定语从句

重点词汇对比定语从句讲析



重点词汇对比
1. contain; include
(1 ) Sea water ____ salt.
(2) You made quite a few mistakes, ____ some spelling mistakes and a few
grammatical ones.
讲解：
（1）contains（2）including。contain着重指“包含、含有”，而include则着重指“包括”。在第（2）题里，including是-ing形式在句中作状语。
2. advise doing sth.; advise sb. to do sth.
(1) I advised ____ (put) off the sports meeting because of the rain.
(2) You may advise him_____ (give) up the idea, but you can’t manage to
change his mind.
讲解：
（1）putting（2）to give。习惯用法：advise doing sth. “建议做……”；advise sb. to do
sth.“建议某人做某事”。有类似用法的动词还有allow，permit，forbid等。
3. hurt; wound; injure
(1) Hundreds of soldiers were killed in the battle, while many more were
_____.
(2) He was badly _____ in that accident and is still lame(瘸) in the left
leg.
(3) I fell off the bike and _______ myself badly. So my waist(腰) often
_____.
讲解：
（1）wounded（2）injured（3）hurt；hurts。三个词都可以表示“受伤”，但wound尤其指在战争中受伤（如刀伤、枪伤等）；injure指广义的“损伤”，尤其用于指在事故中受伤；hurt可指精神或肉体上的“伤害”，作不及物动词时表示“（某部位）疼痛”。
4. a bit; a little
(1) Be careful with your eyes. You’re already _____ near-sighted.
(2) Seeing the office was in a mess, the boss got not _____ angry.
(3) Don't advise me to rest any more; I am not _____ tired really.
讲解：
（1）a bit/ a little（2）a little （3）a bit。a bit和a
little都可用来修饰形容词或副词的原级和比较级，但not a bit表示“一点也不”；not a little表示“非常；十分”。
5. in future; in the future
(1) No one knows what will happen ____.
(2) Having experienced a painful failure, I'll never make such mistakes
____ any more.
讲解：
（1）in the future （2）in future。二者意思有别：in the future表示“在将来，未来”；in
future表示“从今以后，今后”。
6. at the end of; in the end; by the end of
(1) Walk along the street, and _____ it you’ll find the right hotel.
(2) ____the year 2009, the Three Gorges Dam will have been completed.
(3) Although he had many failures, he was successful _____.
讲解：
（1）at the end of （2）By the end of （3）in the end。at the end
of“在……的尽头，在……结束时”；in the end“最后，终于”；by the end of“到……结束时”，通常与过去或将来完成时连

用。
7. collect; gather
(1) China Red Cross has ____ more than 2,230,000 yuan for the people of
flood-stricken areas.
(2) The wind is ____ clouds; a rainstorm is on the way.
(3) We'll ____ at the school gate at 8 o'clock tomorrow morning.
讲解：
（1）collected（2）gathering（3）gather。两者都可以表示“收集”。collect强调有选择的收集，同时也可以表示“筹集资金”；gather表示把零散的东西收集到一块儿，意为“收集、收拢、聚集”，可引申为“集合”。
8. increase; add
(1) Travel ____ one’s knowledge of the world and world and nature.
(2) The sight of his children who didn't even know their mother had died
____ to his grief(悲伤).
(3) Would the program be too long if we ____ two items(项目)(to it)?
讲解：
（1）increases（2）added（3）added。increase“增加；增长；扩大”，可作及物或不及物动词。add意为“添加”，习惯表达有：add
sth. to…“把某物加到……上”；add to“增加”。
9. until; till
(1) He remained true to the cause of the Party ____ death.
(2) It was not ____ the newspaper office telephoned him that he knew there
was something wrong with his e-mail box.
(3) To support herself and finish her college study, she had to work from
morning ____night.
讲解：
（1）till/until（2）until（3）till/until。表示“直到……(为止)”，两者用法基本相同。
until是书面语，口语中多用till。此外，在not until…结构中，不能用till代替until；用于句首时，只能用until。
10. one day; some day
(1) _____ he happened to see the employment notice and decided to try his
fortune.
(2)Zhang Xueliang said to the students, “We’re sure to fight back to our
hometown_______!”
讲解：
（1）One day（2）one day/someday。指过去的某一天时，只能用one day；指将来的某一天时，两者都可以用，但one
day显得语气要肯定一些。
11. because; because of
(1) ____ what he had done to her, she decided to break away from him.
(2) He even has no spare time to get together with his family ____ he’s
carrying out some special research work.
讲解：
（1）Because of（2）because。because是连词，引导原因状语从句；because
of是复杂介词，后面跟名词、代词或从句作宾语。
12. dress; wear; put on; have on
(1) Some boys have the habit of ____ earrings and necklaces.
(2) There's no need for you to____ your son. After all, he’s already 6
years old.
(3) The gentleman ____ in a grey suit is a foreign teacher employed by
our school.
(4) Be quick to, ________the dress. You look really nice while ____ it

