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高中英语阅读题解题思路指导

高中英语阅读题解题思路指导
高中英语阅读题解题思路指导

高中英语考试的阅读题虽然能看得懂,但是经常选错,如何应对?这就是没有掌握作题技巧导致的。搞清楚题目是什么类型,用什么方法应对就迫在眉睫了。知己知彼百战不殆。题目大体有以下四种类型:事实细节题,主旨大意题,推理判断题,猜测词义题。

一、事实细节题。

即通过阅读全文,对文中叙述的事实、细节进行理解或判断。此类题型一般分两种。一种是考查原文细节本身,一种是考查某些细节在文中的意义。细节题有常见的几种表现形式:例证题(文中举例的作用),是非判断题,数字和年代,和一些细节内容

(what,wher,who,how,which,why)常见的问题形式有:

①Which of thefollowing statements is true/false?

②Which of thefollowing shows the right order of....?

③According tothe passage...,the author mentions...

注意:有时问题会采用反向思维,题中含有not或except等否定词,如:

④The authormentions all of the following except...

⑤All of thefollowing statements are true except...

高中英语事实细节题的解题技巧并举例:

(1)原文定位法,可参见学而思名师王培同老师的阅读理解六字诀。解答细节理解性题时,不能脱离原文,不能想当然地依赖自己的文化背景知识,而应该在文章中找出相应出处,并根据相应出处的信息作选择。使用定位法可以增加准确度。

(2)对关键词语提高敏感度,时间、地点、人物,并圈出来,以便做题时回头再推敲。(3)注意识别指代词语。为避免重复,文章中对多次提及的事物或现象会使用不同的词语,如同义词、近义词、代词等。

例如:(2009山东,B)

FDA can ask for theproof of safety and effectiveness of a product___A___

A if it is a drug

B if it is a device

C if its consumersmake complaints

D if itsdistributors challenge FDA's authority

定位在文章第二段第二句话至第二段结束:

If the product is adrug,FDA(Food and Drug Administration)can require prroof... But if the productis a device, FDA has no authority to require...

If a product alreadyon the market is a danger to health, FDA can request the producer ordistributor to...

文章大意:一些所谓的塑身,健身,等的商品广告,商家和促销商仅仅是为了挣钱,而实际结果令人怀疑,有些还会有害于健康。所引原文意思是FDA 食品和药品管理局对drug,device,和a product already on the market 是否有权利检验这三类商品的安全性。

解题:根据所引第一句话便可知,FDA有权对drug 实施检验,所以A选项正确。

B选项,显然错误,无权检查device(设备)。

C选项成为了A选项的干扰项,因为所引第三句话暗示了已投放市场的商品被市场检验为有危害性时,FDA也可以检验此商品。考生便想当然的认为消费者对商品抱怨就是文中所说的商品投放市场后安全被质疑。更有甚者,大家理所当然的按照自己的生活常识也认为此选项再正确不过。实则不然,文中没有这样说,就不能这样想,更不能这样做题。

D选项说,当促销商威胁到FDA的权利时。这是生拉硬拽出来的选项,文中提到促销商,也提到权利,但文中就两者关系只字未提。这也是出题者臆造出来做为干扰项的。

由此可知,做题不仅要细心,还要具有思辨的能力。

二、主旨和大意题。

即句、段、篇主旨和大意理解性问题。题目要求阅读短文后能正确理解文中句、段、篇的主题思想或主要论点。这种题型主要是考查学生领悟文章大意和归纳、概括文章主题的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。这类问题属于全局性问题,常见的问题形式有:

①The purposeof this passage is probably to tell...

②The author isprimarily concerned with...

③The writer ofthe article mainly wants to tell us...

④Which of thefollowing best describes the main point of the passage?

⑤Which of thefollowing titles best summarizes the content of the passage?

⑥Themain(central)idea/The best title/The main fact of the story suggests...

主旨和大意题的解题技巧:

(1)首先要找出文章的主题句,了解文章的主题和中心观点,其他句子则为支撑句或扩展句,是用来阐述、解释、支持或发展主题句所表达的主题思想的。

(2)灵活运用细读、跳读和略读等技巧,特别要注意第一段和最后一段,通常第一段包含文章要阅述的观点,而最后一段往往是文章的结论性的观点。同时,要注意每一段的头一句话,因为这一句话往往是理解这一段的主要内容和回答问题的关键。

(3)学会归纳概括。不少文章的中心思想贯穿全文,并没有用一句话明确表达出来,这就要求学生学会归纳概括。把注意力放在阅读材料的开头和结尾,放在观点性、归纳性和概括性的句子上,放在被许多句子说明和证实的句子上。同时,要注意由in summary, in a word, as a result, finally, in short, in conclusion和in brief等“信号词”引导的句子。但必须注意,不要以部分代整体,也不要过度概括。

例如:(2009宁夏·海南,全国Ⅰ,D)

The main purpose ofthe text is to tell parents__D__

A how to get alongwith a teenager

B how to respect ateenager

C how to understanda teenager

D how to help ateenager grow up

解题:

这是一篇议论文,给父母提供了再教育孩子方面的建议;尊重孩子隐私,教会孩子节制。文章第一段最后一句话已经点明主旨,通读全文也知本文的目的是帮助青少年成长。

A、C 选项是文中意思的引伸,是过度概括。

B 原文是Expect a lot from a child, just noteverything.是expect,不是respect。细心做题,万万不可粗心大意,后悔药没的买啊。

三、推理判断题。

即综合概括、推导结论、推理判断。主要是检测考生能否通过文章的字面意思去领悟作者的言外之意。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存,推理是为了得出正确的判断,正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。判断题考查学生在理解文章的基础上,对不同

观点进行评价和判断的能力。推理题考查学生由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隐含信息的能力。这种题型属于主观题,是层次较高的设题。常见的题干有:

①Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

或It can be inferred(推理) from the passage that...

