2014丰台区生物一模(附答案)

丰台区2014年高三（一）理科综合 2014.03

1．下列基本单位对应有误．．

的是 A ．核酸：核苷酸 B ．酶：氨基酸 C ．人体：细胞 D ．进化：种群 2．有关生物体内信息传递过程有误．．

的是 A ．DNA →RNA →蛋白质 B ．T 细胞→淋巴因子→B 细胞

C ．胰岛B 细胞→胰高血糖素→骨骼肌

D ．胚芽鞘尖端→生长素→尖端下部

3．切叶蚁中体型较大的蚂蚁将叶片咬下运回巢穴，交给体型较小的蚂蚁咬成小片，后者再交给体型更小的蚂蚁咬成更小的片，以此类推直至叶片被咀嚼为糊状，然后切叶蚁将叶糊平铺在巢穴中“养殖”真菌。真菌可以分解叶片中坚韧的组织，切叶蚁则以真菌为食。切叶蚁体表覆盖一层链霉菌，该菌可抑制本巢穴真菌寄生物的大量繁殖。由此能得出的推论是

A ．“植物→真菌→切叶蚁”构成一条捕食食物链

B ．体型大小不同的切叶蚁间存在互利共生的关系

C ．该生态系统的各种生物组分之间完成能量流动和物质循环

D ．蚂蚁能长期控制巢内真菌寄生物是共同(协同)进化的结果

4．通常禽流感病毒只能侵染鸟类，人流感病毒只能侵染哺乳类。现用高致病性禽流感病毒和低致病性人流感病

毒（哺乳类感染病毒后基本无症状）的核酸完成如下实验，该实验不能．．说明

A ．步骤①说明流感病毒的基因是有遗传效应的DNA 片段

B ．步骤②需要同种限制酶和DNA 连接酶处理cDNA 和质粒

C ．通过③和④产生的活病毒可能是不同病毒间核酸重组的结果

D ．步骤⑤说明猪的呼吸道上皮细胞可作为活病毒的宿主细胞

5．高中生物学实验中，以下操作对估测结果的数值准确性影响最大的一项是 A ．估测细胞周期各期时长，可统计多个视野中各时期细胞数量所占比例 B ．估测狭长样地中蒲公英数量，可用等距取样法选取样方

C ．估测培养液中酵母菌的种群数量，可用滴管从静置培养液的中层取样

D ．估测土壤浸出液中的细菌数量，可采用稀释涂布平板法

29．（16分）为研究种植密度较高的玉米田中去叶对单株和群体产量的影响，研究者选取开花后3天的植株进行处理，从顶部去除不同数量叶片， 每隔13天测定穗位叶的叶绿素含量和光合速率（代表单株产量），同时在一定面积的样方中测定群体光合速率（代表群体产量）。结果如图。（备注：穗位叶位于植株中下部，其生长状况直接影响玉米籽粒中有机物的积累量。）

禽流感病毒核酸

人流感病毒核酸

禽流感病毒cDNA 的cDNA

含禽流感病

毒的

的重组质粒 毒的的重组质粒

胚细 活病毒

猪患

流

感

②

②

④

⑤

（1）叶绿素分布于组成叶绿体基粒的__________薄膜上，光反应阶段产生的ATP和[H]将直接参与暗反应阶段中__________过程，进而形成有机物。

（2）由图1可知，去叶13天测定时，穗位叶的叶绿素含量随着__________而增大。本实验中，穗位叶的叶绿素含量始终高于空白对照组的处理为__________。

（3）由图2可知，随顶部去除叶片数量增加，__________的光合速率持续增加，原因可能是穗位叶获得的光照和CO2更充足。已知其他叶片的光合产物能补充穗位叶生长和玉米籽粒发育所需，若去除顶部叶片过多，可导致穗位叶和玉米籽粒的有机物__________降低，使其积累的有机物减少，造成减产。

（4）综合上述结果可推测，种植密度较高的玉米田中适度去除顶部叶片，可使玉米单株光合速率和群体光合速率__________。

（5）为确认穗位叶的光合产物是否向遮光叶片运输而导致减产，可进一步设计实验：对玉米植株顶部2片叶遮光处理；用透明袋包住穗位叶，不影响其正常生长。实验时向包住穗位叶的透明袋中通入__________，其他生长条件适宜，一段时间后检测__________。

30．（18分）果蝇红眼（E）对白眼（e）为显性。研究者得到果蝇杂交实验的结果如下：

P 白眼雌蝇×红眼雄蝇

↓

F1红眼雌蝇红眼雄蝇白眼雌蝇白眼雄蝇

（1）红眼和白眼为一对__________，控制该眼色的基因位于X染色体上，遵循__________定律，据此推断上述杂交产生的果蝇本应表现的性状为__________两种，若F1只出现这两种性状时，则亲子代间性状表现出的遗传特点为__________。

