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新托福写作怎样用词才漂亮

新托福写作的评分标准和雅思写作的评分标准基本相似，在语言上的考察点也很高，所以新托福考试在语言上一定要引起高度的重视。词汇的重要性，包括遣词和造句两个方面。这一系列中，朗阁海外考试研究中心写作组的专家将为大家介绍其中之一，如何达到遣词的高分。

遣词要做到恰当、有变化及具体表达

I 恰当

所谓恰当，除了拼写准确外，主要是体现在搭配恰当上。例如，修饰名词的形容词和名词必须搭配恰当，动词和宾语必须搭配恰当。此外，写作时不能完全依赖翻译，尤其是词不达意的翻译。否则，很有可能出现了错误的搭配，导致考官无法理解，下面是朗阁海外考试研究中心总结的一些常见的搭配错误：

1. prompt &promote

不少考生没法区分两个词prompt（促使）和promote（促进）之间的区别。我们通过两个句子来看一下。错误用法：There are three factors that promote people to go abroad.

正确用法：There are three factors that prompt people to go abroad.

2. enrich & make … prosper

有些学生将enrich 理解为“使富裕”，虽然不能说全错，但是现在主要的意思是“使丰富”，如词组：enrich one’s experience。

错误用法：Factories, which enrich the remote areas for example, may also lead to environmental problems.

正确用法：Factories which make the remote areas prosper, for example, may also lead to environmental problems.

3. train & develop

表示“培养，养成”等意思时，容易不假思索地使用train，但是正确的词汇是develop, cultivate, nurture等。如：

错误用法：The younger generations are hoped to train their independence as soon as possible.

正确用法：The younger generations are hoped to develop their independence as soon as possible.

II 有变化

所谓有变化，就是指考生在写作中，一个词最好只出现一次，第二次或后几次出现时用其他的词来替换。替换的方法有同义词，语法结构的变化，以及下义词等方法。下面朗阁海外考试研究中心将为考生们一一讲解。

1. 同义词

关于老年人的话题在新托福考试中曾经出现过，情况对“老年人”的多样表达：

the elderly, the old, the aged, ageing population, the retired, senior citizens

下面是新托福材料中，摘抄的两段话，非常形象的体现了一个词的多样表达，先看第一段，请大家注意“奇怪的”这个词在这一段话中的使用：

Certainly no creature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber. All living creatures, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets?

又如，在下文中，四个词形式不同，但都是“显著的”意思。

In 1900, the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents---New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The newer ones experienced remarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the economy. The population of Los Angeles(114000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the early decades of the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1400 percent from 1900 to 1930. A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles.

为了做到用词有变化，朗阁海外考试研究中心为大家列举了托福写作中最常用的一些词的同义表达：

同意v : accede to, agree with/on, approve of, consent to, subscribe to, side with

认为v: consider, deem, figure, reckon, believe, think, say, hold, claim, assume, argue, maintain, contend, assert, state, declare

影响n: impact, influence, effect, implication, affection

因素n : factor, contributor, ingredient, element

促进v: enhance, improve, promote, boost，advance, further

培养v: cultivate, foster, develop, nurture

重要的adj: important, critical, crucial, major, essential, vital, main, pivotal

明显的adj: manifest, apparent, evident, obvious

大量的: myriads of, a host of, a multitude of, a great deal of, a vast number of(+cn) , a vast amount of (+un), a plenty of, a wide range of, a great variety of

2. 语法结构的变化

语法的变化指的是，将一个词从语法结构上做一个变化来体现多样性，常见的有词性变化，从句和分词的转变等等。请看下面的例子：

energy consumption = energy which is consumed = energy consumed

the production of ozone-damaging gases

= the amount of gases which are produced to damage the ozone layer

3. 下义词

所谓下义关系，亦称种属关系，就是指几个单词的词义属于另一个词的词义范畴。充分利用下义关系是强化单词记忆的好方法，这在复习阶段尤其如此。

1). Color

其下义词有：white, black, red, green, yellow, blue, brown, orange等；

2). Subject

的下义词有：maths, physics, chemistry, politics, Chinese, biology等；

3). profession

其下义词有：doctor, teacher, accountant, president, lawyer等；

4). means of transportation

其下义词有：car, bus, subway, bicycle, ship等。

以上介绍的三种方法对考生的同意转换能力提供参考。

III 具体表达

中国学生对词汇的运用或观点的表达都喜欢用笼统的概括的表达方法，然而这和新托福的用词要求是不吻合的。外国人在表示任何一个对象的时候都是非常具体的。

1). 笼统：This room is good.

