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英语修辞与写作复习资料

《英语修辞与写作》课程期末考试复习资料

修辞手法

1. Alliteration

(1) Penny wise, pound foolish.

(2) Wilful waste makes woeful want.

(3) Without wisdom, wealth is worthless.

(4) We shape our own destiny with conviction, compassion, and clear and common purpose.

(B. Obama: Weekly Address, November 25th, 2010)

2. Rhyme

(1) Haste makes waste.

(2) Man proposes, God disposes.

(3) Little stokes fell great oaks.

(4) His great gaunt figure filled the cabin door,

And had he fallen inward on the floor,

He must have measured to the further wall.

(R. Frost: The Figure in the Doorway) 3. Simile

(1) My roommates stood there as motionless as statues.

(2) Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.

(3) Ambition is to life just what steam is to the locomotive.

(4) Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to corrupt and cannot last.

(F. Bacon: Of Beauty)

4. Metaphor

(1)Life is a journey.

(2)Jim was a fox.

(3) She is the apple of his eye.

(4) The news is a dagger to his heart.

5.Metonymy

(1) He drank a cup.

(2) She set a good table.

(3) He is fond of the bottle.

(4) The pen is mightier than the sword.

6. Synecdoche

(1) The kettle is boiling.

(2) Great minds think alike.

(3) He smokes two packs per day.

(4) The poor creature could no longer endure her sufferings.

7. Personification

(1) Fear gripped his heart.

(2) This time fate was smiling to him.

(3) His words sent a quiver through my body.

(4) The morning sun greeted us as we came out on deck.

8. Hyperbole

(1) I'm the luckiest man in the world.

(2) Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay.

(3) The noise was big enough to wake the dead.

(4) I loved Ophelia: forty thousand brothers could not, with all their quantity of love, make up my

sum.

(W. Shakespeare: Hamlet) 9.Oxymoron

(1)His air was one of friendly hostility.

(2) The coach had to be cruel to be kind to his trainees.

(3) I like a smuggler. He was the only honest thief.

(4) No light, but rather darkness visible.

10. Euphemism

(1) The girl is hard of hearing.

(2) The boy is a bit slow for his age.

(3) It's five years since he passed away.

(4) I'm afraid he has distorted the fact.

11.Parallelism

(1)He doesn't ride, nor shoot, nor fish, nor swim.

(2)Lumber, corn, tobacco, wheat, and furs moved downstream to the delta country.

(3) An Englishman thinks seated; a Frenchman, standing; an American, pacing; an Irishman, afterward.

(4) We can gain knowledge by reading, by reflection, by observation or by practice.

12.Antithesis

(1) Speech is silver; silence is gold.

(2)We find ourselves rich in goods, but ragged in spirit, reaching with magnificent precision for the moon, but falling into raucous discord on earth.

(R. Nixon) (3)I had walked into that reading room a happy healthy man. I crawled out a decrepit wreck.

(J. K. Jerome: The Three Men in a Boat) (4) It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity; it was the season of light, it was the season of darkness; it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair; we had everything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.

(C. Dickens: A Tale of Two Cities)

13.Climax

(1)I came, I saw, I conquered.

(2)Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some to be chewed and digested.

(F. Bacon: Of Studies)

(3)But in a large sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground.

14.Anticlimax

(1)For God, for America, and for Yale.

(2)He lost his empire, his family and his fountain pen.

(3)The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.

(4)The explosion completely destroyed a church, two houses, and a flowerpot.

词汇

1. pioneer / premature/prior/past

2. obstacle / fault /offense /distress

3. adapt / stick / yield/ adopt

4. procedure / protection / allowance / access

5. bare/vacant/hollow/blank

6. adopt/ acquire/ accumulate/ assemble

7. reduce / fade / dim /faint

8. superior/productive /splendid/ prosperous

9. raise /promote /heighten/ increase

10. profit/gain/reward/ price

改错

1) He is not only a good pianist, but also a good singer as well.

2)This pretty actress keeps appearing in TV serials repeatedly.

3)As a rule, students are usually not allowed to take books out of this reading room.

4)According to the speaker, it is obvious that the responsibility system has helped to increase

production and he has no doubt about it.

5)One reason why people are well informed in this country is because of the fact that there are

many newspapers which can easily be bought or subscribed to.

6)Statistics show that in the decade from 1980 to 1990 enrollments at this school doubled: in

1990 there were twice as many students as in 1980.

7)There are so many inexperienced unskilled workers without training in a particular job that

production of the factory has been affected.

8)There are about 50 patients or so in this ward, among whom many are being given

acupuncture treatment.

9)His name is called James Williams.

10)Whatever he does, he works seriously with great care, and does his best so as to do it well. 11）I am quiet jealous of your opportunity to study at such a famous university.

12) The essay is poorly organized, there is no central idea.

13) There are a number of students who want to join the drama club.

