英语高考全国卷与福建卷的差异及备考策略

高考英语全国卷与福建卷的不同及备考建议

福州学大教育孙瑞芬

福建省自2004年开始语文、数学、英语科目的自行命题，2005年扩大到理综和文综。明年改用全国卷，是自行命题11年后的回归。无论是全国卷还是福建卷，所依据的考试大纲都是一样的，不过，在更细致的考试说明里，全国卷的考查范围更大，在难度要求上会有所不同。

一、总体分析

1、考点变化

试卷结构有较大调整，新题型亮相。全国卷取消了单项选择题，取而代之的是一篇200字左右的文章的语法填空。阅读理解福建卷是5篇，全国卷是4篇阅读+一篇七选五的阅读，短文填词改为短文改错，此外题型顺序也调整为听力，阅读理解，完形填空，语法填空，短文改错和书面表达。

2、试卷结构

?全国英语卷I英语试卷由四部分组成：

?第一部分听力(30分)，

?第二部分阅读理解(包含阅读和七选五，40分)，

?第三部分语言知识运用(包含完形填空和语法填空，45分)，

?第四部分写作(包含短文改错和书面表达，35分)，

?总分150分。

3、分值构成

二、备考策略

1、听力

福建一直沿用全国卷的高考听力，继续注重学生辨别基本的事实细节的能力，又考查学生的理解推断能力。既强调语言的交际功能，也不忽略语言的文化内涵。语速中等稍快，大约每分钟150词，美式语音为主，总时长在18分15秒至18分50秒直接，录音文字稿的总词数在900词左右。

因此，在平时训练中，我们有如下建议：

（1）养成良好的听的习惯，包括良好的心态，用英语思维，边听边记，带着问题积极倾听等。做听力题学会摘录，记关键词和主题，如用sth代替something，用esp代替especially等，不要求完整，只起提示作用，自己能看懂就行；

（2）精听泛听有机结合起来。精听每个词，每个短语。泛听以掌握文章整体意思为主。选择信息点丰富，选项干扰强的材料；

（3）培养自己短时记忆力；

（4）重视跨文化背景知识，提高听力综合素质。

2、阅读理解

全国卷所选材料通常较短，不超过350个单词，材料来源广泛，图书，报刊及其他宣传材料都有，题材丰富，包括日常生活，科普，人物传记，史地知识等，体裁固定，有记叙文，说明文，应用文。

（1）认真复习巩固中学阶段全部考纲词汇，特别是人教版必修和选修模块。

（2）加强对课文的朗读，提高阅读速度。

（3）培养阅读能力和技巧，掌握快速阅读，扫读，导读，细读的方法，细节题要特别注意换形式表达（意译，释义，改写，转述）（4）鼓励学生课外广泛阅读，了解出题者意图，积累做题经验。

（5）七选五题型，建议教师和考生更加注重题材的选择，注重培养学生对文中细节的把握，同时加强学生对某段文字的总结能力。注意观察设空的位置，寻找规律。通常段首设空，是主题句或中心句，段中设空，不是承上启下就是补充说明，段尾设空，是总结归纳，首尾呼应。

3、完形填空

一直是学生的丢分点。好多学生不能照顾整篇文章，对一些语境的理解不是很到位。老师和学生应该加大完形填空的练习，注意文章的题材和体裁都要多样性，对一些难做对的题要反复研究，争取在完形填空上面多拿分。

4、语法填空

语法填空在全国卷I试卷中是2014年第一次作为考查题型，语法填空考查的知识点比较全面，分布比较合理。考查动词的时态、副词、冠词、连词、非谓语动词、定语从句的连接词、名词和形容词，当然，动词考得最多。语法填空总

体给人的感觉是不难，学生应该很容易的做出正确答案，考题还是重基础，只要学生们细心，看仔细每一道题，相信本题的得分率应该不低。

5、短文改错

全国卷I短文改错试题历年来考查方向和方式没有变化，短文改错难度系数不大，学生容易下手。考点分布均匀，学生容易察觉地考查介词、代词、连词、名词、动词、副词、冠词的固定搭配，都是细小的知识，稍不注意就漏掉了一个点。因为改错更加考查学生综合运用语言的能力，虽然简单，但在改错题上，学生还是会拉开一定的距离。