具体：The room is clean, spacious and well-decorated.

第一句很空洞，说完后不会给人留下任何印象，是一句废话，然而第二句胜在具体，能够将房间具体好在哪些方面反映出来，这也是新托福写作所要求的具体表达。

2). 笼统: It is said that a magnificent building was destroyed yesterday.

具体: The local news says that the University Inn was burnt down last night.

第一句的笼统在两个词，一是magnificent，二是was destroyed，如果将这个楼和被破坏的具体方式体现出来，会更生动形象。

电影与雅思如何密不可分

摘要：多看电影，有利于考生们首先对于雅思口语和实践能力的提升，另外从电影反映内容来看易于雅思考生将其作为雅思写作思路的重要来源，并从中搜寻一些合适的词语和观点。,

常听到有同学发问“老师，怎么样才能最轻松、最有效率最有成效地进行雅思复习呢？外语学习其实真的有些枯燥”，笔者走访朗阁雅思培训学校时培训老师如是说，“其实，因为雅思考试可能区别于母语的学习有一个枯燥的学习阶段，但是寓学于乐的方法也比较多。众所周知的就是多听说，实践总比理论来的实在。并且多看英文电影，也容易为自己的雅思写作积累话题，是个不错的学习方式。”

为了方便广大考生更好地进入雅思复习，朗阁海外考试研究中心整理出了雅思考试写作话题积累与看电影之间的关联，以供各位考生考试复习参考。电影自发明之初就成为当代人认知世界、了解自身的利器，它通过某个特定的视角或主观或冷静反映了社会的不同侧面。每年雅思写作涉及媒体方面的考题不是太多，考察重点较为集中，以讨论电视、广告及包括因特网在内的新闻媒体对现代社会及观念的影响为主。

电影电视的作用在现代世界看来是愈来愈重要，一定程度上甚至成为了人们生活的重心，一回家就摁动遥控器这才是休闲娱乐的方式。不可否认的是，电视对人们形成对事物的观点和看法具有不可替代的重要性，人们每天接收世界各地的最新消息，了解外面世界的文化都是通过这个窗口实现的，雅思命题者敏锐地捕捉到了这一点，并在题目中有所体现。

比如2007年12月15日的雅思考题：

Today，it is common that TV news programmes show the images of disasters and violence to the public. Discuss the reasons and the effects on individuals and the society。

又如2008年5月10日的雅思考题：

Children can learn efficiently by watching television，so they should be encouraged to watch television regularly both at home and in school. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

再看2010年3月27日的雅思考题：

Studies suggest that children spend more time on watching TV than they did in the past and spend less on doing active or creative things. Why do you think this is a case? What measurement and methods can be used to tackle with it?

以上考题围绕电视展开，涉及电视节目内容、看电视的益处及电视对人们创造力的影响等多个或好或坏的方面。诚然，新闻媒体提供了最及时的信息，但由于利益问题或是其所代表的利益集团使然，新闻媒体中的一些报道带有一定的主观性，甚至提供歪曲夸大的消息以取得噱头，我们要将其收为我用而非被它所奴役。此外，一些新现象也体现了老观点，大量商业片植入广告以获得更多资金支持，反映了广告对于媒体对于社会对于受众的巨大影响，对我们雅思考试中雅思写作的观点提供了思路和来源。

综合上述讨论我们不难得知电影作为一种媒体，是反映现实生活中人们思想的载体。所以多看电影，有利于考生们首先对于雅思口语和实践能力的提升，另外从电影反映内容来看易于雅思考生将其作为雅思写作思路的重要来源，并从中搜寻一些合适的词语和观点。,总而言之，朗阁海外考试研究中心希望以上总结能对雅思考生们复习有所帮助！

