状语从句知识点

状语从句知识点

陈丹丹

when 在…的时候

while 当…的时候

as

当…时;随着;一边…一边

时

状

before 在…之前 after 在…之后 since 自…以来

once 一旦…就 as soon as 一…就 whenever 无论何时 till/untill 直到 ever since 自从

where 在…地方

wherever

在任何地方；无论哪里

everywhere 每一…地方;到处 地

状 anywhere 任何地方

because 因为 as 由于

since 因为/既然 原 状

seeing (that)鉴于/既然 considering (that)考虑到 now (that)既然

in that 因为

not that…but that 不是因为…而是因为

not…because 不是因为

in order that 目的是为了 so (that)以便

for fear that/in case/lest 以防，以免

目 状

so…that 如此…以至于 such…that 如此…以至于

结 if 如果

unless 如果不；除非…否则

on (the) condition that 只要；条件是

条

状

as/so long as 只要

provided/providing (that) 如果…的话；只要

suppose (that) 假如

supposing (that)假如 what if 如果…将会怎样 in case 如果；万一 given that 倘若；考虑到 given+短语 倘若；考虑到 only if 只要,只有 if only 但愿; 要是…该多好

although/though 尽管 even if/though 即使 as 虽然 让 状

wh-ever/no matter+疑问词 无论…

while 虽然；尽管

whether…or not/whether…or 无论是…或是

granted/granting (that) 即使；就算

than 比

as…as 像…一样地 not so…as 不像…一样地 比 状

the+比较级，the+比较级 越…越

As+句子，so+句子 与…同时；就像…一样

as 就像；依照；正如

just as 正如

(in) the way (that) 以…的方式

方状

as if/though 好像；仿佛

状语从句在句中作状语, 修饰句中的动词, 形容词或副词等.。由从属连词作关联词, 从属连词在从句中不充当句子成分。状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间, 条件, 原因, 让步, 目的, 结果, 方式, 比较, 地点等类型。 各类状语从句重难点:

①在时间和条件状语从句中通常用现在时态表示将来。 ②在时间状语从句中表示“正在那时，突然”，要用连词when 。

③连词“while”可以引导让步状语从句，意思是“尽管” 。

④as引导让步状语从句时，常放在作表语、状语或谓语的一部分的形容词、名词、副词或动词原形之后。如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，不再用冠词。

一．时间状语从句

①when/as/while辨析

when“在…的时候”，即可指时间点，也可指时间段。

as“当…时/随着/一边…一边”，强调同一时间里的两个相继发生或变化的情况或两个动作一前一后发生。

while“当…的时候”，用来指时间段，从句用延续性动词。

②before“在…之前”，表示两件事的先后关系。

a)┌主句为肯定句时，before引导的从句动作后发生。

└主句为否定句时，before引导的从句动作先发生。

b)┌意为“…（之后）才”，主句常用肯定形式。

It+be+一段时间+before…“过了多久时间才…”

意为“（不久）…就”，主句常用否定式，常用“…not long before”这一结构。

└It be not+一段时间+before…“没过多久时间就…”

It will be ten years before we meet again.

It won’t be long before you regret.

③till/until

a)肯定句：“直到…为止”，主句必须是延续性动词。

否定句：“直到…才”，主句通常要用瞬间动词。

We shall wait until/till he comes out of the operating room.

I won’t leave until you tell me the truth.

b)not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序。

Not until I came home last night did Mum go to bed.

c)until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或之后；till引导的从句一般不放在句首。在强调句型中一般只能用until,不用till。

Until you told me I had no idea of what she said.（不用till）

④since“自从…以来”

a)表示动作从过去某一点时间一直延续到说话时间为止。主句中通常为延续性动词的现在完成时，since从句中一般用短暂性的动词的一般过去时。

b)ever since“自从”，从那时起直至现在，此后一直。表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长，语气比since强。

c)since的5种用法。

since+过去时间点

since+一段时间+ago

since+从句（谓语用非延续性动词的过去时）

since+从句（谓语用延续性动词的过去时，表示该动作已结束）

since+从句（谓语用现在完成时，常用be动词）

He has taught English at this school since 1993.

I haven’t see him since three years ago.

Great changes have taken place here since you left.

