新视野研究生英语读说写1课后练习题

Unit1

A、选词填空：

Assume specialist identity isolated disruptive update mobile academic ethnic realignment

1.The company has planned to strengthen its corporate ______

2.The results of this survey demonstrate clearly the fact that younger people are the most_______

3.More than 100 development groups throughout the world are working on the technology, many

of them attempting to ______ old designs to work with modern engines

4.But to ignore the evidence of differences in performance between gender or______groups can

lead to unjust treatment of individuals

5.I am pleased with the progress to date and I believe that you are not finding the process

too ______

6.The markets are smart enough to guests when a _____ is coming

7.You simply cannot______that because the report has been well received that it will

automatically produce action or a decision.

8.______ qualifications cannot be the only criteria in judging a person

9.If difficulties do arise during your time abroad, you may feel ______ and vulnerable to to

pressure both from local management and head office

10.Many museums employ ______ to offer teachers sample worksheets.

B、选择题

1.The country is heavily dependent on its oil exports

A, reliant on B. complaint with C, yielding to D. attached to

2.An alternative approach is to define words according to the sentence contexts in which they occur.

A. outline

B. explain

C. specify D, term

3.A second hospital has been accused of mixing up a baby’s name tag, making the mother fear she had the wrong child.

A, code B. paper C specify D label

4.The director will have to shift his roles and expectations when he’s asked by the rest of the board to answer criticism of company performance.

A. move B, stint C alter D transit

5, Japanese computer makers are turning to scientists overseas to help them develop software

and applications for massively parallel supercomputers.

A, heavily B immensely C, solidly D ponderously

6,There is also evidence that younger people expect to transfer the source of their main emotional support to their spouse when they marry

A, move…to B subtract…from C distract….from D, deflect….to

7.Psychometric tests which attempt to measure students’ ability to use the library have been developed and made use of primarily in the USA

A, arbitrate B. assess C. calculate D reckon

8.Consequently, the neighborhood they live in, the interests they have, the lifestyle of their friends and colleagues, will necessarily determine what reality is for the child

A, residential path B, residential street

C, residential district D residential part

9.The aim is to help participants identify their own learning needs in this area and then to suggest ways in which they can increase their knowledge

A, affirm B .confirm C assume D recognize

10.As we shall see later, they have been one of the factors that have helped to tip the economic balance firmly against the nuclear option

A .tilt B, incline C slide D slant

选词填空

adjust derive whole to work think not beyond thus competent less be pride off with human same tend with high

I remember viewing half a dozen men in a chair factory whose job was to bend several pieces

of steel and attach them so that a folding chair would result. The men knew they 1)______ good. When I talked with them, each expressed enormous 2)______ in being a part of the fastest, best team. And this sense of belonging 3) _______ an accomplished work group is one of the distinctive satisfactions of the world of 4) ____ .

Unlike many other aspects of life, relationships among people at work 5)________ to be simpler, less complicated, somewhat less emotional. This is 6)_______ to say there aren’t arguments and jealousies, but, on the 7)_________, behavioral research discloses that 8)______ relations at work are just easier, perhaps because they are more regular and predictable and

9)______ simpler to adjust to than the sporadic, the more intense and 10)___________ regular relationships in the community. And the work group also gently pressures its members to learn

how to 11)______ to one another so that the “rough edges” are worked 12)_____ because people

know they must do certain things 13)____ and through one another each day.

14)_____ the team and the work group, there is the organization, whether it be company or hospital or university. The 15)______ pride in being part of a well-coordinated, successful unit is 16)________ from being part of a larger collectivity. Working for a company that is 17)______ of as being part of the best in the community can provide employees 18)____ both status and self-confidence. They assume, usually with good reasons, that others regard them more 19)_______ , even envy them, and that they are more 20)___________ than the average because of this association with a “winner,” a prestigious institution.

1．餐饮行业与电影行业的共同之处在于其小型企业的失败率很高。

The restaurant industry has one thing in common with the film industry : the high failure rate among its small businesses.

2．他的伟大在于他具有非凡的能力把科学家和实业家的品质结合起来了。

His greatness lies in his outstanding ability to connect the qualities of a scientist with those of an industrialist.

3．像工作单位取代居住地一样，我们的种族身份已被职业身份所取代。这一现象在流动作业中表现地尤为明显。

We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity. the way we replaced neighborhoods with the workplace. which is quite obvious among the mobile professions. 4．显然，任何一家大公司的老板都不可能事事亲力亲为，需要找到一些方法把他们的理念传达给他人。

Plainly , in any large enterprise the boss cannot be directly involved in everything ,and some means have to be found to transfer his belief to others.

