四种名词性从句讲解与练习

四种名词性从句（宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句）讲解与练习

学习宾语从句

学习宾语从句的连词、语序、时态和各种变化及特殊用法（直接引证变间接引语也在宾语从句的基础上还要进行人称、状语、少数动词和句型的变化)是为学习其它三种名词性从句（主从、表从、同位从）做铺垫，连词、语序、时态基本相同，只是后三种考点相对宾语从句少的多，主要是对连词的应用进行考查。所以学好宾语从句是必要的。

宾语从句三注意三特殊

一注意：注意引导词（连词）

由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为that，that在口语或非正式文体中可省略；由一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为if或whether；由特殊疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为句子本身的特殊疑问词，即what，when，where等。例如：Tom says (that) he will fly to Beijing tomorrow. 汤姆说他明天将要坐飞机去北京。

He asked me if / whether I know his name. 他问我是否知道他的名字。

I want to know where you went yesterday. 我想知道你昨天去哪儿了。

二注意：注意从句语序

宾语从句的语序应该为陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。也就是说，将疑问句转化成宾语从句时，一定要将疑问句语序转变成陈述句语序。例如：

Can you tell me what he is doing? 你能告诉我他正在做什么吗？

<特别提醒> 当疑问句在宾语从句中做主语时，语序不变。例如：

Do you know what makes him so angry? 你知道什么事使他如此生气吗？

I don’t know what is wrong with her.我不知道她出什么事了。

三注意：注意从句时态

主句为一般现在时态，则宾语从句根据实际情况用任意的时态；但主句为一般过去时态时，宾语从句则要用过去的相对应的某种时态。例如：

She tells me that she will come by train. 她说她将要坐火车来。

She told me that she would come by train. 她说她将要坐火车来。

<特别提醒> 如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或是科学事实，其谓语动词仍用一般现在时态。例如：

Our teacher told us that the sun is much bigger than the moon.

老师告诉我们说太阳比月球大得多。

习题：

（1）I don’t know ___________or not．

A．whether he is at home B．if he is at home

C．that he is at home D．whether is he at home

（2）This depends on _________ the weather is fine．

A．which B．whether C．if D．that

（3）The teacher asked the new student ________ class he was in．

A．which B．where C．if D．that

（4）I don’t know ________ Mr．Green will come to see us．He’ll help us with our English．A．why B．when C．how D．where

（5）－－－Be careful！Don’t break the bottles．Do you hear ______ I said? David?

－－－Yes，Mum

A．what B．that C．why D．if

类型二：宾语从句的语序——陈述句语序

（1）Did you find out ______?

A．she was looking for whose child B．whose child was she looking for

C．whose child she is looking for D．whose child she was looking for

（2）Are you interested in _____?

A．how did he do it B．he did it how C．how he did it D．he how did it （3）I don’t know _____．Can you tell me?

A．how the two players are old B．how old are the two players

C．the two players are how old D．how old the two players are

（4）－－－What did the scientist say?

－－－He said he wondered if _____ into space by spaceship one day．

A．he had to fly B．he could fly C．can he fly D．could he fly

（5）Excuse me，sir．Could you tell me ____?

A．Where the bank nearest B．where is the nearest bank

C．where the nearest bank is D．the nearest bank is where

类型三：时态

（1）It’s 7：30．I can’t believe you___ cooking dinner yet，Sally．

A．haven’t started B．didn’t C．don’t start D．hadn’t started

（2）The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ____ Christmas Day．A．is B．was C．has been D．will be

（3）The teacher said that the earth _______round the sun．

A．goes B．go C．went D．will go

（4）We ’d like to tell you that you ______the exam．

A．have passed B．had passed C．pass D．will pass

（5）“Could you tell me______?” “ Yes．They ____ to the library．”

A．where are the twins，have been B．where were the twins，have been

C．where the twins are，have gone D，where the twins were，have gone

类型一：ABABA

类型二DCDBC

类型三AAAAC

主语从句（与宾词从句连词、语序、时态相同。只是不能用if, that 不可省；考点相对简单，考连词和时态。所以只要理解了句子的结构和意思，连词很容易就能填出来)。（一）、主语从句是一个句子，在句子中作主语成分。

（二），主语从句的特点

1.与宾语从句使用同样的连接词，只是if 不能用；

1）、陈述句用that。

2）、一般疑问句用whether。

3）、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词what, which, who,when, where, why, how 等词引导。

2.经常隐身（以it为形式主语出现）。

例句：

1.It's true that the earth is round.

