A Clean,Well-lighted Place原文 附带解析

A Clean, Well-lighted Place

Ernest Hemingway

It was late and everyone had left the cafe except an old man who sat in the shadow the leaves of the tree made against the electric light. In the daytime the street was dusty, but at night the dew settled the dust and the old man liked to sit late because he was deaf and now at night it was quiet and he felt the difference. The two waiters inside the cafe knew that the old man was a little drunk, and while he was a good client they knew that if he became too drunk he would leave without paying, so they kept watch on him.

"Last week he tried to commit suicide," one waiter said.

"Why?"

"He was in despair."

"What about?"

"Nothing."

"How do you know it was nothing?"

"He has plenty of money."

They sat together at a table that was close against the wall near the door of the cafe and looked at the terrace where the tables were all empty except where the old man sat in the shadow of the leaves of the tree that moved slightly in the wind.

The old man sitting in the shadow rapped on his saucer with his glass. The younger waiter went over to him.

"What do you want?"

The old man looked at him. "Another brandy," he said.

"You'll be drunk," the waiter said. The old man looked at him. The waiter went away. "He'll stay all night," he said to his colleague. "I'm sleepy now. I never get into bed before three o'clock. He should have killed himself last week."

The waiter took the brandy bottle and another saucer from the counter inside the cafe

and marched out to the old man's table. He put down the saucer and poured the glass full of brandy. The waiter took the bottle back inside the cafe. He sat down at the table with his colleague again.

"I wish he would go home. I never get to bed before three o'clock. What kind of hour is that to go to bed?"

"He stays up because he likes it."

"He's lonely. I'm not lonely. I have a wife waiting in bed for me."

"He had a wife once too."

"A wife would be no good to him now."

"You can't tell. He might be better with a wife."

"I wouldn't want to be that old. An old man is a nasty thing."

"Not always. This old man is clean. He drinks without spilling. Even now, drunk. Look at him."

"I don't want to look at him. I wish he would go home. He has no regard for those who must work."

The old man looked from his glass across the square, then over at the waiters. "Another brandy," he said, pointing to his glass. The waiter who was in a hurry came over.

"Finished," he said, speaking with that omission of syntax stupid people employ when talking to drunken people or foreigners. "No more tonight. Close now." "Another," said the old man.

"No. Finished." The waiter wiped the edge of the table with a towel and shook his head.

The old man stood up, slowly counted the saucers, took a leather coin purse from his pocket and paid for the drinks, leaving half a peseta tip.

The waiter watched him go down the street, a very old man walking unsteadily but with dignity.

"Why didn't you let him stay and drink?" the un hurried waiter asked. They were putting up the shutter. "It is not half past two."

"I want to go home to bed."

"We are of two different kinds," the old waiter said. He was now dressed to go home. "It is not only a question of youth and confidence although those things are very beautiful. Each night I am reluctant to close up because there may be someone who needs the cafe."

"Hombre, there are bodegas open all night long."

"You do not understand. This is a clean and pleasant cafe. It is well lighted. The light is very good and also, now, there are shadows of the leaves."

"Good night," said the younger waiter.

"Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric light he continued the conversation with himself. It is the light of course, but it is necessary that the place be clean and pleasant. You do not want music. Certainly you do not want music. Nor can you stand before a bar with dignity although that is all that is provided for these hours. What did he fear? It was not fear or dread. It was a nothing that he knew too well. It was all a nothing and a man was nothing too. It was only that the light was all it needed and a certain cleanness and order. Some lived in it and never felt it but he knew it all was nada y pues nada y nada y pues nada.

He smiled and stood before a bar with a shining steam pressure coffee machine. "What yours?" asked the barman.

"Nada."

"Otro loco mas," said the barman and turned away.

"A little cup," said the waiter.

The barman poured it for him.

"The light is very bright and pleasant but the bar is unpolished," the waiter said.

The barman looked at him but did not answer. It was too late at night for conversation. "You want another copita?" the barman asked.

"No, thank you," said the waiter and went out. He disliked bars and bodegas. A clean, well-lighted cafe was a very different thing. Now, without thinking further, he would go home to his room. He would lie in the bed and finally, with daylight, he would go to sleep. After all, he said to himself, it was probably only insomnia. Many must have it.

