外经贸英语函电 上海对外贸易学院 甘鸿编著 上海科学技术文献出版社 课后习题答案

Unit two

?be glad to……高兴做某事inform 通知，告诉，告知

?fall within the scope of 属于……的范畴

1 你方1994年9月2日来函收到。我们很高兴告诉你，你所要的商品属于我公司

的经营范围。

Your letter of September 2, 1994 has been received. We are glad to inform you that the

articles required by you fall within the scope of our business activities.

?textile n. 纺织品adj.纺织的specialize in 擅长于，专攻enter into 开始

2 你地中国银行函告，你们是纺织品的进口商。我们专营纺织品出口业务，愿与贵

公司建立业务关系。

The Bank of China in your city has informed us that you are importers of textiles. We

specialize in the export of textiles and are willing to enter into business relations with you.

?in compliance with 顺从，遵照piece goods 匹头, 布匹

?be found to someone’s satisfaction 满某人的意

3 遵照你方要求，我们正寄上一套布匹剪样。希望这些样品能及时到达，并使你满

意

In compliance with your request, we are sending you a range of cut samples of our cotton

piece goods. We hope they will arrive in time and be found to your satisfaction.

?place an order 下订单

4 你方9月4号来函收到。承告你们对肉类罐头有兴趣，并考虑试定。

We have received your letter of September 4 informing us that you find our canned meat

satisfactory and that you consider placing a trial order with us.

?as requested 依照请求for sb’s reference 供XX参考

?forward vt.转寄, 促进, 运送without delay 赶快，立刻

5 按照你方要求，我们附上一套小册子（说明书）连同价格单，供考虑。若你对所

列商品感兴趣，请告具体需要。一俟收到询价，我们立即寄送报价单。

As requested, we enclose a range of pamphlets together with our price lists for your

reference. If any of the items listed meets your interest, please inform us of your specific requirements. On receipt of you enquiry, we shall forward you quotations without delay.

?on the basis of 在……的基础上equality and mutual benefit 平等互利

6 贵国驻中国大使馆已把贵行作为中国罐头食品的买户介绍给我们。我们专营这一

业务。希望在平等互利的基础上与你方建立业务关系

Your firm has been recommended to us by your Embassy in China as a buyer of Chinese

canned goods. We wish to inform you that we specialize in this line and hope to enter into trade relations with you on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.

?leaflet n. 散页印刷品specification n.规格

7 为了使你对我们经营的产品有一个概念，兹附上一整套注有规格和包装的活页说

明书。

To give you a general idea of the products we handle, we enclose a complete set of

leaflets showing specifications and means of packing.

?the Shanghai Commodity Inspection Bureau上海商品检验局in regard to 关于

8 货物在装运前将由上海商品检验局检验。所装货物的品质，数量将由该局提供必

要的证明。

Prior to shipment, our goods will be tested and inspected by the Shanghai Commodity

Inspection Bureau, who will provide the necessary certificates in regard to the quality and quantity of the shipment.

P25 QV

Dear Sir,

We learned from the Commercial Counsellor’s Office of Chinese Embassy in your

country that you are a big buyer of table-cloth, we have been in this line for many years and we take liberty to write you , in the hope of entering into business relationship with you.

Chinese table-clothes are well known in the world for their excellent quality, fine

workmanship and attractive designs. They enjoy high popularity in European market.

We trust that through our close cooperation, the business prospect is very good.

In order to give you a general idea of our table-cloth, we send you herewith a latest

catalog for your reference. We welcome your enquiries.

Unit three

1 我们将与之进行业务往来的那家商行要我们向贵行了解有关他们的商业地位与

信誉。

The firm with whom we intended to deal has referred us to you for particulars respecting

their business standing and trustworthiness.

2 你若能对上述公司的财务状况和可靠性提出意见，我们当不胜感激。

We should be most grateful if you would furnish us with your opinion on the financial

standing and trustworthiness of the above-mentioned company.

3 就我们所知，他们的财务状况良好。

As far as we know, their financial standing is sound.

4 你们所问讯的那家商号是我地区一家最可靠的进口商。多年来在同行中享有良好

声誉。

The firm you inquire about is one of the most reliable importers in our district and has

enjoyed a good reputation among the fellow traders for many years.

5 你地XX银行将给你提供有关我们的信誉和经营作风等方面的资料。

The ……Bank of your city will give you any information you may inquire concerning our

credit standing as well as our manner of doing business.

6 对你提供的任何资料，我们都予以保密。

Any information you may be able to pass on to us will be treated as confidential（in

confidence）.

7 我们劝你方与该商行进行业务往来时务必谨慎。

We advice you to proceed with every possible caution in dealing with the firm in

question.

8 该公司声誉好，资金储备雄厚。

They are a firm of good reputation and have large financial reserves.

refer to 查阅、打听particular n.细节business standing 商业地位

trustworthiness n. 信誉furnish with 提供as far as 表程度或范围

concerning prep.关于as well as 也，又manner of doing business 经营作风

pass on 传递

P38 QVII

Dear Sirs

We are so surprised that the firm mentioned in your enquiry of May 15 listed our

firm as their reference.

As far as we know, they are a firm of high reputation, but we have little

knowledge of their financial status. Indeed, in the past two years, they have placed orders with us for many times, but the sums involved were smaller than that you mentioned in your letter. Even though the sums were small, they could hardly meet their commitments on time.

We think that you should treat this matter with caution. Therefore we suggest that

you’d better refer to a trust company for further enquiry. We highly appreciate your assurance to keep the information we provide you in absolute confidence.

Unit four

learn from 得知nylon bed-sheets 尼龙床单pillow-cases 枕套

commodities of high quality at moderate prices品质优良价格公道的商品

1 从纽约A.B.C.公司获悉，你公司出口尼龙床单和枕套。对上述品质优良价格公道

的商品，本地区常有需求。

We learn from A.B.C. Co. of New York that you are exporting Nylon bed-sheets and

pillow-cases. There is a steady demand here for the above-mentioned commodities of high quality at moderate prices.

have a chance to 有机会做……feel confident that 深信

both excellent in quality and very reasonable in price 品质优良、价格合理

2 我们另邮寄样品一批，深信一旦你们有机会查看样品之后，定会承认该货品质优

良，价格合理。

Under separate cover, we are sending you a range of samples and when you have a

chance to examine them, we feel confident that you will agree that the goods are both excellent in quality and very reasonable in price.

artificial leather 人造革

3 收到你公司5月14号询价，得悉你对我们手工制人造革手套感兴趣。现将你所

需的详细资料，具有插图的目录和价格单附寄给你。

We have received your enquiry of 14th May and learn of your interest in our handmade

artificial leather gloves. We are enclosing our illustrated catalogue and price list giving the details you ask for.

model 型号

4 所附价格单和图解目录将给你提供有关你方最感兴趣的型号的具体情况。

The enclosed price list and illustrated catalogue will give you details of the model in

which you are especially interested.

Unit five

for form’s sake 为了手续起apply for 申请

import licence 进口许可证enable sb. to do sth. 使能够、使成为可能

1 形式发票是为了手续起见而寄给国外客户的一种发票。该发票通常是给客户申请

必要的进口许可证之用。

A proforma invoice is an invoice sent to buyers abroad for form’s sake.It is usually used

to enable buyers to apply for a necessary import licence.

serve as 作为subject to 以……为准final confirmation 最后确认

2 形式发票有时可作为正式报价单或价格单之用，其中所列价格，除非另有说明，

一般以卖方的最后确认为准。

Sometimes a proforma invoice serves as a formal quotation or a price list, and the prices

mentioned therein are usually subject to the final confirmation of the sellers, unless otherwise stated.

3 兹附上我方第3419号形式发票一式两份500辆永久牌自行车，19XX年10月交

货。我们想说明一下，该形式发票有效期至19XX年9月1日止。

Enclosed is our Proforma Invoice No.3419 in duplicate covering 500 Forever Brand

Bicycles for shipment during October, 19…We wish to state that the proforma invoice is valid till September 1, 19…

according to your request 按照你方要求

4 按照你方要求，随函附上我方罐头水果形式发票一式四份，供你申请进口许可证

之用。

According to your request, a proforma invoice in quadruplicate for our Canned Fruit is

enclosed for your applying for an import licence.

5 收到你方第312号形式发票，谢谢。我们正在申请许可证，一俟获准，当即函告。

Thank you for your proforma invoice No.312 。We are now applying for the import

licence. As soon as it is approved, we shall write to you.

poplin n.府绸; 毛葛dra w/invite one’s attention 引起……的注意

6 信内附上5万码府绸第1002号形式发票一式两份。请注意，所报价格以你方于

19XX年10月30日前接受为准，因其他客户对我方供应之货也有兴趣。

Attached to this letter is our Proforma Invoice No. 1002 in duplicate covering 50,000

yards poplin. We wish to draw your attention to the fact that the price quotated by us is subject to your acceptence before October 30, 19…, the reason being that many other buyers are also interested in our supplies.