That the earth is round is true.

2. 表是否的意思时，不能用if代替whether.

It hasn't been decided whether he'll come or not.

Whether he'll come or not hasn't been decided.

3. 从句语序为主谓宾正常语序。

Why didn't he come?

Why he didn't come is not known.

（三）、熟记以下变化

Whoever=no matter who=any one who

Whomever=no matter who=any one who

Whoseever=no matter whose=any one whose

Whichever=no matter which=any one which

Whatever=no matter what=anything that

What=先行词+which/that

主语从句练习

1.________ makes mistakes must correct them.

A. What

B. That

C. Whoever

D. Whatever

2. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.

A. while

B. that

C. if

D. for

3.When and why he came here ________ yet.

A. is not known

B. are not known

C. has not known

D. have not known

4. ________ is no reason for dismissing her.

A. Because she was a few minutes late

B. Owing to a few minutes late

C. The fact that she was a few minutes late

D. Being a few minutes late

5. ________ Tom liked to eat was different from ________.

A. That…that you had expected

B. What …that you had expected

C. That…what you had expected

D. What…what you had expected

6.________ we go swimming every day ________ us a lot of good.

A. If...do

B. That...do

C. If...does

D. That...does

7.It ________ Bob drives badly.

A. thinks that

B. is thought what

C. thought that

D. is thought that

8.It's uncertain ________ the experiment is worth doing.

A. if

B. that

C. whether

D. how

9.________ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.

A. That

B. What

C. How

D. Which

10.____ we can't get seems better than ____ we have.

A. What, what

B. What, that

C. That, that

D. That, what

11.____ you don't like him is none of my business.

A. What

B. Who

C. That

D. Whether

12..____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. If

B. Whether

C. That

D. Where

13._________is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.

A. That

B. Why

C. How

D. Who

14._______we'll finish translating the book depends on the time.

A. When

B. Why

C. What

D. That

15.______he won't go there is clear to all of us.

A. How

B. What

C. Why

D. This

16.______the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.

A. If

B. Where

C. That

D. What

17. ._______you come or not is up to you.

A. What

B. If

C. Why

D. Whether

18. Do you know ____ he expects will give us a talk.

A. who

B. whom

C. that

D. whose

19.._______team will win the match is a matter of public concern.

A. Which

B. That

C. If

D. How

20.________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.

A. Anyone

B. The person

C. Whoever

D. Who

同位语从句

（一）、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质

1、在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句；所用连词与宾语从句（除不能用if）和主语从句相同

2、连词

1）、陈述句用that。

2）、一般疑问句用whether。

3）、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词what, which, who,when, where, why, how 等词引导。

3、常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion,等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。

例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。

析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。

（二）、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句

1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用）

例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。

析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。

2.如一般疑问句whether做同位语从句的连词，译成"是否"（if不能引导同位语从句）。

例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。

析：the sports meeting will be held on time一般疑问句做同位语从句，原句为：Will the sports meeting be held on time?

3.如同位语是特殊疑问句做同位语从句，连词就应用when,where,how等疑问词引导

例1：I have no idea when he will be back.

析：when he will be back原句为When will he be back?

例2：I have no impression how he went home,perhaps by bike.

析：How did he go home?是原句，连词就How.

4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。

如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想到敌人可能已经逃出城了。

（三）、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限

同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。

区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。

如：The report that he was going to resign was false.

他将辞职的传闻是假的。

因为the report was that he was going to resign 句意通顺，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位语从句。

例1：Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(NMET2001上海)

A.while

B.that

C.when

D.as

析：答案为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information 的内容，且Information不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：

It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information ____ has been put forward.

