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中英文诗歌对比:The Contrast Between《自京赴奉先咏怀五百字》and London

中英文诗歌对比:The Contrast Between《自京赴奉先咏怀五百字》and London
中英文诗歌对比:The Contrast Between《自京赴奉先咏怀五百字》and London

The Contrast Between

《自京赴奉先咏怀五百字》And

London

外国语学院

全金鑫

London

(William Blake)

I wander thro' each charter'd street,

Near where the charter'd Thames does flow, And mark in every face I meet

Marks of weakness, marks of woe.

In every cry of every Man,

In every Infant's cry of fear,

In every voice, in every ban,

The mind-forg'd manacles I hear.

How the Chimney-sweeper's cry

Every black'ning Church appalls;

And the hapless Soldier's sigh

Runs in blood down Palace walls.

But most thro' midnight streets I hear

How the youthful Harlot's curse

Blasts the new born Infant's tear,

And blights with plagues the Marriage hearse.

《自京赴奉先咏怀五百字》(杜甫)

杜陵有布衣,老大意转拙。许身一何愚!窃比稷与契。居然成瓠落,白首甘契阔。盖棺事则已,此志常觊豁。穷年忧黎元,叹息肠内热。取笑同学瓮,浩歌弥激烈。非无江海志,潇洒送日月;生逢尧舜君,不忍便永诀。当今廊庙具,构厦岂云缺?葵藿倾太阳,物性固难夺。顾惟蝼蚁辈,但自求其穴;胡为慕大鲸,辄拟偃溟渤?以兹误生理,独耻事干谒。兀兀遂至今,忍为尘埃没?终愧巢与由,未能易其节。沉饮聊自适,放歌破愁绝。岁暮百草零,疾风高冈裂。天衢阴峥嵘,客子中夜发。霜严衣带断,指直不能结。凌晨过骊山,御榻在嵽蹑。蚩尤塞寒空,蹴蹋崖谷滑。瑶池气郁律,羽林相摩戛。君臣留欢娱,乐动殷胶葛。赐浴皆长缨,与宴非短褐。彤庭所分帛,本自寒女出。鞭挞其夫家,聚敛贡城阙。圣人筐篚恩,实欲邦国活。

臣如忽至理,君岂弃此物?

多士盈朝廷,仁者宜战栗!

况闻内金盘,尽在卫霍室。

中堂舞神仙,烟雾蒙玉质。

暖客貂鼠裘,悲管逐清瑟。

劝客驼蹄羹,霜橙压香桔。

朱门酒肉臭,路有冻死骨。

荣枯咫尺异,惆怅难再述。

北辕就泾渭,官渡又改辙。

群水从西下,极目高突兀。

疑是崆峒来,恐触天柱折。

河梁幸未坼,枝撑声悉索。

行旅相攀援,川广不可越。

老妻既异县,十口隔风雪。

谁能久不顾?庶往共饥渴。

入门闻号啕,幼子饥已卒!

吾宁舍一哀,里巷亦呜咽。

所愧为人父,无食致夭折。

岂知秋禾登,贫穷有仓卒。

生当免租税,名不隶征伐。

抚迹犹酸辛,平人固骚屑。

默思失业徒,因念远戍卒。

忧端齐终南,鸿洞不可掇

The Contrast Between 《自京赴奉先咏怀五百字》And

London

Abstract:during appreciating the poem London(written by William Blake), I find that its theme s similar to the Chinese poem 《自京赴奉先咏怀五百字》(written by Du Fu, in Tang Dynasty), especially the two lines “朱门酒肉臭,路有冻死骨”. The two poems with the same theme, both showed the sympathy for the poor living at that time, and the criticism against the social system, government and people in power. And as the poets showed their views in different ways, I am going to make a brief contrast between the two poems in the use of sense and rhetoric. And then we can find that Chinese literature and English literature have something in common.

Key words:difference similarity contrast rhetoric

different social systems different cultural backgrounds

the same theme

London, written by written by William Blake, was published in Songs of Experience in 1794. I got the chance to know about it through English literature class. And during appreciating it, I thought a lot. What’s

more, it recalled me of“朱门酒肉臭,路有冻死骨”, two lines from the famous Chinese poem 《自京赴奉先咏怀五百字》, written by Chinese poet Du Fu in Tang Dynasty.