I haven’t heard from Susan since she lived in Shanghai.

She has seldom been out since she has been ill.

⑤whenever“无论何时”，描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。

When ever I came across difficulties, I would turn to Miss Wu for help.

⑥名词性短语引导状语从句

a)the first time第一次the last time最后一次next time下次every time每次each time每次any time随时/无论何时

b)表示“一…就”the moment, the minute, the instant, the second

c)表示具体的时间the day, the month, the week, the year, the morning

⑦表示“一…就”

a)as soon as用来表示主从句的动作是紧接着发生的。=on/upon doing或on sth.结构

On arriving at the murder scene, the police set up a guard line.

= As soon as the police arrived at the murder scene, they set up a guard line.

b)immediately, instantly, directly = as soon as，从句中用一般过去时

I recognized her instantly I picked up the phone.

⑧hardly/scarcely…when/before…“刚/一…就”

no sooner…than…“还没来得及…就…”

主句中的动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时。no sooner/hardly/scarcely提到句首，主句须倒装。

The day had scarcely broken before he got up to work.

⑨by the time“到…的时候”，常用来指到某一时间点为止，主句常用完成时态。

Be the time he arrived at the hall, the speech had begun.（从句为一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时）We will have finished the task by the time he returns.（从句为一般现在时，主句用将来完成时）

┌by the time+现在时，主句用将来完成时

└by the time+一般过去时，主句用过去完成时

⑩时间状语从句中一般不用将来时, 若谈论将来的事情, 往往用一般现在时代替。

I’ll go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.

Tom was watching TV while his mother was cooking in the kitchen.

二．地点状语从句

地点状语从句= to/in/from the place(s) where…或in/to/from any place where…结构。

地点状语从句一般可以转化为定语从句，只要在where前加上to/in/from the place。

We live where the road crosses the river.

=We live in a place where the road crosses the river.

三．原因状语从句

①because表示直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句，用于回答why。在强调结构it is/was…that 和关联词not…but引导的原因状语从句中，宜用because。

not…because结构中的not，根据含义，是否定because的。

She didn’t marry you, because you had money.她不是因为你有钱才嫁给你的。

He decided to drop out of school, not because he wanted to but because his family couldn’t afford it.

②as“由于”，语气最弱，所表达的原因比较明显或是已知的事实，多置于主句之前，不可用于强调句型。

As he caught a bad cold last night, we had to go without him.

③since“因为，既然”，引导的从句大多置于句首，主从句的时态一般相同。表示对方已知的，无须加以说明的既成事实的理由。

since=as it is the fact that…全句中心在主句，如从句表示的原因不是确定的事实，就不能用since，通常用because。

Since you are ill, I’ll go alone.

④for是个并列连词, 只能放在另一个并列分句后面, 表示一种推理或解释, 或用作附加说明,

而不是指理由或原因, 语气最入, 一般不放在句首, 常译成“因为”。

四．目的状语从句

①in order that“目的是为了…”，可置于句首，也可置于句尾。

②so (that)“以便”，常置于句尾，从句常用情态动词+动词原形构成强调。

③for fear that，含义为“生怕某种不好的事会发生”，后面常用虚拟语气；若表示可能实现或可能发生的事，也可不用虚拟语气。

④lest从句一般要用虚拟语气(should+do)。

⑤for fear (that)/in case从句一般用虚拟语气(should+do)，有时也用陈述语气。

He is working hard for fear (that) he should fail.

Shut the window for fear (that) it may rain.

⑥目的状语从句与不定式、介词短语的互换：只有当主句和从句的主语一致时才可以进行互换。当主语不一致时，互换时需要用for引出不定式的逻辑主语。

We’ll sit in the front of the hall so that we can hear better.

= We’ll sit in the front of the hall so as to/in order to hear better.

My mother gets up early every morning to cook breakfast so that I can go to school on time.

= My mother gets up early every morning to cook breakfast in order to/so as to let me go to school on time.

= My mother gets up early every morning to cook breakfast so as for me/in order for me to go to school on time.