7 为了你方申请必需的进口许可证，兹寄上形式发票第234号一式三份，其中价格

和交货期如有变动，我们将通知你方。

In order to enble you to apply for the necessary import licence, we are sending you

proforma Invoice No.234 in triplicate. Please note that if there is any change in price or delivery, we shall keep you informed.

P60 QIV

Your letter of August 11 has been received. As regards our quotation for poplin

shirts, we wish to state that we are prepared to allow you a special discout of 5% for this present order in consideration of our long business connection. However, it is to be understood that this concession should not be regarded as a precedent and that for subsequent orders our original price of US ＄60 per dozen shall be applied.

From the attached Proforma Invoice No.248, you will find that the price

indicated therein is CIF Lagos, inclusive of 5% discount. Please apply promptly for the necessary import licence and keep us informed of the licensing position. Should we fail to hear from you facourably before September 15, we shall not be able to reserve the goods for you.

We expect to receive your order soon.

CIF: Cost Insurance and Freight 到岸价格

Lagos: 尼日利亚的首都拉各斯

Unit seven

firm offer 实盘subject to 以……为准

1 我们确认已向你方电报下列商品实盘，以9月20日前复到有效。

We confirm having cabled you a firm offer for the following goods, subject to your reply

reaching us by September 20.

have learnt that 得知，获悉good demand 很大需求walnut 核桃

Quotation Sheet 报价单for sb’s c onsideration/reference 供……参考

2 获悉你地市场对核桃有很大需求，兹附上第6868号报价单供参考。

We have learnt that there is a good demand for walnuts in your market, and take this

opportunity of enclosing our Quotation Sheet No.6868 for your consideration.

in reply to 回复make an offer for 报价

3 你方6月3日来电要求我们报第33号毯子。现确认我方于6月6日电报向你方

报盘如下，该盘不受约束。

In reply to your cable of 3rd June, which asked us to make an offer for our Blanket No.33,

we wish to confirm our cable despatched on June 6 offering you without engagement the following:

find it very regrettable to 很遗憾be on the high side 偏高

no possibility of business 无法成交

4 你方7月9日来函收悉，谢谢。很遗憾，你方价格偏高，无法成交。

Thank you for your letter of July 9, we find it very regrettable to point out that your prices

appear to be on the high side and that there is no possibility of business.

P119 QVI

Dear Sirs

We thank you for your enquiry of Oct. 15 and enclose a catalogue and a price list

for bed-sheets. We are confident that these will give you all the details your required.

Our cotton bed-sheets are popular in the world market, and they sell quite well in

your neighboring districts. We are confident that there is a ready market in your area.

We hope that you lose no time considering an order to start business with us. In

order to have a close cooperation with you, we are ready to give you some discount for large quantities, say 20% discount for the quantity exceeding 100 pieces per item.

Our payment terms are by L/C at sight.

Time of delivery will be within 30 days after receipt of your L/C.

We look forward to the pleasure of receiving an order from you.

Unit eight

under separate cover for one’s reference moderate in price and excellent in quality

to one’s advantage 对……有利push sales of sth. 推销……

1 我们另由航空寄上新品种的样品供你参考。该新品种价格公道，品质极好，我们

认为及早推销对你们有利。

Under separate cover, we have airmailed samples of our new articles for your reference.

These new articles are moderate in price and excellent in quality. We think it will be to your advantage to push sales of them at an early date.

be not available 无货供应be available from stock 库存供应

prompt shipment 立即装运the interest of both parties 双方利益

2 由于所需的品种目前无货供应，我们想推荐下列库存产品，可以即装，我们这一

推荐是照顾到双方利益的。

Since the required articles are not available, we would like to recommend the

undermentioned products that are available from stock for prompt shipment. This recommendation is made in the interest of both parties.

electric fan 电扇

3 你11月15日来信收到，谢谢。货号2112电扇我们歉难推销，因为你方价格太

高，买方无意还盘。

While thanking you for your letter of Nov. 15 concerning electric fan Art.2112, we regret

being unable to promote sales as your price is too high to interest buyers to make a counter-offer.

with regard to 关于Guangzhou Fair 广交会relevant authorities 相关当局

4 关于申请参加广州交易会一事，我们正与有关当局联系。一旦申请获准，当即通

知你方。

With regard to your application for attending the Guangzhou Fair, we are contacting the

relevant authorities and shall inform you as soon as the application is approved.

with a view to/with an eye to/in order to 为了

poplin 府绸meet with a warm reception 受到热烈欢迎

5 为了支持你们推销，我们特地准备了一些府绸样品连同价格单随函附上，供你参

考。我们的府绸品质优良，价格公道，深受大多数欧洲国家欢迎，销售很快。我们认为我们的府绸在你市场销售是有利的。

With a view to supporting your sales, we have specially prepared some samples of our

poplin together with a price list, which are enclosed for your consideration. Owing to its superior quality and reasonable price, our poplin has met with a warm reception and quick sale in most European countries. We think it is to your advantage to buy this item for sale in your market.

P130 QIV

safes 保险箱be suitable for 适合outside/inside measurement 外观尺寸/内尺寸

fitting 配件stand 底座cover the adverstising expenses 补偿广告费用

as to 至于conflagration 大火，大火灾be in need of 需要

Dear Sirs

We thank you for your letter of June 18 and have pleasure to inform you that the

catalogue you asked for has been airmailed under separate cover.

With ragard to the safes you enquired for, we think No.4 as stated in our

catalogue is most suitable for your requirement. Its exact size is 30”X24”X24” i n outside measurement, and 26”X20”X20” in inside measurement.Its price, including all fittings but excluding stand, is ￡20 CIF5% Alexandria. If stands are required, an extra

charge of ￡3 for each is to be added. The usual commission we allow is 3%, but in your case, it has been specially raised to 5% so as to cover the adverstising expenses you may incur in sales promotion.

From the above quotation, you will no doubt notice that our price is lower than that of

other manufacturers. As to the quality of our safes, we can assure you that we always maintain the highest standard. Practical tests, which our safes have undergone in some conflagrations abroad, are sufficient evidence of their superiority. We can safely claim that documents and valuables once locked up in them are absolutely secure against theft and fire. With these outstanding features coupled with your efforts, the sales of our safe will undoubtedly be a success in your market.

If you are in need of any office appliances other than safes, please contact us and

we shall at all times be pleased to cooperate with you.

Unit nine

P147 QIV

Sewing Machine 缝纫机Sales Confirmation 销售确认书

for our file 以便我们存档colour assortment 颜色搭配

covering L/C in our favour以我方为抬头的信用证

L/C covering the above-mentioned goods 上述货物的有关信用证

with the least possible delay 毫不延迟的fully conform with 完全符合

1 你公司19XX年9月20日来函内附一千台缝纫机订单一纸已收到。兹附寄第346

号销售确认书一式二份，请签回一份以便存档。

We have received your letter of September 20, 19… together with an order for 1,000

Sewing Machines. Enclose is our Sales Confirmation No.346 in duplicate, one copy of which please sign and return to us for our file.

2 我已接受你方85号订单订购货号1002号印花布十万码。请告颜色搭配并按合同

规定的条款开立以我方为抬头的有关信用证。

Your Order No. 85 for 100,000 yards of Cotton Prints Art. No. 1002 has been booked.

Please let us know the colour assortment at once and open the covering L/C in our favour according to the terms contracted.

3 我们得悉上述货物的有关信用证即将开出。请放心，一收到你方信用证，我方将

尽早安排第一艘可以订得舱位的轮船装运。

We learn that an L/C covering the above-mentioned goods will be established

immediately. You may rest assured that we will arrange for despatch by the first available steamer with the least possible delay upon receipt of your L/C.

4 请你方注意，信用证的条款必须与我方售货确认书的条款完全相符，以免日后修

改。

Please note that the stipulations in the relevant credit should fully conform with the terms

as stated in our S/C in order to avoid subsequent amendments.

P147 QIV

serge 毛哔叽replenish our stock 补进库存

ruling price 现行价格day by day 逐日

Dear Sirs

We thank you for your order of September 10 for brown serge, but regret being

unable to entertain it because since we offered you on August 15, the price has risen considerably. We ourselves even could hardly replenish our stock at the price quoted you previously. It is hoped that you will understand the position we are facing.

May we inform you that the ruling price for the article on your order is now at

US＄1.05 per yard FOB Shanghai. However, in order to finalize this first transaction between us, we are prepared to allow you a 2% discount on the above rate.

We sincerely recommend you to accept our proposal as our stocks are getting

lower day by day, and we are afraid we shall be unable to meet your requirements if you fail to let us have your confirmation be return.

Unit ten

P163 QV

1 请注意，付款是以保兑的、不可撤销的、允许分装和转船、见票即付的信用证支

付。

Please note that payment is to be made by confirmed, irrevocable L/C allowing partial

shipment(s) and transhipment, available by draft at sight.