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圣人无常师。孔子师郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃。郯子之徒，其贤不及孔子。孔子曰：三人行，则必有我师。是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子，闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。 李氏子蟠，年十七，好古文，六艺经传皆通习之，不拘于时，学于余。余嘉其能行古道，作师说以贻之。 译文 古代求学的人一定有老师。老师，是（可以）依靠来传授道理、教授学业、解答疑难问题的。人不是生下来就懂得道理的，谁能没有疑惑？（有了）疑惑，如果不跟从老师（学习），那些成为疑难问题的，就最终不能理解了。生在我前面，他懂得道理本来就早于我，我（应该）跟从（他）把他当作老师；生在我后面，（如果）他懂得的道理也早于我，我（也应该）跟从（他）把他当作老师。我（是向他）学习道理啊，哪管他的生年比我早还是比我晚呢？因此，无论地位高低贵贱，无论年纪大小，道理存在的地方，就是老师存在的地方。 唉，（古代）从师（学习）的风尚不流传已经很久了，想要人没有疑惑难啊!古代的圣人，他们超出一般人很远，尚且跟从老师而请教；现在的一般人，他们（的才智）低于圣人很远，却以向老师学习为耻。因此圣人就更加圣明，愚人就更加愚昧。圣人之所以能成为圣人，愚人之所以能成为愚人，大概都出于这吧？（人们）爱他们的孩子，就选择老师来教他，（但是）对于他自己呢，却以跟从老师（学习）为可耻，真是糊涂啊!那些孩子们的老师，是教他们读书，（帮助他们）学习断句的，不是我所说的能传授那些道理，解答那些疑难问题的。

韩愈-师说翻译

韩愈·《师说》英译 古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道受业解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能无惑？惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣。生乎吾前，其闻道也，固先乎吾，吾从而师之；生乎吾后，其闻道也，亦先乎吾，吾从而师之。吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎？是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。 嗟乎！师道之不传也久矣，欲人之无惑也难矣。古之圣人，其出人也远矣，犹且从师而问焉；今之众人，其下圣人也亦远矣，而耻学于师。是故圣益圣，愚益愚。圣人之所以为圣，愚人之所以为愚，其皆出于此乎？爱其子，择师而教之；于其身也，则耻师焉，惑矣。彼童子之师，授之书而习其句读者，非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。句读之不知，惑之不解，或师焉，或不焉，小学而大遗，吾未见其明也。巫医、乐师、百工之人，不耻相师。士大夫之族，曰师曰弟子云者，则群聚而笑之。问之，则曰：“彼与彼年相若也，道相似也，位卑则足羞，官盛则近谀。”呜呼！师道之不复，可知矣。巫医、乐师、百工之人，君子不齿。今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也欤！ 圣人无常师。孔子师郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃。郯子之徒，其贤不及孔子。孔子曰：“三人行，则必有我师。”是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子。闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。 李氏子蟠，年十七，好古文，六艺经传皆通习之，不拘于时，学于余。余嘉其能行古道，作《师说》以贻之。