比如2007年12月15日的雅思考题：

Today，it is common that TV news programmes show the images of disasters and violence to the public. Discuss the reasons and the effects on individuals and the society。

又如2008年5月10日的雅思考题：

Children can learn efficiently by watching television，so they should be encouraged to watch television regularly both at home and in school. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

再看2010年3月27日的雅思考题：

对于很多考生来说，雅思考试流程图写作部分就好比是噩梦一般，今天朗阁海外考试研究中心心的专家将结合范例真题为烤鸭们强化流程图写作技巧，以帮助大家克服恐惧，摘得写作高分。

一、流程图写作特点及写作要点：

很多同学对流程图产生了十分恐惧的心理，一旦考到流程图就会抱怨自己的运气有多糟糕。但事实上，只要把握流程图写作的几大要领，流程图将不再可怕。以下，朗阁海外考试研究中心写作组的专家总结了流程图写作的几个要点供考生参考：

1. 找到流程图的过程，起点，终点。

2. 找到图上标出的已知动作，如果出现生词，尽量猜测。无词，用自己的语言。

3. 按照步骤，分段描述，千万不能省略任何一步。

4. 切记！加入流畅合理的表示顺序的关联词。

5. 句型以主动为主，搭配被动，以及主语从句（例如：It can be seen from the graph th at…）。

6. 时态要使用一般现在时。

例文分析：

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The illustrations below show how chocolate is produced.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features.

Write at least 150 words.

【高分范文及深度点评】

The diagram shows the stages in the process of making chocolate.【所有的小作文第一句话都要用一般现在时。流程图必备三个词：process整个过程；stage阶段；step步骤】

Chocolate comes from the cacao tree, which is grown in parts of South America, Africa and Indonesia.【开头不能一上来就直接介绍cacao tree，而是通过主题词chocolate引出，否则显得太唐突】

【流程图特点之一：介绍过程要使用一般现在时】

【流程图特点之二：大量使用定语从句，将有关联的两句话连接。】

【流程图特点之三：大量使用被动语态】The tree produces large red pods which contain white cocoa beans.

Firstly,【流程图特点之四：使用一些表示顺序的连接词】when the pods are ripe, they are harvested, the beans are removed and they are fermented for several days in large wooden boxes.【三个句子的并列：“句子A，句子B and 句子C”。】

During the fermenting process, the beans turn brown.

【流程图特点之五：要适当地添加个别图中没有交代但能从图片中直接读出来的一些内容，否则可能达不到字数要求。但是一定要把握尺度，千万不要加上自己的主观观点，否则会扣分】

Next, the brown beans are spread in the sun to dry. They are then put in large sacks and transported by train or lorry. After this, the beans are taken to a chocolate factory where they are roasted in an oven at temperatures of between 250 and 350 degree Celsius.

After being roasted, the beans are crushed and the outer shell is removed. This part is not needed for making chocolate. Finally, the inner part of the bean is pressed and liquid chocolate is produced.

【流程图特点之六：一般不需要写总结】

雅思流程图范文《砖块的制作》（含9分范文及考官点评）

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram below shows the process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry.

Summarise the information by selecting a nd reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Brick manufacturing

* Clay: type of sticky earth that is used for making bricks, pots, etc.

【满分范文】

The process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry can be outlined in seven consecutive steps. First the raw material, clay, which was just below the surface of soil in certain clay-rich areas has to be dug up by a digger.

Then the lumps of clay are placed on a metal grid in order to break up the big chunks of clay into much smaller areas, which fall through the metal grid onto a roller, whose motion further segregates the bits of clay. Sand and water are added to make a homogenous mixture, which is then either formed in moulds or cut into brick-shaped pieces by means of a wire cutter.