（2）已知果蝇X染色体数量多于Y染色体数量时表现为雌性，只含有来自于父方的X染色体时表现为雄性。根据上述杂交实验推测：

①亲代雌蝇产生的异常卵细胞中，性染色体的组成为__________（选填选项前的符号）。

a．X E X E b．X e X e c．X e d．O（表示无X染色体）

②受精卵中X染色体多于2条或不含有X染色体时，会引起胚胎致死或夭折，亲代异常卵细胞与正常精子受精后，果蝇的基因型为__________（选填选项前的符号）。

a．X e X e Y b．X e X e X e c．X E O d．YO

（3）通过记录F1中异常染色体组成的受精卵数（用“M”表示）和受精卵总数（用“N”表示），可计算得到F1中正常雄蝇的比例，算式为__________。

（4）研究者利用显微镜观察细胞中__________的行为证实了上述推测，通过进一步观察发现F1中异常雌蝇与正常雄蝇交配时，异常后代的存活率非常高，可能是初级卵母细胞在减数分裂过程中更倾向于分配到细胞两极的性染色体分别为__________。

31．（16分）研究者为了研究神经元之间兴奋的传递过程，选用枪乌贼的神经组织进行实验，处理及结果见下表。

（1）第I组处理说明枪乌贼神经元兴奋时，膜外比膜内电位__________75mV。室温下，微电极刺激突触前神经元测得动作电位0.5ms后，才能测到突触后神经元的动作电位，这被称为“兴奋的延迟”，延迟的原因之一是突触前膜以__________的方式释放__________，该物质被突触后膜上的__________识别。

（2）已知河豚毒素对于突触后膜识别信息分子的敏感性无影响，从II、III、IV组推断，突触后神经元动作电位的降低应该是__________直接引起的，由此可知河豚毒素对神经兴奋的传递起__________作用。

（3）若利用河豚毒素的生理作用开发药物，可作__________（选填选项前的符号）。

a．降糖药b．麻醉药 c．镇痛剂 d．抗肌肉痉挛剂

（4）研究者利用水母荧光蛋白标记突触前神经元，直接观察到突触前膜先出现钙离子内流，之后引发突触小泡的定向移动。药物BAPTA能迅速结合钙离子，现将该药物注入突触小体内，若突触前神经元的__________，则说明钙离子不影响突触前神经元产生神经冲动，但对于神经元之间兴奋的传递是必需的。

1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C

29．（16分，除标注外，2分/空）

（1）类囊体（或：囊状结构）（1分）C3的还原（1分）

（2）去叶程度的增强（或：去叶数量的增多）去除2片叶

（3）单株输入量（4）增长趋势一致

（5）14CO2（或：C18O2、带有放射性标记的CO2）顶部2片遮光叶片是否有放射性

30．（18分，2分/空）

（1）相对性状基因的分离红眼雌蝇、白眼雄蝇交叉遗传

（2）①b、d ②a、c

（3）Array

（4）染色体XY、X

31．（16分，2分/空）

（1）低胞吐神经递质特异性受体

（2）作用于突触后膜的神经递质数量减少抑制

（3）b、c、d

（4）动作电位无改变，神经递质释放量减少

2018年广州一模理综(生物)试题及答案

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丰台区2014-2015学年度第一学期期末练习 初 三 英 语 听力理解（共26分） 一、听对话，从下面各题所给的A 、B 、C 三幅图片中选择与对话内容相符的图片。 每段对话你将听两遍。（共4分，每小题1分） 1． A ． B ． C ． 2． A ． B ． C ． 3. A ． B ． C ． 4． A ． B ． C ． 二、听对话或独白，根据对话或独白的内容，从下面各题所给的 A 、 B 、 C 三个选 项中选择最佳选项。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。(共12分，每小题1分) 请听一段对话，完成第5至第6小题。 5. What does Mike often do in his spare time? A. He goes swimming. B. He reads books. C. He plays basketball. 6. What does Mike like to do during the trip? A. To buy presents. B. To take photos. C. To taste food.

请听一段对话，完成第7至第8小题。 7. How long has the woman learned English? A. For one year. B. For two years. C. For three years. 8. What problem does the man have in his English study? A. Grammar. B. Pronunciation. C. Listening. 请听一段对话，完成第9至第10小题。 9. When will the visitors come? A. At the end of May. B. In the middle of June. C. At the beginning of July. 10. How many days will the visitors spend on th e visit? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. 请听一段对话，完成第11至第13小题。 11. What’s the matter with Tom in fact? A. He can’t sleep at night. B. He is overweight. C. He catches a bad cold. 12. What does Tom probably do? A. A student. B. A writer. C. A player. 13. What does the doctor advise him to do? A. Get up a little earlier and have breakfast. B. Stay in bed and take the medicine on time. C. Do exercise and eat less food with high fat. 请听一段独白，完成第14至第16小题。 14. What is the speaker doing? A．Making a plan. B．Giving an introduction. C. Leading a discussion. 15. What activity can everyone do in the evening? A. Play games. B. Play tennis. C. Go swimming. 16. Who can get a special price in the family this month? A. The adults. B. The kids. C. The grandparents. 三、听对话，根据所听到的对话内容和提示词语，将所缺的关键信息填写在答题卡 的相应位置上。对话你将听两遍。（共10分，每小题2分） 四、单项填空（共13分，每小题1分） 从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选