2 我们的付款方式，一般是以保兑的，不可撤销的，以我公司为收益人的，按发票

金额见票即付的信用证支付。该信用证应通过我们认可的银行开出。

Our usual mode of payment is by confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit, available by draft

at sight for the full amount of the invoice value to be established in our favour through a bank acceptable to us.

3 我们通常的做法是凭即期付款交单而不用信用证。因此，我们希望你对这笔交易

和今后交易也接受付款交单方式。

It has been our usual practice to do business with payment by D/P at sight instead of by

L/C. We should, therefore, like you to accept D/P terms for this transaction and future ones.

4 对你方1156号订单，我们可以接受你们所提的用远期汇票支付的建议。货物装

出后，我们将向你方开出60天期的汇票，请到期即付。

Your proposal for payment by time for order No.1156 is acceptable to us, and we shall

draw on you at 60 days’ sight after the goods have been shipped. Please honour our draft when it falls due.

5 为了你方在你市场推销我方产品铺平道路，我方将接受即期付款交单方式付款，

以示特别照顾.

In order to pave the way for your pushing the sale of our products in your market, we will

accept the payment by D/P at sight as a special accommodation.

6 你方以付款交单方式付款的要求，我方已予考虑。鉴于这笔交易金额甚微，我们

准备以此方式办理装运。

Your request for payment by D/P has been taken into consideration. In view of the samll

amout of this transation, we are prepared to effect shipment on this (D/P) basis.

P174 QIV

1 第268号合约项下的800辆自行车备妥待运已久，但至今我们尚未收到你们的有

关信用证。请速开来，以便装运。

The 800 bicycles under Contract 268 have been ready for shipment for quite some time,

but we have not yet received your covering L/C to date. Please open the L/C as soon as possible so that we may effect shipment.

2 如你方信用证在月底前到达我处，我们将尽最大努力在下月初安排你们所定的

货。

If your L/C reaches us by the end of this month, we will exert our utmost efforts to

arrange shipment of your ordered goods at the beginning of next month.

3 由于你方没有及时开立有关第1033号售货证明书的信用证，我们不得不撤销这

份确认书，并要你方负担由此产生的一切损失。

As you have failed to establish in time the L/C covering our sales confirmation No. 1033,

we have to rescind(recall) this sales confirmation and hold you responsible for all the losses arising therefrom.

4 你方可能记得，按照我方第321号售货确认书规定，有关信用证应不迟于11月

15日到达我处。因此，希望你方及时开证，以免耽误装运。

You may recall that according to the stipulations of our S/C No. 321, the relevant L/C

should reach us not later than Nov. 15. We, therefore, hope that you will open it in time so as to avoid any delay in effecting shipment.

5 我们想指出，我方第112号售货确认书（你方第4831号订单）项下的货物备妥

待运已久，我们一直在等候你方的信用证，可是很遗憾，我们既没有收到该信用证也没有从你处听到有关这方面的任何消息。请见信后即告你方在开立信用证上究竟有何困难。

We wish to point out that the goods under our S/C No. 112(your Order No.4831) have

been ready for shipment for a long time. We have been waiting for the arrival of your L/C but regretfully no L/C has been received by us nor have we heard anything from you in this respect. Please let us know upon receipts of this letter whether you have any difficulties in opening the L/C.

P184 QV

1 你方4567号信用证条款中，我们发现有下列两点与合同条款不符：

（1）……；（2）……

货已备妥待运，请即电报修改你方信用证。

Among the clauses specified in your Credit No.4567, we find that the following two

points do not conform to the contract stipulations:

(1)……；(2)……

As the goods are now ready for shipment, you are requested to amend the L/C by cable as

soon as possible.

2 现通知，你方通过利物浦麦加利银行开出的有关我方第187号售货确认书的信用

证第H-15号刚刚收到。经审阅其中条款，我们遗憾地发现某些地方与合同规定的条款不符，其不符之处如下：

1）佣金应是3％，不是6％

2）货物应于10月11月之间装运，不是10月30日或30日之前装运

3）货物按发票价值的110％投保保险，不是150％。

We are pleased to inform you that L/C No. H-15 issued by the Chartered Bank of

Liverpool for our S/C No. 187 has just been received. However , on examining the clauses contained therein, we regretfully find that certain points are not in conformity with the terms stipulated in the contract. The discrepancies are as follows:

1) Commission is 3%, not 6%.

2) Shipment is to be made during Oct./Nov. instead of “on or before 30th October”.

3) Goods should be insured for 110% of the invoice value, not 150%

3 请把你方4761号信用证的装船期和有效期分别展至19XX年11月30日和12月

15日，并注意修改通知书要在19XX年10月30日前到达我处，否则我方绝不可能在11月份装运。

Please extend the shipment date and the validity of your L/C No.4761 to November 30

and December 15, 19… respectively and see to it that the amendment advice re aches us by October 30,19…，failing which it will be absolutely impossible for us to ship the goods in November.

4 十分遗憾，我们不能按你方要求把我方第145号信用证展期。因为目前进口规章

不允许延长进口许可证的有效期。我们要指出，这不是我们不愿与你方合作，而是没有能力满足你方展期的要求。在此情况下，我们别无它法，只得请你方按合同规定装运。

Much to our regret, we are unable to comply with your request for an extension to our

L/C No.145, the reason being that the present import regulations do not permit any extension of import licence. We wish to point out (that) it is not that we are unwilling to cooperate with you but it is beyond our ability to meet your request fot an extension. In the circumstances, we can do nothing but ask you to be so kind as to ship the goods as contracted.

5 我方第135号合约内明确规定该笔交易的佣金为3%。但发现你方第557号信用

证要求佣金5%，这显然与合约条款不符。为此，请通知你方银行把信用证改为佣金3%，不胜感激。

The commission allowed for this transaction is 3% as clearly stipulated in our Contract

No.135, but we find that your L/C No.557 demands a commission of 5%. This is obviously not in line with the contract stipulations. We shall therefore be grateful if you will instruct your bankers to amend the L/C to read “commission 3%”.

6 收到你方789号信用证，谢谢。经核对条款，我们遗憾地发现你方信用证要求

19XX年10月装运，但我方合约规定11月份装运。因此，务请把装运期和议付期分别展至19XX年11月30日和12月15日。请即办理展证事宜，并尽早电复。We thank you for your L/C No.789, but on checking its clauses we find with regret that

your L/C calls for shipment in October,19…, whereas our contract stipulate for November shipment. Therefore, it is imperative for your to extend the shipment date to November 30, and negotiation date to December 15,19… respectively. Pleas e act promptly and let us have your cable reply the soonest possible.

Unit eleven

P198 QIV

1 纸板箱作为一种包装容器已在国际贸易中广泛使用，因此，对它们的适航性，你

们不必担心。

Cartons as a kind of packing container have been extensively used in international trade.

Therefore, you need not worry about their seaworthiness.

2 据我们所知，保险公司接受投保纸板箱装的货物的偷窃、提货不着险。万一发

生偷窃，你们可以放心，保险公司将会给予赔偿。

So far as we know, insurance companies accept goods packed in cartons to be insured

against TPND. In case of theft and pilferage , you may be assured that you will get indemnification from the insurance company concerned.

3 纸板箱装的货物被窃的痕迹比装木箱的易于察觉，这将有助于你们从保险公司那

里得到赔偿。

The traces of pilferage are easier to be found out for the goods packed in cartons than in

wooden cases. Therefore, they will help you to get compensation from the insurance company.

4 我们男衬衫的包装为每件套一塑料袋，5打装一纸箱。内衬防潮纸，外打铁箍两

道。

The packing of our Men’s Shirts is each in a polybag, 5 dozen to a carton lined with

waterproof paper and bound with two iron straps outside.

5 运到我们口岸的货物必须在汉堡转船，因此你们的包装必须具有适航性，并能经

得起运输途中的粗鲁搬运。

It is necessay to make transhipment at Hamburg for goods to be shipped to our port.

Therefore, your packing must be seaworthy and can stand rough handling during transit.

6 你们的人参酒质量很好，但包装较差，瓶子易碎，纸盒太薄，对我们今后的订货，

请每瓶套一只泡沫塑料套，并装在较厚的纸盒内，否则，我们只能放弃这项业务。The quality of your Ginseng Wine is fine, but its packing is rather poor. Bottles are

subjected to breakage and paper boxes is very thin. Please put each bottle in a foam plastic casing and then in a thicker paper box for our future orders, otherwise, we shall be compelled to give up this business.

P200 QIV

Dear Sirs

In reply to your letter of the 31st August inquring about the packing of our Trip

Scissors, we wish to state as follows:

Our export Trip Scissors are packed in boxes of one dozen each, 100 boxes to a

carton. The dimensions are 17cm high, 30cm wide and 50cm long with a volume of about 0.026 cubic meter. The gross weight is 23.5kg. While the net weight is 22.5kg. As to the shipping marks outside the carton, in addition to the gross, net weights and tare, the wording “MADE IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA”is also stencilled on the package. Should you have any special preference in this respect, please let us know and we will meet you to the best of our ability.

