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黑龙江大学跨文化课后判断对错

黑龙江大学跨文化课后判断对错
黑龙江大学跨文化课后判断对错

跨文化判断对错(checklist第二题)

1.T The iceberg model of culture implies that it is very difficult to understand a culture thoroughly.

2.F Culture is innate as soon as a person is born.

3.T People may sometimes get confused about his or her cultural identity.

4.F Scholars prefer the term subculture to co-culture in describing a culture which exists within a dominant culture.

5.T A person could be a member of several different subgroups at the same time.

6.F Intercultural communication occurs when the sender and the receiver exchanging messages are from different races.

7.T Communication and culture are inseparable and strongly connected.

8.F The sender must choose certain words or nonverbal methods to send an intentional message. This activity is called decoding.

9.T The process of communication has nine components:sender,encoding,message, channel, noise, receiver, decoding, feedback, and context.

10.T No two of us can assume that our sensations are the same.Different stimuli can produce the same sensations.

11.T The same stimuli can produce very different sensations.

12.T Our perception are influenced by who we are, including the accumulation of our experience.

13.F We give meanin g to or “decode”the information that we have selected and organized during the selection stage.

14.T The psychological filters refer to the psychological factors, including the attitudes, beliefs, and dispositions of the individual.

15.T Ethnocentrism, stereotyping, prejudice and racism are learned.

16.T Although stereotypes are considered as being negative judgments,they can also be positive.

17.T When communicating with people from other cultures,an individual sometimes is likely to treat them as”his people”and to assume there is only one way of doing things:that is”his way”.

18.F Assumption of superiority may lead to assuming similarity instead of difference.

19.F Industrialization is not the reason for the persistence of ethnocentrism,stereotyping,prejudice and racism.

20.F An exacting style of communication can be found in Japan,China,and some Native American cultures.

21.F The self-effacement verbal style emphasizes the importance of boasting about one’s accomplishments and abilities.

22.T The elaborate,exacting,or succinct communication style deals with the quantity and/or volume of talk that is preferred across cultural groups.

23.T Dialect refers to geographic variation,while sociolect refers to variation in terms of social group.

24.T An elaborate style of communication can be seen in Arab cultures.

25.F Speaking is the only mode of effective communication.

26.F Chinese like to touch babies or small children,especially they like others to pat their children’s head.

27.T Saudi Arabs belong to touch cultures.

28.T The appropriateness of eye contact varies with different cultures.

29.T Paralanguage may imply the connotation of the actual words.

30.T Industrialized societies like the United States,the masteruy-over-nature view tends to predominate.

31.F The harmony-with-nature orientation draws chear distinctions among human life,nature,and the supernatural.

32.F Both Americans and British show respect for tradition.

33.T A doing orientation involves a focus on those types of activities which have outcomes that can be measured by someone else.

34.T In Being cultures,social status and position are more important than what a person does.

35.F In Saudi Arabia,greetings tend to be informal. Both men and women shake hands on meeting and leaving.

36.T In Finland,firm handshakes are the normal greeting for men and women.

37.T Americans might regard gift giving as a form of bribery.

38.F In Japan,one should open the gift in front of the giver.

39.T Mexican negotiators emphasize relational concerns prior to the real negotiation.

40.F Similarity of culture does not affect acculturation.

41.T Successful management of culture shock depends on an awareness of its symptoms and the degree of its severity.

42.F Similarity of culture does not affect acculturation.

43.T Successful management of culture shock depends on an awareness of its symptoms and the degree of its severity.

44.F The second stage of intercultural adaptation is called honeymoon stage or initial euphoria stage.

45.F All the activities of learning one’s culture are called acculturation.

46.F Insomnia can be one example of the physical symptoms of culture shock.

47.T Financial matters can result in culture shock.