建议教师和考生可以将此题型结合语法填空并行教与学，互相呼应，彼此促进。找出它们共同的解题技巧，让学生多做练习，争取短文改错和语法填空都能提高。

6、书面表达

全国卷的作文考查内容依旧贴近考生生活，提示内容少，基本以要点形式呈现，考生要适当添加细节，这是非常典型的半开放作文。而我们早就已经进入开放思维模式。所以对我们而言不会有多少难度。

训练的重点还是要放在抓基础词汇巩固和五个基本句型的写作上，然后再展开，力求地道，通顺。正确使用关联词，使结构紧凑，运用高级词汇和结构，提高文章档次。

总之，不管是全国卷，福建卷，试题虽然有变化，但我们备考还是需要抓基础，复习突出重点，强化训练，弥补漏洞，提高“考点识别，寻找已知条件，拍错求证”的思维能力，以有效提高高考成绩。

（后面附15年高考全国卷1英语试题，知己知彼，百战百胜）

附

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I)

英语

注意事项：

1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。第Ⅰ卷1页至10页，第Ⅱ卷11页至13页。

2. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。

3. 全部答案在答题卡上完成，搭载本试卷上无效。

4. 第Ⅰ卷听力部分满分30分，不计入总分，考试成绩录取时提供给高校作参考。

5. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，现将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）（略）

听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?

A.￡ 19.15

B.￡ 9.18

C.￡ 9.15

答案是C。

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum

Our monthly talks start at 19:30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don?t need to book. They end around 21:00.

November 7th

The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of nanal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”.

December 5th

Ice for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering, Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London?s ice trade grew.

February 6th

An Update on the Cotsword Canals, by Liz Payne. The Smoudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play.

March 6th

Eyots and Aits- Thames Islands,by Miranda Vickers. The Thames had many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest.

Online bookings:https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3e2126672.html,/book

More into:https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3e2126672.html,/whatson

London Canal Museum

12-13 New Wharf Road, London NI 9RT

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3e2126672.html, www.canalmuseum.mobi

Tel:020 ********

21.When is the talk on James Brindley?

A. February 6th.

B. March 6th.

C. November 7th.

D. December 5th.

22. What is the topic of the talk in February?

A. The Canal Pioneers.

B. Ice for the Metropolis

C. Eyots and Aits- Thames Islands

D. An Update on the Cotsword Canals

23. Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames.

A. Miranda Vickers

B. Malcolm Tucker

C. Chris Lewis

D. Liz Payne

B

The freezing Northeast hasn?t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so wh en the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素C), thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part- particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold- weather root vegetables- was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers? market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.

The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7:00 am to 1 p.m, rain or shine, along North Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries, the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes: amazing, large, soft and round red tomatoes.

Disappointed by many a broken, vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的) promise, I?ve refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they?re unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless. But I homed in, with uncertainty, on one particular table at the Brown?s Grove Farm?s stand, full of fresh and soft tomatoes the s ize of my fist. These were the real deal- and at that moment, I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn?t be experiencing again for months.

Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown?s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where- luckily for me- I was planning to have dinner that very night. Without even seeing the menu, I knew I?d be ordering every tomato on it.

24. What did the author think of her winter life in New York?

A. Exciting.

B. Boring.

C. Relaxing.

D. Annoying.

25. What made the author?s getting up late early worthwhile?

A. Having a swim.

B. Breathing in fresh air.

C. Walking in the morning sun.

D. Visiting a local farmer?s market.

26. What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter?

A. They are soft.

B. They look nice.

C. They taste great.

D. They are juicy.

27. What was the author going to that evening?

A. Go to a farm.

B. Check into a hotel.

C. Eat in a restaurant.

D. Buy fresh vegetables.

C

Salvador Dali (1904-1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist?s showman qualities.

The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.

The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (无限). “From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing

Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,” explains the Pompidou Centre.

The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg.

28. Which of the following best describe Dali according to Paragraph 1?

A. Optimistic.

B. Productive

C. Generous.

D. Traditional.

29. What is Dali?s The Persistence of Memory considered to be?

A. One of his masterworks.

B. A successful screen adaptation.

C. An artistic creation for the stage.

D. One of the beat TV programmes.

30. How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?

A. By popularity.

B. By importance.

C. By size and shape.

D. By time and subject.

31. What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?

A. Artworks.

B. Projects.

C. Donations.

D. Documents.

D

Conflict is on the menu tonight at the café La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France?s favorite pastimes, coffee dri nking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn?t always easy. They customers-some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session-care quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论)，slow to open up a nd connect. “You are forbidden to say …one feels,? or …people think?,”Lehane told them. “Say …I think,? …Think me?.”