____!
讲解：
（1）wearing（2）dress（3）dressed（4）put
on；having；on。四个词(组)都可以表示“穿”，各自的惯用法和使用特点是：be dressed in(some)
clothes“穿着(某种)衣服”；wear(some)
clothes“穿着(某种)衣服”，可用于进行时态，还可以表示“蓄胡须；蓄头发”以及“戴戒指和耳环等首饰”；have…on“穿着
(某种)衣服”；前面三者都表示状态。dress sb.“给某人穿衣服”；put on“穿上(衣服)；戴上(帽子)”等，二者都表示动作行为。
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/30407330.html,c out; come up; come at
(1) He ____ to me and asked, “When will your new selected works of poems
____?”
(2) Some dogs will ____ people without making any sound.
讲解：
（1）came up；come out（2）come at。come out基本含义是“出来”，可引申为“出版；发行；开花”等；come
up“走上前来；长出来”；come at“向……扑来”。
14. sound; sound like
(1) The earthquake ____ the armies fighting on the battle.
(2) Your theory ____ exciting, but I wonder if it’s practical at present.
讲解：
（1）sounded like（2）sounds。这里sound是系动词，表示“听起来……”，后面可接形容词或名词作表语，而sound
like表示“听起来像……”，后必须接名词或相当于名词的短语作宾语。
定语从句讲析
一、考查关系代词与关系副词的选用。
1．I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together. (改错题)
[讲析]：
根据句意可知，引导词在定语从句中充当及物动词spent的宾语，故应将关系到词when改为关系代词that／which或去掉。
2．I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.（改错题）
[讲析]：
此题包含一个由where引导的非限制性定语从句，其引导词应在从句中充当主语，故应将关系副词where改为关系代词which。
二、考查关系代词和which的用法。例如：
l．All ______ is needed is a supply of oil.
A. the thing B. that C. what D. which
[讲析]：
当先行词是all时，定语从句的引导词应用that。故答案为B。
2．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ______,
of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
[讲析]：
此题包含一个非限制性定语从句，引导词指代前面整句话，在从句中充当主语。故答案为B。
三、考查“介词／介词短语+引导词”引导定语从句时介词或引导词的选用。例如：
1．In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person______ she could turn
for help.
A. that B. who. C. for whom D. to whom

[讲析]：
此题包含一个含有固定短语“turn to sb. for help”的定语从句，同时“介词 +引导词”提到了从句句首，先行词指人。故答案为D。
2．You are limited to a certain number, of that some may be
novels.（改错题）
[讲析]：
此题中“of
+引导词”引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词number。跟在介词后面作其宾语的引导词不能用that，指物时要用which。故应将that改为which。
四、考查“whose +名词”引导的定语从句。例如：
Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ______ leading actor is world famous?
A. its B. it’s C. whose D. which
[讲析]：
此题中的定语从句修饰先行词the film“Titanic”，且leading缺少定语，故答案为C。“whose +名词”也可用“the + 名词
+ of which”或with短语代替。如上句可改写为：
l） Have you seen the film Titanic , the leading actor of which is world
famous?
2）Have you seen the film “Titanic”, with a world famous (leading)
actor?
五、考查as引导的定语从句。例如：
l．Robert is good at languages, ______we all know.
A. that B. as C. when D. what
[讲析]：
此题包含一个由as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句，意为“正如……”，“正像……”，as在从句中充当宾语。故答案为B。
2．______ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once
every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
[讲析]：
非限制性定语从句置于句首，只能用as引导，故答案为B。
六、考查易混句型的区别。
考查并列句、强调句、地点状语从句、同位语从句和定语从句的区别是高考命题的热点。如：
1.Tom’ s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but
______didn't help.
A. he B. which C. she D. it
[讲析]：
此题是由并列连词but把两个独立分句连接而成的并列句。答案为D。
2.It is the ability to do the job ______matters, not where you come from
or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
[讲析]：
此处为一强调句型，强调的是句子的主语。如将“It is…that”去掉，句子仍然成立。答案为B。
3．You should make it a rule to leave things_________ you can find them
again.
A. when B. where C. that D. there
[讲析]：
此题包含一个由where引导的地点状语从句。where在从句中充当地点状语。答案为B。