unit 4_历史

第四单元历史

SECTION I 英译汉

A New Nation

新国家的诞生

At the beginning of the 20th century, Australia was an open and democratic "new world" society.

20世纪初，澳大利亚社会是一个开放民主的“新世界”。

In the absence of a strongly defined aristocracy or ruling class, there was a sense that one person was as good as another.

这里没有明确的贵族阶级或统治阶级，只有人人平等的观念。

It was commonly held that people made what they could of themselves, given their abilities.（given：如果考虑到）

人们普遍认为，澳大利亚社会崇尚人尽其才，充分实现自我。

The Commonwealth of Australia was formed in 1901 through the proclamation of the Constitution for the Federation of six states.

1901年，澳大利亚通过颁布使六州结成联邦的宪法，宣告澳大利亚联邦成立。

The founders of Federation believed that they were

creating something new and were concerned to avoid the pitfalls of the old world.

缔造者们相信，他们是在创造新生事物，因而注意避免重蹈旧世界的覆辙。

They wanted Australia to be harmonious, united and egalitarian.

他们要把澳大利亚建设成一个和睦、统一、人人平等的社会。

They had progressive ideas about human rights, observance of democratic procedures and the value of a secret ballot.

他们有着关于人权的先进思想，他们遵守民主程序，

推崇无记名投票方式。

They drew the line on matters of race, however; one of the first acts of the new Commonwealth Parliament was to pass the Immigration Restriction Act 1901, which ensured that immigrants would be of primarily European origin.

但是，在种族问题上他们却区别对待。联邦议会刚一成立，就迅速通过了《1901年移民限制法》；该法保证移民主要源自欧洲。

(The 'White Australia' policy was gradually dismantled after World War II until by the mid-1970s it was totally abolished. Australia now has a non-discriminatory migration policy.)

（二战以后，逐渐取消“白澳政策”，到20世纪70

年代中期才彻底废除。如今，澳大利亚奉行的是无歧视移民政策。）

Numerous diverse links with Britain existed, which many people continued to regard as "the mother country".

澳大利亚同英国保持着千丝万缕的联系，许多人仍将英国视为“祖国”。

Australia's constitutional links with Britain have been progressively loosened since that time.

但从那时起，澳大利亚与英国的宪法联系逐渐变得松散。

The great champion of Federation was Sir Henry Parkes, who believed that Australia was ready for unity because

of "the vigor, the industry, the enterprise, the foresight, and the creative skill of its people".（the enterprise：事业心，冒险精神）

亨利?帕克斯爵士是澳大利亚联邦的伟大捍卫者。他认为，澳大利亚已经具备了统一的条件，因为“她的人民充满活力，勤劳进取，富有远见和创造力”。

SECTION II 汉译英

清朝的崛起

The Rise of the Qing Dynasty

满族人在17世纪晚期占领了外蒙古。

The Manchus conquered (seized) Outer Mongolia in

the late seventeenth century.

18世纪，他们控制了远至帕米尔高原的中亚地区，并在西藏建立了摄政政权。

In the eighteenth century they gained control of Central Asia as far as the Pamir Mountains (By the eighteenth century' they [had] controlled Central Asia, including the Pamir Mountains) and established a protectorate in Tibet (held Tibet as a protectorate).

在满洲人的统治下，清朝的统治范围超过了它之前的任何一个朝代和之后的任何一个时期，反清势力的最后一个前沿，台湾，也被纳入中国领土的版图。

Under Manchu rule the empire grew to include a larger area than before or since (In size, the Manchu empire was never equaled before or later). Taiwan, the last

outpost of anti-Manchu resistance, was also incorporated into China (also succumbed to Manchu power and became a part of China).『succumbed to：屈服于』

另外，清朝皇帝也接受来自周边各国的供奉。

In addition, Qing emperors received (exacted) tribute from the [various] border (neighboring) states.

对中国领土完整的威胁过去一直来自陆地，但这次不是来自陆地，而是来自海上。在清朝时，威胁第一次发自于南部沿海地区。

The chief threat to China's integrity did not come overland, as it had so often in the past, but by sea, reaching the southern coastal area first (arriving first along the southern coast) in the Qing Dynasty.

西方的商人，传教士和士兵在16世纪、清朝之前就开始大批来到中国。

Western traders, missionaries, and soldiers began to arrive (arrived/landed) in large numbers even before the Qing Dynasty, in the sixteenth century.

清政府不能对新的挑战做出正确的评估，或不能做出灵活的反应，从而导致了清朝的衰亡和几千年封建统治秩序的彻底崩溃。

The empire's inability to evaluate [correctly] [the nature/significance of] the new challenge or to respond flexibly to it (to react to it flexibly/to make flexible responses) resulted in the demise of the Qing and the collapse (disappearance) of the entire millennia-old framework of dynastic rule(the millennia-old feudal structure).

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IhappenedtoseePeteronthewaytothebookstoreyesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。 ItsohappenedthatIsawPeteronthewaytothebookstoreyesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。 Ihappenedtobeoutwhenhecalled.他来访时，恰巧我出去了。 (=IthappenedthatIwasoutwhenhecalled.) IhappenedonjustthethingIhadbeenlookingfor.我偶然发现了我所要找的东西。 3.rightaway毫不迟疑，立刻 Heisill;youshouldcallinthedoctorrightaway.他病了,你应该立即请大夫来。 4.Asmellygascameoutofthecracks.裂缝里冒出臭气。 5.Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.农家大院里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。 6.Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.但是，这个城市的一百万居民都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。 7.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend.世界似乎到了末日。 从句表示“(在某人)看来好像;似乎” ①Itseems/looks/appearsasif/though…看起来好像… ②Sb./Sth.looksasif/though…(不用seem/appear) ③Thereseems/appears(tobe)…(不用look) Thereappearstohavebeenamistake.=Itappearsthattherehasbeenamistake. ④Itseemsso.=Soitseems.看来似乎是这样。 8.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins. 在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沦落为一片废墟之中。

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