He was kind enough to let me share the same umbrella with him.

14)Zhao was the person who was elected the representative of the class by the whole class.

15)At the present time I am taking the course of World History and in addition a course in

geography too.

16)The plane circled around the airport for about ten minutes or so and then disappeared and

could no longer be seen.

17)What I am trying to say is that in my opinion he has not done his work very well and it needs

improving.

18)I would like you to consider the question of whether or not you will publish your recent article

on women scientists in China in our journal.

19)Owing to the fact that he had missed many lectures, he was aware that it would be possible for

him to fail the exam.

20)You must first work out an outline for your paper, and then after you have done that, you need

to collect all kinds of material to support your point of view.

主题句：

部分参照《英语写作手册(英文版)(第3版) 》相关章节。（外语教学与研究出版社，2009 年版丁往道、吴冰、钟美荪等编写）

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英语写作技巧：英语写作中的修辞修辞手段一般主要用于文学性写作中。但在大学英语的英文写作中有时也需要使用一定的具有英文特征的修辞手段，而且使用得好，会使语句生动从而增添语句亮点。所以，掌握一些一般常用修辞手段对于实现语句亮点也是非常必要的。对于大学英语写作来说，主要应该掌握以下修辞手段，又称语句辞格，包括结构辞格与语义辞格。对比、排比、重复、倒装等为结构辞格，转义、双关、矛盾等则为语义辞格。 1.对比正反对比就是要巧妙地使用对称的英文句式来表达互为补充的意思，所以恰当地使用反义词语往往是必不可少的。如果一旦所要表达的内容具有这种情况，就应尽力选用这种对称的句式并选用适当的反义词语来增强语句，实现语句的亮点。 1)如“很多人很快就会发现，他们在物质上是富裕了，精神上却很贫乏”，能够这样达： Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods，but ragged in spirit.(注：句中rich in与ragged in，goods与spirit 具有正反对比的关系和效果。) 2)如“利远远大于弊”，能够这样表达： The advantages for outweigh the disadvantages.(注：句中the advantages与the disadvantages具有正反对比的关系和效果。) 3)如“他们注意到了这些说法中的一些道理，但他们却忽视了一个重要的事实”，能够这样表达： They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements，but have ignored a more important fact.(注：句中have noticed与have ignored，a grain of truth in the statements与a more important fact具有正反对比的关系和效果。)

英语写作常用修辞格

英语写作常用修辞格英语中的修辞与汉语的修辞相比,分类细,种类多.下面将英语的修辞简单介绍如下: 1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory. 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century. 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap. 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物. 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice. 鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音. 2>.Taste the music of Mozart. 品尝Mozart的音乐.

考研复习的参考资料与书籍3

2010年全国统考的科目政治的主要内容包括： 1马克思主义哲学，政治经济学合并为马克思主义基本原理，约占考试分数20~25分。其中的马克思主义政治经济学将删去约往年的百分之八十的内容。 2毛泽东思想概论和邓小平理论将改为毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概述，增加了三个代表重要思想，科学发展观，与邓小平理论共同组成中国特色社会主义理论体系，毛特部分将成为政治的最大部分，约占35~40分。 3世界经济学将全部砍去，不再作为考试内容。 4新增中国近现代史纲要，作为新的独立考试部分，约占考试分值的15分左右，由于是新增部分，考得会很简单，大家大可放心，且知识点和毛特大面积重复，复习时大家不要被纸老虎唬住了。 5新增思想道德与法律基础作为新的考试部分 6最后一部分仍是历年的老题型时事政治，一般等到年底才会出相关的时事热点，到时估计买本书看看十分就到手了。由于2011年考研大纲还没有出来，因此考研政治的具体内容，你可以暂时参考一下去年的考研大纲： https://www.wendangku.net/doc/383387318.html,/html/56/n-42456.html 考研政治常见辅导书《思想政治理论考试大纲解析》教育部考试中心编★★★★ 很多人在考后抱怨内容超纲，有的内容没复习到，原因何在，因为没把大纲解析当回事。出题的根据所在是大纲，对大纲解读最好的就是这本书。问题在于这本书的编排没有去取悦考生，也许是在考验考生吧。《思想政治理论考试分析》教育部考试中心编★★★★ 这本书两部分构成，前部分是大纲分析（简要的介绍重点内容），后半部分是近3年真题及解析。大题完全可以背前半部分，基本是浓缩的精华，缺点是浓缩的不够彻底；后半部分真题的解析让你感慨命题人的强大，强大到你再来几十年也达不到的境界，重点应放在标答是什么，如何构思答题。《序列之一要点精编》任汝芬★

英语写作常用修辞手法

英语写作常用修辞手法英语中的修辞与汉语的修辞相比,分类细,种类多.下面将英语的修辞简单介绍如下: 1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as c cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.

II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory. 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century. 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap. 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物. 例如: 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音. 2>.Taste the music of Mozart.