五．结果状语从句

①so…that“如此…以至于”

so+adj./adv.+that…

so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+that

so+many/few+可数名词复数+that

so+much/little+不可数名词+that

②such…that

such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that

such+adj.+可数名词复数+that

such+adj.+不可数名词+that

③so…that引导的结果状语从句可改为不定式

从句与主句主语一致时，从句为否定时用too…to替换；从句为肯定时，用enough to替换。从句与主句主语不一致时，不定式宾语除去，如果表示谁来做，中间加上for短语。

The boy is so young that he can’t join in the army.

= The boy is too young to join the army.

The boy is so tall that he can touch the ceiling.

= The boy is tall enough to touch the ceiling.

The book is so easy that I can read it.

= The book is easy enough for me to read.

④so/such主语句首时，主句用倒装语序。

So excited was he that he could not fall into sleep.

六．条件状语从句

①if表示正面的条件。

if only“但愿；要是…就好了”，表示一个不可能实现的愿望，，要用虚拟语气。

only if“只有”= only on condition that，从句用陈述语气，主句部分倒装。

②表示反面条件

unless=if not=except for“如果不；除非；除非…否则”，

The girl will never give in unless she is wrong.

= The girl will give in if she is right.

③表示使某事成为现实的必要条件

on (the)condition that“以…为条件；只要”

as/so long as“只要”

provided/providing (that)“如果…的话；只要”

We’ll visit Europe next year, provided we have enough money.

④表示假设的条件

suppose/supposing (that)“假如”（疑问句）

what if“如果…将会怎样”

in case“如果；万一”（句首多为条件）

Suppose/Supposing I win the lottery, what shall we do with the bonus?假设我中了彩票，我们该怎样处理奖金？

⑤given that+句子；given+短语“倘若；考虑到”

Given that he is a newcomer, he has done a good job.

七．让步状语从句

①although/though

although/though不能与but连用，但是可以与yet/still/nevertheless连用。

though引导的让步状语从句时，从句可用倒装，将从句中的一部分提前句首“adj./adv./n.+though+主语+句子其他成分”

Though he is poor, he lives a happy life.

= Poor though he is, he lives a happy life.

②even if/even though“即使”

Even if/though you say so, I do not believe it.

③as“虽然”

常用倒装，将从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语带冠词的名词，冠词省去。Try as he might, he could not find a job.

④wh-ever/no matter+疑问词

wh-ever引导让步状语从句=no matter+疑问词

wh-ever还可引导名词性从句

I’ll wait for you however late it is.

= I’ll wait for you no matter how late it is.

⑤while“虽然；尽管”，多放句首，从句和主句主语多为同一人或物。

⑥whether…or not/whether…or“无论是…或是…”

whether作“无论”解，用现在时表将来。

whether作“是否”解，则不能。

Can you tell me whether it will rain or not tomorrow?

= Whether it rains or not, I shall go out for outing tomorrow?

⑦granted/granting (that)“即使；就算”

Granted that he’s not brilliant, he at least works hard.

八．比较状语从句

As+句子, so+句子“与…同时；就像…一样”（谓语通常是行为动词）

A is to

B as

C is to D.

= A is to B what C is to D. = As C is to D, so A is to B.

(C is to D所表述的是众所周知的内容，主句A is to B是说话人要告诉大家的事实。）

I known you better than he does.

Water is to fishes as air is to men.

= Water is to fishes what air is to men.

= As air is to men, so water is to fishes.

九．方式状语从句

①a s“就像” just as“正如” (in) the way (that)“以…的方式” as if/though“好像；仿佛”

He watched her as a cat watches a rat.

She’s doing her work the way I like it done.

The old man runs very fast as if he were a young man.

②as if/though从句可用省略形式，后面接不定式、分词、形容词或介词短语。

Some flowers shut up at night as if (they do this in order) to sleep.

十．状语从句的省略

①从属连词+动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）

从属连词+非动词（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语）

当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，通常可省略主语。谓语动词是行为动词，后接非谓语动词；谓语动词是系动词，后接名词、形容词、副词、介词短语。

②可以省略的状语从句连词：

when/while/whenever/once/till/if/as if/unless/though/although/where/wherever

③条件状语省略形式：

if necessary/if possible/if true/if anyone

如果状语从句和主句都含有there be的某种形式或只有状语从句含有there be的某种形式，从句中的there be常常可以省略。

Correct the mistakes, if (there are) any (mistakes) in these sentences.如果这些句子里有错，请你改正。