5．没有任何人愿意再过那各种自己无法控制、要别人认可、任人摆布的日子了。

No one was willing to experience the feeling of being out of control and dependent on someone else’s approval ,at someone else’s mercy

6．人们渴望一种成就感，渴望有能力凭自己的手、自己的脑、自己的意志办成事情。

The human being longs for a sense of being accomplished , of being able to do things with his hand , with his mind and with his will.

7．政府希望通过大量出售资产来弥补损失。

The government hopes that the sale of a chunk of its assets will help make up for its loss. 8．现代社会里人们的身份更多地由他们所从事的职业，而不是他们所生活的社区来界定。

In modern society , people are more likely to be identified by their professions , rather than by their communities

9．职业和工作在使人得到幸福与满足方面所起的作用比我们大多数人意识的要多得多。

Careers/jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment.

10．我们的确对这个事件进行了调查，但不会对正在进行的调查作任何评论。

We did have an investigation with regard to the issue, but we should not comment on it . Unit 2

Maxim roam hound vulgar preposterous vengeance

defect status quo gaudy exquisite concede satire

1.in the summer, I prefer____ on the field with my friends and enjoying the sunshine to staying

at home alone

2.we felt sorry for his trouble ,He was _____ by many creditors, losing all his property and

being discarded by his family.

3.Men love their ideas more than their lives. And the more _______ the idea, the more eager

they are to die for it

4.,I was so shocked when I found that the _____ imitation of the president and other officials

did please the well-educated audience and an understanding laugh broke out in the hall. 5.,Although many of us want to be perfect in all aspects , we need to admit that everyone has

his\her _____ and no one is impeccable

6. To take ______on Germany , at the end of World War II, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

bombed Berlin severely

7.To be a successful artist ,you need not only to have an ______ sense of color but also to

keep practicing as much as you can

8.When we visited the famous hall, we found that the _____decorations revealed the vulgar taste

of the house owner, who was a tycoon of housing industry

9. We all believe in the _______that actions speak louder than words

10. As a member from the conservative group ,this nominee was chosen since it had been widely

known that he would fight tooth and nail to maintain the __________ and make no change to the current policies

选择题

11,Don’t interrupt him, He is now working seriously on his dissertation that is due at the end of this semester

A. buckling down to B, buckling under

C, buckling up with D ,buckling to

12.He has a bad temper and always falls into a fury for the slightest reason, which makes him extremely unwelcome among all the friends

A, sadness B , depression C, an extreme anger D great disappointment

13.Through reading the novel ,the students realized that the hunchback’s hideous appearance could not conceal his noble characters

A, spectacular B, ugly and unpleasant

C. impressive D, striking and terrible

14,When the World War II broke out and the area was bombed severely ,many city dwellers had to move to the sticks and led a totally different life

A. small towns B, country areas C, surroundings D ,neighborhoods

15.In the general conference, his coarse speaking tone irritated the delegate from the neighboring country and then everyone was involved in a fierce debate

A ironic

B sarcastic

C ,angry D, rude

16. The police had to keep track of all the actions of the suspects in order to identify the real criminal

A. be informed about B be contacted with

C, follow up with D , take notice about

17.Confronted with all these evidences and the witnesses , the drunk driver conceded that it was he who caused the fatality of the 3 victims in the traffic accident

A, surrender B grand C, admit D yield

18.When famine and drought became more severe ,the president said he could not size up the whole situation and take any action unless he had received a complete report

A. bring up B, come up with C make up D make a judgment about

19.Gaping at the TV screen and watching the fire and smoke , the whole world was startled and could not believe the World Trade Center turned into ruins

A Looking

B Staring

C Glancing

D Watching

20.When thousands of bodies ,including those of women and children, were discovered in the forest ,everyone and all the media took the same side ,criticizing the monstrous mass murder with full bullets

A tremendous

B ,incidental C, famous D evil

Around 1970, psychologist Walter Mischel 1)______ a classic experiment. He left a succession of 4-year-olds in a room 2)____ a bell and a marshmallow (药葵蜜饯). If they rang the bell, he would come back and they could eat the marshmallow. If, 3)____, they didn’t ring the bell and waited for him to come back 4)______ his own, they could then have two marshmallows.

