动词不定式学案及练习

语法：to do

翻译下列句子，并说明不定式在句子中充当什么成分

1.To do that sort of thing is foolish。( )

2.I want to see you this evenin ( )

3.All you have to do is to finish it quickly. ( )

4.We found a house to live in. ( )

5.She came here to study English. ( )

6. I warned the patient not to drink cold water after the operation. ( )

一、

观察：Learning English is necessary.

To go to a good university is my dream.

思考动名词和不定式做主语的区别___________________________________

即学即练：

___________(save) money is necessary, but ___________(save) money now is impossible for me.

二、不定式做主语：大多数情况后置用it形式主语

It+ be+ adj. / n. (+of/for sb.) +to do

1. It’s good to see you.

2.It’s a difficult thing (for me) to learn maths well.

3. It’s foolish of you to steal the money.

三、不定式作宾语

1.. I want to buy a computer.

2. She hopes to find a better job.

常接不定式做宾语的动词：

learn; agree; plan; ask; help; decide; want; fail; manage; expect; hope; wish; promise;

offer; refuse; choose; afford

四、有些动词既可接动名词又可接不定式既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语

例like/hate/ love to do (暂时性)

doing (习惯性)

区分：mean to do regret to do stop to do

mean doing regret doing stop doing

remember to do forget to do continue to do

remember doing forget doing continue doing

五.动词不定式作宾语补足语：(v. + sb. + to do )

e.g. She asked me to help her.

want; wish; expect; ask; help; tell; get; order; promise; warn; cause; would like;

区分：比较：

I heard her singing in the next room.

I heard her sing in the next room.

六、作状语

1.He came to show me his new CD player.

2.I’m sorry to trouble you.

3. He was too frightened to move.

4.He reached the station only to find the train had left.

七、作定语（与被修饰词有动宾关系；若是不及物动词，介词不能省略）

1.They have much food to eat.

2.He asked for a room to live in.

练习

1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。

2. 放弃吸烟是对的。

3. Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。

4. 他答应不告诉任何人这事。

5.他说得很大声为了能被听到。

6.我们太累了以至于今晚一点儿也走不动了。

7.她叫我一个人呆在这儿。

8.请允许我介绍Mr. White给你们

练习

1. The teacher told them ________ make so much noise.

A. don’t

B. not

C. will not

D. not to

2. Our master often told us _______ things for granted.

A. not to have

B. not to take

C. didn’t take

D. not to make

10. They knew her very well. They had seen her _______ up from childhood.

A. grow

B. grew

C. was growing

D. to grow

13. He was made _________.

A. go

B. gone

C. going

D. to go

16. There’re so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind _____ to buy.

A. what

B. which

C. how

D. where

17. There isn’t any difference between the two. I really don’t know _________.

A. where to choose

B. which to choose

C. to choose what

D. to choose which

20. He doesn’t know ______ to stay or not.

A. whether

B. if

C. either

D. if he will

22. --- The light in the office is still on. --- Oh, I forgot _______.

A. turning it off

B. turn it off

C. to turn it off

D. having turned it off

24. Little Jim should love _______ to the theatre this evening.

A. to be taken

B. to take

C. being taken

D. taking

29. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.

A. so not as to

B. so as not to

C. so as to not

D. not so as to

34. Rather than _______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _______ a bicycle.

A. ride；ride

B. riding；ride

C. ride；to ride

D. to ride；riding

专项练习题·动词不定式(专项练习及详解)

1. The teacher told them ________ make so much noise.

A. don’t

B. not

C. will not

D. not to

2. Our master often told us _______ things for granted.

A. not to have

B. not to take

C. didn’t take

D. not to make

3. Tell him _______ the window.

A. to shut not

B. not to shut

C. to not shut

D. not shut

4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______.

A. not to

B. not to do

C. not do it

D. do not to

5. Mrs Smith warned her daughter ________ after drinking.

A. never to drive

B. to never drive

C. never driving

D. never drive

6. The patient was warned _______ oily food after the operation.

A. to eat not

B. eating not

C. not to eat

D. not eating

7. The workers want us ________ together with them.

A. work

B. working

C. to work

D. worked

8. They would not allow him ________ across the enemy line.

A. to risk going

B. risking to go

C. for risk to go

D. risk going

9. I saw him _______ out of the room.

A. go

B. had gone

C. has gone

D. goes

10. They knew her very well. They had seen her _______ up from childhood.

A. grow

B. grew

C. was growing

D. to grow

11. I’ve heard him _______ about you often.

A. spoke

B. speaks

C. speak

12. Though he had often made his little sister _____, today he was made _____by his little sister.

A. cry；to cry

B. crying；crying

C. cry；cry

D. to cry；cry

13. He was made _________.

A. go

B. gone

C. going

D. to go

14. John was made _______ the truck for a week as a punishment.

A. to wash

B. washing

C. wash

D. to be washing

15. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard.

A. learn

B. to learn

C. learned

D. learning

16. There’re so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind

_____ to buy.

A. what

B. which

C. how

D. where

17. There isn’t any difference between the two. I really don’t know _________.

A. where to choose

B. which to choose

C. to choose what

D. to choose which

18. “ Have you decided when ________?” “ Yes, tomorrow morning.”

A. to leave

B. to be leaving

C. will you leave

D. are you leaving

19. Last summer I took a course on ________.

A. how to make dresses

B. how dresses be made

C. how to be made dresses

D. how dresses to be made

20. He doesn’t know ______ to stay or not.

A. whether

B. if

C. either

D. if he will

21. She pretended _______ me when I passed by.

A. not to see

B. not seeing

C. to not see

D. having not seen

22. --- The light in the office is still on. --- Oh, I forgot _______.

