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《电气工程及其自动化》专业英语夹带

【词汇】

电阻resistance；电流current；电压voltage；电容capacitance；电感inductance；电感特性exhibit inductance;频率frequency;

波形waveform;绝缘体insulator；导体conductor；阻值resist；能力，性能capability；耗散dissipate；容纳accommodate；电容器capacitor；电容capacitance；电感器inductor；共振，谐振resonate；发射器emitter；整流器rectifier；波长wavelength；原子atom；质子proton；电荷，负荷charge；吸引attraction；排斥repulsion；交流发电机alternator；发电机generator；势的，位

的potential终端terminal；极性polarity；正弦sine；正弦波sinewave；；周期cycle；三相threephase；偏移量offset；；电枢armature；磁场magnetic field；顶点peak；峰值peakvalue；电路ciruit；负荷，负载load；开关，电闸，转换switch；示意性的schematic；计算，考虑calculate；分

子numerator；转化的invert；支流branch；混合物compound；相等的equivalent；

方法method；刷新redraw；二极管diode；晶体管transistor；半导体semiconductor；制作fabricate;晶体crystal；结合物bond；四面体tetrahedron；本质的intrinsic；杂物，混杂物impurity；中等的moderate；极性polarity；交感interaction；损耗depletion；相反reverse；真空vacuum；泄漏leakage；数字的numerical；十进制decimal；阿拉伯数字digit；权重weight；幂power；二进制binary；位bit；乘multiply；余数remainder；综合integration；双极的bipolar；变极器inverter；便携式电脑laptop；描述depict；瞬间的momentary；逻辑门gate；图表的diagrammatic；方向，方位orientation；

芯片chip；多路器multiplexer；定理theorem；搅拌机mixer；向量vector；摩擦力friction；扭矩torque；乘积product；半径，范围radius；杠杆lever；旋转revolution；惯性inertia；补偿compensate；功work;

【短语】

工业总线industrial bus;电压差voltage difference; 电压降voltage drop;串联电路series circuit; 并联电路parallel circuit; ;

换向开关inverter switch；开关输入量discrete input; 正电荷positive charge；负电荷negative charge; 正向positive direction；负向negative direction；反向opposite direction；三相three-phase；磁场magnetic field;交流变量alternating current component;超时over time; 电场electric field; 峰值peak value；三角函数trigonometric function；均方根

root-mean-square;等值电路equal value resistors;复合电路compound circuits; 数

字转换conversion of number; 可编程控

制器programmable controller；电能electrical energy；机械能mechanical energy；惯性定律law of inertia;电枢磁场armature field;右手法则right-hand rule;采样间隔sampling interval;模拟信号analog signal;数字信号digital signal;模拟量输入analog input；接近开关proximity switch;

有功功率active power;放大区amplifier region;异步电动机asynchronous machine;开关量输出discrete output;三相交流电three-phase;有源滤波器active filter；在—之间between and；另一方面on the other hand；利用take advantage of；包围close in；由---组成be formed by；考虑take into account；支路by-pass；中性状态neutral state；挤出去force out；自由电

子free electron；电流current flow；图示graphic representation；正弦波sine wave；；；与—有关be referable to；；最小公倍数lowest common multiple；复合电

路compound circuits；并联分支parallel branch;物理类型physics types；碳族carbon family；三维的3-dimensional；外层电子outer electron；元素周期表periodic table；PN结PNjunction；N区Nregion；数字系统number system；数字值numerical value；十进制系统decimal system；二进制系统binary system；指轮开关thumb wheel switch；；超大规模集成电路very large scale integration；；真值表truth table；牵引电阻pull-up resistor；；

米每秒meters per second；角速度angular speed；外力external force；转动惯量moment of inertia；蒸汽机steam engine；绕—而走walk around；欧姆定律Ohm’s law;色条代码color chart codes；国家军用规格和标准National Military specification and standard;检查和维修inspection maintenance;保修条款;limited warranty policy;原子中性状态neutral state of an atom;电中性electrically neutral;交流正弦

波ACsine wave;三相交流电three-phase AC power;瞬时电压instantaneons voltage;有效值effective value;简单电路simple electric circuit;数字电路digital circuit elememts;人工布线manual routing;自动

布线auto routing;静力net force；线速度linear speed;角速度angular speed;加速度acceleration;

【缩写】

DC(Direct Current)直流电；

BCD(Binary-Coded Decimal)二进制编码的

十进制；CMOS(comliementary metal oxide semiconduct)互补金属氧化物半导体；

AC(Alternating Current)交流电；

RPM(revolutions per minute)转/分；

RF(Radio Frequency)射频，无线电频率；BCD(Binary Coded Decimal)二进制编码的

十进制；CEMF（CounterElectroMotiveForce）反电动势；PID（proportional integral differential）比例积分微分；PLC （programmable logic controller）可编程

逻辑控制器；ADC（analog to digital converter）·模拟/数字转换器；

【翻译】

1.Resistors are used to control voltages

and currents:电阻器被用于控制电压与电

流

2.Resistors are components that have a predetermined resistance.Resistance determines how much current will flow through a component.电阻器是预先设定

好的元件。电阻的大小将决定流过电阻器的电流的大小。3.A very high resistance allows very little

current to flow.很大的电阻允许很小的电

流流过

4.Sparks and lightning are brief displays of

current flow through air. The light is

created as the current burns parts of the

air.闪电是电流流过空气的现象。光是由

于电流击穿空气而形成的。

5.Metals have very low resistance.A low

resistance allows a large amount of current

to flow.金属的电阻很小。很小的电阻允许

很大的电流流过。

6.That is why wires are made of metal.They

allow current to flow from one point to

another point without any resistance.Wire

are usually covered with rubber or plastic.