In videos of the experiment, you can see the children kicking and 5)______ their eyes —desperately trying to 6)________ self-control so they can wait and get two marshmallows. Their performance 7)________ widely. Some broke down and rang the bell 8)______ a minute. Others lasted 15 minutes. The children who waited longer went on to get higher SAT 9)_______. They got into better colleges and had, on 10)_______, better adult outcomes. The children who rang the bell 11)________ were more likely to become bullies. They 12)_________.

worse teacher and parental evaluations 10 years later and were more likely to have drug 13)________ at age 32.

The Mischel experiments, 14_______with everyday experience, tell us that self-control is 15)________. Young people who can delay gratification can sit 16)________ sometimes boring

classes to get a degree. They can 17)______ rote tasks in order to, say, master a language. They can 18)_______drugs and alcohol. For people without self-control skills, however, school is a 19)______ of failed ordeals. No wonder they 20)_______out. Life is a parade of foolish decisions: teenage pregnancy, drug use, gambling, truancy and crime.

11．尽管已历经无数失败，凯瑟琳仍然想念她能所儿子培养成为世界冠军。

Although she has gone through numerous failures , Katherine still believes that she could make a world champion of her son.

12．这个培训项目其实不算糟糕，但如果它的课程再实用一点就更好了。

This training program is not really a bad experience .But I would have liked it better if the courses had been a bit more practical

13．你应该没这么笨，竟然会打开一个可疑的附件。

You should have known better than to open a suspicious attachment

14．他不幸在一次意外的交通事故中丧生，留下尚未做完的实验。

Unfortunately he died from a sudden traffic accident, leaving the experiment half-done 15．那个街角的食品市场能改建成花园，岂不是更好吗？

Wouldn’t it be better if the food market on the street corner could be turned into a garden? 16．尽管我竭力想讨好每一个人，但说话却好像总是不合时宜。

Much as I am eager to please everyone ,I seem never be able to speak out the right thing at the right time

17．这个小玩意儿是送给老年人的好礼物，它能精确地跟踪血压。

This little gadget makes a good present for the elderly ,for it can keep accurate track of one’s blood pressure.

18．简总是在为下一项成就而努力，从来没有时间坐下来欣赏自己已经取得的成绩。

Jane is always working so hard to achieve the next thing and she never has time to sit back and pat herself on the back about the things that she has already done.

19．汤姆审时度势，决定缩小企业规模，后来证明这是明智之举。

Tom sized up the situation , and decided to downsize his business , which turned out to be

a wise decision.

20．我们学校仅仅维持现状是不够的，它应该加速发展，力争成为中国最好的大学之一。

I t is not enough for our university to resign itself to the status quo; it should speed up

its development ,and make itself one of the best universities in china

Unit 3

Imminent daunt wail strand gobble wholesome

Disposition exertion plummet brine surface harrowing

1.As house prices _______the new breed of renters escape the danger of falling into debt traps

and save their spare cash for the future

2.Nothing could ______me and I talked to everyone with the same message:”cancer was absolutely

great because it put you in touch with yourself and the world :

3.The 19-year-old model Saffron Domini needed little persuasion to appear in a _______ film

about racism and violence

4.Carefree and full of youthful enthusiasm , his happy ______ attracted whites and Indians alike.

5.In British political life of the previous twenty years , latent anti-Jewish feeling had been

apt to ______ in response to particular events

6.With standards often being poor ,unregulated ,and uncontrolled ,disaster seems ________

7.After walking for an hour ,she wasn’t sweating , but there was a pleasurable sense of ________

8.Particularly worrisome were the fruit drinks , which projected a___________ image while containing sugar in some form or another

9.With the rising tide and bad conditions it was possible that the _________man might not survive until the lifeboat arrived

10.One study estimates that the headquarters and related functions of big American companies ______ up almost a fifth of their annual profits

选择题

21..With a _______ network of committees , sports clubs and societies ,each student is encouraged to play a full part in this aspect of student life

A, thriving B, encouraging C exciting D lead

22.They may pick up ideas almost at random from skimming journals , ideas that may ___________ new trains of thought or fruitful new cross-connections

A. steer B ,pilot C spark D lead

23.Being a good listener is not only useful because you will hear what others miss , but you will find that people will tell you things that they________others

A shield on

B shield from

C shield in

D shield out

24, What right did he have to come back into her life this , trying to________ into small pieces that couldn’t be put back together for a second time?