Taking this opportunity, we would like to inform you that we used to pack our

scissors in wooden cases but after several trial shipments in carton packing, we found our cartons just as seaworthy as wooden cases. Besides, cartons are less expensive, lighter to carry and cost lower freight. So, nowadays more and more clients are proferring to carry and cost lower freight. So, nowadays more and more clients are preferring carton packing to wooden case packing. We trust that you will agree to our opinion and accept our carton packing.

We thank you in advance for your early reply.

Unit twelve

P214 QIII

see to 注意usual practice 惯例be submitted to 提交

as promptly/soon as possible 尽快

provide sb. with ample/adequate/enough/sufficient time 提供XX足够的时间

the party at default 过错方

the Shanghai Commodity Inspection Bureau 上海商品检验局

amount to 总计in the absence/presence of 当……不在/在时

at a slightly higher premium 保费稍高for your account 你方负担

the insurance agents at your end 在你处的保险代理

survey report 检验报告

1 请注意上述货物须在6月15日前装运，并按发票金额150%投保综合险。我们知

道按一般惯例，你们只按发票金额110%投保，因此额外保险费将由我们负担。Please see to it that the obove-mentioned goods are to be shipped before 15th June and

insured against All Risks for 150% of the invoice value. We know that according to your usual practice, you insure the goods only for 110% of the invoice value, therefore, the extra premium will be borne by us.

2 有关保险的索赔案件应尽快提交保险公司或其代理商以便他们有足够时间去向

造成过错的有关方面进行追偿。

An insurance claim should be submitted to the insurance company or its agent as

promptly as possible so as to provide the insurance company or its agent with ample time to pursue recovery from the relative party at fault.

3 我们遗憾的通知你们，发票所列第8箱，内装10台打印机，在货到达时，其中

8台严重受损。现附上上海商品检验局所签发的检验证明和船公司代理的报告书，想必你方在解决我们上述3,000美元的索赔方面，不会有困难。

We regret to inform you that Case No.8 was invoiced as containing 10 type writters, eight

of which badly damaged upon arrival. We enclose an inspection certificate issued by the Shanghai Commodity Inspection Bureau and the shipping agent’s statement and hope that no difficulty will arise in the settlement of our above claim amounting to US$3,000.00.

4 在没有得到你方明确的保险要求情况下，我们按惯例把你所订购之货按发票金额

110%投保了水渍险。

In the absence of your definite instructions regarding insurance, we covered your ordered

goods against W.P.A. for 110% of the invoice value according to our usual practice.

5 如你方希望将货物投保综合险。我们可以代为投保，但保费稍高，保费差额由你

方负担。

If you desire to cover your goods against All Risks, we can provide such coverage, but

at a slightly higher premium, the difference of which will be for your account.

6 如果货物发生损坏，你方可在货到达目的港30天内凭公证行的检验报告与你处

保险代理行联系并向他们提出索赔。

Should any damage be incurred, you may, within 30 days after the arrival of the

consignment at the port of destination, approach the insurance agents at your end and file your claim with them supported by a survey report.

7 如货物在到达目的港后需立即转运至内陆城市或其他港口，我们可以代你方投保

内陆险，额外保费将记在你方账上。

If the goods, after arrival at the port of destination, are to be transported immediately to

an inland city or other port, we may cover the inland insurance on your behalf and debit you with the additional premium.

P214 QV

Regarding credit and reputation as its life and excellent service as its philosophy,

the People’s Insurance Company of China has branches and business networks all over the world. By using modern management technology and means, the company provides the domestic and foreign customers with various services in connection with insurance, so as to ensure social production conducted smoothly. The People’s Insurance Company of China plays more important roles in the process of insurance system reform and enabling itself to more effectively provide proper service for our country’s economic development.

Unit thirteen

P231 QIII

1 按318号合同条款，货物应于1月20日前装运。我们最迟需在1月31日前拿到

提单，相信你方会按期发运货物，因为任何贻误势必给我们造成很大不便和经济损失。

According to the terms of Contract No.318, shipment is to be effected by the 20th Jan.,

and we must have the B/L by the 31st at the latest. We trust you will ship the order within the stipulated time as any delay would cause us no little inconvenience and financial loss.

2 我们遗憾不能按你方要求于12月初装运此货，因为驶往伦敦港的直达船仅在每

月20日左右抵达我港。sail for 乘船往..., (船)开往call at 停靠

We regret our inability to comply with your request for shipping the goods in early

December, because the direct steamer sailing for London calls at our Port only around the 20th every month..

3 兹通知1234号定单名下之货已于11月30日装直达船“红星”轮，有关货样已于

该轮启程前航空寄给你方。

We are pleased to inform you that the goods under your Order No.1234 were shipped by

the direct steamer “Red Star ” on Nov.30, and the relevant shipping samples had been dispatched to you by air before the steamer sailed.

4 直到现在我们还没收到有关我方465号订单即你方8269号合同的交货消息。毫

无疑问，一定是由于某种原因耽误了装运。我们已电告你方，信用证已展至11月底，相信不日就能听到你方有关此事的消息。

Up to now, we have not heard anything from you about the shipment of your Contract

No.8269 against our Order No.456. No doubt there must have been some reason for the delay in shipment and we cabled you that we were extending the L/C to the end of Nov.……We feel sure we shall soon be hearing from you about this business.

5 我们迄今犹未得到有关你订货的装运要求。我们只得取消已定的舱位。

Having received no instructions from you regarding the shipment of your order, we have

now been compelled to cancel the shipping space already booked.

6 你们似乎对交货期不太重视。事实上，货物按信用证规定装运是非常重要的。你

若不那样做，那么对因迟延交货而造成的损失你们必须负责。

It seems that you paid little regard to the date of shipment. In fact, it is very important that

the goods be shipped according to the time as stipulated in the L/C. If not, you should be responsible for any loss arising from the delay in shipment.

7 关于你方第80号定单项下的500架缝纫机，我们已于11月30日装“东风”轮运

出。相信该货物不久即可抵达你处。请把你方用户对我缝纫机质量的反映告诉我们。With regard to your Order No. 80 for 500 Sewing Machines, we shipped the goods by s.s.

“East Wind” on 30th Nov. We trust that this shipment will arrive at your end shortly. Please let us have the comments of your end-users on the quality of our Sewing Machines.

8 我们绝大多数客户认为我们的纸板箱是适合海洋运输的。

Most of our clients regard our cartons as being strong enough to withstand ocean

transportation.

P231 QIV

Dear Sirs:

We have received your letter of June 17th. With regard to our Purchase Contract

No.80616 for 3,000 sets of Double Offset Ring Spanners, we write to inform you as follows:

According to the contract stipulations, the above-mentioned goods should be

shipped in three lots in April, June and August, but up to the present moment even the first lot has not been shipped. Our end-users are waiting for the goods and they are very much surprised that you should have been much behind with the delivery.

Please do your utmost to ship the first and second lots together by the end of June;

Otherwise our clients would feel dissatisfied with your delay (in shipment) and would probably have to cancel the order by covering their requirements elsewhere.

Upon receipt of this letter please let us know the exact date of shipment.

Unit fourteen

P250 QIV

1 我们对你提出作为我们坯布独家代理一事，深表感谢。鉴于彼此尚不熟悉，我们

认为达成一些实际交易之后再来考虑此事较为妥当。

We appreciate your proposal to act as our sole agent for the sale of our Grey Cotton Piece

Goods. As we are not well acquainted with each other, we think it advisable to take the matter into consideration later when some practical transaction have been concluded.

2 待你们的交易成绩足以表明可以委托你方为独家代理时，我们将考虑此事。

We shall be glad to consider appointing you as our sole agent at the time when your sales

records justify our doing so.

3 希望你方在了解了我们的销售能力以后，会考虑给我们手提盒式录音机的独家

经销权。

We hope that, after knowing our sales ability, you will consider according us the exclusive

selling right for your portable cassette recorders.

4 要是我们知道你方的推销计划以及你处市场的每年销售量，这将对我们有很大帮

助。

It would help us considerably to if we know your plan for promoting sales and the annual

turnover you may realize in your market.

5 经考虑你方的提议以及调查你们的业务情况以后，我们决定以下列条款为准委托

你在你方提议的地区内作为我们的代理。

After paying due consideration to your proposals and investigating your business standing,

we have decided to appoint you our agent in the district you defined, subject to the following terms and conditions.

6 一旦达成协议，你必须保证每月订购一定的数量，这样我们才能确保经常供应。

In case we come to an agreement, it would be necessary for you to commit yourself to

place orders for a certain quantity every month. In this way we shall be able to ensure regular supply.

7 由于订货甚多，我们目前不能接受新订单。

Owing to heavy commitments, we cannot accept fresh orders at present.