黑龙江大学跨文化交际英语复习总结(超全)

跨文化考试总结 考试构成: 一、单选1*10=10分。(Choose the one that)其中有一部分是书中的概念。 二、判断1*10=10分。(A—>true,B—>false)课后习题第二大题,其中某些题是变动的。要注重理解。 三、搭配1*20=20分。matching四组搭配,概念的对应,每一章课后的summary中的黑体字。 四、阅读理解1*20=20分。四篇。与课文中的专有词有关。 五、完型填空1*10=10分。 六、案例分析3*5=15分。五个案例。书中案例有四个,课外一个。 七、写作15分。150+words。可以准备一些跨文化、交际的文章。四十分钟的写作时间。8:00——8:40.作文提前收! 注:前六大题是客观题即选择,只有写作是主观题。 课后题: (课后题第一第二大题老师也让多多关注,我这里就不多写啦,除了课后第一第二大题,我这里都全啦) 1、P28——P30 2、P58——P61 3、P95——P97 4、P124——P126 5、P159——P162 6、P194——P197 7、P237——P240 8、P270——P272 9、P304——P306

所有概念关键词+考试范围内的CASE: Chapter1Culture Keywords (1)Culture(from intellectual perspective):Culture is“the arts and other manifestations of h uman intellectual achievement regarded collectively”(从知性角度定义文化:作为整体的人类智力成就的艺术和其他表现。) (2)Culture(from anthropologic perspective):Culture consists of patterns,explicit and impli cit,of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols,constituting the distinctive ac hievement of human groups,including their embodiments in artifacts;the essential core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached values”.(从人类学角度定义文化:文化由清晰和模糊的行为模式构成,这些模式通过符号获得并传播,这些符号由人类群体的特别成就构成,包括具体的人工制品。文化的基本核心由传统思想和与其相关的价值观构成。) (3)Culture(from psychological perspective):culture is the collective programming of he m ind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another。(从心理学角度定义文化:文化是使一个人类群体成员区别于其他人类群体的思维的总体规划。) (4)Culture(from socialogical perspective):Culture is defined as a pattern of learned,group -related perception—including both verbal and nonverbal language,attitudes,values,belie f system,disbelief systems,and behavior.(从社会学角度定义文化:文化是一种可习得的、基于群体的认知模式——包括言语与非言语符号、态度、价值观、信仰和非信仰系统以及行为。) (5)Culture(from intercultural communication perspective):is the deposit of knowledge,ex perience,belief,values,actions,attitudes,hierarchies,religions,notions of time,roles,spati al relations,concepts of the universe,and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the co urse of generations through individual and group striving.(从跨文化交际学角度定义文化:文化是个人和群体在种族发展过程中所获得的知识、经验、信仰、价值观、行为、态度、阶级、、时间观、角色、空间观、宇宙观和艺术品的集合。) (6)Culture Identity:refers to one’s sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic gro up.(文化身份:认为自己归属于某一文化或民族群体的感觉。) (7)Subculture: refers to a culture that exists within dominant culture,and is often based on economic or s ocial class,ethnicity,race,or geographic region.(亚文化:指存在于主流文化中的文化,其划分通常基于经济地位、社会阶层、民族、种族或地理区域。) Subcultures exist within dominant culture,and are often based on economic or social class, ethnicity,race,or geographic region.

跨文化交际试题 附答案

《跨文化交际》试题(附答案) Paper 1 Communication Analysis ? The following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.? ? Question 1 Case 1: Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant. Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll love it! Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.? ? Question 2 Case 2: Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory. Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong! Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job. Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure. Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music. Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a scientific experiment. Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child’ s play, and I'm playing the game. Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important experiment! Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.? ? Question 3 Case 3: This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year’s exchange.