A crash

B ,crush C, shatter D explode

25.In many areas local services were provided by numerous different authorities , which often gave rise to_____ co-ordination problems

A, acute B accurate C, accusative D alternative

26.The awful truth that he was suffering from lung cancer_______him ,though his family members tried very hard to keep the secret

A, came upon B dawned on C, fell to D ,went for

27.I suppose yoga enthusiasts would find it painless ,but for most of us an hour spent in this position was an ___________

A. cripple B, reduce C exam D ordeal

28.But rules that strengthen bands in good times can______them in recessions

A, cripple B , reduce C slash D unprofitable

29.There are few more_______places on earth than the plains surrounding a volcano in the aftermath of its eruption

A fertile B. unproblematic C barren D unprofitable

30. The minds of many of these young offenders appear to have been________by greed and indifference to violence

A retarded

B numbed

C idled

D fooled

Everyone wants to be successful in life, but where are the 1)_____ to success? When we begin to examine life, we can see that it is 2)_______ into two aspects — life within and life without; internal life and 3)_______ life — and we can see that these aspects are of equal importance. Even one who has renounced the world has to understand the word relationship properly, because 4)_____ itself is actually relationship. The body is related 5)_____ the breath, and the breath is related to the mind. The body, breath, senses, and mind all 6)______ together as a unit. So life virtually 7)______ relationship, and thus the art of living and being requires an 8)_________ of one’s relationship to the external world and the relationships within 9)_______. All human beings have inner potentials, but many people are not aware 10)______ those potentials and do not know how to use them to have a 11)_______ life. Those who are not happy 12)________ can never be happy externally; those who are not happy within themselves can never make 13)______ happy. Those who do not love themselves 14)_____ never love others.

If we are not happy, how can we be successful in life? Success 15)______in our happiness. The keys to happiness lie within us, but our modern education does not 16)______ us how to find them. It is helpful to have a few formulas to practice in daily life to make it more successful. They are 17)______ from observations based on experience. There are five points to remember: first, how to decide things on time; second, how to study personal habit patterns; third, how to

18)________ ourselves in the external world; fourth, what attitude to take; fifth, where to

19)______ happiness. To attain success in life, one should learn and 20)_____ these five points.

4. Thrust into office when his country’s morale was at the lowest, Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the British people.

21．当一个人处于“经历中的沙漠”——一段感到毫无出路，甚至毫无希望的时期，最重要的是不要让自己陷入荒漠之中无法自拨。

When someone is in “desert of experience”---a period of feeling barren of options , even hope , the most important thing is not to allow himself to be stranded in the desert .

22．经济来源耗尽，还有一大家人需要人供养，吉米起初想逃避，但最终靠着顽强的勇气和乐观的性格挺了过来。

With financial resources exhausted and the pressure of a big family to support , Jimmy wanted to escape at first but finally his courage and good humor saw him through.

23．有人认为在人生的任何阶段开始新的生涯都为时不晚。

Someone believes that it is never too late to embark on a new career in any period of life . 24．在经历重大打击之后，明智的做法是勇敢面对挑战，而不是逃避。

What makes sense is to face the challenge rather than run away from the troubles after suffering a significant loss’

25．玛丽靠她在餐馆工作的微薄收入，几乎无法维持生活。

With the small income from her restaurant job , Mary could barely make ends meet ; 26．人们逐渐明白了失败并不是可怕的东西，而是人生的宝贵经历。

It dawns on people that failure is nothing to be afraid of .but it is a precious experience in life.

27．在毕业典礼上，校长预祝同学们在事业上不断取得进步。

The president wishes every student to forge ahead on the career ladder at the commencement ceremony

28 科学家们正在对吸烟者和抑郁者进行研究，试图解决这些复杂的生理和心理问题。

S cientists are studying smokers and t the people with depression in an attempt to sort out their complicated physical and psychological problems

29. 大多数家长不是竭力防止失败就是竭力不让孩子们知道他们已经失败。

Most parents work hard a either preventing failure or shielding their children from the knowledge that they have failed.

30.每个人都不可能十全十美,因此，对自己宽容些。

No one can be perfect .so be easy on oneself.