这就是电线为什么用金属制成。它们允许

电流流过而没有任何阻抗。电线通常外面

包裹着橡胶或塑料。

7.High voltage power lines are covered

with thick layers of plastic to make them

safe,but they become very dangerous

when the line breaks and the wire is

exposed and is no longer separated from

other things by insulation.为了安全，高压

电线外面要包裹一层很厚的塑料。担当电

线折断并且裸露不再被绝缘体隔时是非

常危险的。

8.Making the resistance higher will let less

current flow so the volume goes down.但

电阻调大时，流过的电流迅速减少。

9.Variable resistance are also common

components.They have a dial or a knob

that allows you to change the resistance.可

变的电阻器也是普通的元件。它们有一个

刻度盘或一个按钮可供调节阻值。

10.For example,a 500Ωvariable resistance

can have a resistance of anywhere

between 0Ωand 500Ω. 例如，一个500

Ω的可变电阻器，它的阻值可以在0~500

Ω之间任意调节。

11.A glass rod becomes charged when

rubbed with silk,as does a hard-rubber rod

when Rubbed with fur.和硬橡胶棒与毛皮

被摩擦一样，玻璃棒与丝绸摩擦可以使玻

璃棒带有电荷。

12.People found that charges produce

forces of repulsion and attraction.these are

usually small forces.人们发现电荷存在吸

引力和排斥力，但这种力通常都很小。

13.Negative charges repel negative

charges,positive charge repel position

charges,and positive and negative charges

attract each other.In short,like charges

repel and unlike charges attract.负电荷排

斥负电荷，正电荷排斥正电荷，正负电荷

相互吸引。简而言之，同种电荷相互排斥，

异种电荷相互吸引。

14.On further study of charges scientists

found that all negative charges are integer

multiples of a certain very small charge.通

过对电荷的进一步研究，科学家发现所有

的负电荷的电荷量都可看做一个整数与

一个很小的电荷量的乘积.

15.Scientist also discovered that positive

charges are integer multiples of a very

small charge,the same charges are an

electron-but positive.the proton has this

charge.科学家还发现正电荷量也可看做

一个整数与一个很小的电荷量的乘积，电

荷量的大小与电子相同——但是正的。质

子具有这样的电荷。

16.Rubbing a glass rod with a silk cloth or a

hard-rubber rod with fur does not create

charge.in general,charge cannot be created

or destroyed,a fact called the law of

conservation of charge.玻璃棒与丝绸摩擦

或硬橡胶棒与毛皮摩擦并不创造电荷。通

常电荷既不能创造也不能消亡，这就是电

荷守恒定律。

17. Rubbing the glass rod with a silk cloth

removes electrons from the rod and puts

them in the cloth .This charge transfer

causes a charge unbalance on both the rod

and cloth.玻璃棒与丝绸摩擦使得电子有

玻璃棒运动到丝绸上，这种电荷的移动使

得棒和丝绸上的电荷失去平衡。

18 Electrons of an atom have orbits at

different distances from the nucleus.For

some atoms the electrons in the farthest

orbits have only weak forces binding them

to the atoms.原子核内的电子在离核不同

的位置上绕核运动，在某些原子中对离核

最远的电子只有很微弱的力将其束缚在

原子内。

19.An atom with an unbalance charge is

called an ion . Ions are charged particles

that would produce a current if they could

move.带有不平衡电荷的原子称为离子。

离子是一种带电荷的粒子，如果将离子移

动就可以产生电流。

20. Even at normal room temperatures the

outer electrons in metals receive enough

heat energy to become free, especially for

silver ,copper, gold , aluminum.

即使在正常的室温条件下，一些金属特别

是银、铜、金和铝的外层电子也能够获得

足够的热量而变成自由电子。

21.A power supply could be something as

a 9V battery or it could be as complex as a

precision laboratory power supply.电源既

可以是像9V电池一样简单，也可以像实

验室的精确电源一样复杂。

22.Variable resistors are common

components. They have a dial or a knob

that allows you to change the resistance.

This is very useful for many situations.可变

电阻器是常用的元件，它有一个刻度盘或

一个旋钮用于改变电阻，在很多场合是非

常有用的。

23.Diodes are components that allow

current to flow in only one direction. They

have a positive side and a negative side.二

极管是一种只允许电流以一个方向流过

的元件。它有一个正极和负极。

24.LEDs use a special material which emits

light when current flows through it. Unlike

light bulbs, LEDs never burn out unless

their current limit is passed.LED使用当有

电流流过时就发光的特殊材料制成。同灯

泡不同，只要电流在一定限度内，光不会

熄灭。

25.Well the letter L stands for inductance.

The simplest inductor consists of a piece of

wire.字母L代表电感，最简单的电感器由

一段导线组成。

26.Two metallic plates separated by a

non-conducting material between them

make a simple capacitor.不可导的物质隔

开两块金属块就可形成一个简单的电容

器。

27.The time required for a capacitor to

reach its change is proportional to the

capacitance value and the resistance value.

电容的充电时间同它的电容值和阻抗值

成比例。

28.When AC current flows through an

inductance a back emf or voltage develops

opposing any change in the initial current.

当交流电流过一个电感，会产生一个反向

的电动势或电压来阻止原来电流的变化。

29.Reactance is the property of resisting or

impeding the flow of AC current or AC

voltage in inductors and capacitors.电抗是

一种抵制或阻止电感器或电容器中的交

流电流或交流电压的属性。

30.To produce a drift of electrons, or

electric current, along a wire it is necessary

that there be a difference in “pressure”

or potential between the two ends of the

wire. This potential difference can be

produced by connecting a source of

electrical potential to the ends of the wire.

为了产生电子飘逸或电流，必须在一条导

线的两端有不同的“压力”或电动势。这

种不同的电动势可以通过在导线的两端

接上电压源来产生。

31.Generally transistors fall into the

category of bipolar transistors,either the

more common NPN bipolar transistorsor

the less common NPN transistors types.

一般的晶体管都属于双极晶体管，要么是

属于比较常用的NPN型双极晶体管要么

是使用较少的PNP型晶体管

32.Silicon crystals for example have very

free electrons. However if“impurities”