期末英语专业跨文化交际试题试题及参考答案

中央广播电视大学2003--2004学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试 英语专业跨文化交际试题 注意事项 一、将你的学号、姓名及分校(工作站)名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。考试结束后,把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。试卷和答题纸均不得带出考场。 二、仔细阅读题目的说明,并按题目要求答题。答案一定要写在答题纸指定的位置上,写在试卷上的答案无效。 三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题,使用铅笔答题无效。 Information for the Examinees: This examination consists of FOUR sections.These are: Section I:Listening(20 points,30 minutes) Section II:Language Appropriacy and Accuracy(30 points,20 minutes) SectionⅢ:Reading Comprehension(20 points,30 minutes) Section lV:Communication Analysis(30 points,40 minutes) The total marks for this examination are 100 points.Time allowed for competing this examination is 2 hours(1 20 minutes)allowed for completing this examination is hours (120 minutes). Section I:Listening [20 points] You are going to listen to an interview.Then choose the best answer from A,B,C and D to answer each question.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. 1.Concerning the issue of maternity,what ideas prevail among Chinese women? A.The modern concept. B.The traditional concept. C.The responsibility to the society.’ D.The responsibility to the family. 2.According to the passage,raising children——. A.is an unbearable burden to women B.is a significant part of a woman’s life C.is the permanent task of women D is the task 0f both a man and a woman 3.Giving birth . A.brings great pleasure to women B.differs men from women physically and spiritually C.makes the women’s life complete D.all the above 4.Those oppose giving birth think that . A.giving birth is something rather primitive

黑龙江大学跨文化课后判断对错

跨文化判断对错(checklist第二题) 1.T The iceberg model of culture implies that it is very difficult to understand a culture thoroughly. 2.F Culture is innate as soon as a person is born. 3.T People may sometimes get confused about his or her cultural identity. 4.F Scholars prefer the term subculture to co-culture in describing a culture which exists within a dominant culture. 5.T A person could be a member of several different subgroups at the same time. 6.F Intercultural communication occurs when the sender and the receiver exchanging messages are from different races. 7.T Communication and culture are inseparable and strongly connected. 8.F The sender must choose certain words or nonverbal methods to send an intentional message. This activity is called decoding. 9.T The process of communication has nine components:sender,encoding,message, channel, noise, receiver, decoding, feedback, and context. 10.T No two of us can assume that our sensations are the same.Different stimuli can produce the same sensations. 11.T The same stimuli can produce very different sensations. 12.T Our perception are influenced by who we are, including the accumulation of our experience. 13.F We give meanin g to or “decode”the information that we have selected and organized during the selection stage. 14.T The psychological filters refer to the psychological factors, including the attitudes, beliefs, and dispositions of the individual. 15.T Ethnocentrism, stereotyping, prejudice and racism are learned. 16.T Although stereotypes are considered as being negative judgments,they can also be positive. 17.T When communicating with people from other cultures,an individual sometimes is likely to treat them as”his people”and to assume there is only one way of doing things:that is”his way”. 18.F Assumption of superiority may lead to assuming similarity instead of difference. 19.F Industrialization is not the reason for the persistence of ethnocentrism,stereotyping,prejudice and racism. 20.F An exacting style of communication can be found in Japan,China,and some Native American cultures. 21.F The self-effacement verbal style emphasizes the importance of boasting about one’s accomplishments and abilities. 22.T The elaborate,exacting,or succinct communication style deals with the quantity and/or volume of talk that is preferred across cultural groups. 23.T Dialect refers to geographic variation,while sociolect refers to variation in terms of social group. 24.T An elaborate style of communication can be seen in Arab cultures. 25.F Speaking is the only mode of effective communication.

跨文化交际复习考试题及答案

判断题 T 1 As a phenomenon, intercultural communication has existed for thousands of years. However, as a discipline, its history is only about fifty years. 作为一种现象,跨文化传播已经存在了数千年。然而,作为一门学科,它的历史只有大约五十年。 F 2 Intercultural Communication as a discipline first started in Europe. 跨文化交际是欧洲第一门学科 F 3 Culture is a static entity 静态的实体while communication is a dynamic process. 文化是一个静态的实体而沟通是一个动态的过程 T 4 Culture can be seen as shared knowledge ,what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given 约定的特定的culture. 文化可以被看作是一种共享的知识,人们需要知道的是在一个特定的文化中扮演适当的行为 T 5 Although cultural stereotype has its limitations (over-generalization),it still contributes to a person’s cultural cognition.认识、认知文化刻板印象虽有其局限性,但仍有助于人的文化认知。 T 6 In intercultural communication, we should separate one’s individual character from cultural generalization. 在跨文化交际中,我们要把自己的个性和文化的泛化分开。 T 7 Cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic mistakes. The linguistic mistake means that someone is not fully expressing his or her idea while cultural mistakes can lead to serious misunderstanding and even ill-feeling between individuals. 文化错误比语言错误更严重。语言错误意味着有人不能充分表达自己的想法,而文化上的错误会导致严重的误解,甚至个人之间的不适感 F 8 All people of the same nationality will have the same culture. 所有同一民族的人都会有相同的文化 T 9 Although two cultures may share the same ideas, their meaning and significance may not be the same. 虽然两国文化有着相同的想法,但它们的意义和意义可能不一样