On the Teacher Han Yu In ancient times scholars always had teachers. It takes a teacher to transmit the Way, impart knowledge and resolve doubts. Since man is not born with knowledge, who can be without doubt? But doubt will never be resolved without a teacher. He who was born before me learned the Way before me, and I take him as my teacher. But if he who was born after me learned the Way before me, I also take him as my teacher. I take the Way as my teacher. Why should I care whether a man was born before or after me? Irrespective therefore of the distinction between the high-born and the lowly, and between age and youth, where the Way is, there is my teacher. Alas, it has been a long time since the Way of the teacher was transmitted! And so it is difficult to expect people to be without doubt. Though ancient sages far surpassed the common folk, they nevertheless asked questions of their teachers. On the other hand, the masses of today, who are far inferior to the sages, are ashamed to learn from their teachers. Consequently, the sage became more sage, and the ignorant more ignorant. Indeed, is this not the reason why the sages were sage and the ignorant folk ignorant? He who loves his son selects a teacher for the child?s education, but he is ashamed to learn from a teacher himself. He is indeed deluded. The teacher of a child is one who gives instruction on books and on the punctuation of sentences. This is not what I meant when I talked about one who transmits the Way and resolves doubts. To take a teacher for instruction in correct punctuation and not to take a teacher to help resolve doubts is to learn the unimportant and leave out the important. I do not see the wisdom of it. Shamans, doctors, musicians and craftsmen are not ashamed to take one another as teachers. But, when the scholar-officials speak of teachers and pupils, there are those who get together and laugh at them. When questioned, their reply is that so and so is of the same age as so and so and that their understanding of the Way is similar. If one takes another who holds a low position as his teacher, it is something to be ashamed of. If it is some high official who is taken as a teacher, it is a form of flattery. Alas, the Way of the teacher is no longer understood! Shamans, doctors, musicians and craftsmen are not respected by a gentleman, but their wisdom is beyond that of the gentleman. Is this not strange? Our sages had no constant teachers. Confuc ius took T‘an-tzu, Ch‘ang-hung, Shih-hsiang and Lao-tan as his teachers, all of whom were not so wise as himself. Said Confucius, ―Among three men who walk with me, there must be a teacher of mine‖. The pupil is therefore not necessarily inferior to the teacher, and the teacher is not necessarily wiser than the pupil. What makes the difference is that one has heard the Way before the other and that one is more specialized in his craft and trade than the other – that is all. Li P‘an, who is seventeen, is fo nd of ancient literature and is deeply versed in the six arts, the classics and chronicles. Not subject to the trend of the day, he has studied under me. Pleased that he can practice the ancient Way, I have written this essay on the teacher to present to him. （刘师舜译）

上外中级口译第三版听力教程原文及讲解--Unit 8

Unit eight. Part one. New dwellings in Great Britain. 3. Exercises. 1. Listen to the following passage about housing in Britain, and then choose the best answer to each question you hear. In all 189,000 new dwellings were completed in Great Britain in 2006, a rise of 3.6 percent on 2005. Growth in owner occupation has been particularly marked increasing from 50 percent in 1991 to 67 percent at the end of 2006. Both the public and the private sectors build housing, but about four fifths in new dwellings are built by the private sector for sale to owner occupiers. Local authorities are encouraged to see their housing role as in the neighboring one. Working with housing associations and the private sector to increase the supply of low cost housing for sale or rent. Without necessarily providing it themselves. Housing associations are now the main providers of new social housing. Housing provided at rents affordable to people on low incomes, usually substantially below market rents. This allows local authorities to focus on improving the management of their own stock. Rents on new private sector lettings in Great Britain were deregulated in 1988 with the aim of stimulating the private rented sector, which had been declining from most of the last century. These policies had been taking forward with the housing act in 1996. Questions: 1) How many new dwellings were completed in Great Britain in 2006? 2) What percentage was owner occupation at the end of 2006? 3) What are local authorities encouraged to do? 4) Why were rents on new private sector lettings deregulated in 1988? 2. Listen again and then supply the missing information in the following passage. Part two. Statements. 2. Exercises. Listen and then choose the answer that is closest in meaning to the statement you hear. 1) If you want to add that information to your paper you really should check it out in the reference book. 2) We were met at the airport by Miss Janet the other day. It was very kind of her to do that especially at such short notice. 3) The forecast is for severe winter but I am hardly prepared. I am waiting for the next sale to get a down jacket. 4) She used to take two tablets a day, but recently the doctor doubled the dosage to see the effect of his prescription. 5) Alice has got her paper do, and 2 final exams next week, so she is spending a lot of time at the library. She has no time for parties at the moment. 6) John is going to California to take up a research position at the university very soon. And I need to find a new roommate. 7) Last Sunday we went to watch a football game. It started at 2 o’clock. And we arrived just in time for the second half. 8) In spite of occasional differences in the opinion about politics Ron and Pawl get along very well and often spend time together. 9) Having sent in his application 2 months earlier Tom should know by Monday whether his admission has been approved. 10) Seafood prices have come down quite a bit, the shrimp was 2 dollars a pound this week, so I bought 3 pounds.