A café society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn?t seem more un-French. But Lehanne?s psychology café is about more than knowing oneself: It?s trying to help the city?s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the

French lifestyle-longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation?s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.

32.What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?

A. Learn a new subject

B. Keep in touch with friends.

C. Show off their knowledge.

D. Express their true feelings.

33. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?

A. They are less frequently visited.

B. They stay open for longer hours.

C. They have bigger night crowds.

D. They start to serve fast food.

34. What are theme cafes expected to do?

A. Create more jobs.

B. Supply better drinks.

C. Save the cafe business.

D. Serve the neighborhood.

35. Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?

A. They bring people true friendship.

B. They give people spiritual support.

C. They help people realize their dreams.

D. They offer a platform for business links.

第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Building Trust in a Relationship Again

Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences, 36 . That is a risk. But you can?t be successful when there?s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the

wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.

Unfortunately, we?ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we?ve been suffer from, lied to , misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can?t trust anymore, 37. It?s understandable, but if you?re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.

●38 having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see

what the best outcome would be for your well-being.

●39 If you?ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there?s a

difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we?ll have our trust tested or violated.

●You didn?t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Inst ead of looking at the

situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 instead, it?s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.

A.Learn to really trust yourself.

B.It is putting confidence in someone.

C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

D.Remember that you can expect the best in return.

E.They?ve been too badly hurt and they can?t bear to let it happen again.

F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.

G.Seeing the positive side of things doesn?t mean you?re ignoring what happened.

第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45）

第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题15分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way ,we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “ __41___ my job. Family to Feed.”

At this store, a __42___ like this is not normal. My 10-year-old noticed him and make a __43____ on how bad it must be to have to stand ___44____ in the cold wind.

In the store, I asked each of my kids to __45___ something they thought our “friend” there

would ___46___. They got apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice. Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a ___47____. I thought about it. We were ___48__ on cash ourselves, but… well, sometimes __49___ from our need instead of our abundance is ___50__ what we need to do! All the kids __51____ something they could do away with for the week.

When we handed him the bag of __52__, he lit up and thanked us with ___53__ eyes. When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for __54____his family might need, he burst into tears.

This has been a wonderful ___55__ for our family. For days the kids have been looking for others we can __56___! Things would have played out so __57____ if I had simply said, “No, we really don?t have ___58___ to give more.” Stepping out not only helped a brother in __59___, it also gave my kids the __60____ taste of helping others. I t?ll go a long way with them.

41. A. Lost B. Changed C. Quit D. Finished

42. A condition B. place C. sight D. show

43. A. suggestion B. comment C. decision D. call

44. A. outside B. proudly C. by D. angrily

45. A. draw B. say C. arrange D. pick

46. A. order B. supply C. appreciate D. discover

47. A. dollar B. job C. hot meal D. gift card

48. A. easy B. low C. soft D. loose

49. A. giving B. saving C. spending D. begging

50. A. yet B. even C. still D. just

51. A. declared B. shared C. ignored D. expected

52. A . toys B. medicine C. food D. clothes

53. A. sleepy B. watery C. curious D. sharp

54. A. whoever B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever

55. A. experience B. example C. message D. adventure

56. A. rely on B. respect C. learn from D. help

57. A. suddenly B. vividly C. differently D. perfectly

58. A. time B. power C. patience D. money

59. A. fear B. love C. need D. memory

60. A. strong B. sweet C. strange D. simple

第II卷

第三部分英语知识运用（共两节满分55）

第二节阅读下面材料，用不多于1个单词的正确形式填空

Yangshuo,China

It was raining lightly when I__61__(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn?t care. A few hours__62__, I?d been at home in Hong Kong, with __63_(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.

I?d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River_64__are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _65__(painting). Instead, I …d head straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it?s only an hour away__66_ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.

Yangshuo__67__(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers_68__(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it___(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people_70__(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

第四部分写作（共两节满分35）

第一节短文改错（10分）

When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city ,but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out . We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so ,we?ll live to regret it .

第二节书面表达

假定你是李华，你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿，要点如下：

1.栏目介绍。

2.稿件内容；

3.稿件长度：约400词汇

4.交稿日期：6月28日前天

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯的；

3.开头语已为你写好。