(different atomic structure–e.g. arsenic)

are introuduced in a controlled manner

then the free electrons or conductivity

increased.例如，硅晶体只有很少的自由

电子，但是如果以一种可控制的方法掺入

杂质（原子结构不同，例如砷），则自由

电子或可导性就增加了

33.If we take a piece of the P-type material

and connect it to a piece of N-type

material and apply voltage then current

will flow. Elextrons will be attracted

across the junction of the P and N

materials如果将一块N型材料同一块P

型材料相连，然后加上电压，将有电流流

过，电子将被吸引穿过PN结的材料

34.A silicon flake a quarter inch on a side

can hold a million electronic

components,ten times more than 30

ton ENIAC.the worlds first electronic

digital computer.边长是1/4英寸的硅片可

以容纳100万个电子元件，是30吨重的

电子计算机ENIAC元件数量的10 倍。

ENIAC是世界上第一台电子数字计算机

35. A microprocessor,for example,can

endow a machine with decision-making

ability,memory for instructiongs ,and

self-adjusting controls.例如微处理器，可

以赋予一台计算机决策的能力，指令的存

储及自适应控制

36.Eventually one billion transistors,or

electronic switches,many crowed into a

signle chip,A memorychip of such

complexity could store the of 200 long

novels:10亿个晶体管或电子开关最终可

能集中到一个芯片上，如此复杂的存储芯

片可以存储200部长篇小说的内容

37.A transistor can be configured as

diode and often are used in certain

projects,especially to adjust for thermal

varations.一个晶体管可以被设置为一个

二极管并且常被用于某些工程，尤其是用

于调节热量变化

38.A transistors is often a limitation and

at other times an asset that with zero

spacing between the P and N junctions

we have transformers or capacitors.半导体

常常作为一个限定器，有时它的优点是：

当PN结之间的距离为零时，我们就可以

得到一个相对容量较大的电容

39.The eary principal application of

diodes was in rectifying 50/60Hz AC

mains to raw DC which was later

smoothed by choke transformers or

capacitors.早期的二级管的主要应用是将

50/60Hz的交流电整流为粗糙的直流电，

然后通过扼流变压器或电容进行平滑处

理

40.Varactor or tuning diodes work on

the principle that all diodes exhibit some

capacitance. 变容二极管或调谐二极管的

工作原理是，所有的二级管都表现出一些

电容的特性

41.Because a single bit can only store two

values,bits are combined together into

large units in order to hold a greater range

of values:由于一位只能存储两个值，因此

要用许多位组合成大的单元来存储较大

范围的值

42.Boolean variables use a single bit to

hold their value,so can only assume one of

two possible states:布尔变量用一位来保

存它的值，所以只能表示两种可能的状态

之一。

43.Consider where a computer allocates 16

bits of storage per status variable,if we had

three status variables ,the space consumed

would be 48 bits:鉴于计算机每个状态变

量分配16位存储空间，如果我们有三个

状态变量，就需要用48位的存储空间。

44.ASCII is a computer code which uses

128 different encoding combinations of a

group of seven bits (27=128)to represent.:

译：ASCII码是一种计算机编码，它由一

组7位组成的128 (27=128)种不同二进制

编码来表示、

45.Characters are non-numeric symbols

used to convey language and meaning.in

English ,they are combined with other

characters to form words:字符是一种用来

表达语言和意义的非数字的字符，在英语

中它们同别的字符一起组成单词。

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3f12986235.html,puter system normally stores