Unit 4

Insatiable static uplifting sane rapt

Arbitrary cardinal purport demanding devout

1.His way of staying _____was to compose poems in classical Chinese which he somehow kept with him

2.The children’s______curiosity will be satisfied one way or the other ,as there are plenty of museums libraries and children’s palaces in the city

3.Examination of the theory which _____ to provide an answer to this question is nonetheless important for a number of reasons

4.It is impossible to forget the _______ speech that the president gave at the commencement

ceremony

5.The athlete, a ______Christian, like his parents ,died in 1945 in a Japanese internment camp

in Shangdong province

6.The picture drawn is a _______ one , and it has been unable to provide a convincing account

of how and why changes have occurred in the pattern of industrial relations

7.The choice of players for the team seemed completely ______

8.He listened in _____ concentration as Mr Mercer described how one soldier shot off his leg

and threatened to kill him until he shouted back at him

9.Respect for life is a _____ principle of English law

10.Building a home is a more _______ business compared with buying one

31.Her reputation suffered a _____ blow as the result of the scandal

A .mortal

B shameful

C humiliating

D disgraceful

32.In explaining this situation it might be possible to point to sources _____ to the nation

A. inherited B hereditary C inherent D heritable

33.His ______ difficulties may make it impossible for him to recognize you and his family A, perceptual B appreciable C understandable D recognizable

34.He had never previously thought of himself as ______ or even as particularly materialistic A, inquisitive B interactive C positive D acquisitive

35.Like a dreamer ,the young artist is absorbed in ______of something outside himself and does not identify with it

A illusion

B contemplation

C conception

D fantasy

36.The club, where I am staying releases forgotten gusts of memory , like those lilies which only_____ their sweet perfume at night

A exhale

B inhale

C relax

D relieve

37.If it is a technique which works for you then , use it _____

A by all means

B by no means

C in one way

D by the way

38.You would _____some responsibility immediately for particular areas and addition responsibilities are available to those with the ability and enthusiasm to undertake

A bear on

B take on

C carry on

D hold on

39.This raises the question whether the education of children in rural communities is prejudiced by the _____ of a curriculum devised for urban conditions

A publication https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3c630166.html,pulsion C. computation D. imposition

40.The weak point in the school is due to the ___of parents who remove their sons from the school at too early an age

A, folly B prudence C craziness D madness

Happiness is basically a state of mind. Happiness depends 1)________ on one’s disposition and outlook. Only 2) _______ connecting to your real identity, deeper than merely the body and 3) _____, can one reach real happiness because that is where such happiness is always 4) ______. In this way, very little is needed to have a happy life. It is all within 5)_______ . Thus, we can attain a state of being satisfied 6)________ what we have without being anxious to attain all our temporal desires,without 7) _______ about the future, and without concerning ourselves with 8)__________ hopes and fears. When you are really and naturally happy from within, 9)_________ else that you accomplish can be viewed as icing on the cake, an extra sweetness to life. But such external activities are not where true happiness 10)________.

The only 11)_______ why people cannot attain their inward spiritual bliss right here and now is because they put too much 12)______ on their external situation and what they feel they need and how to get it. Or they focus on the 13)________ that they think they have. Actually, what people need to be happy is 14)_______ inside them, at all times, 15)_________ of whatever trials and challenges may happen outside and 16)________ __ them. As I’ve always said, it is not what 17)_______ _ to you, but it is how you perceive it and how you 18)_______ or respond to it that makes the difference. We have to understand that happiness and distress is a constant flow in material 19)________. We are affected by it 20)_______ if we identify with it. One has to learn to rise above that by connecting with your true self, or higher self. So how do we do that?

1.在当今社会中，广告几乎完全成为致力于描写快乐的现代表达方式。

In modern society , advertising has become one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness.

32讲座永远不会从大学的舞台上完全消失，因为它们来源于一个久远的传统，而大学这个环境为了其自身的利益又理所当然地尊重传统。

Lectures will never entirely disappear from the university scene ,because they spring from a long tradition in a setting that rightly values tradition for its own sake.

33.这对夫妻永远体会不到做父母的乐趣，除非他们有了自己的孩子。

Short of having their own children ,the couple can never experience the pleasure of being parents.

34.他把别人的成功看成是一种挑战、一种动力。他不断告诉自己他应该比别人做得更好。

He takes other’s success as a kind of challenge and motivation. He keeps telling himself that he should do better than others .

35.如果欢乐与愉快等于幸福，则痛苦就等于不幸福。但实际上能带来幸福的事往往与痛苦相联系。

If fun and pleasure are equated with happiness, then pain must be equated with unhappiness ,The truth is that things that lead to happiness involve some pain.

36.为了让孩子能得到成为一个音乐家所需要的一切，那些经济不宽裕的家庭对任何牺牲都在所不惜。

In homes where money was tight , no sacrifice was too great in order that the child has whatever he needed to learn to become a musician

37.只要明白欢乐并不带来幸福，我们就会开始以不同的态度来生活。

As long as we understand that fun does not bring happiness ,we can begin to lead our lives differently.