大学跨文化英语答案 unit 2

Text A Reading Comprehension 2. 1) B 2) A 3) C 4) A 5) D 3. 1) A 2) A 3) B 4) B 5) B Language Practice 1. 1) disappointed 译文:我这四年每年都会去那里,对那儿从来没有失望过。 2) apparently 译文:这个星期油价跌至这14个月的最低点,显然是生产过剩导致的。 3) accustomed 译文:我有点担心可能不习惯那里的生活。但事实上那里的生活很愉快。 4) comment 译文:对了,在我们开始讨论这个月的报告之前,我还要说一句。 5) assure 译文:我们向你保证,这样的事情在未来的投递中不会再发生。 6) departure 译文:天气原因导致其他航班起飞延误。 7) temper 译文:他建议我们给这种烈酒兑点水来稀释一下。 8) cancel 译文:如果有一方不履行该合同,另一方有权取消合同。 9) original 译文:由于他的朋友不能准时来,他对原计划稍做修改。 10) anxious 译文:你工作一直非常努力,所以不用担心结果。 11) confess 译文:我可以开车送你去机场,但我必须承认我车开得不好。 12) regular 译文:即使近期做过一次常规体检,你也应当征求医生的意见。 13) handle 译文:她不确定该怎样处理这个问题。 14) assume 译文:有理由相信经济会不断好转。

15) complain 译文:他们对于加班从不抱怨。 2. 1) A 2) B 3) C 4) A 5) B 6)B 7) B 8) A 9)D 10) C 3. 1) down let sb. down 让某人失望 2) from distract sb. from doing sth. 分散(某人的)注意力 3) to stick to 坚持 4) for (be) bound for 开往…… 5) in stop dead in one’s tracks 突然停止 4. 1) development 发展 2) internationalization 国际化 3) Perseverance 毅力 4) bitterness 苦涩 5) educator 教育家 6) failure 失败 7) acceptance 接受 8) pressure 压力 5. 注解:本单元的语法内容涉及情态动词表达的情绪、态度或语气,主要关注can, may, must 和need。情态动词can为“能够,可以”之意,表示体力或脑力方面的能力和客观可能性。 may在陈述句中谈论可能性,意为“也许,或许”;在疑问句中语气委婉,表示请求。 must 意为“必须,应当”,表示不可逃避的义务,没有选择余地。 need表示“需要,必须”,即某种情况促使人们需要做某事。 1) can 表示能力,即“能说两门以上外语的人” 2) may 在一般疑问句中表示请求:“我没有校园卡,但我可以把这本书借出图书馆吗?” 3) can/may, must 第一处的情态动词可以填can表示客观可能性,也可填may表示推测, 第二处根据前文可知意为“你必须非常小心”。 4) must, needn’t 句子的含义为“我必须今天完成论文吗?不,你不需要。” 5) may 强调“可能性” ,表示“仅仅蔬菜可能不足以提供孩子正常生长所需的卡路里。” 6) need 强调“需要”的含义 6. 1) He admits that playing video games distracts him from doing his homework. 2) He failed in the exam again, which greatly let his parents down. 3) Before you feel like giving up, I hope you can try sticking to a fixed weight loss plan. 4) In many cultures, it is not appropriate to express dissatisfaction ?at out. 5) The pianist injured her finger, but she gave a wonderful performance, no less.