Unit fifteen

P265 QII

1 关于7月8日所定拖拉机迟交一事，很遗憾，我们不得不抱怨。虽然，你们保证

在9月中交货，但直到本周我们才收到订货，你方知道我们是在你方保证的基础上才向你方订购的。

We regret to have to complain about the late delivery of the tractors ordered on 8th July.

We did not receive them until this week though you guaranteed September delivery. As you know, it was on the basis of this guarantee that we placed the order with you.

2 由于你方提出的异议与我们试验的结果不一致，因此要求你方做另一次检查，以

便证明是否有理由提出索赔。

As your complaint does not agree with the result of our own test, you are requested to

conduct another examination to show if there is any ground for claim.

3 继续延误解决这一索赔案件定当严重影响你方信誉，因此，你方必须立即改正错

误。

Any further delay in settling this claim will certainly reflect seriously on your credit,

therefore, you must adjust these errors immediately.

4 由于厂方有许多积累的订货需要赶制，我们目前歉难增加供应。

We regret being unable to increase our supply for the moment as our manufacturers have

many back orders to catch up with.

Dear Sirs

We learn from your letter of September 20 that one case of our shipment under your

Order No.43 arrived in a badly damaged condition. As the goods were packed in new strong wooden cases suitable for long distance ocean transportation, we can only conclude that the case has been stored and handled carelessly.

On receipt of your letter under reply we immediately appointed a surveyor at your

end to inspect the damaged case with one of your staff members on the spot where the case was lying. On october 3 came the surveyor’s report stating that to all appearance the case in question had been either left out in heavy shower of rain, or else dropped into some water, and your staff member being impartial and firiendly, on seeing the condition, admitted that it was the case.

We then instructed our forwarding department to further investigate the matter. The

carrier has been communicated with, and informs us that the whole shipment arrived in good condition. They can be certain that the damage occurred during the time the goods were in your hands. In such circumstances, we regret having to say that we are not liable for the damage.

As we know, that case contains some important spare parts of our knitting machines,

without which the machines will not work, we shall therefore be pleased to put in hand a repeat of the supply of the spare at the prices invoiced if you think it necessay, and we shall do our best to deliver them to you witnin a fortnight.

We await your reply.

综合教程3(上海外语教育出版社)课后翻译答案

Unit1 (1)听到他屡遭失败的消息，我感到很难过 It distressed me a great deal to hear the news that he had suffered repeated failures. (2)他虽然失去了老板的欢心，但仍然装出一副高兴的样子 He assumed an air of cheerfulness, even though he lost favor with his boss. (3) 格列佛经历了冒险奇遇，见到了各色奇异人物 Gulliver met with extraordinary adventures and saw an assortment of strange people. (4)如果你再犯同样的错误，他会很生你的气 He will be furious with you if you repeat the same mistake. (5)我们都被他坦率的观点，、幽默的语言和亲切的态度所深深吸引 We were all greatly drawn by his frank views, humorous words and genial manner. (6)等到欢呼的掌声平息下来，那位若贝尔奖获得者开始演讲 After cheerful applause died down, the Nobel Prize winner began his speech. (7)他天生有一种特别的洞察力和预见力，因此，他很少随大流 He is gifted with a sort of insight and foresight, so he rarely runs with the crowd. (8) 我发现现实毕竟是非常严酷的，一个人难以完全按照自己的理想去生活。

上海科技出版社七年级下册信息技术教案

(此文档为word格式，下载后您可任意编辑修改！) 上海科技教育出版社 湖南省九年义务教育实验教科书 信息技术教案七年级（下册） 备课人：冯霞

安化县仙溪镇安化八中学校 201４年春季

七年级信息技术教案 第一单元 家乡的名人——文字的处理与交流 活动1 设计电子小报 教学目标： 知识目标：确定电子小报的内容与版面 能力目标：利用Microsoft Office Word输入自己的要设计的电子小报的中心内容，确定要介绍的人物和主题、稿件内容，对小报版面进行规划和设计的过程中，掌握Microsoft Office Word的一些基本技巧。 情感目标：感受自己的作品设计，为自己制作电子小报提供自信的基础。 教学重、难点： 重点：电子小报的设计 难点：自主探究和小组协作方法的引导 教学方法： 欣赏、演示、合作、操作、评价、反馈 教学课时：2课时 教学准备：优秀作品设计 教学过程： 第一课时 一、展示优秀的电子小报设计方案（5分钟） 提问：这个设计方案中包含了哪些内容？ 教师引领学生说出小报设计的几个特点： 1、小报设计的主题明确，关键词通俗易懂。 2、小报设计的版面布局简单明了，绘制的草图看起来美观。 二、确定小报内容 步骤1：确定小报主题（15分钟） 在教师的带领下，完成教材第3页的学习单： ◆我准备介绍的名人是： ◆我确定的小报主题是： ◆我对栏目设置的考虑： [分组探讨]将各小组的同学聚集在一起讨论小组将要完成的小报设计中介绍的名人、主题以及将要准备的内容的大致布局。

讨论完成后，各小组各派一名代表说说自己这一组的设计思路，与同学一起分享，然后和其他小组的同学一起相互评价，看看各小组的小报设计各有什么不同的优点和不足之处。 步骤2：确定版面内容（15分钟） 主题确定后，可以开始构思应该在版面上刊登哪些内容的文稿，并据此大致确定版面大小和版面数。 在教师的带领下，完成教材第4页的学习单： ◆我的小报计划编_____个版面，各版的主要内容是： ________________ ___________________________________________________________ _____ 步骤3：收集与选择素材 （1）多途径收集与小报主题、版面内容相关的文字、图片资料，并准备一些相关的装饰图或花边等素材。 （2）从收集的文稿中选出内容真实、可靠，文笔流畅的备用。 （3）对选出的文稿进行修改、润色，并注意根据版面需要，对过长的文稿进行删减、修改或添加插图，使之更符合表现主题的需 要。 [操作技巧][教师演示]字数统计 1、在Word中打开文档，选中要统计字数的内容，选择“工具” 菜单中的“字数统计”命令。 2、在“字数统计”对话框中查看选中内容的字数、段落数和 行数等信息，单击“关闭”按钮关闭对话框。 在教师的带领下，完成教材第5页的学习单： 三、各小组派一名成员将自己组内的设计内容分享给全班同学，然 后相互评价，找出其中的优点与不足之处。然后，针对其他同学 的建议进行修改。（5分钟） 四、填写上机登记报告册（2分钟） 第二课时 五、将上节课已经完成的小报内容的设计拿出来，对版面进行适当 的编排设计，合理安排报头和各篇文章的图文在版面上的位置、

外贸英语函电考查大纲

外贸英语函电课程提纲 （2013 ---2014 学年第 2 学期） 级别：2011 学院：国际教育学院 专业：双学位国际经济与贸易班级：1班、2班 一、【课程信息】 课程名称：外贸英语函电 课程代码： 周学时：3 学分：3 考试性质：考查 二、【教师信息】： 授课教师电话E-mail 办公室答疑时间 忻艺珂12 210 周三7、8节（请预约） 上课时间与地点周三1、2节14033 周四1、2节（仅双周）2102 三、【课程描述（课程简介）】： 《外贸英语函电》课程的目标是：经过48个学时的教学，使学生掌握一定的商务函电基础知识和技能，熟悉各种商务函电的组成结构，掌握各种信件、电报和传真的写作方法，同时要求学生了解各种函电的写作风格，以及特殊的表现形式。 此课程是国际经济与贸易专业的专业核心选修课，以《国际贸易实务》课程为基础，是《商务英语》和《外贸英语》等课程的延展课。学生可将其作为实际外贸业务应用的参考，特别是对商务函电往来的环节和贸易术语的学习有重要作用。学生需有较好的英文听、说、读、写、译能力。 四、【课程目的】 通过本课程的学习，使学生对大纲范围内的商务英语函电的内容有比较系统和全面的了解，掌握商务英语函电的基本词汇、英语术语、缩略语、惯用句型和表达方法和基本格式，熟悉商务活动中的成交过程及各个环节和特点，掌握阅读和书写商业书信和来往函电的技能，根据实际工作需要，综合训练英语口语和写作交际能力，商务知识，谈判技巧，商务单证和电子商务运用能力。能够通过电子邮件商务函电写作形式，独立进行网络信息查询、产品信息发布、网站和产品宣传、与客户利用现代交际工具进行勾通，具有一定的拓展业务的能力。 课程的设计围绕岗位应用，紧跟现代网络营销技术和手段，使用案例教学，突

上海外语教育出版社 泛读教程 王守仁 姚媛 第三册 7-9单元 参考答案

Unit 7 Section A Word Pretest ABABC BAC Reading Skill BBBCC BCB V ocabulary Building 1. deduced behavior adhere replacement option delicacy enormous pursuit 2. (1) inquired required inquire required (2) compatible comparable compatible comparable Cloze satellite some space asked/wondered life sort/kind orbiting/going/circling have living were believe own solar where likely living through Section B FTFF TTTTT FFF BBC ACC Section C BCBCC AED EBAFDC UNIT 8 Section A Word Pretest BCABC BBCCA Reading Skill CBABC BCCCC