Those fresh bricks are then kept in a drying oven for at least 24 and a maximum of 48 hours, several dozens if not hundreds of bricks at a time. The dried bricks are then transferred to a

so-called kiln, another type of high temperature oven. First they are kept at a moderate temperature of 200 ℃ -1300 ℃. This process is followed by cooling down the finished bricks for 48 to 72 hours in a cooling chamber.

Once the bricks have cooled down and have become hard, they get packaged and delivered to their final destination, be it a building site or storage.

(215 words)

【考官评语】

Band 9

This response fully satisfies the requirements of the task. All key features of each stage of the process are appropriately and accurately presented. An excellent overview is given at the beginning of the response and this skilfully incorporates part of the rubric, changing the grammatical function, to give a brief summary of the whole process. The message is very easy to read, with seamless cohesion that attracts no attention. Paragraphing, linking and referencing are all skilfully managed. The language used is very fluent and sophisticated. A wide range of vocabulary and structures are used with full flexibility and accuracy. Only rare minor ‘slips’ can be found and these do not detract from the high rating.

二、雅思流程图的重点词汇解析：

表述时间：

in 10 days

during the period of 10 days

The process lasts for up to 10 days

after 10 days

10 days passed until something happened.

表示然后：then, next, in the next state, following that, after that, the next step in the stage is ....

表示过程：process, procedure, formation, development

表示步骤：step, stage, phase

时间阶段：after a period of …months/days/minutes, during…

顺序连词：first, first of all, in the first stage, initially, to begin with

second, then, next, also

after that, at the same time, in the meantime, meanwhile

prior to, until

the first stage involves … / in the second stage / in the third stage /

in the last stage / The next step in the stage is that….

目的连词：in order to / in order that; so as to / so that

常见动词：

produce生产, lay放置, accumulate积累, gather/collect收集, obtain获得, heat up加热,expand膨胀, bend弯曲, turn off关闭, cool down冷却, disconnect断开连接, spin旋转/纺, strike打击, compress压缩, release释放, expand膨胀, move/flow流动, accelerate加速, form形成, press按压, adjust调整, absorb吸收, form形成, process加工, rotate旋转, chop坎, grind磨（碎）/碾（碎）, light 点燃, burn燃烧, ignite点燃, reflect反光, turn转, starts开始, stops结束, records录音, turns up调高, turns down调低,winds缠绕, unwinds解开, revolves旋转, fold折叠, unfold打开, reverse颠倒/倒转,adapt适应, adjust调整, alter改变, cure治愈, disappear消失, dissolve溶化/解散,exchange交换, expand扩张/膨胀, fade退色, increase增长, promote促进/升职,reduce减少, renew使更新/使恢复, renovate革新/更新/修复, replace取代, swell肿胀, switch改变, transform完全改变, vary改

变, swap交换, shrink收缩, melt溶解,heal/cure治愈, form/come into being/take shape形成, produce 生产, gain/get/acquire获取, evaporate蒸发, volatilize挥发, draw提取, recycle回收, extract拔, absorb吸收, collect收集, meet相遇, be made up of由...组成, be made of由...制成, be made from

由…制成, feed on以...为食, depend on/rely on依赖, release/send out释放, sort分类, separate分开, conveyed运送, cut into切成, poured into倒入, heated加热,melted into融化成, flows into流入

妙语连珠非难事钻石词句来支招

来源：朗阁教育集团编辑：托福速递员发布日期:2012-02-13

摘要：新托福口语考试task 2对考生极具挑战性的一点是，考生几乎没有深入思考的时间，在短短的15秒钟之后就必须开始说话。并且整段回答内容必须是非常具有逻辑性的一个整体

根据多年的新托福教学经验，新托福考试听说读写四个部分中，口语是中国考生最为薄弱的部分。很多学生在阅读部分能够轻松得到高分，但口语只有悲惨的十几分。究其原因，一方面是由于我国的英语教育一向以来轻应用而重应试。另一方面是由于对于这种考试的要求和难点没有进行充分的了解和准备。