黑龙江大学09-10学年第一学期《大学英语跨文化交际》复习重点

黑龙江大学09-10学年第一学期《大学英语跨文化交际》复习重点 Chapter 1 Culture I.定义 Culture(from intellectual perspective):从知性角度定义文化:作为整体的人类智力成就的艺术和其他表现 Culture(from anthropologic perspective):从人类学角度定义文化:文化有清晰和模糊的行为模式构成,这些模式通过符号获得并传播,这些符号有人类群体的特别成就构成,包括具体的人工制品。文化的基本核心由传统思想和与其相关的价值观构成。 Culture(from psychological perspective) : 从心理学角度定义文化:文化是使一个人类群体成员区别于其他人类群体的思维的总体规划。 Culture(from sociological perspective): 从社会学角度定义文化:文化是一种可习得的,基于群体的认知模式——包括言语与非言语符号,态度,价值观,信仰和非信仰系统以及行为。 Culture(from intercultural communication perspective): 从跨文化交际学角度定义文化:文化是个人和群体在种族发展过程中所获得的知识,经验,信仰,价值观,行为,态度,阶级,宗教,时间观,角色,空间观和艺术品的集合。 Culture Identity: 文化身份:认为自己归属于某一文化或民族群体的感觉。

Subculture亚文化:指存在于主流文化中的文化,其划分通常基于经济地位,社会阶层,民族,种族或地理区域。 Co-culture 共文化——指具有独特的交际特征,感知特点,价值观,信仰和行为,区别于其他群体,社团以及主流文化的群体或社团。 Subgroup 亚群体——相对于亚文化和共文化群体,亚群体通常规模不大,也不一定有文化群体时代相传积累的价值观念和行为模式。 Chapter 2 Communication and Intercultural Communication 1. Sender/Source信息发出者/信息源:指传递信息的人 2. Message信息:只引起信息接受者反应的任何信号。 3. Encoding: 编码:之信息发出者选择言语或用非言语的方式发出有目的的信息的行为。 4. Channel/Medium渠道/媒介:只发送信息的方法 5. Receiver:信息接受者:指注意到信息并且赋予信息某些含义的人 6. Decoding: 解码:指信息接受者赋予其受到的言语或符号信息意义的行为。 7. Feedback: 反馈“指信息接受者对信息源信息所作出的反应。 8. Noise: 干扰:指妨碍信息交流的各种因素。包括外界干扰,生理干扰,心理干扰和语义干扰。

大学英语跨文化交际双语课程1

大学英语跨文化交际双语课程水平测试题(一) I. Multiple Choice (20 points, 2 points each) Directions: There are some statements in this section. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, choose the ONE that best completes the statement. 1.The United States continues to welcome a large number of immigrants each year and has been referred to as a melting-pot society. This trend can reflect the theory of _____. A. macroculture B. microculture C. globalization D. modernization 2. A teenager dresses like and talks like a gang member but not a member of any gang. This case reflects the _______ characteristic of subgroup. A. deviant label B. temporality C. wanna-be behavior D. unexamined 3.When you talk with your friends about Picasso, Beethoven, you are talking about culture from ______ perspective. A. anthropologic B. intellectual C. social D. psychological 4.The dialogues at the United Nations, for example, would be termed _________. A. interracial communication B. interethnic communication C. international communication D. interpersonal communication 5.There is a Chinese belief that “One is good in nature with different characteristics but similar habits. However, if he is not well educated, his nature changes”. This belief can reflect that_______. A. Human nature is evil but perfectible. B. Human nature is a mixture of good and evil. C. Human nature is good but corruptible. D. None of the above.