charscters using the ASCII code ,each

character is stored using eight bits of

information ,giving a total number of 256

different characts(28=256):计算机系统中

一般用ASCII码来存储字符，每个字符用

8位信息来存储，总共得到256个不同的

字符

47.Text strings are a sequence of

characters( words or multi-character

symbols)each character is stored one after

the other,each occupying 8bits of memory

storage.：字符串是一系列字符（单词或

多个字符），一个字符接一个字符存储，

每个字符占8位的存储空间。

48.Numeric information cannot efficiently

be store using the ASCII format,imagine

storing the number 123769 using ASCII,this

would consume 6 bytes,and it would be

difficult to tell if the number was positive

or negative(though we could precede it

with the character+or-):数字信息不能采

用ASCII进行有效存储，假设利用ASCII

来存储数123789将占用6个字符，并且

很难表达这个数是正或负（尽管我们可以

在这个数面前加上+或-）

49.The computer industry agreed upon a

stangard for the storage fioating point

numbers,it is called the IEEE 754

standard,and uses 32bits of memory(for

single precision),or 64 bits(for double

precision):计算机行业认可一种存储浮点

数的标准，这中标准就是IEEE754，采用

32位存储（单精度）或64位（双精度）

50.An array is a group of elements which

are all of the same type,size and name.it

can be thought of as a box with multiple

compartments ,each compartment capable

of storing one data item:一个数组是一组

类型、大小和名称都相同的元素，可以认

为它是有许多格的盒子，每个格子可以存

储一个数据项

51.The magnetic moment can be

considered to be a vector quantity with

direction perpendicular to the current loop

in the right-hand-rule direction.电磁可以

认为是一种矢量，同电流环面垂直，方向

可以由右手定则确定

52.Magnetic fields are produced by electric

currents,which can be macroscopie

currents in wires ,or microscopic currents

associated with electrons in atomic orbits：

电磁场可以由流过导线的宏观电流产生，

或者可以由在原子轨道上的电子运动引

起微观电流产生

53.Magnetic field sources are essentially

dipolar in nature ,having a north and a

south magnetic poles：在性质方面，本质

上电磁场源是两极的，具有电磁北极和电

磁南极

54.The electric force is straightforward ,

being in the direction of the electric field if

the charge Q is positive , but the direction

of the magnetic part of the force is given

by the right-hand-rule：电力的方向是直线

的，是正电荷Q电场的方向，但是力的

电磁方向由右手定则给出

55.for circular motion at a constant speed

v,the centripetal acceleration of the

motion can be derived：对于恒定速度V

进行的圆周运动，运动的向心加速度是可

以求得的

56.For an object rotating about an

axis ,every point on the object has the

same angular velocity,the tangential

velocityof any point is proportional to its

distance from the axis of rotation：对于一

个围绕一个轴旋转的物体，物体上的任何

一点都具有相同的角速度，物体上的每一

点的切速度与这点到旋转轴的距离成正

比

57.these rotation equations apply only in

case of constant angular acceleration ,it is

assumed that the angle is zero at t=0and

that the motion is being examined at time

t：旋转公式只适用于恒定的角加速度，

它假设t=0时角度为0，并且在时刻t可

以测得速度

8.moment of inertia is the name given to

rotational intia,it appears in the

relationships for the dynamics of rotational

motion：运动惯性是旋转惯性的名称，它

反映旋转运动动力的关系

59.the force arm is defined as the

perpendicular distance from the axis of

rotation to the line of action of the force：

力臂的定义是从旋转轴到力作用线的垂

直距离

60.it is calculated as the product of the

foce and the distance through which the

body moves and is expressed in

joules(J),ergs(erg),and ft-lb：它是通过力和

物体移动的距离的乘积来计算的，并且用

焦耳、尔格和尺磅来表示

61.Ammeters typically include a galvanom

eter;digital ammeters typically include A/D

converters as well.电流表通常包括一个电

流计，而数字电流表通常还包括A/D转

换器。

62.Generally,an amplifier is a device for inc

reasing the power of a signal.一般来说，放

大器是一个提高信号功率的器件。

63.In electromagnetism and electronics,ca

pacitance is the ability of a body to hold an

electrical charge.在电磁学和电子学中，

电容是能够保存电量的一个部件。

64.All conductors contain electric charges

which will move whan an electric potential

difference (measured in volts) is applied a

cross separate points on the material.所有

导体都含有电荷，当该材料不同端点间存

在电位差时（用伏特计测量）电荷就会移

动。

65.A dielectric is an electrical insulator that

can be polarized by an applied electric fiel

d.电介质是绝缘体，可以通过外加电场极

化。

66.Typically an inductor is a conducting wir

e shaped as a coil.典型的电感是由导线绕

成的线圈。

67.An ammeter is a measuring instrument

used to measure the electric current in a ci

rcuit.电流表是一种用来测量电路中电流

的测量仪。

68.An alternator is an electromechanical d

evice that converts mechanical energy to el ectrical energy in the form of alternating c urrent 交流发电机是机电设备，它把机械能转化成交流电形式的电能。

69.A capacitor is a passive electronic comp onent consisting of a pair of conductors se parated by a dielectric(insulator). 电容器

是一种被动电子元件，它由一对以电介质(绝缘体)分隔的导体组成。

70.In metallic conductors,such ascopper or aluminum,the movable charged particles a re electrons.在像铜或铝这样的金属导体中，可移动的带电粒子就是电子。

【段落翻译】

1. Resistance is given in units of ohms (Ω).(Ohms are named after Mho Ohms who played with electricity as a young boy

in Germany.)Common resistor values are from 100Ωto100000Ω.Each resistor is marked with colored stripes to indicate its resistance. To learn how to calculate the value of a resistor by looking at the stripes on the resistor.电阻的大小是通过欧姆数

来说明的。（欧姆数是以欧海曼·欧姆的名字命名，当他在俄国还是个孩子的时候就从事电方面的工作。）常用的电阻器阻值是100~200Ω。电阻器是通过印在上面的色条来表明它的阻值大小的。通过查看电阻器上的色条就可以知道电阻器阻值

的大小。

2. The charge of an electron or of a proton

is much too small to be basic quantity of charge for almost all practical applications.The SI unit of charge is the coulomb,with the symbol C.A coulomb of negative charge equals that of 6.242*1018 electrons. The coulomb is a derived SI unit, which means that it can be derived from SI base units.对于所有的具体应用，用电子

或质子的电荷量作为电荷的基本单位太

小了。国际单位制中电荷的单位名称是库伦，符号是C。一库伦负电荷与

6.242*1018电子的电荷量相等。库伦来自国际单位制，这意味着它可以由国际单位制中的基本单位导出。

3. Switches are devices that create a short circuit or an open circuit depending on the position of the switch. For a light switch,

ON means short circuit(current flows through the switch, lights light up). When the switch is OFF, that means there is an open circuit(no current flows, lights go out). When the switch is ON it looks and acts

like a wire. When the switch is OFF there is no connection.开关是一种根据开关的位

置来接通或断开电路的设备。对于电灯开关，ON意味着接通（电流流过开关，灯点亮）。当开关在OFF状态时，意味着开路（没有电流流过，灯熄灭）。当开关是ON 时，它看起来和起的作用就像一条导线。当开关是OFF时，就相当于导线没

有连接。

4.The transistor was developed at Bell Laboratories in 1948. Large scale commercial use didn’t come until much later owing to slow development . Transistors used in most early entertainment equipments were the germanium types. When the silicon transistor was developed it took off dramatically. The first advantages of the transistor were relatively low power consumption at low voltage levels which made large scale production of portable entertainment devices feasible. Interestingly the growth of the battery industry has paralleled the growth of the transistor industry.晶体管于1948年由贝

尔实验室开发。由于发展的缓慢直到很久以后才进行大规模的商业用途。早期大部分的娱乐设备使用的晶体管是锗型的，当硅型晶体管发展以后，很快就不用锗型晶体管了。晶体管的一个最重要的优点是工作电压相对低、能耗相对也低，因此能够利用它制造大量便携的娱乐设备。有趣的是电池工业正好同晶体管工业同步发展。

5. If the motor runs at 600r/m when the PWM drive to the motor is at a 50% duty ratio, increasing this to 60% will make the motor try to run faster. Reducing the duty ratio to 40% will slow the motor down. In a very simple “open loop”speed controller, the potentiometer on analog channel 0 is read to yield a value between

0~1023(10bit). This value is then fed into the PWM unit to allow the motor speed to be varied. In the real world, this type of controller is not very useful. While it allows the motor speed to be set, it does not

allow for change in load and a basic flaw is that the absolute speed is not knows unless an external tachometer is used.如

果当PWM调节器对电动机的负荷比设定为50%时，电动机的运转速度是600r/min。将负荷比增加到60%，电动机运行速度将加快。将负荷比降到40%，电动机的运行速度将下降。在非常简单的“开环”速度控制器中，通道0上的电位计产生的读数是0~1023（10位）。然后这个值将反馈到PWM系统来改变电动机的速度。在现实中，这种类型的控制器不要好用。虽然它能够设定电动机的速度，但它在电动机有负载时也不允许改变，并且它的一个首要缺点是除非使用外接转速表，否则无法知道电动机的绝对速度。

6. There are two problems with integers;they cannot express fractions,and the rang of the number is limited to the number of bits used,And efficient way of storing fractions is called the floating point method,which involves splitting the fraction into two parts,an exponent and a mantissa,the exponent represents a value raised to the power of .the mantissa represents a fractional value between 0

and 1.对于整数存在两个问题：他们不能表示分数，并且表示的范围受到使用的位数的限制，一种存储分数的有效方法是浮点数，它将分数分为2部分，指数和尾数，指数表达的值为2的幂次，尾数表示的是一个0-1之间的小数值、

试卷预测：一．

alternator 交流发电机automation自动控

制，自动操作;bandwidth带宽，频带宽度

built-in内置的，固定的,嵌入的

capacitance容量，电容charge负荷，电

荷，费用，充电coil线圈converter转换

器，变换器diode二极管impedance阻抗，

全电阻insulator绝缘体semiconductor半

导体senso传感器suppression抑制switch

开关，电闸threshold临界值vacuum真

空，空间

二．adj.微分的Differential ; n.打扰,干扰

Disturbance; n.以太网Ethernet ;n.频率,

周率Frequency;adj.不相容的, 矛盾的

Contradiction；n.隔绝, 绝缘Isolation;adj.