1. occupation occupy occupational occupationally segregation segregate segregated discrimination discriminate discriminating/discriminatory discriminatingly/discriminatorily enforcement enforce enforceable enforceably exclusion exclude exclusive exclusively perseverance persevere persevering perseveringly conviction convict convictive convectively amendment amend amendable superficiality superficialize superficial superficially spectator spectate spectatorial 2. job career jobs career principal principles principal principle feminine female feminine Cloze acceptable domestic property wages husband divorce claims legal suit permitted make excluded lacked belonged determined Section B BAC CCCA CCC AAB BAC TTF Section C CCAACB UNIT 9 Word Pretest BAABC ACBBA BC Reading Skill CACCB BBBBA CB

系统科学参考资料

systematic scientific methods; system science method; systematic scientific method; system science methods; 系统科学方法" 英文对照 1、是对系统方法、反馈方法、功能模拟方法、信息方法等现代科学方法的统称。△形象点说,系统科学是这些方法产生的母体,而这些新型方法则是系统科学的结晶,因而我们把这些方法统称为系统科学方法。(庞元正《现代思维与改革》) 查看全文 "系统科学方法" 在工具书中的解释 1、1.现代系统科学方法的基本观点所谓系统科学方法是指以系统论、控制论、信息论和耗散结构论、协同论、突变论的基本思想和方法 文献来源 "系统科学方法" 在学术文献中的解释 科学 系统 系统科学 "系统科学方法" 在工具书中的参考阅读 研究 "系统科学方法" 相关问题的主要学者 黄强 李明锋 畅建霞 马来平 王惠珍 陈有亮 王义民 王方华 王继荣 涂国平 陈依元 王凡 孟庆云 李丹 柳晓春 肖萍 李自强 张文泉 李妍 乌杰 《系统辩证学学报》 乌杰系统科学网https://www.wendangku.net/doc/322253652.html,/Default.asp 系统科学中文书目 N.维纳《控制论》,郝季仁译，科学出版社，1962。 H.格林尼斯基《控制论简述》,科学出版社，1963。 W.R.艾什比《控制论导论》，张理京译，科学出版社，1965。 [奥]埃尔温·薛定谔《生命是什么？》上海人民出版社，1973。 N.维纳《人有人的用处》,陈步译，商务印书馆，1978。

冯.诺意曼《计算机和人脑》，甘子玉译，商务印书馆，1979。 W.B.坎农《躯体的智慧》，范岳年魏有仁译，商务印书馆，1980。 [苏]А.Я.列尔涅尔《控制论基础》，刘定一译，科学出版社，1980。 涂序彦潘华郭江黄秉宪编《生物控制论》，科学出版社，1980。 奥斯卡·兰格《经济控制论导论》，杨小凯译，中国社会科学出版社，1981。 M.A.阿尔贝勃《大脑、机器和数学》，朱熹豪金观涛译，商务印书馆，1982。 P.卡洛《生物机器--研究生命的控制论途径》，科学出版社，1982。， 湛垦华沈小峰等编《普里高津与耗散结构理论》。，陕西科学技术出版社，1982。 金观涛华国凡《控制论和思想方法论》，科学普及出版社，1983。 魏宏森《系统科学方法论导论》，人民出版社，1983。 金观涛刘青峰《兴盛与危机》，湖南人民出版社，1984。 H.哈肯《协同学--引论物理学、化学和生物学中的非平衡相变和自组织》，徐锡申等译，原子能出版社，1984。 A.F.G.汉肯《控制论和社会》，黎鸣译，商务印书馆，1984。 瓦·尼·萨多夫斯基《一般系统论原理》，贾泽林等译，人民出版社，1984。 黄麟雏李继宗邹珊刚《系统思想与方法》，陕西人民出版社，1984。 赫伯特·A·西蒙《关于人为事物的科学》，杨砾译，解放军出版社，1985。 [美]E.拉兹洛《用系统论的观点看世界》，闵家胤译，上国社会科学出版社，1985。 伊·普里戈金《从存在到演化》，曾庆宏等译，上海科学技术出版社，1986。 尼科利斯普里戈京合著《非平衡系统的自组织》，徐锡申等译，科学出版社，1986。 尼柯里斯普利高津合著《探索复杂性》，罗久星等译，四川教育出版社，1986。 王雨田主编《控制论、信息论、系统科学和哲学》，中国人民大学出版社，1986。 李如生编著《非平衡态热力学和耗散结构》，清华大学出版社，1986。 [美]拉·迈尔斯主编《系统思想》，杨志信、葛明浩译，四川人民出版社，1986。 [美]司马贺（Herbert A.Simon）《人类的认知--思维的信息加工理论》，荆其诚张厚粲译，科学出版社，1986。 宋毅何国祥编著《耗散结构论》，中国展望出版社，1986。 杨士尧编著《系统科学导论》，农业出版社，1986． 路·冯·贝塔朗菲《一般系统论--基础、发展、应用》,秋同、袁嘉新译，社会科学文献出版社,1987。 [美]冯·贝塔朗菲《一般系统论--基础、发展和应用》,林康义等译，清华大学文献出版社,1987。 E.拉兹洛《系统、结构和经验》，李创同译，上海译文出版社，1987。 普里戈金斯唐热合著《从混沌到有序》，曾庆宏沈小峰译，上海译文出版社，1987。 金观涛《整体的哲学》，四川人民出版社，1987。 邹珊刚、黄麟雏等《系统科学》，上海人民出版社，1987。 沈小峰胡岗姜璐编著《耗散结构论》，上海人民出版社，1987。 杰里米·里夫金《熵：一种新的世界观》，吕明袁舟译，上海译文出版社，1987。 H.哈肯《协同学——自然成功的奥秘》，载呜钟译，上海科学普及出版社，1988。 霍绍周编著《系统论》，科学技术文献出版社，1988。 拉兹洛《进化——广义综合理论》，社会科学文献出版社，1988。 金观涛《我的哲学探索》，上海人民出版社，1988。 勒内·托姆《突变论：思想和应用》，周仲良译，上海译文出版社，1989。 陈禹《关于系统的对话--现象、启示与探讨》，中国人民大学出版社，1989。 马清健《系统和辩证法》，求实出版社，1989。 [美]詹姆斯·格莱克《混沌--开创新科学》，张淑誉译，上海译文出版社，1990。

八年级物理上上海科学技术出版社

第二章运动的世界 第一节动与静 机械运动：在物理学中，把一个物体相对于另一个物体位置的变化称为机械运动，简称运动。 参照物：为研究物体的运动假定不动的物体叫做参照物。 参照物的选择：任何物体都可做参照物。研究地面上物体的运动情况时，通常选地面为参照物。不能选被研究的物体作参照物。 选择不同的参照物来观察同一个物体结论可能不同。同一个物体是运动还是静止取决于所选的参照物，这就是运动和静止的相对性。 第二节长度与时间的测量 测量长度的常用工具：刻度尺 刻度尺的使用方法： 1、刻度尺要放正，有刻度的一边要紧靠被测物体； 2、读数时视线要与尺面垂直； 3、要估读到分度值的下一位数，并记下单位； 4、多次测量取平均值。 长度的单位： 长度基本单位为米（m）； 比米大的有千米（km），比米小的长度单位有分米(dm)、厘米(cm)、毫米(mm)、微米(um)、

纳米(nm)等。 长度换算： 1m =10dm=102cm=103mm=106um=109nm 时间单位： 时间基本单位为秒（s），比秒大的时间单位有时（h）、分(min)；比秒小的时间单位有毫秒（ms）、微秒(us)等。 时间换算：1h=60min； 1min=60s； 1s=103ms； 1ms=103us。 误差： ①定义：测量值和真实值之间的差异叫做误差。 ②产生原因：测量仪器、测量方法、测量的人。 ③减少误差方法：多次测量求平均值、选用精密测量工具、改进测量方法。 ④误差与错误区别：错误不该发生能够避免，误差永远存在不能避免 第三节快与慢 在物理学中，用速度，即物体在单位时间内通过的路程的多少，来比较物体运动的快与慢。比较物体运动快慢的方法： ⑴时间相同，路程长则运动快 ⑵路程相同，时间短则运动快 ⑶比较单位时间内通过的路程。