②The author implies(暗示)...

③From this passage,we can draw a conclusion that...或We can conclude from the paragraph that...

这类考题中常出现的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate,conclude,learn

from,probably, most, likely, can, could, may, might.

推理判断题的解题技巧:

(1)在原文中找不到根据的推理,也不能妄加猜测,对表面信息做多步推理,必须忠实与原文,一是要站在作者的角度去仔细思考推断,切忌加入自己的主观片面的想法和想象推断。(2)一定记住两点:;一是有些选项,推断出的内容离原文意义太远,找不到确切根据,一定不是答案;二是文章中出现过的原意和原句虽然没错,但不是推断出的内容,肯定不是答案。

例如:(2009北京,A)

For the first two years in New York, the author____

A often lost her way

B did not think about her future

C studied in three different schools

D get on well with her stepfather

涉及原文:

For the first two years in New York I was really lost-having to study in three schools as a result of family moves. I did not quite know what I was or what I should be. Mother remarried, and things became even more complex for me. Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other.I often sad, and saw no end to "the hard times".

文章大意:这篇文章的题目是How I Turned to Be Optimistic,作者离开自己的国家到美国开始新生活,面对前几年的凄凉境遇,作者学会乐观面对人生,坚信只要能坚持下去,一切都会好起来。

解题:此篇阅读有5个问题,第一为事实细节题,后四个都是推理判断题,此题不难但容易做错。

A选项是干扰项,巧妙的偷换了概念,从lost (迷茫)摇身一变成lost one's way(迷路)。

B 错的不在her future,而是在think about。作者是失去自我,而不是不去思考自己的将来。

D 若before 一词理解对了,就能得知与继父是在一段时间相处之后才适应了对方。

C 是根据原文判断出,两年来随着家庭搬迁,曾连续在三个学校就读。

四、猜测词义题。

即要求对文章中个别关键词,难词作出解释。这就要求对通篇文章有较透彻的理解。这类题旨在考查学生根据上下文对灵活变化的词义做出理解判断的能力。常见问题形式有:

①From the context(上下文),we can guess that the word "xx" means....

②The author uses the word "..." to mean...

③The term "..." means ....

④According to the passage,"XX"probably means....

猜测词义题的解题技巧:

(1)必须熟练掌握英语科新课程考试大纲中列出的约3500个词汇与一定数量的短语。(2)掌握必要的解题技巧。由于所考单词的意义通常超出大纲,所以根据上下文推断词汇的能力显得尤其重要。

(3)上下文可找到替换词。

例如:(2009天津,B)

By saying "language is the tool of my trade",the auther means that____

A she uses English in foreign trade

B she is fascinated by languages

C she works as a translator

D she is a writer by profession

解题:由文章第一句话I am a writer.和第一段的内容,以及此句的tool(profession 职业,行业,谋生手段)可知,她是个作家。trade 在大纲要求3500个词汇中,且联系上下文便可知,此处是指以写作谋生。

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高中阅读理解题型解读(教师版) (一)阅读是获得更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段,考生在做阅读理解时,不仅要看懂文章的字面意思,还需要针对不同题材和体裁的篇目运用不同的方法作出正确的选择。一般来说,词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要且有相互联系的因素。 阅读的方法可以使用以下几种: 1.跳读:就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读,找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。 2.略读:指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读,目的是了解大意,对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。 3.精读:即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法,目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。 在使用阅读技巧时尽量做到以下几点: 1.带着问题阅读短文。 2.找出主题句、确定中心思想。 3.推断单词、句子和文章的含义。 4.尽快选择答案。 (二)不同体裁文章的特点及解题技巧 1.记叙文 记叙文又可分传记类和故事类。传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键,根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件,抓住文章的主要内容。故事类文章情节性较强,阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件,这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息,对于准确理解文章十分重要。 2.说明文 说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍,解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多,主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。 ●数字说明文 在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义,从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。 ●解释说明文 解释说明文着重说明事物的本质、特征和功用等。许多科普文章都属于这一类。在阅读这类文章时要学会解决what, how, why 等一类的问题。它们是文章的关键。如能带着这些问题阅读,将会更迅速抓住文章的主题。 ●比较说明文 比较说明文是通过对比方法说明问题。在阅读这类文章时要善于把握全篇陈述的基本倾向。作者在谈论一个有争议的问题时总要顾及到争议的各个方面。但是,在一般情况下,作者的陈述总要倾向于某一种观点。 3.应用文 应用文涉及的范围比较广,包括广告、通知、书信等。应用文一般语言简洁,省略及不规范的句子较多。阅读时一般要求考生全面掌握文章中提供的信息,并运用这些信息去解决问题。因此对题干的理解尤为重要。 阅读理解的考题分为客观理解题(是指在短文中客观存在的事实,客观信息的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。即理解文中的具体事实或抽象概念)和主观理解题(这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案,须通过阅读文章对文章主旨和深层含义有更深理解,并据此进行判断和推理)。其中细节理解题和猜测词义题属于客观题;主旨大意题和推理判断题属于主观题。针对不同类型的题目,要在平时的练习过程中,结合具体的题目,给学生进行解题方法

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