黑龙江大学跨文化案例分析Cases

Case 2:White Dress Case analysis: The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they see the western brid e in white gown. The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text. Culture is like an iceberg: we can ide ntify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures, but we do not know the values underneath. C ulture is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usu ally take it for granted and never ask why. Case 4:Coconut-skating(用椰油保养地板的方法) The case reflects the characteristics of culture. We can tell from the case that culture is pervasive and it’s lear ned. People may invent different ways for things even as simple as the issue of floor moping. The Philippine w oman must have learned this way of mopping from her own culture. Case 12: Why Don’t You Eat the Pizza? This case can reflect the problems appearing during intercultural communication and how ignoring cultural diff erences can affect communication. In Malaysia, where most people are Muslims, people think the left hand i s used only for cleaning the body and thus it is dirty and can not be used to pass food. Knowing nothing abou t the cultural difference, the American student puts himself in an embarrassing situation. Chapter 3 Culture’s I nfluence on Perception Case 16: Different Responses to Noise This case can reflect different culture can give different influences on human sensation. No two of people ca n assume that their sensations are the same, especially when they come from different cultures. Different soci al reality and living conditions can equip them with different way to sense the world. So it is very common fo r them to have totally different sensations even towards the same condition. In this case, the German profess or and Japanese professor have very different response to the noise produced by the same motor for the heat ing system because of their cultures and living habits. Case 21: A Danish Woman in New York This case can reflect assuming similarity instead of difference. When communicating with people from anothe r culture, one is likely to regard and treat other people as “his people”and to assume there must be only on e way of doing things: that is “his way”. In this case, the Danish woman assumes that her behavior of leavin g the baby alone, which is common in Denmark, is also appropriate in New York. Here, she assumes what is s uitable in her own culture is also indisputable in another culture. That is why the small conflict happens. Case 23:Girl-ness This case can reflect one of the translation problems: the lack of conceptual equivalence, which refers to abstr act ideas that may not exist in the same fashion in different languages. Different cultures may attach differen t meanings to the same thing or person. Concerning this case, we should know what young females call them selves is very different in China from the States. In China, "girl" means someone who is young and single. I n a way, it makes a female sound more desirable to be called a girl rather than a woman. For most people, "w oman" means someone who is married and who probably is not young. In fact, most single Chinese female s, such as university students, would be insulted to be called "women". While in the West, in formal, public set

大学英语跨文化交际所有CASE答案

大学英语跨文化交际所有CASE答案!!!是WORD格式不是PDF格式的!!! Case 1: An Interview in India Case analysis: The case is about an interview between an American program host and an Indian interviewee. They talk about some aspects of Indian culture and the changes occurred these years. The case reflects some basic cultural elements people may find in all cultures: language, family pattern, marriage, wedding ceremony, food and the way to eat food, etc. From this case, guide the students in culture study and culture comparison. The students should realize that there are both similarities and differences in culture. Culture is in fact very dynamic and pervasive. Case 2: White Dress Case analysis: The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they see the western bride in white gown. The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text. Culture is like an iceberg: we can identify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures, but we do not know the values underneath. Culture is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usually take it for granted and never ask why. Case 3: The French in North America Case analysis: The French were able to see Indian behavior only in the light of their own hierarchical social system, where it is natural for the few to command and the many to obey. Social systems that worked on other principles were literally unimaginable. Case 4: Coconut-skating Case analysis: The case reflects the characteristics of culture. We can tell from the case that culture is pervasive and it’s learned. People may invent different ways for things even as simple as the issue of floor moping. The Philippine woman must have learned this way of mopping from her own culture. Case 5: A Black Girl’s Identity Case analysis: Although we may say that identities are constituted by our communication, it is obvious from the case that we cannot simply choose at any moment what our identity will be regardless of the context. First, we often do not share the recipe for certain identities with others even if we belong to the same ethnicity, gender, or nationality. Understanding this can help us avoid some of the broad assumptions made about groups of people based on the reflective way of thinking. Second, as we learned in the very first chapter, all meaning in communication is to some extent situational. Thus, the context mediates what identities we can choose. Sometimes things one may have no control over, such as age or skin color, are seen as essential parts of how one communicates an identity. Case 6 Hippies Case analysis: Hippies could be defined as a subgroup, as the hippies culture tends to be temporary. In modern American society, hippies culture could also find traits, but it has wide spread influence on American value system. Case 7

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