瞬间的, 刹那间的Momentary;n.极性

Polarity;n.转发器,中继器Repeater;n.排

Repusion;n.阻力，电阻，阻Resistance;vt.

模拟,模仿Simulate;n.晶体管Transiston.;n

近似值,接近,走近Approximation;n.能力，

性能，容量Capability;v.补偿,偿还

Compensate;n.损Depletionr;n.传感器，发

送器，传递器Transmitter;n.阀Valve;n.波

Wavelength;vector向量，矢量;waveform

波形;ammeter电表;

三．PLC Programmable logic controller

可编程逻辑控制器

PPI Point-to-point interface点一点接口

CNC Computerized numerical control计

算机数值控制

EIA Electronic industries association

电子工业联合会

RF Radio frequency射频，无线电频率

FCC Federal communications commission

（美国）通信委员会

CMOS Complementary

metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor互补

金属氧化物半导体

MOSFET Metallic oxide semiconductor

field effect transistor金属氧化物半导体场

效应晶体管

VLSI Very large scale integration超大规模

集成电路

CEMF Counter electro motive force反电

动势

四.

between…and在……之间;on the other

hand另一方面;take advantage of利

用;negative charge负电荷;electric field电

场;free electron自由电子;current flow电

流;sine wave正弦波;

Root-Mean-Square均方根（值）;series

circuit串联电路;voltage drop电压降;truth

table真值表;

carbon brus碳刷;permanent magnet永久

磁铁;armature field 电枢场;magnetic lines

磁力线;proportional system比例系

统;sampling period采样周期;analog signal

模拟信号;baud rate 波特;discrete input开

关量输入;limit switch限位开关;proximity

switch接近开关;industrial bus工业总

线;voltage difference电压差;parallel

circuit并联电路;compound circuits复合电

路;parallel branch 并联分支;decimal

system十进制系统;programmable

controller 可编程控制器;

五．.Resistance in a material arises from

the collision of electrons with the atoms

and with each other

答案2.wires 3. resistance 4. produces 1.

collisions 5.hot

六．.1. What is electric potential? What is

another term people will use for it?

Electric potential is what dives current. The

term people will use is voltage.

2.What is the potential between the two

slots in a household electrical outlet？

The potential between the two slots in a

household electrical outlet is a bout 120V.

3. What is the relationship between the

potential and the current when all other

things are equal?

The greater the potential the greater the

current.

4. What can be a good analogy (although

far from perfect!) for both current and

potential?

Water.

5. What is analogous to current?

The flowrate of the water is analogous to

current.

6. What is analagous to electric potential?

The height of the waterlevel is analogous

to electric potential.

7. What is more analogous to the water

pump?

A battery is more analogous to the water

pump.

8. What is a battery?

A battery is an electron pump.

9. What can a battery do? And how?

It can push electrons directly proportional

to its voltage rating .And, it does this

thiough a chemical reaction.

10. What do most batteries maintain until

near the end of their life?

Most batteries maintain a fixed potential

until near the end of their life.

七．.1. ____Metals ____ are good

conductors of electric charge, while

plastics, wood, and _rubbers _are not.

2. Materials are divided into three

categories. They are ________, _______

and _________.

3. Plastics, wood, and rubbers are used as

examples of ________.

4. ____ What Catholic saint____ is a good

example of semi-conductors.

5. Semi-conductors are a very useful _____

intermediate _________ class, not as __

conductive ________ as metals but

considerably ____ more _______

conductive than insulators.

八．1)Ohm's Law deals with the

relationship between voltage and current

in an ideal conductor.

欧姆定律涉及理想导体中的电压与电流

关系。

2) Semiconductors are any of various solid

crystalline substances, such as germanium

or silicon, having electrical conductivity

greater than insulators but less than good

conductors.

半导体是一种固态结晶物质，如锗或硅，

其导电性强于绝缘体但弱于良导体。

3) A sensor is a device, such as a

photoelectric cell, that receives and

responds to a signal or stimulus.

传感器是接收并响应信号或刺激的器件，

例如光电池。

4) Resistors can be connected in series;

that is, the current flows through them

one after another.

电阻可以串接，即电流一一流过它们。

5) In the early part of the 19th century,

George Simon Ohm proved by experiment

that a precise relationship exists between

current, voltage, and resistance.

在十九世纪早期，乔治.西蒙.欧姆通过实

验证明电流、电压和电阻之间存在着确切

的关系。

九．

1) 墙上有一个开电灯的开关。

There is a switch on the wall for turning

on the lights.

2) 定子是固定的电子部件。

The stator is in the stationary electrical

component.

3) 串联电路的所有负荷都在一排。

A series circuit is one with all the loads in a

row.

4) 电荷的单位是库仑。

The unit of electric charge is the coulomb.

5) 你那辆汽车的蓄电池容易充电吗?

Your car battery is easy to recharge

your batteries?