七年级数学,上海科技出版社

第一章 有理数 一．正数和负数 ⒈正数和负数的概念 负数：比0 小的数 正数：比0大的数 0既不是正数，也不是负数 注意：①字母 a 可以表示任意数，当 a 表示正数时，-a 是负数；当 a 表示负数时，-a 是正 数；当a 表示0时，-a 仍是0。（如果出判断题为：带正号的数是正数，带负号的数是负数， 这种说法是错误的，例如+a,-a 就不能做出简单判断） ② 正数有时也可以在前面加“+”，有时“+”省略不写。所以省略“+”的正数的符号是正号。 2. 具有相反意义的量 若正数表示某种意义的量，则负数可以表示具有与该正数相反意义的量，比如： 零上 8℃表示为：+8℃；零下 8℃表示为：-8℃ 支出与收入;增加与减少;盈利与亏损;北与南;东与西;涨与跌;增长与降低等等是相对相反 量，它们计数： 比原先多了的数,增加增长了的数一般记为正数;相反，比原先少了的数，减少降低了的数一 般记为负数。 3.0 表示的意义 ⑴0 表示“ 没有”，如教室里有 0 个人，就是说教室里没有人； ⑵0 是正数和负数的分界线，0既不是正数，也不是负数。 二．有理数 1. 有理数的概念 ⑴正整数、0、负整数统称为整数（0 和正整数统称为自然数） ⑵正分数和负分数统称为分数 ⑶正整数，0，负整数，正分数，负分数都可以写成分数的形式，这样的数称为有理数。 理解：只有能化成分数的数才是有理数。①π是无限不循环小数，不能写成分数形式，不是 有理数。②有限小数和无限循环小数都可化成分数，都是有理数。 注意：引入负数以后，奇数和偶数的范围也扩大了，像-2,-4,-6,-8…也是偶数，-1,-3,-5… 也是奇数。 2. （1）凡能写成q （p,q 为整数且p 0）形式的数，都是有理数.正整数、0、负整数统称整 数； p 正分数、负分数统称分数；整数和分数统称有理数.注意：0 即不是正数，也不是负数；-a 不一定是负数，+a 也不一定是正数； 不是有理数； 正整数 整数零 总结：①正整数、0 统称为非负整数（也叫自然数） ②负整数、 0 统称为非正整数 （2）有理数的分类: 正有理数 ①按正、负分类: 有理数 零 负有理数 正整数 正分数 负整数 负分数 ②按有理数的意义来分:有理数 负整数 分数 正分数 负分数

外经贸英语函电 上海对外贸易学院 甘鸿编著 上海科学技术文献出版社 课后习题答案

Unit two ?be glad to……高兴做某事inform 通知，告诉，告知 ?fall within the scope of 属于……的范畴 1 你方1994年9月2日来函收到。我们很高兴告诉你，你所要的商品属于我公司 的经营范围。 Your letter of September 2, 1994 has been received. We are glad to inform you that the articles required by you fall within the scope of our business activities. ?textile n. 纺织品adj.纺织的specialize in 擅长于，专攻enter into 开始 2 你地中国银行函告，你们是纺织品的进口商。我们专营纺织品出口业务，愿与贵 公司建立业务关系。 The Bank of China in your city has informed us that you are importers of textiles. We specialize in the export of textiles and are willing to enter into business relations with you. ?in compliance with 顺从，遵照piece goods 匹头, 布匹 ?be found to someone’s satisfaction 满某人的意 3 遵照你方要求，我们正寄上一套布匹剪样。希望这些样品能及时到达，并使你满 意 In compliance with your request, we are sending you a range of cut samples of our cotton piece goods. We hope they will arrive in time and be found to your satisfaction. ?place an order 下订单 4 你方9月4号来函收到。承告你们对肉类罐头有兴趣，并考虑试定。 We have received your letter of September 4 informing us that you find our canned meat satisfactory and that you consider placing a trial order with us. ?as requested 依照请求for sb’s reference 供XX参考 ?forward vt.转寄, 促进, 运送without delay 赶快，立刻 5 按照你方要求，我们附上一套小册子（说明书）连同价格单，供考虑。若你对所 列商品感兴趣，请告具体需要。一俟收到询价，我们立即寄送报价单。 As requested, we enclose a range of pamphlets together with our price lists for your reference. If any of the items listed meets your interest, please inform us of your specific requirements. On receipt of you enquiry, we shall forward you quotations without delay. ?on the basis of 在……的基础上equality and mutual benefit 平等互利 6 贵国驻中国大使馆已把贵行作为中国罐头食品的买户介绍给我们。我们专营这一 业务。希望在平等互利的基础上与你方建立业务关系 Your firm has been recommended to us by your Embassy in China as a buyer of Chinese canned goods. We wish to inform you that we specialize in this line and hope to enter into trade relations with you on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. ?leaflet n. 散页印刷品specification n.规格

全新版大学英语综合教程2课后答案(上海外语教育出版社)

Part II Reading Task Comprehension Content Question Pair Work 1. They were studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools in Nanjing. 2. Their 18-month-old son Benjamin was fond of trying to place the key into the slot of the key box during their stay at the Jinling Hotel. 3. They would come over to watch Benjamin and then try to teach him how to do it properly. 4. Because he realized that this anecdote was directly relevant to their assigned tasks in China: to investigate early childhood education and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity. 5. Most of them displayed the same attitude as the staff at the Jinling Hotel. 6. He emphasized that the most important thing is to teach the child that on can solve a problem effectively by oneself. 7. He means that this incident pointed to important differences in educational and artistic practices between China and the USA. 8. The manner in which the Chinese staff saw the need to teach the child by guiding his hand in the characteristic of a broader attitude to education, one that stands in contrast to the Western preference for leaving the child to explore and learn unaided. 9. One example is of children at the age of 5 or 6 painting flowers, fish and animals skillfully and confidently; in a second example, calligraphers 9 and 10 years old were producing works; and in a third, young artists work on perfecting their craft for several hours a day. 10. Americans think that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge, and skills can be picked up later. Chinese think that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired, and there is no hurry to promote creativity. 11. This is mainly due to the difference in their way of thinking. 12. The author makes the suggestion that we should strike a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills. Text Organization Working On Your Own 1. 1) The text begins with an anecdote. 2) His thoughts are mainly about different approaches to learning in China and the West. 3) He winds up the text with a suggestion in the form of a question. 2. Chinese 1) Show a child how to do something, or tech by holding the hand 2) Give greater priority to developing skills at an early age, believing that creativity can be promoted over time Americans 1) Teach children that they should rely on themselves for solutions to problems 2) Put more emphasis on fostering creativity in young children, thinking skills can be picked up later Language Sense Enhancement

参考文献

参考文献 [1]包昌火，赵刚，李艳. 竞争情报的崛起——为纪念中国竞争情报专业组织成立10 周年 而作.情报学报，2005（1）：1-17. [2]吴晓伟，陶仁泉，谢春讯. 我国企业竞争情报系统的现状及其发展思路.商业研究，2004 （17）：16-18. [3]https://www.wendangku.net/doc/322253652.html,. [4]包昌火,谢新洲编著. 企业竞争情报系统. 竞争情报丛书, 北京:华夏出版社，2002. [5] B.Ettore. Managing competitive intelligence .Management Review, 1995（10）：15-19 [6]王知津编著.竞争情报.北京：科学技术文献出版社，2005. [7]缪其浩编著. 市场竞争与竞争情报. 北京：军事医学科学出版社，1996. [8]包昌火,谢新洲，吴淑燕等. 竞争情报战略——评美国企业的竞争情报活动.情报学报， 2003（6）：735-748. [9]包昌火，李艳王，秀玲.人际情报网络.情报理论与实践，2006（2）：129-141. [10]Coleman, J.S. Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990. [11]Burt R S.Structural Holes:The Social Structure of Competition[M].Cambridge, MA :Harvard University Press,1992. [12]Granovetter M S. The Strength of Weak Ties. American Journal of Sociology , 1973 ,（6）: 1360～1380. [13]Nan L. Social Capital : A Theory of Social Structure and Action. New York : Cambridge University Press , 2001. [14]Watts D J , Strogatz S. Collective Dynamics of“Small world”Networks. Nature , 1998 , 393 (6684) : 440～442 [15]罗家德. 社会网分析讲义. 北京：社会科学文献出版社，2005. [16]普赖斯科特J E. 竞争情报与企业竞争力. 见: 竞争情报丛书. 北京: 华夏出版社, 2001. 1～18 [17]包昌火. 加强竞争情报工作, 提高我国企业竞争能力. 中国信息导报, 1998 (11) : 33～36 [18]胡星光等. 竞争情报解决方案———企业竞争情报系统和竞争情报技能. 北京: 兵器工 业出版社, 2002 [19]包昌火等. 企业竞争情报系统. 见: 竞争情报丛书. 北京:华夏出版社, 2002 [20]包昌火，谢新洲，申宁. 人际网络分析. 情报学报，2003，3：365-374 [21]吴晓伟，徐福缘. 企业竞争情报系统工程论. 情报学报，2006，4：407-419. [22]吴晓伟，徐福缘. 人际网络结构特征对竞争情报工作的启示.情报学报，2005，6：754-760. [23]胡蓉, 邓小昭. 基于结构洞理论的个人人际网络分析系统研究. 情报学报, 24 (4) : 485-489 [24]包昌火，李艳. 情报缺失的中国情报学. 情报学报，2007，1：29-34 [25]Robert A. Hanneman. Introduction to social Network Methods. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/322253652.html,/ [26]Scott, J. . Social Network Analysis: A Handbook. Sage Publication, 2000. [27]刘军. 社会网络分析导论. 北京：社会科学文献出版社，2004. [28]Freeman L C. Centrality in Networks : I. Conceptual Classification Social Networks , 1979 :

