高级英语第二册 张汉熙版 7-14课课后答案paraphrase 有对照

第七课aA 1…boy and man, I had been through it often before.

As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had of- ten travelled through the region.

2. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appaling desolation.

But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region was.

3….it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.

This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly,saddening joke.

4.The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grim of the endless mills.

The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.

5.They have taken as their model a brick set on end.

The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright. / All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright.

6.This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof.

These brick-like houses were made of shabby,thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.

7.When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.

When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color of a rotten egg.

8.Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity.

Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time. / Even in a steel town, old red bricks sti ll appear pleasing to the eye.

9.I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.

I have given W estmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying.

10.They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retroapect, become almost diabolical.

They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked./ When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre, one feels they must be the work of the devil himself. 11.It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror.

It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like.

12.on certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libido for the ugly…

People in certain strata of American society seem definite- ly to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Chris- tian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful.

13.they meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands.

These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot un- derstand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of this typ e of mind.

14….they made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossible penthouse, painted a staring yellow, on top of it.

They put a penthouse on top of it, painted in a bright, conspicuous yellow color and thought it looked perfect but they only managed to make it absolutely intolerable.

15.out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth.

From the intermingling of different nationalities and races in the United States emerges the American race which hates beauty as strongly as it hates truth．

第八课

1….by the very fact of production, he has risen above the animal kingdom…

Because of the fact itself that man produces, he has developed far beyond all other animals.

2.Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independent being.

Work also frees man from nature and makes him into a social being independent of nature.

3…all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man’s reason and skill.

All the above-mentioned work shows how man has trans formed nature through his reason and skill.

4.There is no split of work and play, or work and culture.

Therefore pleasure and work went together so did the cultural development of the worker go hand in hand with the work he was doing.

5.Work became the chief factor in a system of “innerwordly asceticiam,”an answer to man’s sense of aloneness and isolation.

Work became the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying way of life. Work was the only thing that brought relief to those who felt alone and isolat ed leading this kind of ascetic life.

6.Work has become alienated from the working person.

In capitalist society the worker feels estranged from or hostile to the work he is doing.

7. Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaningful human activity.

Work helps the worker to earn some money; and earning money only is an activity without much significance or pur pose. 8…a pay check is not enough to base one’s self-respect on.

Just earning some money is not enough to make a worker have a proper respect of himself.

9…most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the worker’s psyche,

Most industrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the mind of the worker.

10.It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management.

Better relations with the public will yield larger profits to management. The management will earn larger profits if

it has better relations with the public.

11.But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal to complete passivity and receptivity.

The fact that many gadgets are indeed useful is often used by advertisers as a more "high-minded" cover for what is really a vulgar, base appeal to idleness and willingness to accept things.

12….he has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it.

The businessman knows the quality or usefulness of his product is not what it should be. He despises the goods he produces, conscious of the deception involved.

第九课

1.with a clamor of bells that set the swallows soaring, the Festival of Summer came to the city Omelas.

The 1oud ringing of the bells, which sent the frightened swallows flying high, marked the beginning of the Festival of Summer in Omelas.

2…their high calls rising like the swallows’ crossing flights over the music and the singing.

The shouting of the children could be heard clearly above the music and singing like the calls of the swallows flying by overhead.

3…exercised their restive hoeses befor the race.

The riders were putting the horses through some exercises because the horses were eager to start and stubbornly resisting the control of the riders.

4.Given a description such as this one tends to make certain assumptions.

After reading the above description the reader is likely to assume certain things.

5.These were not simple folk, not dulcet shepherds, noble savages, bland utopian.

The citizens of Omelas were not simple people, not kind and gentle shepherds, not savages of high birth, nor mild idealists dreaming of a perfect society.

6.This is the treason of the artist:a refusal to admit the banality of evil and the terrible boredom of pain.

An artist betrays his trust when he does not admit that evil is nothing fresh nor novel and pain is very dull and uninteresting.

7.They were mature, intelligent, passionate adults whose lives were not wretched.

They were fully developed and intelligent grown-up people full of intense feelings and they were not miserable people.

8.Perhaps it would be best if you imagined it your own fancy bids, assuming it will rise to the occasion.

Perhaps it would be best if the reader pictures Omelas to himself as his imagination tells him, assuming his imagination will be equal to the task.

9.The faint insistent sweetness of drooz may perfume the ways of the city.

The faint but compelling sweet scent of the drug drooz may fill the streets of the city.

10.Perhaps it was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear, malnutrition, and neglect.

Perhaps the child was mentally retarded because it was born so or perhaps it has become very foolish and stupid because of fear, poor nourishment and neglect.

11.Its habits are too uncouth for it to respond to humane treatment.

The habits of the child are so crude and uncultured that it will show no sign of improvement even if it is treated kindly and tenderly.

12.Their tears at the bitter injustice dry when they begin to perceive the terrible justice of reality,and to accept it.