《机械工程专业英语》测试题(1517)含答案

2010-2011学年度第一学期《机械工程专业英语》测验题(15-17) 一、将下列词组译成汉语 1.kinematic chain（运动链） 2.skeleton diagram（草图，示意图，简图） 3.Gear system/Cam system（齿轮传动系统/凸轮系统） 4.uniform motion/nonuniform motion（匀速运动/非匀速运动） 5.nonlinear motion（非线性运动） 6.kinematic analysis（运动分析） 7.schematic diagram（运动简图） 8.textile machinery（纺织机械） 9.Kinematic design/ kinematic syntheses（运动设计/运动合成） 10.m achine design（机械设计） 11.G ear trains/ Cam mechanisms（轮系，齿轮传动链/凸轮机构） 12.d ynamic force/inertia force/ static force（动力/惯性力/静力） 13.r elative velocity/ absolute velocity（相对速度/绝对速度） 14.a ngular acceleration/ tangential acceleration/ centripetal acceleration/ velocity vector（角加速度/切向加速度/向心加速度/速度矢量） 15.b inary link/ ternary link（二杆组/三杆组）二、将下列短语译成汉语 1.Plane and spatial linkages（平面和空间连杆） 2.constrained kinematic chain/unconstrained kinematic chain（约束运动链/非约束运动链） 3.closed-loop linkage（闭环运动链） 4.four-bar linkage（四连杆机构） 5.slider-crank (or crank and slider) mechanism（曲柄滑块机构） 6.internal combustion engine（内燃机） 7.the kinematic analysis of mechanisms（机构运动分析） 8.degree of freedom of the mechanism（机构自由度） 9.kinematic analysis process /kinematic synthesis process（运动分析步骤/运动合成步骤） 10.i nput angular velocity（输入角速度） 11.i nput angular acceleration（输入角加速度） 12.a utomatic packaging machinery（自动包装机） 13.c am-contour dimensions/cam-follower diameters（凸轮轮廓尺寸/凸轮从动件直径） 14.m echanical analog computer（机构模拟计算机） 15.d ead-center position（死点位置） 16.c rank-rocker linkage/double-rocker linkage/double-crank (drag-link) linkage（曲柄摇杆机构/双摇杆机构/双曲柄机构） 17.m aximum force component/ resulting output force or torque（最大的力量组成/输出的最大力或力矩） 18.o utput motion variables/input motion variable（输出运动变量/输入运动变量） 19.a bsolute angular positions（绝对角位置）

土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)

第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分： 1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法 2 专业英语Specialty English 3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering 4 土木工程Civil Engineering 5 地下工程Underground Engineering 6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering 7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering 8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics 11 交通工程Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程Port Engineering 13 安全性safety 17木结构timber structure 18 砌体结构masonry structure 19 混凝土结构concrete structure 20 钢结构steelstructure 21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure 22 素混凝土plain concrete 23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 钢筋rebar 25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete 26 静定结构statically determinate structure 27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构truss structure 29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure 30 近海工程offshore engineering 31 静力学statics 32运动学kinematics 33 动力学dynamics 34 简支梁simply supported beam 35 固定支座fixed bearing 36弹性力学elasticity 37 塑性力学plasticity 38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics 40 土力学soil mechanics 41 水力学hydraulics 42 流体力学fluid mechanics 43 固体力学solid mechanics 44 集中力concentrated force 45 压力pressure 46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure 47 均布压力uniform pressure 48 体力body force 49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load 51 弯矩bending moment 52 torque 扭矩 53 应力stress 54 应变stain 55 正应力normal stress 56 剪应力shearing stress 57 主应力principal stress 58 变形deformation 59 内力internal force 60 偏移量挠度deflection 61 settlement 沉降 62 屈曲失稳buckle 63 轴力axial force 64 允许应力allowable stress 65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis 66 梁beam 67 壳shell 68 板plate 69 桥bridge 70 桩pile 71 主动土压力active earth pressure 72 被动土压力passive earth pressure 73 承载力load-bearing capacity 74 水位water Height 75 位移displacement 76 结构力学structural mechanics 77 材料力学material mechanics 78 经纬仪altometer 79 水准仪level 80 学科discipline 81 子学科sub-discipline 82 期刊journal ,periodical 83文献literature 84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号 85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号 86 卷volume 87 期number 88 专著monograph 89 会议论文集Proceeding 90 学位论文thesis, dissertation 91 专利patent 92 档案档案室archive 93 国际学术会议conference 94 导师advisor 95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis 96 博士研究生doctorate student 97 研究生postgraduate 98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引 99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引

《土木工程专业英语》段兵延第二版全书文章翻译精编版

第一课土木工程学土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科，是指规划，设计，施工及对建筑环境的管理。此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构，从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。土木工程师建造道路，桥梁，管道，大坝，海港，发电厂，给排水系统，医院，学校，公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。他们也建造私有设施，比如飞机场，铁路，管线，摩天大楼，以及其他设计用作工业，商业和住宅途径的大型结构。此外，土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇，并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年，英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。自从那时起，土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师，尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。领域。因为包含范围太广，土木工程学又被细分为大量的技术专业。不同类型的工程需要多种不同土木工程专业技术。一个项目开始的时候，土木工程师要对场地进行测绘，定位有用的布置，如地下水水位，下水道，和电力线。岩土工程专家则进行土力学试验以确定土壤能否承受工程荷载。环境工程专家研究工程对当地的影响，包括对空气和地下水的可能污染，对当地动植物生活的影响，以及如何让工程设计满足政府针对环境保护的需要。交通工程专家确定必需的不同种类设施以减轻由整个工程造成的对当地公路和其他交通网络的负担。同时，结构工程专家利用初步数据对工程作详细规划，设计和说明。从项目开始到结束，对这些土木工程专家的工作进行监督和调配的则是施工管理专家。根据其他专家所提供的信息，施工管理专家计算材料和人工的数量和花费，所有工作的进度表，订购工作所需要的材料和设备，雇佣承包商和分包商，还要做些额外的监督工作以确保工程能按时按质完成。贯穿任何给定项目，土木工程师都需要大量使用计算机。计算机用于设计工程中使用的多数元件（即计算机辅助设计，或者CAD）并对其进行管理。计算机成为了现代土木工程师的必备品，因为它使得工程师能有效地掌控所需的大量数据从而确定建造一项工程的最佳方法。结构工程学。在这一专业领域，土木工程师规划设计各种类型的结构，包括桥梁，大坝，发电厂，设备支撑，海面上的特殊结构，美国太空计划，发射塔，庞大的天文和无线电望远镜，以及许多其他种类的项目。结构工程师应用计算机确定一个结构必须承受的力：自重，风荷载和飓风荷载，建筑材料温度变化引起的胀缩，以及地震荷载。他们也需确定不同种材料如钢筋，混凝土，塑料，石头，沥青，砖，铝或其他建筑材料等的复合作用。水利工程学。土木工程师在这一领域主要处理水的物理控制方面的种种问题。他们的项目用于帮助预防洪水灾害，提供城市用水和灌溉用水，管理控制河流和水流物，维护河滩及其他滨水设施。此外，他们设计和维护海港，运河与水闸，建造大型水利大坝与小型坝，以及各种类型的围堰，帮助设计海上结构并且确定结构的位置对航行影响。岩土工程学。专业于这个领域的土木工程师对支撑结构并影响结构行为的土壤和岩石的特性进行分析。他们计算建筑和其他结构由于自重压力可能引起的沉降，并采取措施使之减少到最小。他们也需计算并确定如何加强斜坡和填充物的稳定性以及如何保护结构免受地震和地下水的影响。环境工程学。在这一工程学分支中，土木工程师设计，建造并监视系统以提供安全的饮用水，同时预防和控制地表和地下水资源供给的污染。他们也设计，建造并监视工程以控制甚至消除对土地和空气的污染。他们建造供水和废水处理厂，设计空气净化器和其他设备以最小化甚至消除由工业加工、焚化及其他产烟生产活动引起的空气污染。他们也采用建造特殊倾倒地点或使用有毒有害物中和剂的措施来控制有毒有害废弃物。此外，工程师还对垃圾掩埋进行设计和管理以预防其对周围环境造成污染。