In fact, William Blake (1757--1827) and Du Fu (712--770) lived at different times in different countries and experienced different kinds of social systems. However,they had the same views about life, i.e. the same sympathy for the poor in lower classes, and the same criticism against the corrupt government and social systems at that time. I was quite surptised at their views in common, however, I also saw the difference in their writing style. So, first I am going to make a brief contrast betwwen these two poems by contrasting the use of sense and rhetoric, and then the same theme in common.

1)Difference

1.about the Chinese poem 《自京赴奉先咏怀五百字》

In the two lines“朱门酒肉臭,路有冻死骨”, we can see that Du Fu wrote it mainly through flair and sight. For example, “酒肉臭” is right the description of flair.

What’s more, he also used metonymy, i.e. he used “朱门” and “酒肉” to represent the people in power and their sumptuous life. And the colour “朱”was equal to “红(red)”in old Chinese. As it was the traditional and representative color of China, the use of “朱门”was significant in descriping the luxury of people in power, and the

government and social system at that time. At the same time, Du Fu used “冻死骨” to represent poor people and their misery. And in some way, it was a description that seemed a little horrible. It mad me always thinking about the poor people unconciously. And the Chinese word “臭”, in my opinion, was used perfectly through pun. Superfically, it might mean that there is too much meat in rich people’s famliy to be eaten up, and it went bad. However, actually, it meant that the rich, i.e. the people in power, were living a sumptuous life. They lived on the basis of the misery of the poor. So their life was nasty and abominable. Thus it was smelly. What’s more, the two lines, “朱门酒肉臭,路有冻死骨” made a good contrast together. It seemed that the gap between the poor and people in power was deeper and wider. Readers may feel that “the richer the rich are, the poorer the poor are.” And these two sentences are thefinishing touch of the whole poem.

2.about London.

Now let’s talk about London, written by William Blake. In my opinion, William Blake mainly used sight and hearing. For example, “And mark in every face I meet Marks of weakness, marks of woe.” was writren through sight and “In every cry of every Man, In every Infant's cry of fear, In every voice, in every ban, The mind-forg'd manacles I hear.”was written through hearing. And William Blake, by combining sight and hearing together, made it easier for us to have a vivid and true

inmage about life of the poor at that time. It seemed that during reading, I also heard the infant's cry of fear, and I saw the marks of weakness, marks of woe. It seemed that the people walking on the street were so near to me that I can even touch them. It really felt true. Their cry made me chilling.

William Blake also used some rhetoric in his writing. For example, he used personification and metaphor in the lines “And the hapless Soldier's sigh Runs in blood down Palace walls.”Actually, sigh had no feet, thus it can not run. Nor can it run in blood. However, after reading these lines, there appeared some image in my mind, the image of the poor people living miserably. What’ more, Marriag and hearse, also made a contrast. It seemed that everything was unfair to poor people. They had no happiness but sufferings. It seemed that all the happiness of the poor would change into suffering at last. Even marriage would finally become hearse. And they had no way but to suffer. The fourth part was also the shnishing touch, because in this part William Blake showed his greatest sympathy for the misery of the poor.

2)Similarity(the same theme)

Despite the difference of the use of sense and rhetoric, the difference of their time and social systems and different cultural backgrounds, both of William Blake and Du Fu saw the misery of the poor. They both had sympathy for the poor and criticism against people in power, the

government and social systems. They fought bravely for the rights of the poor by writing poems. And they rebelled the social system and government through the same theme of their poems. Although Tang Dynasty was in feudal society and England at that time was in capitalist society, both of these two social systems caused the suffering of the poor with in lower classes, but gave people in power nuch more power and much more wealth, enabling them have a sumptuous life. It is still difficult nowadays to judge which kind of social system is better or more developed. But in my opinion, any social system, which can not meet everyone’s need or can not ensure everyone’s basic life, and which made the poor too poor, the rich too rich, is not a good social syatem. Both of Du Fu and William Blake saw clearly the dark side of society at that time, and tried their best to fight against it.