想要破解新托福口语部分难点，我们必须把新托福口语六部分进行详细的剖析，以找出其解题要诀。

新托福口语的task 2以生活类话题为主，是属于托福口语考题中较为简单的一种。这个task的题目并不涉及到阅读和听力短文，学生只需回答听到的问题即可，从题型上来看，比较接近task 1。学生会有15秒的准备时间和45秒的回答时间。但是，和task 1不同的是，这道考题并不是单纯的就一个话题进行论述，而是给出两种观点，考生就这两种观点发表自己的看法，并且通常需要给出自己的偏向。在论述的过程中，考生能否给出具有说服力的理由是得分的关键。其实这部分的考题非常类似于雅思大作文task 2的考题的出题形式，并且在回答思路上也是非常相近的。

新托福task 2虽然仍然属于生活类话题，但话题的覆盖面还是相当广的。常见的有：媒体类、教育类、环境类、抽象类、工作类、休闲娱乐类、生活类、地点类等。所以，我们在复习时首先要了解这些话题之下的常用词和和句型。这些都是口语表述的基础，没有词句，就是有在好的想法也无法用英语有效的表达清楚。比如在谈论教育类考题时，常用的动词和动词词组有：evaluate, standardize, judge, benefit, work efficiently, design, compare, eliminate等，而常用的名词及词组有：performance, standardized tests, criteria, goal, score, admission, basis, evaluation, standardized scale, educational system, supervisor等。在表述的过程中，最为重要的就是动词和名词，这些都是句子构成的重要元素。

应对这样的考题有很多种方式和结构，在这里，朗阁海外考试研究中心推荐给大家一种较为简单的结构。首先先给出一个让步，即先就自己不同意的意见进行论述，并阐明这种观点的可取之处。为了方便大家理解，我们在这里就一道真题来给大家举出一个回答范例的思路：

Some people like to watch the news on television. Other people prefer to read the news in a newspaper. Still others use their computers to get the news. How do you prefer to be informed about the news and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.

首先，我们可以使用一些典型的让步信号词，如：although, though, despite, in spite of, admittedly, it is true that等来提示让步。接着，给出让步内容。如我们想要表述的观点是：prefer to get news on TV and on computer，那么我们需要先论述的是自己不同意的这个观点，即：read news in a newspaper。首先可以给出从报纸新闻的优点来作为一个让步内容，如：contain some information that’s limited to local interests 等。随后即可转而论述报纸新闻的不足之处，如：take long to produce, stories could have changed, important news could have happened minutes after the newspaper is delivered等。可供接出不足之处的常用结构有：the problem associated with…is that…, the problem with…is that…, the disadvantages are…, the downside of…is that…等。

有了这一段作为铺垫，我们就可以非常自然的提出自己的观点。即，正是由于以上提到的种种问题，所以我倾向于另一种观点。要表明自己的观点，也就是告诉考官自己偏向于那种意见，在表述时，可以用I think it’s good to…, I prefer to…, in my opinion…, personally, I think…, on my part…, from my point of view等，这些相信大家已经是非常之熟悉了。随后，正如上文中已经讲到的，给出合理的有说服力的理由是非常重要的，所以在此马上要给出理由，可以用because, since, as, for, because of, due to, owing to, the reason is that, it is because等词来接出理由。

比如上面这道题让步结束之后马上就可以给出自己的观点，也就是：prefer to get news on TV and on computer，然后给出理由，如：watch the international news on TV at night for the most current information, click on one of the web sites that offer the most recent updates of the lead stories等。

最后，为了使回答完整，可以用一句话来概括一下自己这段话的中心内容，来作为有效的结尾。比如在这道题中，我们可以说：In order to stay current locally and internationally, I usually take advantage of the best aspects of all the news media.

朗阁海外考试研究中心提醒考生们特别值得注意的是，一个好的回答必须满足如下几条打分标准：

The talk answers the topic question.

The point of view or position is clear.

The talk is direct and well-organized.

The sentences are logically connected.

Details and examples support the main idea.

The speaker expresses complete thoughts.

The meaning is easy to comprehend.

A wide range of vocabulary is used.

There are only minor errors in grammar.

The talk is within a range of 125-150 words.

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