机械参考资料专业英语试题含答案

2010-2011第二学期专业英语试卷A答案 1.Translate the following Chinese terms into English ( one point for each,20 points for all) 1) 汽车与工程机械automobile and construction machinery 2) 筑路机械road-making machine 3) 发电机generator 4) 起动马达self starter 5) 方向盘steering wheel 6) 进气门inlet valve 7) 齿轮泵gear pump 8) 机油滤清器oil filter 9) 差速器differential 10) 摩擦式离合器friction clutch 11) 蓄电瓶storage battery 12) 铲土运输机scraper 13) 塔式起重机tower crane 14) 叉车fork lift 15) 商业车辆commercial vehicle 16) 变速箱transmission box (gear box) 17) 带式输送机belt conveyer 18) 步履式挖掘机walking excavator 19) 颚式砸机jaw crusher 20) 履带和轮胎track and tire 2.Translate the following English terms into Chinese (one point for each, total 20 points) 1) gasoline and diesel 汽油和柴油 2) flywheel and cam 飞轮和凸轮 3) disk brake 盘式制动器 4) mechanical vibration 机械振动 5) power steering 动力转向 6) vibratory roller 振动式压路机 7) hydraulic torque converter 液力变矩器 8) piston ring 活塞环 9) suspension system 悬挂系统 10) cab and chassis 驾驶室与底盘 11) radiator 散热器 12) fuel-injection system 燃油喷射系统 13) air compressor 空气压缩机 14) lubrication and lubricant 润滑与润滑剂

土木工程专业英语原文及翻译

土木工程专业英语原文及翻译文档编制序号：[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]

08 级土木(1) 班课程考试试卷考试科目专业英语考试时间学生姓名所在院系土木学院任课教师徐州工程学院印制 Stability of Slopes Introduction Translational slips tend to occur where the adjacent stratum is at a relatively shallow depth below the surface of the slope:the failure surface tends to be plane and roughly parallel to the slips usually occur where the adjacent stratum is at greater depth，the failure surface consisting of curved and plane sections． In practice, limiting equilibrium methods are used in the analysis of slope stability. It is considered that failure is on the point of occurring along an assumed or a known failure surface．The shear strength required to maintain a condition of limiting equilibrium is compared with the available shear strength of the soil，giving the average factor of safety along the failure surface．The problem is considered in two dimensions，conditions of plane strain being assumed．It has been shown that a two-dimensional analysis gives a conservative result for a failure on a three-dimensional(dish-shaped) surface． Analysis for the Case of φu =0 This analysis, in terms of total stress，covers the case of a fully saturated clay under undrained conditions, . For the condition immediately after construction．Only moment equilibrium is considered in the analysis．In section, the potential failure surface is assumed to be a circular arc. A trial failure surface(centre O，radius r and length L a where F is the factor of safety with respect to shear strength．Equating moments about O：

土木工程专业英语正文课文翻译

研究生机械工程专业英语考试必背单词

研究生机械工程专业英语考试必背单词 Modified by JACK on the afternoon of December 26, 2020

单词 Lesson 1 Gear 齿轮, 传动装置 Bearing 轴承 Cams 凸轮 Cams and followers 凸轮和从动件 Couple 力偶 mechanics 力学 statics 静力学，静止状态 dynamics动力学，原动力，动力特性constraint forces 约束力 applied forces 作用力 Electric , magnetic, and gravitational forces 电,磁,重力 mating surface 啮合表面,配合表面,接触面meshing 啮合，咬合，钩住 meshing teeth 啮合齿 journal bearing 滑动轴承，向心滑动轴承metal-to-metal contact 金属 - 金属接触Overheating 过热 failure 失效 flaking 薄片，表面剥落，压碎 Spall 削，割，剥落，脱皮 noise 噪音 rough motion运动不精确 inertia惯性 particle 质点 rigid body刚体 deformable可变形的，应变的 deformable Body 变形体 Scalar 数量的，标量的 Vectors矢量 Density密度 Mass质量 Displacement位移 Velocity速度 Acceleration加速度 Moment力矩，弯矩 Momentum动量，冲量 Lesson 2 Compressive压缩的，有压力的 Turning 车削 Rectilinear直线的 micrometer 千分尺又称螺旋测微器 Power hacksaws 弓锯床 Shaper牛头刨床 Thread 螺纹 Work：功 muscular action肌肉动作 mechanical motion机械运动 stretch an object拉伸对象 tensile force：拉力 in tension：受拉 compressive force：压力 torsional force：扭力 torque：扭矩 shearing force ：剪切力 twist an object扭曲对象 Slide滑，脱落 Slip滑动，滑移 in compression受压 turning of a part对一个零件进行车削加工wedging action:楔入作用 chip ：切屑 centers of the lathe车床的顶尖 lathe dog车床夹头 centrifugal force ：离心力 grinding wheel ：磨削砂轮 bonding agent ：粘合剂 abrasive particle：磨料颗粒 centrifuge-type machines离心式机械Centrifuge离心机，离心作用 Centrifugal force principles离心力原理centripetal force ：向心力 rotary motion:回转运动 rectilinear motion：直线运动 hand tool手工工具 power tool动力工具 feed：进给 shaping：采用牛头刨床（shaper)进行刨削加工power saw：弓锯床，弓式锯床 the screw of a micrometer 意为“千分尺中的螺杆”harmonic and intermittent motion ：谐和运动和间歇运动 simple harmonic motion ：简谐运动