A.what

B.that

C.when

D.as

析：答案为B。that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。

例2：She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)

A.it

B.which

C.this

D.that

析：答案为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：

I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.

A.it

B.which

C.this

D.that

析：答案为D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容，且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。

同位语从句练习：

1.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.

A.that

B.what

C.why

D.which

2.The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.

A.that

B.what

C.which

D.why

3.The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.

A.what

B.that

C.why

D.when

4.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.

A.which

B.that

C./

D.it

5.I have no idea ____ he will start.

A.when

B.that

C.what

D./

6.I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.

A.if

B.that

C.whether

D.which

7.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.

A.when

B.which

C.what

D.that

8.The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.

A.which

B.whether

C.that

D.what

9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.

A.that

B.as

C.of which

D.which

10.He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.

A.whether

B.where

C.that

D.when

表语从句

1、概述

用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。

2、引导表语从句的词有从属连词（所用连词与宾语从句（除不能用if）

和主语从句相同、同位语从句相同），不同之处还可用because, as if ;

as though引导。

1）、陈述句用that。

2）、一般疑问句用whether。

3）、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词what, which, who,when, where, why, how ，

whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等词引导。

3、That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。

The trouble is that we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺。

That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。

At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。

4、陈述句做表语从句连词that，that在引导表语从句时无词义。

一般疑问句用whether引导，whether有词义，意为、“是否”。这时

主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。

The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻烦的事是他丢了钱。

The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。

The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了。What she couldn’t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.

我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣。

5、由疑问词引导的表语从句。

who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，疑问代词不能省略。

The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去。

The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。

That's what he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事。

That's what we should do.那是我们应该做的。

Go and get your coat. It's where you left it. 去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。

I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I got wet through. 我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。

That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的。That is what he is worried about.那就是他所担心的。

6、由连词because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句。

It looked as if it was going to snow.看起来好像要下雪了。

That's because we never thought of it.这是因为我们从未想过此事。

It seems a s if he didn’t know the answer.好像他不知道答案。

表语从句

1. The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.

A. that

B. if

C. when

D. whether

2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.

A. because

B. that

C. for

D. because of

3. Go and get your coat. It’ s ________you left it

A. where

B. there

C. there where

D. where there

4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted

A. who can we get

B. what we can get

C. who we can get

D. that we can get

5. What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.

A. that

B. if

C. whether

D.不填

6. The reason is_________I missed the bus.

A. that

B. when

C. why

D. what

7. That is __ ___ we were late last time.

A. that

B. when

C. why

D. what

8. She looked _________ she were ten years younger.

A. that

B. like

C. as

D. as though

9.—I fell sick!

--I think it is _______ you are doing too much.

A. why

B. when

C. what

D. because

10. The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.

A. because his mother is ill

B. because of his mother’s being ill

C. that his mother is ill

D. for his mother is ill

11. —He was born here.

-- That is _______ he likes the place so much.

A. that

B. what

C. why

D. how

12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.

A. what

B. where

C. that

D. why

高考练习

1 —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .

—Is that_____ you had a few days off？（NMET1999）

A. why B .what C. when D. where

2 .I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through. （1998 上海）

A. It’s the reason

B. That’s why

C. Ther e’s why

D. It’s how

3. See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning. （06 全国）

A. when

B. which

C. where

D. what

4. --- Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?(2003北京春)

---Oh, that’s _____.

A. what makes me feel excited

B. whatever I feel excited about

C. how I feel about it

D. when I feel excited

5. What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.（2004湖北）

A. the way

B. in the way that

C. in the way

D. the way which

综合练习

that/what的区别

1．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.

A. What; how are you

B. That；how you are

C. How；that you are

D. What；how you are

2. The trouble is__________we are short of tools.

A. what

B. that

C. how

D. why that

3. America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.

A. what

B. where

C. the place

D. there where

4. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_________ .

A. what it used to be

B. what it was used to being

C. what it used to being

D. what it was used to be

5. ________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.

A. What … that

B. That … what

C. What … what

D. That … what

6. The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. such

名词性从句讲解与辨析

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