众或学习者的程度而故意放慢语速，这虽是无可厚非的变通方法，但也会产生一些不良的副作用。例如：1.听惯了语速放慢的英语，在与外国人的实际交往中，就很难适应，甚至听不懂他们用正常语速讲的英语。2. 故意放慢语速时，通常会把一句中每个词 都清楚的读出来，但在正常的会话中会出现很多同化(assimilation)，减弱(reduction)，连音(liaision)的现象。所以，听语速正常的英语对于听力和会话极为重要。 第五要诀：从网络上学习原版英语 现在的网络已经很发达了，上面有很多英语学习资源。听，说，读，写都可以在网络上面完成，还可以无限次的重复，直到你学会为之。但网络上面的资源也是良莠不齐，要你自己去发现适合你学习的网站。如何找到有价值的学习网站，其实也不是很困难，现在有很多资源集锦的网站。 第六要诀：和朋友表演影片情节 在英语学习中，我们经常会与朋友或同学相约用英语交谈来提高英语会话能力，但经常感到自己的语言贫乏，所谈内容有限。现在不妨试试这种方法：配合前节所讲的“从电视，电影中学习英语”，先依据电影情节节选一个或多个片段，个人选定一个角色，然后在影片看熟之后试着把台词誊录成文字并背下来，最后进行排练表演。经常做这种练习，不仅对英语会话和听力大有好处，而且对语法和写作也是很好的锻炼。