A. turning it off

B. turn it off

C. to turn it off

D. having turned it off

23. We agreed _________ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.

A. having met

B. meeting

C. to meet

D. to have met

24. Little Jim should love _______ to the theatre this evening.

A. to be taken

B. to take

C. being taken

D. taking

25. I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.

A. to go

B. to have gone

C. going

D. having gone

26. Frank is the kind of person who people like to ________.

A. make friend with

B. make friends of

C. make friends

D. make friends with

27. Go on ________ the other exercise after you have finished this one.

A. to do

B. doing

C. with

D. to be doing

28. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock by the side of the path.

A. to have rested

B. resting

C. to rest

D. rest

29. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.

A. so not as to

B. so as not to

C. so as to not

D. not so as to

30. I need a day or two ________.

A. to think it over

B. to think over

C. of thinking

31. He was too excited _________.

A. speak

B. to speak

C. not to speak

D. speaking

32. Charles Babbage is generally considered ________ the first computer.

A. to invent

B. inventing

C. to have invented

D. having invented

33. He said he would rather not _______ it right now.

A. doing

B. to do

C. do

D. to be doing

34. Rather than _______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _______ a bicycle.

A. ride；ride

B. riding；ride

C. ride；to ride

D. to ride；riding

35. It’s freezing outside. You _______ put on your overcoat.

A. had better to

B. had better

C. would better

D. would better to

36. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _______.

A. sit

B. sit on

C. be sit

D. be sat on

37. I’m hungry. Get me something _________.

A. eat

B. to eat

C. eating

D. for eating

38. --- I usually go there by train.

--- Why not _______ by boat for a change?

A. to try going

B. trying to go

C. to try and go

D. try going

39. She did nothing _______ at the photo.

A. except look

B. but to look

C. except to look

D. but looking

40. I asked him to _______ me a few minutes so that we could go over all the problems.

A. spend

B. spare

C. save

D. share

41. They won’t let their teacher _______ in that way.

A. to be treated

B. being treated

C. treated

D. be treated

42. John, you must get your room ________ after breakfast.

A. to be cleaned

B. to clean

C. cleaning

D. cleaned

43. The problem _______ at tomorrow’s meeting is a very difficult one.

A. being discussed

B. discussed

C. to be discussed

D. to discuss

44. He reached the station _____ only _____ that the train had just left.

A. tired；learned

B. tiring；learning

C. to tire；to learn

D. tired；to learn

45. --- Did that book give the information you needed?

--- Yes, but ______, we had to read it almost entirely.

A. for finding it

B. to find it

C. finding it

D. by finding it

46. I’m sorry I forgot ______your dictionary. Let’s borrow one from Li Ming.

A. to take

B. taking

C. to bring

D. bringing

47. She couldn’t decide which restaurant _______.

A. to have lunch

B. to eat

C. to eat at

D. eating at

48. This problem is said _____ three times.

A. to have been talked

B. to have discussed

C. having been discussed

D. to have been talked about

49. Everybody believed the man ______ away the diamond ring.

A. be taken

B. taking

C. to take

D. to have taken

50. I prefer ____ rather than ______.

A. read；watch

B. to read；watch

C. reading；to watch

D. to read；to watch 答案：

1-5 DBBAA6-10 CCAAA11-15 CADAB16-20 BBAAA

21-25 ACCAB 26-30 DACBA31-35 BCCCB36-40 BBDAB

41-45 DDCDB46-50 CCDDB

解析：

1．tell sb. not to do sth告诉某人不做某事

2．take sth for granted “把某事想当然”，是一个固定词组。Eg. You shouldn’t take it for granted that everyone should help you.你不要认为每个人都理应帮助你。

4. 不定式的省略要保留到to,否则就完整地表达，如:…but his mother told him not to do so.

5. warn sb not to do sth. 此处用never替代not.

8. allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事；risk doing sth冒险做某事

9. see sb do sth看见某人做某事

12. make sb do 让某人做某事，但用于被动结构后，则要用不定式符号to连接。

16．which 用于有范围中的“哪一个”，此处作buy的宾语。

18．when +to do 做decide的宾语，若用when引导宾语从句，用陈述句语序。

21. pretend to do 假装做某事。

22．forget to do sth忘记（要）做某事。

24．should love to be taken to …愿意被带去……

25．因为状语是last night，用不定式的完成式表示本想……

27. go on to do sth. 继续做（与原来不相同的）事。此句可以从the other exercise断定。

28．stop to do sth. 停下来（去）做……

32．被动语态后用不定式连接，根据句意用完成式。

33. would rather not do sth. 宁愿不做某事。

34. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做……不愿做……

37．to eat 此处作something 的定语。for+doing多表用途。

38. why not do sth…“为什么不……” ；try doing sth试一试

39．Do nothing but do sth,此处用except替代but

40. spare sb. sth匀出、腾出……，宾语为sb.；share分享，宾语为sth.

41. let sb do, 此处用的是被动语态

42．get sth. done让某事被做

44．tired此处是过去分词，表示主语的状态。only to learn…此处的不定式表结果。45．此处的to find it, 表示目的

47. to eat at the restaurant, 介词at不能丢

48. 此处使用的是不定式的完成被动式。表示“曾经被讨论过三次”。

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