38.如果我们真正得到了自己想要的，就会不停地想我们没有——于是我们就老是不满。

If we do get what we want we’ll keep thinking of all that we don’t possess---and we will remain dissatisfied. 39唯一真正能平衡事业与家庭的方式是对你的生活价值观深思考虑，并按此生活。

The only way to truly balance your career with family life is to think long and hard about your life values and live by them.

40任何人想要生活既硕果累累又充满欢乐，他就应该处理好工作和娱乐的关系。

Anyone who wants to have a both fruitful and cheerful life should deal well with the relationship between work and play.

硕士英语作文范文

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新视野大学英语1读写教程

新视野大学英语1读写教程

Unite 1 一、Words in use选词填空 Explore(v.勘探，探测) transmit(v.传送，传递，传播) resource(n.资源) emerge(v.出现，为···所公认) yield(v.产生，出产，屈从，让步) pose(v.摆姿势，导致) assume(v.认为，假定，假设) confidence(n.信任信赖，自信心) inherit(v.沿袭，秉承，继承) c omprehensive(a.综合的，多方面的) 1. Given the chance to show his ability, he regained confidence and began to succeed in school. 2. It is so difficult to explore the bottom of the ocean because some part s are very deep. 3. It was about 30 seconds before Alex emerged from the water; we were quite scared. 4. We often assume that when other people do the same things as we do, the y do them for the same reasons; but this assumption is not always reasonable. 5. There is widespread concern that the rising unemployment may pose a threat to social stability. 6. After a(n) comprehensive physical exam, my doctor said I was in good condition except that my blood pressure was a little high. 7. It is well known that China is a country with rich natural resources an d a very big population. 8. Some people believe that the earth can yield enough food to support at least twice its present population.

研究生英语阅读教程翻译8-11

Lesson 8 IV. Translation Put the following into Chinese. 1. Every war has had its songs that whipped up patriotic fervor or, in the case of the Vietnam War that encouraged protest against it. 每场战争都有自己的歌曲来唤起人们的爱国热情或者如在越南战争中鼓励人们反战。 2. The idea is to take a song that people like or that has particular meaning or emotional association for them and use it with new words, hoping that some of the liking, meaning, or emotional associations will transfer to the new ideas being communicated. And it often works. 改词是把一首人们喜爱或者对他们具有特殊意义或感情色彩的歌曲填上新词，希望把这种喜爱、意义或感情色彩带到正在传播的新观念中。通常这种方法很奏效。 3 As a result, a number of community and national groups have applied pressure on stations to keep these songs and performers off the air. These charges also stimulated investigations by the Federal Communications Commission, the regulatory agency charged with overseeing broadcast practices. 结果一些社团和全国性团体向电台或电视台施加压力让他们禁播这些演员的节目。这些指控也促使负责广播业的监管机构联邦通讯委员会开始进行调查。 4. Does it mean a station should permit no language or ideas in a song that it would not permit on the news or in a sports program? Or does it mean the station should recognize that different forms of communication or entertainment, or programs designed for different kinds of audiences, should have different standards concerning language and ideas? 这是否意味着在广播电台或电视台播放的歌曲中不允许出现那些在新闻或体育节目中禁止出现的语言和观念？或者这是否意味着电台或电视台应该承认不同的交流或娱乐形式，或是为不同听众设计的节目，在语言和观念上应该具有不同的标准？ 5. One author has suggested that popular music also serves a "rite of passage" function for young girls. The teenage singing idols may serve as non-threatening substitutes for actual boys until boys' maturation catches up with that of girls and some semblance of easy boy-girl relationships can be established. 一位作者指出流行音乐也成了女孩子们成熟的标志。在同龄男孩子成长为像女孩子那样成熟并能较容易地与女孩子建立朋友关系之前，少年歌星可能会成为不会对女孩子形成威胁的男友的替身。 V. Oral Practice and Discussion 1. How was music used during World War II and during the Vietnam War? 2. Describe peacetime uses of music. 3. List the major effects and functions of music. 4. Identify the basic issues in the FCC regulatory position. 5. What problems do you foresee in the development of record labeling plans? 6. Adaptation of popular or favorite songs is a persuasive tactic. Where is this technique used today? Cite several examples. (Hint: Advertising commercials) 7. If music shapes our perceptions and attitudes, then, should we be forced to listen to music in public places such as restaurants and shopping malls? 8. Are there other effects of music not included in this article?