韩愈《师说》练习题答案及原文翻译.doc

韩愈《师说》练习题答案及原文翻译 师说 韩愈 古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道受业解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能无惑？惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣。生乎吾前，其闻道也固先乎吾，吾从而师之；生乎吾后，其闻道也亦先乎吾，吾从而师之。吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎？是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。 嗟乎！师道之不传也久矣！欲人之无惑也难矣！古之圣人，其出人也远矣，犹且从师而问焉；今之众人，其下圣人也亦远矣，而耻学于师。是故圣益圣，愚益愚。圣人之所以为圣，愚人之所以为愚，其皆出于此乎？爱其子，择师而教之；于其身也，则耻师焉，惑矣。彼童子之师，授之书而习其句读者，非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。句读之不知，惑之不解，或师焉，或不焉，小学而大遗，吾未见其明也。巫医乐师百工之人，不耻相师。士大夫之族，曰师曰弟子云者，则群聚而笑之。问之，则曰：“彼与彼年相若也，道相似也。位卑则足羞，官盛则近谀。”呜呼！师道之不复可知矣。巫医乐师百工之人，君子不齿，今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也欤！ 圣人无常师。孔子师郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃。郯子之徒，其贤不及孔子。孔子曰：三人行，则必有我师。是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子，闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。

李氏子蟠，年十七，好古文，六艺经传皆通习之，不拘于时，学于余。余嘉其能行古道，作师说以贻之。 1．代古文运动的倡导者在《师说》中，对当时耻于学习的现象发出两句慨叹：，，其中，“久”字写出了当时耻师现象已成陋习，“难”字写出了从师学习的重要性。 2.《师说》一文通过“古之圣人”与“今之众人”对比，批判了“今之众人，，”的错误态度。 3.韩愈在《师说》中写道，时人在从师学习的问题上，对其子和对自身有不同的态度，对其子“”；对自身“”。 4.《师说》中，士大夫之族以地位官职为借口拒绝从师学习的语句是：，。 5.韩愈在《师说》中慨叹，因士大夫之族与巫医乐师百工之人对待从师学习的态度不同，产生了一种出人意料的结果：“巫医乐师百工之人，君子不齿，，！” 参考答案： 1.唐韩愈师道之不传也久矣欲人之无惑也难矣 2.其下圣人也亦远矣而耻学于师 3.择师而教之则耻师焉 4.位卑则足羞官盛则近谀 5.今其智乃反不能及其可怪也欤 二： 1．下列加点字的读音完全正确的一项是()

韩愈《师说》全国一等奖优秀教案

师说 【教学目标】 1、了解作者及写作背景，了解“古文运动”及“说”的文体知识。 2、学习借鉴本文正反对比的论证方法。 3、积累文中重要的实词、虚词和特殊句式。 4、树立尊师重教的思想，培养谦虚好学的优秀品质。 【教学重点】 1、学习借鉴本文正反对比的论证方法。 2、积累文中重要的实词、虚词和特殊句式。 3、正确把握韩愈关于尊师重道的论述和本文的思想意义。 教学时间：2学时 第一课时 教学过程 一、导入 中国自古以来最为尊奉的是“天帝君亲师”，人们把师与天地君亲并重，足可以看出我国自古以来尊师重道的优良传统，孔子曰：“三人行，则必有我师焉。”还有人说：“一日为师，终身为父。”程门立雪的故事也是妇孺皆知，所以明师之恩，诚为过于天地，重于父母多矣。然而在唐朝中期，社会上却弥漫着“耻学于师”的风气。柳宗元在他的《答韦中立论师道书》就谈到过人们耻学于师的现象：“今之世不闻有师，有，辄哗笑之，以为狂人。”然而面对这样的社会现实，就有一个狂人奋不顾流俗，犯笑侮，收召后学，作《师说》，因抗颜而为师。这个狂人就是韩愈，今天我们就要学习韩愈的这篇《师说》。 二、作者简介与解题 1、韩愈简介 韩愈（768—824）字退之，唐代河南河阳人。著名文学家，哲学家。古文运动的倡导者。死后谥“文”，称“韩文公”。苏轼称他“文起八代之衰”,明人列他为“唐宋八大家”之首。 韩愈推崇儒道，反对六朝以来的骈俪文风，与柳宗元同为古文运动的领袖。