And despite all the difference, including different cultural backgrounds, different time and different social systems, between Du Fu and William Blake, they wrote poems of the same theme without any discussion ot contact, then we can draw a conclusion that despite different culrural backgrounds of China and England, there is still something related to each othe closely. Then we can draw another conclusion that Chinese students, like us, can learn English literarure well, and much better if we work harder. Also, it is a good way to learn more about English culture by appreciating English poems, as they are shorter than

novels, but much profounder.

References:

1. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/357310127.html,/

2. History And Anthology Of English Literature 外语教学与研究出版社

英汉诗歌音韵比较研究

摘要:英汉诗歌在措辞、意境及修辞上都有着各自的语言特色,有同有异。其中,音韵在体现诗歌的音乐美上起到极大的作用,它在英汉诗歌中的运用也不尽相同。研究英汉诗歌音韵的异同点,可以有助于提高对英汉语言和其诗歌特点的掌握,并进一步促进英汉诗歌翻译过程中“音美”和“形美”的一致。 关键词:英汉诗歌音韵比较诗歌翻译 英汉语言中的音韵虽有类似,却大有不同。“音韵”在汉语中指和谐的声调、韵律,汉字发音的声调和音律或诗文的音节起伏转折和谐。汉语诗歌通常会运用押韵、双声、叠韵和声调变换等手法来体现音韵美。在英语诗歌中,音韵的表现方式则更加多样化,包括头韵和尾韵、全韵和半韵、雄韵和雌韵以及抑扬格的变化等。本文选取了极具中国诗歌音韵特色的《诗经?蒹葭》篇,从其不同英译本对原诗的音韵处理角度入手,比较汉英诗歌文本的音韵特色,以期为促进诗歌翻译中“音美”和“形美”的实现提供借鉴。 一、汉语双声和英语头韵 “双声”指的是一个双音节词中两个字的汉语拼音的声母相同,例如:“玲珑”“辗转”“淋漓”等,这样的词语也叫双声辞(词)。双声辞(词)的构成有两大标准,即两个字的辅音字母(声母)必须相同,且语义上两个字不能拆开理解和使用,如“踌躇”中的“踌”和“躇”各自都不包含“踌躇”义。汉语诗歌中比较典型的例子有白居易的诗句“田园寥落干戈后,骨肉流离道路中”,其中“寥落”和“流离”都是双声辞(词),且在上下句中均处于同一位置,对仗工整。双声词的应用使诗歌更富音韵美,读起来别有韵味。 英语中的“头韵”(alliteration)与汉语中的“双声”颇有类似之处,但也略有区别。“头韵”是英国诗歌韵律的开始,是基础格律,最古老的英国诗歌通常都是用头韵写成的,中世纪时格外兴盛。如果两个音节中第一个辅音是相同的,那么两个音节便构成了头韵;在重读音节中以元音开始的都构成头韵,但是辅音群“st-,sp-,sc-”等被看成是不同的音,相互不构成头韵(陆晓燕,2010)。英语诗歌中头韵随处可见,如英国诗人柯勒律治(samuel taylor coleridge)的《古舟子咏》中写到: 在《蒹葭》一诗中,整篇唯一一处双声词便是“蒹葭”二字。蒹葭是一种植物,指芦荻或芦苇。在翻译过程中大多数版本均将其译为“the reed”或“reeds”,只有詹姆斯?理雅各(james legge)用了“reeds and rushes”。从音韵上看,前者的译法中“蒹葭”二字的双声特点已完全在语言的转化过程中省略,只有理雅各的翻译较好地展现了原诗的音韵特点。这也反映出汉字这种组合发声的特点极难用英语的头韵法译出,往往是一个英文单词就可表达,而英语中头韵总是要两个或两个以上的单词才能构成。 二、汉语韵脚与英语尾韵 诗歌创作中,常常在某些句子的末尾一字用韵母相同或相近的字,使音调更加和谐优美,这种手法被称为押韵,也叫压韵或叶韵。这些使用了同韵字的地方,称为韵脚。韵脚的使用让诗歌在朗诵时更加铿锵有力、和谐优美或气势磅礴,这在古代诗歌中尤为常见。李商隐《无题》“相见时难别亦难,东风无力百花残。春蚕到死丝方尽,蜡炬成灰泪始干。晓镜但愁云鬓改,夜吟应觉月光寒。蓬山此去无多路,青鸟殷勤为探看。”每一句的末尾一词都押的是“an”这一韵母,且一韵到底。汉语其他诗歌中也常有偶句押韵,或第一、二、四句押韵等情况。 英语虽然只有26个字母和48个音标,但因为英语单词有单音节、双音节或多音节,其单词的押韵方式也因此而丰富多样。严格意义上说,英语中的“押韵”其实指的是“全韵”,也就是押不同辅音后面出现的元音或元音和辅音的组合,而末尾只押辅音的方式称为“半韵”,这在汉诗中是没有的,因为汉诗不用声母押韵,如英国著名诗人济慈的《希腊古瓮颂》一诗开头写到: 其中“quietness”和“express”押“s-”的半韵,而“time”和“rhyme”虽然单词字