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1-1，1-2 （1）解： a)是命题，真值为T。 b)不是命题。 c)是命题，真值要根据具体情况确定。 d)不是命题。 e)是命题，真值为T。 f)是命题，真值为T。 g)是命题，真值为F。 h)不是命题。 i)不是命题。 （2）解： 原子命题：我爱北京天安门。 复合命题：如果不是练健美操，我就出外旅游拉。 （3）解： a)(┓P ∧R)→Q b)Q→R c)┓P d)P→┓Q （4）解： a)设Q:我将去参加舞会。R:我有时间。P:天下雨。 Q (R∧┓P):我将去参加舞会当且仅当我有时间和天不下雨。 b)设R:我在看电视。Q:我在吃苹果。 R∧Q:我在看电视边吃苹果。 c) 设Q:一个数是奇数。R:一个数不能被2除。 （Q→R）∧(R→Q):一个数是奇数，则它不能被2整除并且一个数不能被2整除，则它是奇数。 (5) 解： a)设P：王强身体很好。Q：王强成绩很好。P∧Q b)设P：小李看书。Q：小李听音乐。P∧Q c)设P：气候很好。Q：气候很热。P∨Q d)设P： a和b是偶数。Q：a+b是偶数。P→Q

e)设P：四边形ABCD是平行四边形。Q ：四边形ABCD的对边平行。P Q f)设P：语法错误。Q：程序错误。R：停机。（P∨ Q）→ R (6) 解： a)P:天气炎热。Q:正在下雨。 P∧Q b)P:天气炎热。R:湿度较低。 P∧R c)R:天正在下雨。S:湿度很高。 R∨S d)A:刘英上山。B:李进上山。 A∧B e)M:老王是革新者。N:小李是革新者。 M∨N f)L:你看电影。M:我看电影。┓L→┓M g)P:我不看电视。Q:我不外出。 R:我在睡觉。 P∧Q∧R h)P:控制台打字机作输入设备。Q:控制台打字机作输出设备。P∧Q 1-3 （1）解： a)不是合式公式，没有规定运算符次序（若规定运算符次序后亦可作为合式公式） b)是合式公式 c)不是合式公式（括弧不配对） d)不是合式公式（R和S之间缺少联结词） e)是合式公式。 （2）解： a）A是合式公式，(A∨B)是合式公式，(A→(A∨B))是合式公式。这个过程可以简记为：A；(A∨B)；(A→(A∨B)) 同理可记 b）A；┓A ；(┓A∧B) ；((┓A∧B)∧A) c）A；┓A ；B；(┓A→B) ；(B→A) ；((┓A→B)→(B→A)) d）A；B；(A→B) ；(B→A) ；((A→B)∨(B→A)) （3）解： a）((((A→C)→((B∧C)→A))→((B∧C)→A))→(A→C)) b）((B→A)∨(A→B))。 （4）解： a) 是由c) 式进行代换得到，在c) 中用Q代换P, (P→P)代换Q.

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参考文献 ［美］卡尔·帕顿、大卫·沙维奇著. 政策分析和规划的初步方法. 孙兰英等译. 北京：华夏出版社，2001. ［美］威廉·N·邓恩著.公共政策分析导论.谢明等译，北京：中国人民大学出版社，2002. ［美］查尔斯·E·林德布洛姆著. 政策制定过程. 朱国斌译.北京：华夏出版社，1988. ［美］詹姆斯·E·安德森著. 公共决策. 唐亮译. 北京：华夏出版社，1990. ［美］R·M·克朗著. 系统分析与政策科学. 陈东威译. 北京：商务印书馆，1986. ［美］史蒂文·凯尔曼著. 制定公共政策. 商正译. 北京：商务印书馆.1990. ［美］叶海卡·德洛尔著. 逆境中的政策制定. 王满传等译.上海远东出版社，1996. ［美］E·R·克鲁斯克等编. 公共政策辞典. 唐理斌等译. 上海远东出版公司，1992. ［美］查尔斯·林德布洛姆著. 政治与市场：世界的政治—经济制度. 王逸舟译. 上海三联书店出版社，1994. ［美］斯图亚特·S·那格尔主编. 政策研究百科全书. 林明等译. 北京：科学技术文献出版社，1990. ［美］丹尼尔·W·布罗姆利著. 经济利益与经济制度——公共政策的理论基础. 陈郁等译. 上海：上海三联书店，上海人民出版社，1996. ［英］J·E·米德著. 国际经济政策理论(1卷). 石士钧等译. 北京：商务印书馆，1990. ［荷］J·丁伯根著. 经济政策：原理与设计. 张幼文译. 北京：商务印书馆，1988. ［德］瓦尔林·欧根著. 经济政策的原则. 李道斌译. 上海：上海人民出版社，2001. ［意］尼古拉·阿克塞拉著. 经济政策原理：价值与技术. 郭庆旺、刘茜译. 北京：中国人民大学出版社，2001. ［日］大岳秀夫著. 政策过程. 傅禄永译. 北京：经济日报出版社，1992. ［日］乐师寺泰藏著. 公共政策. 张丹译. 北京：经济日报出版社，1991. ［日］小林良彰著. 公共选择. 杨永超译. 北京：经济日报出版社，1989. ［日］迁中丰著. 利益集团. 郝玉珍译.北京：经济日报出版社，1991. ［日］三宅一郎著. 投票行动. 冯建新译. 北京：经济日报出版社，1991. ［日］长谷川启之、梁小民等著. 经济政策的理论基础. 北京：中国计划出版社，1995. ［美］查尔斯·沃尔夫著. 市场或政府. 谢旭译. 北京：中国发展出版社，1994. ［美］赫伯特·A·西蒙著. 管理决策新科学. 李柱流等译. 北京：中国社会科学出版社，1982. ［美］赫伯特·A·西蒙著. 管理行为. 杨砾等译. 北京：经济学院出版社，1986. ［美］R·I·斯蒂尔曼主编. 公共行政学. 李方等译. 北京：中国社会科学出版社，1988. ［澳］欧文·E·休斯著. 公共管理导论. 彭和平等译，北京：中国人民大学出版社，2000. ［美］特里·C·库珀著. 行政伦理学——实现行政责任的途径（第4版）. 张秀琴译. 北京：中国人民大学出版社，2001.

上海科学技术出版社八年级上期末物理复习提纲

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上海科技版信息技术信息技术基础全套教案

1.1信息及其特征 一、教学内容分析和设计： “信息及其特征”是教育科学出版社的高一《信息技术基础》第一章第一节的内容。由于这个内容理论性较强，如果只是由教师来讲，学生可能会觉得枯燥，所以我准备在教师的引导下，举出现象，让学生进行探讨，然后归纳获得知识。有不足之处由教师或学生来补充。这样能让学生积极参与，活跃课堂气氛，既让学生学到知识，又培养了学生将学习与生活联系的习惯和自主学习的习惯。 二、教学对象分析： 知识的获取者是刚刚升入高中的学生，按照人的成长认知规律，学生对知识的获取开始由感性认识提升到理性认识。对于“信息”这一事物的认识，可以让他们从大量存在的现象中，发现并归纳出他们应该获得的知识。老师在此过程中起着引导的作用。 三、教学目标： 1、知识、技能目标：学生能够列举学习与生活中的各种信息，感受信息的丰富多彩性；举例说明信息的一般特征；培养学生分析问题、解决问题的能力。 2、过程、方法目标：培养学生从日常生活、学习中发现或归纳出新知识的能力。 3、情感态度与价值观目标：让学生理解信息技术对日常生活和学习的重要作用，激发对信息技术强烈的求知欲，养成积极主动地学习和使用信息技术、参与信息活动的态度。

四、教学重点： 1、信息特征的认识。 五、教学难点： 信息的含义。 六、教学方法 本节概念性强，实践性弱。采用讲授法，讨论法。 教学过程 谈话引入：同学们，信息技术这门课程，我们在初中阶段就已经学习。那么下面请同学们说一说，什么是信息？在我们日常生活中，你认为哪些属于信息？（举例） 生1：校园里铃声响，可以告诉我们信息：上课或下课。 生2：观看校运会，可以获得很多运动会赛场上的信息。 生3：从网上可以获得很多信息，如：学习资料、娱乐、新闻报导等。 生4：在报纸上可以了解国内外的信息。 ……师：同学们举的例子非常好。 其实信息在我们日常生活周围无时不在，无处不有，当然，信息不仅存在于我们的周围，同样可以在我们身体内部找到它的影子，如，医生通过听诊器来感知我们的身体内部的变化以