提出

“文以载道”“唯陈言之务去”“辞必己出”的主张。著有《昌黎先生集》四十卷。他才如渊海，文思深刻，行文形式不拘，语言于朴健中见闳深，对当时和后世的影响极其深远。 2、古文运动： 实际是以复古为名的文风改革运动。韩愈和柳宗元一起提出“文以载道”“文道结合”的观点。主张学习先秦、两汉“言之有物”“言贵创新”的诸子、史传散文，坚决摒弃只讲形式不重内容、华而不实的文风。韩愈用其杰出的散文影响文坛，还热情地指导后进写作。经过他和柳宗元等人努力，终于把文章从六朝以来浮艳的骈文体中解放出来，奠定了唐宋实用散文的基础。《师说》可以看作提倡古文的宣言。 3、说： 《马说》《师说》还有初中学过周敦颐的《爱莲说》，题目中的“说”，是古代的一种论说文体，属议论文范围，重在议论。可先叙后议，也可夹叙夹议。一般陈述对某种事物的见解，相当于现在的杂文。“说”，古义为陈述和解说，故“师说”可理解为“解说从师的道理。” 4、背景简介： 魏晋时期，魏文帝曹丕实行九品中正制，按家世背景，将人分为几级，上层的士族阶层的子弟可以凭借他们高贵的家族身世，出仕为官，他们不用学习，自恃清高，也看不起老师，这样的风气一直沿袭到了唐朝，柳宗元在他的《答韦中立论师道书》写到： “由魏、晋以下，人益不事师。今之世，不闻有师；有，辄哗笑之，以为狂人。独韩愈奋不顾流俗，犯笑侮，收召后学，作《师说》，因抗颜而为师，世果群怪聚骂，指目牵引，而增与为言辞，愈以是得狂名。”当时韩愈35岁时，还在长安当国子监博士。本课是他写给他的学生李蟠的。现在我们就一起走近课文，看看作者为什么要作这篇文章给李蟠。 三、整体感知 1、学生自由朗诵课文，对照注释，对不懂的词句进行圈点。 2、老师指导学生诵读。 ⑴字音： 句读（dòu ）或不焉（fǒu）经传（zhuàn）近谀（yú）

师说韩愈原文及解析

韩愈 韩愈（768～824）字退之，唐代文学家、哲学家、思想家，河阳（今河南省焦作孟州市）人，汉族。祖籍河北昌黎，世称韩昌黎。晚年任吏部侍郎，又称韩吏部。谥号“文”，又称韩文公。他与柳宗元同为唐代古文运动的倡导者，主张学习先秦两汉的散文语言，破骈为散，扩大文言文的表达功能。宋代苏轼称他“文起八代之衰”，明人推他为唐宋八大家之首，与柳宗元并称“韩柳”，有“文章巨公”和“百代文宗”之名，作品都收在《昌黎先生集》里。韩愈在思想上是中国“道统”观念的确立者，是尊儒反佛的里程碑式人物。

师说 唐代：韩愈 古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道受业解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能无惑惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣。生乎吾前，其闻道也固先乎吾，吾从而师之；生乎吾后，其闻道也亦先乎吾，吾从而师之。吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。 嗟乎！师道之不传也久矣！欲人之无惑也难矣！古之圣人，其出人也远矣，犹且从师而问焉；今之众人，其下圣人也亦远矣，而耻学于师。是故圣益圣，愚益愚。圣人之所以为圣，愚人之所以为愚，其皆出于此乎爱其子，择师而教之；于其身也，则耻师焉，惑矣。彼童子之师，授之书而习其句读者，非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。句读之不知，惑之不解，或师焉，或不焉，小学而大遗，吾未见其明也。巫医乐师百工之人，不耻相师。士大夫之族，曰师曰弟子云者，则群聚而笑之。问之，则曰：“彼与彼年相若也，道相似也。位卑则足羞，官盛则近谀。”呜呼！师道之不复可知矣。巫医乐师百工之人，君子不齿，今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也欤！

圣人无常师。孔子师郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃。郯子之徒，其贤不及孔子。孔子曰：三人行，则必有我师。是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子，闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。 李氏子蟠，年十七，好古文，六艺经传皆通习之，不拘于时，学于余。余嘉其能行古道，作师说以贻之。