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2017年对外经济贸易大学商务英语专业考研综合英语复习要点18—新祥旭考研辅导.doc

2017年对外经济贸易大学商务英语专业考研综合英语复习要点18—新祥旭考研辅导.doc
2017年对外经济贸易大学商务英语专业考研综合英语复习要点18—新祥旭考研辅导.doc

2017年对外经济贸易大学商务英语专业考研综合英语复习要点18—新祥旭考研辅导

快速阅读练习Reading Comprehension (Skimming and

Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part. You will have 15 minutes to go over thepassage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. Forquestions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices markedA)、B)、C)and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with theinformation given in the passage.The Three-Year SolutionHartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York,makes New York, makes this offer to well prepared students: earn yourundergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about543,000the amount of one years tuition and fees. A number ofinnovative colleges are making the same offer to students anxiousabout saving time and money. Thats both an opportunity and awarning for the best higher-education system in the world.The United States has almost all of the worlds bestuniversities.

A recent Chinese survey ranks 35 American universitiesamong the top 50, eight among the top 10. Our research universitieshave been the key to developing the competitive advantages that helpAmericans produce 25% of all the worlds wealth. In 2007, 623,805 ofthe worlds brightest students were attracted to Americanuniversities.Yet, there are signs of peril (危险)within American highereducation. U.S. colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Studentsmay choose among 6,000 public, private, nonprofit, for profit, orreligious institutions of higher learning. In addition, almost all ofthe 532 billion the federal government provides for universityresearch is awarded competitively.But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. Forinstance, the idea of the

fall-to-springschool yearhasntchanged much since before the American Revolution, when we were asummer stretch no longer makes sense. Former George WashingtonUniversity president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typicalcollege uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more thanhalf the calendar year.While college facilities sit idle, theycontinue to generate maintenance expenses that contribute to the highcost of running a college, he has written.

Within academic departments, tenure(终身职位),combined with

age-discrimination laws, makes faculty turnovercritical for auniversity to remain current in changing timesdifficult. Instead ofprotecting speech and encouraging diversity and innovative thinking,the tenure system often stifles(压制)them: younger professors mustwin the approval of established colleagues for tenure, encouraginglike-mindedness and

sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas.Meanwhile, tuition has soared, leaving graduating students withunprecedented loan debt. Strong campus presidents to manage theseproblems are becoming harder to find, and to keep. In fact, studentsnow stay on campus almost as long as their presidents. The averageamount of time students now take to complete an undergraduate degreehas stretched to six years and seven months as students interruptedby work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes, or lured by one morefootball season find it hard to graduate.Congress has tried to help students with college costs throughPell Grants and other forms of tuition support. But some of theirfixes have made the problem worse. The stack of congressionalregulations governing federal student grants and loans now standstwice as tall as I do. Filling out these forms consumes 7% of everytuition dollar.For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick arerethinking the old way of doing things and questioning decades-oldassumptions about what a college degree means. For instance, why doesit have to take four years to earn a diploma? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled inthe schools new three year degree program. According to the college,the plan is designed for high-ability, highly motivated student whowish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advanceddegrees.By eliminating that extra year, there year degree students save25% in costs. Instead of taking 30 credits a year, these studentstake 40. During January, Hartwick runs a four week course duringwhich students may earn three to four credits on or off campus,including a number of international sites. Summer courses are notrequired, but a student may enroll in themand pay extra. Three yearstudents get first crack at course registration. There are no changesin the number of courses professors teach or in their pay.The three-year degree isnt a new idea. Geniuses have alwaysbreezed through. Judson College, a 350-student institution in Alabama,

has offered students a three-year option for 40 years. Studentsattend short terms in May and June to earn the credits requiredfor graduation. Bates College in Maine and Ball State University inIndiana are among other colleges offering three-year options.Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make iteasier for many students to earn their undergraduate degrees in lesstime. One of five students arrives at college today with AdvancedPlacement (AP) credits amounting to a semester or more of collegelevel work. Many universities, including large schools like theUniversity of Texas, make it easy for these AP students to graduatefaster.For students who dont plan to stop with an undergraduate degree,the three-year plan may have an even greater appeal. Dr. John Sergent,head of Vanderbilt University Medical Schools residency (住院医生)program, enrolled in Vanderbilts undergraduate college in 1959. Heentered medical school after only three years as did four or five ofhis

classmates. My first year of medical school counted as mysenior year, which meant I had to take three to four labs a week toget all my sciences in. I basically skipped my senior year, saysSergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife.There are, however, drawbacks to moving through school at such abrisk pace. For one, it deprives students of the luxury of time toroam (遨游) intellectually. Compressing everything into three yearsalso leaves less time for growing up, engaging in extracurricularactivities, and studying abroad. On crowded campuses it could meanfewer opportunities to get into a prized professors class. IowasWaldorf College has graduated several hundred students in its three-year degree program, but it now phasing out the option. Most Waldorfstudents wanted the full four-year experienceacademically, socially,and athletically. And faculty members will be wary of any change thatthreatens the core curriculum in the name of moving students into theworkforce.Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of educationin this lightas a way to ensure economic competitiveness andcontinued economic growth, Derek Bok, former president of Harvard,told The Washington Post. I strongly disagree with this approach.Another risk: the new campus schedules might eventually produce lessrevenue for the institution and longer working hours for facultymembers.

