基于AIS数据的精细化船舶排放清单方法
中国环境科学 2017,37(12)：4493~4500 China Environmental Science 基于AIS数据的精细化船舶排放清单方法
朱倩茹1*,廖程浩1,王龙2,韩昊1,刘剑筠1,张永波1,曾武涛1 (1.广东省环境科学研究院,广东省环境保护大气环境管理与政策模拟重点实验室,广东广州 510045；2.华南理工大学环境与能源学院,广东广州 510006)
摘要：建立了一套采用动力计算法、以船舶自动识别系统(AIS)数据为基础,利用船舶逐条动态上报信息自下而上编制船舶大气污染物网格化排放清单的方法,尤其是针对AIS静态信息不足以支撑排放量计算的实际情况提出了一种利用多源数据匹配与回归模拟计算相结合的方法来构建船舶AIS静态信息关联属性库以实现对AIS静态数据的有效补充,为实现基于AIS数据的、逐艘次的船舶排放计算提供关键技术支持.通过在珠三角区域的大量调研和数据资料收集分析,统计梳理了船舶大气污染排量计算过程中包括远洋船、沿海船和内河船在内的主要参数的推荐均值或推演公式.通过典型地区的应用验证了方法的可行性.
关键词：AIS；静态信息关联；自下而上；船舶；网格化排放清单
中图分类号：X51 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6923(2017)12-4493-08
Application of fine vessel emission inventory compilation method based on AIS data. ZHU Qian-ru1*, LIAO Cheng-hao1, WANG Long2, HAN Hao1, LIU Jian-jun1, ZHANG Yong-bo1, ZENG Wu-tao1 (1.Guangdong P rovincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangdong P rovincial Environmental P rotection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Management and P olicy Simulation, Guangzhou 510045, China；2.School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China). China Environmental Science, 2017,37(12)：4493~4500 Abstract：A gridded vessel emission inventory compilation method using bottom-up driving mode was established, based on vessel engine-based approach and detailed dynamic report information obtained from Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. Especially for the fact that the static information of AIS was insufficient to support the emission calculation, the AIS static information correction attribute library construction method for missing data supplement was proposed to provide critical technical support for ship-to-ship emissions calculation based on AIS data. This method combines multi-source database matching method and regression simulation technique, which is capable for cases when static information can’t be supplemented directly. Through lots of investigation and massive data collection and analysis on ocean-going vessels, coastal vessels and river vessels respectively, recommended mean value and reckoning formula for missing parameters in vessel emission calculation process were summarized. Through the application of the vessel emission inventory method, AIS data processing experience, the way to obtain the temporal and spatial distribution of vessel emission and uncertainties in emission inventory results were summarized. The results of this paper can provide technical support for the vessel emission inventory calculation work in Guangdong Province, and also benefit for other regions of the country.
Key words：Automatic Identification System (AIS)；static information correlation；bottom-up driving mode；vessel；gridded emission inventory
近年来,随着大气污染精细化管理需求不断提高和空气质量持续改善压力逐步加大,船舶对区域大气污染排放贡献受到越来越多关注[1],尤其对于港口城市,船舶已经成为重要的污染排放来源[2-6].建立排放清单是评估船舶排放对空气质量影响的重要手段之一.
船舶排放清单的编制总体经历了“自上而下”的估算方法到“自下而上”的精细化计算过程.早期的排放清单主要采用基于吞吐量、船用燃油消耗量、船舶进出港数据等的“自上而下”的估算方法[7-11],操作相对简单, 但缺乏对船舶实际航行状态的反映以及数据区域代表性不足等使得收稿日期：2017-05-17
基金项目：广东省2014年环保专项资金资助项目;广东省科技计划项目(2015B010110005)
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