上海地区高二伴你成长阅读理解和答案详解

（杭州学军中学2011-2012学年第一学期期末考试字数：255 难易度：A）

( A )（体裁：说明文；题材：爱因斯坦的生平介绍）

Albert Einstein had a great effect on science and history. An American university president once said that Einstein had made a new outlook, a new view of the universe. It may be some time before the average mind understands fully the identity of time and space and so on—but even ordinary man now understand that the universe is something larger than ever thought before.

By 1914 young Einstein had been world-famous. He accepted the offer to become a professor at the Prussian Academy of Science in Berlin. He had few duties, little teaching and unlimited chances for study, but soon his peace and quiet life were broken by World War I.

Einstein hated fighting and killing. The great suffering of war affected him deeply, and he sat unhappily in his o ffice doing little. He lost interest in his research. Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work. In the year following World War I honors were increasingly put on him. He became head of the Kaiser Whihem Institute of Theoretical Physics. But he himself refused the effort to put him in a position far above other people. He was well known for his humble（谦逊的）manners. He often said that his success would certainly have been achieved by others if he had never lived. In 1921 he won the Nobel Prize, and he was honored in Germany until the rise of Nazism when he was driven from Germany because he was

a Jew.

61. The main idea of the first paragraph is ______.

A. the difficulty of Einstein's thought to others

B. the feeling of an American university president towards Einstein

C. the difference between science and history

D. the change in human thought produced by Einstein

62. From the second paragraph, we know Albert Einstein ____.

A. enjoyed world popularity

B. was the head of a school

C. was popular with his students

D. enjoyed studying wars

63. Which of the following statements about Einstein is true?

A. He achieved more than any other scientists in history.

B. Our ideas about the universe differ from one another because of him.

C. He kept working until peace c ame in 1918.

D. His research practically stopped during the first world war.

64. In the years following the First World War, _____.

A．Einstei n’s theory was soon accepted even by ordinary people

B．more and more honors went to Einstein

C．Einstein almost had no chances for his research

D．Einstein was not honored in Germany until the rise of Nazism

65. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _____.

A．Albert Einstein was interested in nothing but science

B．Einstein was forced to serve in the German army

C．Einstein made a lot more breakthroughs in his research after the First World War

D．Einstein was driven out of his motherland for his humble manners

【答案】DADBC

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（杭州学军中学2011-2012学年第一学期期末考试字数：306 难易度：A）

( B )（体裁：说明文；题材：国际贸易中的误解及解决方法）

Successful people in international business understand the cultures of other countries and learn to change their practices in different cultures. They understand the importance of avoiding business decisions based on misconceptions---mistaken ideas.

One cause of misconceptions is ethnocentrism, the belief that one’s own culture’s way of doing things is better than th e way of other cultures. It’s ethnocentrism that leads to failure in international business. To avoid ethnocentrism, it’s necessary to study the different elements(组成部分) of culture: language, values and attitudes, and customs and manners.

Language

A knowledge of the local language can help international business people in four ways. First, people can communicates directly. Second, people are usually more open in their communication

with someone who speaks their language. Third, an understanding of the language allows people to infer meanings that are not said directly. Finally, knowing the language helps people to understand the culture better.

____________

Values are people’s basic beliefs about the difference between right and wrong, good and bad. An attitude is a way of thinking or acting. Values and attitudes influence international business. For example, many people in the United States believe that chocolate from Switzerland is better than chocolate from other countries, and they buy a lot of it.

Customs and Manners

Customs are common social practices. Manners are ways of acting that the society believes are polite. For example, in the United States, it is the custom to have salad (色拉) before the main course at dinner, not after. It’s not acceptable t o talk with food in mouth at table. Failure to understand the customs and manners of other countries will bring difficulty selling their products. Orange juice as a breakfast drink of an American company in France doesn’t sell well because the French don’t usually drink juice with breakfast.

66. A knowledge of the local language allows international business people ________.

A. to be more open-minded

B. to communicate without outside help

C. to express their thoughts indirectly

D. to have a better idea of their culture

67. Which of the following phrases do you think is the best heading of the fourth paragraph?

A. Differences between Right and Wrong, Good and Bad

B. Values and Attitudes

C. Chocolates from Switzerland

D. Values and Manners

68. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage ________.

A. Sticking to your own culture’s way of doing things is the best policy in international

business.

B. In international business, language plays a more important role than values and attitudes or

customs and manners.

C. Your failure to sell your product to people in some countries probably results from your

failure to understand their customs and manners.

D. There is no doubt that Switzerland produces the best chocolate.

69. What would be the best title for the text?

A. Misconceptions in Business.

B. Basic Beliefs in Business.

C. How to Avoid Failures in International Business.

D. Successful International Business.

70. The author’s purpose of writing this article is to tell people ________.

A. how to take a right attitude in business

B. how to avoid misunderstandings in business

C. how to use a local language in business

D. how to act politely and properly in business

【答案DBCAD

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（已用书目：）（杭州学军中学2011-2012学年第一学期期末考试字数：356 难易度：A）

( C )（说明文：全球早生儿现象）

Each year millions of babies are born too soon and too small. Premature or preterm births are defined as births at less than thirty-seven weeks.

Prematurity is the leading cause of death in newborn babies. More than one-fourth of the four million newborns who die each year around the world were born too early.