Adopting a three-year option will not come easily to most school.Those that wish to tackle tradition and make American campus morecost-conscious may find it easier to take Trachtenbergs advice:open campuses

year-round.You could run two complete colleges, withtwo complete faculties,he says.Thats without cutting the lengthof students vacations, increasing class sizes, or requiring facultyto teach more.Whether they experiment with three-year degrees, offer year-roundclasses, challenge the tenure systemor all of the aboveuniversities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive andrelevant they must adapt to a rapidly changing world.Expanding the three-year option may be difficult, but it may beless difficult than asking Congress for additional financial help,asking legislators for more state support, or asking students evenhigher tuition payments. Campuses willing to adopt convenientschedules along with more focused, less-expensive degrees may findthat they have a competitive advantage in attracting bright,motivated students. These sorts of innovations can help Americanuniversities avoid the perils of success.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。1. Why did Hartwick College start three-year degree programs?A) To create chances for the poor. C) To enroll more students.B) To cut students expenses. D) To solve its financial problems.2. By quoting Stephen Trachtenberg the author wants to say that .A) American universities are resistant to changeB) the summer vacation contributes to student growthC) college facilities could be put to more effective useD) the costs of running a university are soaring3.

The author thinks the tenure system in American

universities .A)suppresses creative thinking C) guarantees academic freedomB) creates conflicts among colleagues D) is a sign of agediscrimination

4. What is said about the new three-year degree program atHartwick?A) Its students have to earn more credits each year.B) Non-credit courses are eliminated altogether.C) Its faculty members teach more hours a week.D) Some summer courses are offered free of charge.

5. What do we learn about Judson Colleges three-year degreeprogram?A) It has been running for several decades.B) It is open to the brightest students only.C) It is the most successful in the country.D) It has many practical courses on offer.

6. What changes in high schools help students earn undergraduatedegrees in three years?A) Curriculums have been adapted to students needs.B) More students have Advanced Placement credits.C) More elective courses are offered in high school.D) The overall quality of education bas improved.

7. What is said to be a drawback of the three-year collegeprogram?A) Students have to cope with too heavy a workload.B) Students dont have much time to roam intellectually.C) Students have little time to gain practical experience.D) Students dont have prized professors to teach them.

8. College faculty members are afraid that the pretext of movingstudents into the workforce might pose a threat to .

9. Universities are increasingly aware that they must adapt to arapidly changing world in order to .10. Convenient academic schedules with more-focused, less-expensive degrees will be more attractive to .

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商务英语的特点 词汇、句子 二、商务英语的特点 商务英语属于特殊用途英语(ESP)的一种,是英语语言体系中的一个分支,以普通英语为基础,它不但具有普通英语的语言学特征,而且又是商务知识和普通英语的综合体。即它基于英语的基本语法、句法结构和词汇,但在专业词汇、句式结构等方面又具有其自身的特点,只有全面把握商务英语的特点,才能更为全面和深入地理解商务英语。本文以下内容拟对商务英语的词汇和句式结构的特点作初步分析。 (一)词汇特点 1.专门术语及缩略词的大量使用。 专业术语具有国际通用性,其意义精确、单一、无歧义,且不带有个人感情色彩,一般不需要借助上下文来理解。商务英语是属于商务领域中的一种应用语言,其语言应用的显着特点之一就是专业性强,词汇及内容与专业密切相关,承载着丰富的商务理论和商务实践方面的信息。 例如:用来反映海洋运输货物保险险别主要包括平安险(Free from Particular Average)、水渍险(With Particular Average)和一切险(All Risks)。这些都是商务英语中特有的应用表达,每种险别都有行内明确规定了的责任及除外责任。 除了专业性强外,商务活动的频繁开展使得商务英语中产生了一些约定俗成的专业术语缩略词,对于这些术语和概念,从事国际商务活动的人们都应该熟悉,并将随着商务交往的频繁而日益增加。 如:商谈价格时涉及到价格术语(terms of price),其中最常见的有FOB(free on board,离岸价),CIF(cost,insurance and freight,到岸价),CFR(cost and freight,成本加运费价)。 又如:在涉及到付款条件(terms of payment),也有我们常见到的许多以缩略词形式出现的方式,如M/T(mail transfer信汇)、T/T(telegra phic transfer电汇)、D/D(demand draft票汇)、D/P(documents against payment,付款交单)、D/A(documents against acceptance,承兑交单)、L/C(letter of credit信用证)等。 2.商务英语用词强调正式规范性。商务英语用词明白易懂、正式规范、简短达意、语言平实。用词方面多以意义相同或详尽的书面词语代替基本词汇和口语词汇,保证所用词语具有国际通用性但又不能过于非正式。这种正式词语常见于各类商务文书,以示庄重和严肃,同时避免不必要的重复,使意义更加清楚、简明。 3. 如使用concur代替come together、用terminate或都expiry代替end、用prior to或者previous to代替before、用in view of代替because of用certify代替prove。在介词方面,商务英语往往使用以繁复的介词短语来代替简单的介词和连词,如:用in the nature of代替like;用along the lines of代替like;用for the purpose of 代替for;用in the case of替代if;用on the ground that替代since/because;用with reference to/with regard to替代about等。 4. 3.普通词汇,独特行业词义。 5. 商务英语具有独特的行业特点,许多日常使用的普通词汇在商务英语中有其特殊的含义,只有了解这些词的专业意义和内涵才能应用自如。 6. 以人们熟识的英语单词offer,advice,cover为例,理解它们在商务英语中所被赋予的新的特殊的含义。

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