青春励志现代诗歌

青春励志现代诗歌 导读:1、《相信未来》 食指 当蜘蛛网无情地查封了我的炉台, 当灰烬的余烟叹息着贫困的悲哀, 我依然固执地铺平失望的灰烬, 用美丽的雪花写下:相信未来。 当我的紫葡萄化为深秋的露水, 当我的鲜花依偎在别人的情怀, 我依然固执地用凝露的枯藤, 在凄凉的大地上写下:相信未来。 我要用手指那涌向天边的排浪, 我要用手掌那托住太阳的大海, 摇曳着曙光那支温暖漂亮的笔杆, 用孩子的笔体写下:相信未来。 我之所以坚定地相信未来, 是我相信未来人们的眼睛-- 她有拨开历史风尘的睫毛, 她有看透岁月篇章的瞳孔。 不管人们对于我们腐烂的皮肉, 那些迷途的惆怅,失败的苦痛,

是寄予感动的热泪, 深切的同情, 还是给以轻蔑的微笑, 辛辣的嘲讽。 我坚信人们对于我们的脊骨, 那无数次地探索、迷途、失败和成功,一定会给予热情、客观、公正的评定,是的', 我焦急地等待着他们的评定。 朋友, 坚定地相信未来吧, 相信不屈不挠的努力, 相信战胜死亡的年轻, 相信未来,热爱生命。 2、《热爱生命》 汪国真 我不去想, 是否能够成功, 既然选择了远方, 便只顾风雨兼程。 我不去想,

能否赢得爱情, 既然钟情于玫瑰, 就勇敢地吐露真诚。 我不去想, 身后会不会袭来寒风冷雨,既然目标是地平线, 留给世界的只能是背影。我不去想, 未来是平坦还是泥泞, 只要热爱生命, 一切,都在意料之中。 3、《跨越自己》 汪国真 我们可以欺瞒别人 却无法欺瞒自己 当我们走向枝繁叶茂的五月青春就不再是一个谜 向上的路 总是坎坷又崎岖 要永远保持最初的浪漫 真是不容易

有人悲哀 有人欣喜 当我们跨越了一座高山 也就跨越了一个真实的自己4、《山高路远》 汪国真 呼喊是爆发的沉默 沉默是无声的召唤 不论激越 不是宁静 我祈求 只要不是平淡 如果远方呼喊我 我就走向远方 如果大山召唤我 我就走向大山 双脚磨破 干脆再让夕阳涂抹小路 双手划烂 索性就让荆棘变成杜鹃 没有比脚更长的路

