2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英 语(江苏卷)

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（江苏卷）

第二节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题l分，满分20分)

请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

I was required to read one of Bernie Siegel’s books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on. The stories of his unconventional 36 and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so 37 to me and had such a big 38 on how I saw life from then on. Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again to 39 my own cancer experience?

I’m an ambi tious 40 , and when I started going through chemo（化疗）, even though I’m a very 41 person, I lost my drive to write. I was just too tired and not in the 42 . One day, while waiting to go in for 43 , I had one of Dr. Bernie’s books in my hand. Another patient 44 what I was reading and struck up a conversation with me 45 he had one of his books with his as well. It 46 that among other things, he was an eight-year-old writer. He was 47 a published author, and he was currently 48 on a new book.

We would see each other at various times and 49 friends. Sometimes he wore a duck hat, and I would tell myself, he was definitely a(n) 50 of Dr. Bernie. He really put a 51 on my face. He unfortunately 52 last year due to his cancer, 53 he left a deep impression on and gave me the 54 to pick up my pen again. I 55 to myself, “ If he can do it, then so can I.”

36. A. tastes B. ideas C. notes D. memories

37. A. amazing B. shocking C. amusing D. strange

38. A. strike B. push C. challenge D. impact

39. A. learn from B. go over C. get through D. refer to

40. A. reader B. writer C. editor D. doctor

41. A. positive B. agreeable C. humorous D. honest

42. A. mood B. position C. state D. way

43. A. advice B. reference C. protection D. treatment

44. A. viewed B. knew C. noticed D. wondered

45. A. while B. because C. although D. providing

46. A. came out B. worked out C. proved out D. turned out

47. A. naturally B. merely C. hopefully D. actually

48. A. deciding B. investing C. working D. relying

49. A. became B. helped C. missed D. visited

50. A. patient B. operator C. fan D. publisher

51. A. sign B. smile C. mark D. mask

52. A. showed up B. set off C. fell down D. passed away

53. A. since B. but C. so D. for

54. A. guidance B. trust C. opportunity D. inspiration

55. A. promised B. swore C. thought D. replied

第三部分：阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)

请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

●Arrive with nothing that can harm New Zealand

If you are arriving from overseas, bring no food, animal or plant material into the country. If in doubt declare it to the Customs.

● Protect plants and animals

Never allow dogs or other pets to run freely in areas of nesting birds, other wildlife, or where signposted.

●Get rid of rubbish

Always get rid of your rubbish properly and recycle waste (e.g. glass, paper) where possible.

●Be considerate with other waste

If using a portable toilet always throw away your toilet waste at a proper waste station. In the back country, bury your toilet waste in a shallow hole away from waterways.

● Keep New Zealand’s water clean

Because soaps and other wastes can harm waterways, be careful your washing water doesn’t pollute the sea, lakes and rivers.

● Take care with fire

Always observe district fire bans. Be careful if you smoke or have an outdoor fire or barbecue---make sure ashes are cold before leaving.

● Camp or picnic carefully

When camping or picnicking, use facilities provided.

● Keep to the track

Keep to the track , where one exists, so you lessen the chance of damaging fragile plants.

● Be considerate

When driving, minimize noise and observe no smoking signs.

56. According to the code, visitors should act_____________________.

A. with care and respect

B. with relief and pleasure

C. with caution and calmness

D. with attention and observation

57. What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand?

A. Take your own camping facilities.

B. Bury glass far away from rivers.

C. Follow the track for the sake of plants.

D. Observe signs to approach nesting birds.

In the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like company and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole. Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reveals that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration(含量)of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.

Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substance to escape into the environment.

Creating products out of the raw materials creates much more waste material, up 100 types more, than the material contained the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装)it came up. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.

The U.S Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “ the production, distribution, and use of products--- as well as management of the resulting waste--- all result in greenhouse gas release”. Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start---- for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.

In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as a incentive(动机) for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packing they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place? Governments’ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packing they produ ce is usually based on money, why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(气泡垫) that encased your television?

From the governments’ point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of wste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.

58. By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that_________.

A. the weight of e-goods is rather small

B. e-waste deserves to be made good use of

C. natural minerals contain more precious metals

D. the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste

59. The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended_________.

A. form producers to governments

B. from governments to producers

C. from individuals to distributors

D. from distributors to governments

60. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. the increase of e-waste

B. the creation of e-waste

C. the seriousness of e-waste

D. the management of e-waste

C

Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.

Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researcher have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness to expand the urge to experiencing and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions don’t meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.

People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g. “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g. “I volunteer because I’m required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a trust.

Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they … volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 23% volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to im portant practical advice. The researchers note that attraction should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situation or provide them with for coping with the problem they do experience”.

Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degrees to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer word. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role matters by responding to statements such as “V olunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, the y formed a positive correlation(正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. There results, once again, lead to concrete advice, “Once an individual begins volunteering continued efforts on focus on devel oping a volunteer role identity … Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.

61. people volunteer mainly out of __________

A. academic requirements

B. social expectation

C. financial rewards

D. internal needs

62. what can we learn from the Florida study?

A. follow up studies should last for one year

B. volunteers should get mentally prepared

C. strategy training is a must in research

D. volunteers are provided with concrete advice

63. what is most likely to motivate the volunteers to continue their work?

A. Individual differences in role identity

B. Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts

C. Role identity as a volunteer

D. Practical advice from researchers

64. what is the best title of the passage?

A. How to Get People to V olunteer

B. How to Study V olunteer Behaviors

C. How to Keep Volunteers’ Interest

D. How to Organize Volunteer Activities

D Freedom and Responsibility

Freedom’s challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.

Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.

In Greece, in Athens (雅典), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert. The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.

But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole stat e. It had been the Athenian’s pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them. What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.

Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility. There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms.

Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility, she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.

But, “the excellent becomes the permanent,” Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forev er, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to “the capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government.” No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man’s thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action, only sure that it will do so sometimes.

65.What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Countries where their people need help.

B. Powerful states with higher civilization.

C. Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.

D. Governments ruled with absolute power.

66.People believing in freedom are those who _____.

A. regard their life as their own business

B. seek gains as their primary object

C. behave within the laws and value systems

D. treat others with kindness and pity

67.What change in attitude took place in Athens?

A. The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.

B. The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.

C. The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.

D. The Athenians looked on the government as a business.

68.What does teh sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean?

A. Athens would continue to be free.

B. Athens would cease to have freedom.

C. Freedom would come from responsibility.

D. Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.

69.Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?

A. The author is hopeful about freedom.

B. The author is cautious about self-government.

C. The author is skeptical of Greek civilization.

D. The author is proud of man’s capacity.

70.What is the author’s understanding of freedom?

A. Freedom can be more popular in the digital age.

B. Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.

C. Freedom should have priority over responsibility.

D. Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.

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