英语写作课程大纲

《英语写作1》课程标准适应专业：英语专业所属系部：第一教研室（专业英语）课程编号：课程类型：专业基础课（必修）学时学分：32学时（2学分）一、课程概述（一）课程性质本门课程是专业基础课程，通过训练学生思维能力以及写作基本技能（应用文和段落写作），为高年级阶段方向课程学习奠定基础。本门课程的先导课程是《综合英语》，训练学生初步的阅读和写作能力，为本门课程的学习奠定必要的基础；后续课程是《英语写作2》和《毕业论文设计与写作》。本门课程为学生学习后续课程提供相关的写作理论基础和写作策略。（二）基本理念本门课程教学遵循的指导思想是培养学生通过写作表达自己的思想和观点的能力。教学的基本原则是突出内容的适用性和应用性，结合学生的生活实际和专业方向，围绕他们想表达、能表达且对他们现有思维形成一定挑战的话题展开教学，重视培养学生的思维和写作，尤其是应用型写作的实践能力。（三）设计思路 1.教学改革基本理念本课程教学设计追求提高学生知识、能力和素质的价值目标，把知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观紧密结合起来，构建本课程的基本框架。

2.总体设计原则本课程教学设计围绕着提高学生知识、能力和素质的价值目标，总体原则是强调学生的经历和体验、突出写作学习的实践性。通过制定明确的实践目标，设计具体的实践内容和方式、步骤，把实践落实到教学过程中，以更好地培养学生教育研究应用型学术写作的实际运用能力。 3.课程设置依据专业依据。全国各本科院校英语专业均开设了本课程。培养对象依据。本课程既能够培养学生的写作能力，尤其是专业方向应用型写作的实践能力，又能够训练学生的逻辑思维能力。学生对提高应用型写作的能力有较强烈的渴求。 4、课程内容结构

英语写作与修辞练习题

I.Revise the following sentences 1. Mr. Wang, a man trusted by his leaders and all his fellow workers, known as an expert in computer programming. 2. Flying from Beijing to London three days ago and back to Beijing yesterday, jet lag is troubling him. 3. When the meeting between the director of our company and the representative of the American company came to an end, he expressed satisfaction with the result. 4. He had a long talk with the visiting delegation, he mentioned all the problems that remained to be solved, however, no agreement was reached in the end. 5. They had a long discussion, nevertheless, they came to no conclusion. 6. While he was in Shanghai, he has visited the newly developed area in Pudong, and is deeply impressed by the prosperity he has seen. 7. This grammar book is a better one as far as I know. 8. She hurried back because she didn't know that the meeting was put off. 9. I entered her office and found she talked with two guests. 10. There are more books in their library than my school.

新整理英语写作手册考试题目

英语写作手册考试题目五．写作（任选一题） 1． The problems I have in studying English. 范文一：English is one of the required courses in all colleges and universities across the country.Unfortunately,I have several problems in my English study,ake me gradually lose confidence.For one thing,I easily forget the neemoried.For another,I alisunderstand the meanings of some y problems.The main reason in that I am forced to study English marely for examinations.Besides,I alemorise them mechanically,akes me feel very dull. In vieentioned above,I easures to solve my problems.Firstly,I y oral English more and do more reading exercise. In a y problems successful ush ,english is so diffcult to me .No studyingenglish at college.There are someproblems in my studying english. Go as the folloean of some mer isnot good .I cannot instrate the sentence very e .So, I couldnot e to cover! I noust any problems in Studying it.

高考英语作文常用的12个修辞手法

高考英语作文常用的12个修辞手法文章最忌语言枯燥无味，一篇好的作文，语言应该生动形象。而恰当地运用修辞手法，可以使文字新鲜活泼、具体逼真，大大增强艺术表现力，扩大语言表达的范围；而且还可以激发读者的想象，给人留下深刻的印象。下面介绍一些英语作文中常用的修辞手法。 1、比喻 (metaphor) 比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻：明喻 (simile)：用like， as， as。。。as， as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如： O my love’s like a red， red rose。我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。 The man can’t be trusted。 He is as slippery as an eel。那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。 He jumped as if he had been stung。他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。 Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream。童年就像一场疾逝的梦。暗喻 (metaphor)：用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事

物。例如： He has a heart of stone。他有一颗铁石心肠。 The world is a stage。世界是一个大舞台。 2、换喻(metonymy) 用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。比如用the White House 代替美国政府或者总统，用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol，用the bar 来代替the legal profession，用 crown代替 king等。例如： His purse would not allow him that luxury。他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。 The mother did her best to take care of the cradle。母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。 He succeeded to the crown in 1848。他在1848年继承了王位。 3、提喻 (synecdoche) 指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。例如： He earns his bread by writing。他靠写作挣钱谋生。 The farms were short of hands during the harvest season。在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。 Australia beat Canada at cricket。澳大利亚队在板球