Preterm babies that survive can suffer a lifetime of serious health conditions. The examples include cerebral palsy, blindness, hearing problems and learning disabilities. Families and communities face emotional, physical and financial costs.

Christopher Howson is the vice president for global programs at the March of Dimes, a nonprofit group. His group and the World Health Organization recently published a report called ―The Global and Regional Toll of Preterm Birth.‖ CHRISTOPHER HOWSON: ―Frankly the crisis of preterm birth is under-recognized, undercounted, undervalued and under-funded. I mean, this report

shows that thirteen million babies are born every year preterm, and that over a million of those babies die as a result of being born too early.‖

And these are just estimates; the true numbers could be even higher. More than eighty-five percent of preterm births happen in Africa and Asia. Africa has the highest rate, with about four million cases each year.

Chris Howson says many of the causes of preterm births are related to poverty and weak health-care systems.

CHRISTOPHER HOWSON: ―For example, the poor overall health and nutritional status of women. A high burden of infectious diseases. Lack of provision of family planning –allowing a woman to decide when to start and end having children and how to space her children. And also the lack of good prenatal care programs that might identify problems early on in pregnancy.‖

Preterm births are a problem not just in the developing world. The combined rate in the United States and Canada is the second highest in the world. Preterm birth rates in the United States have increased thirty-six percent in the last twenty-five years.

This has been largely the result of two reasons. One is an increase in pregnancies among women over age thirty-five. The other is an increase in the use of reproductive therapies.

71．This passage is mainly about ________.

A. the causes of people’s bad health throughout the world

B. how to improve people’s health throughout the world

C. premature or preterm births throughout the world

D. Christopher Howson, vice president for global programs at the March of Dimes

72．All of the following are causes of preterm births except ________.

A. too many deaths of newborn babies

B. poverty

C. Lack of provision of family planning

D. the lack of good prenatal care programs

73．Which of the following is a true statement according to the passage?

A. Preterm birth rates in developing countries are dropping and they are increasing in some developed countries like the US and Canada.

B. The increase in pregnancies among women over age thirty-five and the increase in the use of reproductive therapies result in the increase of preterm birth rates.

C. Fortunately, many people have already realized the seriousness of the problem of preterm births.

D. Preterm births must be a problem for only poor areas because of poverty. 74．Which is the best title for the passage?

A. Chris Howson, an Excellent Vice President

B. Preterm Births

C. ―The Global and Regional Toll of Preterm Birth‖

D. Emotional, Physical and Financial Costs

75. Where can we probably read this article?

A. International news reports

B. History and Political Papers

C. Science magazines

D. World Trade Guides

【答案】CABBC

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2011.1上海高一年级英语期末试卷，说明文，题材：市场，字数：228，A）

The market is a concept. If you are growing tomatoes in your backyard for sale you are producing for the market. You might sell some to your neighbor and some to the local manager of the supermarket. But in either case, you are producing for the market. Your efforts are being directed by the market. If people stop buying tomatoes, you will stop producing them.

If you take care of a sick person to earn money, you are producing for the market. If your father is a steel worker or a truck driver or a doctor or a grocer, he is producing goods or service for the market.

When you spend your income, you are buying things from the market. You may spend money in stores, supermarkets, gas station and restaurants. Still you are buying from the market. When the local grocer hires you to drive the delivery truck, he is buying you in the labor market.

The market may be something abstract(抽象的). But for each person or business who is making and selling something, it is very concrete. If nobody buys your tomatoes, it won’t be long before you get the message. The market is telling you something. It is telling you that you are using energies and resources in doing something the market doesn’t want you to do.

( ) 54. Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?

A.Selling and Buying

B.Everything you do is producing for the market.

C.What is the market?

D.What the market can do for you.

( ) 55. All of the following acts are producing for the market except_______.

A. working in a bank

B. attending a night school

C. printing a book

D. growing beans for sale

( ) 56. You are buying from the market when you ________.

A.borrow a book from the library.

B.walk to the seaside for a holiday.

C.look after your children.

D.dine at restaurant.

( ) 57. The word ―concrete‖ in the last paragraph may most probably mean______.

A. serious

B. important

C. necessary

D. real

( ) 58. In what way is the market very concrete for each person or business who is making and selling something?

A.It tells you what to produce.

B.It provides you with everything you need.

C.It tells you how to grow tomatoes.

D.It helps you save money.

【答案】CBDDA

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怒．而飞怒：词作词，。 鲲之大．大：词作词，。 《齐谐》者，志怪．者也。怪：词作词，。 四、古今异义的词： 野马 ．．也，尘埃也。古义：。今义： 南冥者，天池 ．．也。古义：。今义： 海运 ．．则将徙于南冥。古义：。今义：五、一词多义： ⑴名：北冥有鱼，其名．为鲲。（） 山不在高，有仙则名．。（） 名．列前茅。（） ⑵息：去以六月息．者也。（） 生物之以息．相吹也。（） 北山愚公长息．曰。（） 鸢飞戾天者，望峰息．心。（） ⑶之：鹏之．背，不知其几千里也。（） 其翼若垂天之．云。（） 鹏之．徙于南冥也。（） 生物之．以息相吹也。（） ⑷而：怒而．飞。（） 抟扶摇而．上者九万里。（）

英语阅读理解专项习题及答案解析及解析

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