土木工程专业英语课文原文及对照翻译

土木工程专业英语课文原文及对照翻译 Newly compiled on November 23, 2020

Civil Engineering Civil engineering, the oldest of the engineering specialties, is the planning, design, construction, and management of the built environment. This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles, from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities. 土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科，是指规划，设计，施工及对建筑环境的管理。此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构，从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。 Civil engineers build roads, bridges, tunnels, dams, harbors, power plants, water and sewage systems, hospitals, schools, mass transit, and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations. They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads, pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial, commercial, or residential use. In addition, civil engineers plan, design, and build complete cities and towns, and more recently have been planning and designing space platforms to house self-contained communities. 土木工程师建造道路，桥梁，管道，大坝，海港，发电厂，给排水系统，医院，学校，公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。他们也建造私有设施，比如飞机场，铁路，管线，摩天大楼，以及其他设计用作工业，商业和住宅途径的大型结构。此外，土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇，并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。 The word civil derives from the Latin for citizen. In 1782, Englishman John Smeaton used the term to differentiate his nonmilitary engineering work from that of the military engineers who predominated at the time. Since then, the term civil engineering has often been used to refer to engineers who build public facilities, although the field is much broader 土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年，英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。自从那时起，土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师，尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。 Scope. Because it is so broad, civil engineering is subdivided into a number of technical specialties. Depending on the type of project, the skills of many kinds of civil engineer specialists may be needed. When a project begins, the site is surveyed and mapped by civil engineers who locate utility placement—water, sewer, and power lines. Geotechnical specialists perform soil experiments to determine if the earth can bear the weight of the project. Environmental specialists study the project’s impact on the local area: the potential for air and

土木工程专业英语

non-destructive test 非破损检验 non-load—bearingwall 非承重墙 non—uniform cross—section beam 变截面粱 non—uniformly distributed strain coefficient of longitudinal tensile reinforcement 纵向受拉钢筋应变不均匀系数 normal concrete 普通混凝土 normal section 正截面 notch and tooth joint 齿连接 number of sampling 抽样数量 O obligue section 斜截面 oblique—angle fillet weld 斜角角焊缝 one—way reinforced(or prestressed)concrete slab “单向板” open web roof truss 空腹屋架， ordinary concrete 普通混凝土(28) ordinary steel bar 普通钢筋(29) orthogonal fillet weld 直角角焊缝(61) outstanding width of flange 翼缘板外伸宽度(57) outstanding width of stiffener 加劲肋外伸宽度(57) over-all stability reduction coefficient of steel beam·钢梁整体稳定系数(58) overlap 焊瘤(62) overturning or slip resistance analysis 抗倾覆、滑移验算(10) P padding plate 垫板(52) partial penetrated butt weld 不焊透对接焊缝(61) partition 非承重墙(7) penetrated butt weld 透焊对接焊缝(60) percentage of reinforcement 配筋率(34) perforated brick 多孔砖(43) pilastered wall 带壁柱墙(42) pit·凹坑(62) pith 髓心(?o) plain concrete structure 素混凝土结构(24) plane hypothesis 平截面假定(32) plane structure 平面结构(11) plane trussed lattice grids 平面桁架系网架(5) plank 板材(65) plastic adaption coefficient of cross—section 截面塑性发展系数(58) plastic design of steel structure 钢结构塑性设计(56) plastic hinge·塑性铰(13) plastlcity coefficient of reinforced concrete member in tensile zone 受拉区混凝土塑性影响系数

机械专业英语试题及答案精编WORD版

机械专业英语试题及答案精编W O R D版 IBM system office room 【A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8】

学院院长（系主任）（签字）

C. degradation…corrosion D. corrosion… degradation 12. Most frames _______ cast iron, weld steel, composition, or concrete. A. are made from B. are made up of C. was produced by D. was consist of 13. Rotating shafts particularly those that run at high speeds, must be designed to avoid operation at speeds. A . low B .overload C. critical D. hollow 14. Although cast iron is a fairly cheap material, each casting requires a . A. pattern B. model C. mold D. patent 15. The term is used to describe joints with surface contact, as with a pin surrounded by a hole. A. high pair B. low pair C. surface pair D. rotary pair 二、完型填空（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分） The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that rotates and transmits power. One or more members such as gears, sprockets, pulleys, and cams are usually (16) to the shaft by means of pins, keys, splines, snap rings, and other devices. These latter members are among the “associated parts” considered in this text, as are couplings and universal joint, which serve to (17) the shaft to the source of power or load.

土木工程专业英语修正版

Take the road of sustainable development civil engineering Abstract: Civil Engineering is the oldest in human history "technical science" as a system of industrial activity, the essence of civil engineering production process, is a technical process Civil engineering is the construction of various facilities in science and technology, collectively, both refer to the construction of the object, that is built on the ground, underground, water facilities, a variety of projects, but also refers to the application of materials, equipment and carried out survey and design , construction, maintenance, repair and other technology. As an important basis for discipline, civil engineering has its important attributes: a comprehensive, social, practical, technical and economic and artistic unity. With the progress of human society and development, civil engineering has already evolved into large-scale comprehensive subject, and has many branches, such as: construction, railroad engineering, road engineering, bridge engineering, specialty engineering structures, water supply and drainage projects, port engineering, hydraulic engineering, environmental engineering and other disciplines. There are six professional civil engineering: architecture, urban planning, civil engineering, built environment and equipment engineering, water supply and drainage works and road and bridge projects. Civil engineering is a form of human activity. Human beings pursued it to change the natural environment for their own benefit. Buildings, transportations, facilities, infrastructures are all included in civil engineering. The development of civil engineering has a long history. Our seniors had left a lot of great constructions to us. For example, Zhao Zhou Bridge is the representative of our Chinese civil engineering masterpieces. It has a history of more than 1300 years and is still service at present. Civil engineering has been so rapid development of the period. A lot of new bridges have been constructed, and many greater plans are under discussion. China is a large county. And she is still well developing. However, civil engineers will be facing more complex problems. We should pay attention to the growing population and a lot of deteriorating infrastructures. We should prepare for the possibility of natural disasters. To meet grow needs in the