中英文诗歌特色对比

中英文诗歌的特色 《英文诗歌》 英语诗歌的韵律dasha英诗节奏(Rhythm) 构成英诗节奏的基础是韵律(metre)。在希腊语中,“metre”这个字是“尺度(标谁)”的意思。英诗就是根据诗行中的音节和重读节奏作为“尺度(标准)”来计算韵律的。 英诗的特点之一是与其他文体不同的排列格式。各诗行不达到每页页边,每行开始词首大写。几行成为一节(stanza),不分段落。各行都要讲究一定的音节数量,行末押韵或不押韵,交错排列。 ……音节重读(stressed),非重读(unstressed)。……这就是一种正规的重读形式,在诗歌中即体现为韵 律。研究诗歌韵律规则的科学叫作韵律学(Prosody)。 1.音步(Foot): 英诗中这种重读与非重读音节的特殊性组合叫作音步。一个音步的音节数量可能为两个或三个音节,但不能少于两个或多于三个音节,而且其中只有一个必须重读。分析英诗的格律就是将它划分成音步,并区分出是何种音步以及计算音步的数量。这种音步划分叫scansion。根据一首英诗组成的音步数量,每一诗行一个音步称“单音步”(monometer);每一诗行有两个音步的,称“双音步”(dimeter);含有三个音步的,称“三音步”(trimeter);此外还有四音步(tetrameter)、五音步、(pentameter)、六音步(hexameter)、 七音步(heptameter)、八音步(octometer)。 Is this | a fast, | to keqp The lard | or lean And clean? (Herrick) 2.韵律(Metre):英诗的韵律是依据音步包含音节的数量及重读音节的位置而加以区分的。传统英诗的音步有六种:即抑扬格(Lambus)、扬抑格(Trochee)、抑抑扬格(Anapaest)、扬抑抑格(Dactyl)及抑扬抑格 (Amphibrach): (Anapaest)、扬抑抑格(Dactyl)及抑扬抑格(Amphibrach): “⌒”非重读音节;“/”重读音节。 涂寿鹏编著 , 《英文诗歌导读》 英诗的韵 英语诗歌的押韵可以根据单词的内音素重复的部位不同而分成不同种类,最常见的有头韵(Alliteration)、谐元韵(Assonance)和尾韵(Rhyme)。头韵指词首重复,如great和grew;谐元韵是指词中重读元音重复,如great和fail;尾韵则指词尾音素重复,如great和bait。但一行诗中可能同时存在多种押韵形式:The light that lies in women's eyes. --Thomas Moore 这行诗中既有头韵light和lies,谐元韵light、lies、eyes,又有且有尾韵(这种押韵方式称行中韵middle rhyme)lies和eyes。

英美文学术语(英文版)_literary_terms

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浪漫主义是在现实生活的基础之上,以热情奔放的语言,绚丽多彩的想象,直白夸张的表现形式,抒发对理想世界的追求。浪漫主义思潮比较注重个人情感的表达与抒发,具有浓烈的主观色彩。一是英美文学都是以诗歌为奠基石,但所占的立场不同。浪漫主义文学分为积极与消极,英国浪漫主义代表作家“湖畔诗人”就是消极派的代表,他们对资本主义的工业与文明十分的排斥,大力歌颂宗法制的自然与社会生活。《抒情歌谣集》是华兹华斯与柯勒律治共同出版的,是英国浪漫主义文学的奠基之作,他们的理论与实践结束了英文古典诗歌的统治。美国浪漫主义文学是以惠特曼的《草叶集》为开端的,开创了美国民族诗歌的新时代,作者是站在激进的民主主义立场上进行歌颂的。二是美国的浪漫主义文学师承英国,但却富有美国色彩。美国作家受到英国作家的影响,同样喜欢抒发个人的情感,以及喜欢描绘异国的风光。但是在美国文学中突出表现的“西部开拓”却是一个极具特色的素材。在库伯《皮袜子的故事里》美国本土的自然风光与景物成为了人物品格的象征,形成了美国文学离开尘世,心向自然的传统。三是英国浪漫主义作品以诗歌为主,而美国的作品更加丰富独特。英国文学中第二代作家与“湖畔诗人”消极态度相反,主张争取民主与自由,雪莱的《西风颂》、济慈的《夜莺颂》。英文文学中也有具有代表性的历史小说、哥特小说。美国文学中有喜剧性寓言体小说、歌德式的惊险故事,边疆历险故事,社会现实小说。超验主义也是美国文学的一大特色。.

英汉语言风格比较

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