They shed tears when they see how terribly unjust they have been to the child, but these tears dry up when they realize how just and fair though terrible reality was.

第十课

1.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle aged.

At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.

2.The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable.

In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement.

3.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian slcial structure,…

The war only helped to speed up the break down of the Victorian social structure.

4…it was tempted, in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication…

In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their respons ibilities. They pretend ed to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.

5.Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit,…

The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure.

6…our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.

Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.

7…they “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up”.

The young people wanted to take part in the glorious ad-venture before the whole war ended.

8….they had outgrown towns and families…

These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families.

9…the returning veteran also had to face…the hypocritical dogoodism of Prohibition,…

The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.

10.Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”…

(Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down. 11…it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical”gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center…

It was only natural that hopeful young Writers whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war, Babbitry, and "Puritanical" gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic centre.

12.Each town had its”fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality,…

Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.

第十一课

1…below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctive-feeling…

The English people may hotly argue and abuse and quarrel with each other but there still exists a lot of natural sympathetic feeling for each other.

2…at heart they would like to take a whip to the whole idle troublesome mob of them.

What the wealthy employers would really like to do is to whip all the workers whom they consider to be lazy and troublesome people.

3….there are not many of these men, either on the board or the shop floor,…

There are not many snarling shop stewards in the work-shop, nor are there many cruel wealthy employers on the board of managers (or governing board of a factory).

4.It demands bigness, and they are suspicious of bigness.

The contemporary world demands that everything be done on a big scale and the English do not like or trust bigness.

5.Against this, at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show…

At least on the surface, when Englishness is put against the power and success of Admass, English ness seems to put up a rather poor weak performance.

6….while Englishness is not hostile to change, it is deeply suspicious of change for change’s sake,…

Englishness is not against change, but it believes that changing just for changing and for no other useful purpose to be very wrong and harmful.

7.T o put cars and motorways before houses seems to Englishness a communal imbecility.

T o regard cars and motorways as more important than houses seems to Englishness a public stupidity~

8.I must add that while Englishness can still fight on, Admass could be winning.

I must further say that while Englishness can go on fighting, there is a great possibility of Admass winning.

9.It must have some moral capital to draw upon, and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.

Englishness draws its strength from a reservoir of strong moral and ethical principles, and soon it may be asking for strength which this reservoir of principles cannot supply.

10.They probably believe, as I do, that the Admass “Good Life” is a fraud on all counts.

These people probably believe, as I do, that the 'Good Life' promised by Admass is false and dishonest in all respects.

11.They can be found, too-though not in largenumbers because the breed is duing out- among crusty High T ories who avoid the City and directors’ fees.

They can be found too though there are not many of them now because these kind of people are dying out -- among the curt, bad-tempered, extremely conservative politicians who refuse to accept high posts in big commercial enterprises.

12….they are inept, shiftless, slovenly, messy.

They are incompetent, lazy and inefficient, careless and untidy.

13…he will not even find much satisfaction in this scrounging messy existence, which does nothing for a man’s self-respect. He will not even find much satisfaction in his untidy and disordered life where he manages to live as a parasite by sponging on people. This kind of life does not help a person to build up any self-respect.

14.T o them the House of Commons is a remote squabbling-shop.

These people think of the House of Commons as a place rather far away where some people are always quarreling and arguing over some small matter.

15….heavy hands can fall on the shoulders that have been shrugging away polotics.

If a dictator comes to power, these people then will soon learn in the worst way that they were very wrong to ignore politics for they can now suddenly and for no reason be arrested and thrown into prison.

第十二课

1.It is a complex fate to be an American…

The fate of an American is complicated and hard to understand.

2…they were no more at home in Europe than I was.

They were uneasy and uncomfortable in Europe as I was.

3.We were both searching for our separate identities.

They were all trying to find their own special individualities.

4.I do not think that I could have made this reconciliation here.

I don't think I could have accepted in America my Negro status without feeling ashamed.

5.Europe can be very crippling too…

Europe can also have a very frustrating or disabling effect.

6…it is easier to cut across social and occupational lines there than it is here.

It is easier in Europe for people of different social groups and occupations to intermingle and have social intercourse.

7.A man can be as proud of being a good waiter as of being a good actor, and in neither case feel threatened.

In Europe a good waiter and a good actor are equally proud of their social status and position. They are not jealous of each other and do not live in fear of losing their position.

8.I was born in New Y ork, but have lived only in pockets of it.

I was born in New Y ork but have lived only in some small areas of the city.

9.This reassessment, which can be very painful, is also very valuable.

The reconsideration of the significance and importance of many things that one had taken for granted in the past can be very painful, though very valuable.

10.On this acceptance, literally, the life of a writer depends.

The life of a writer really depends on his accepting the fact that no matter where he goes or what he does he will always carry the marks of his origins.

11.American writers do not have a fixed society to describe.

American writers live in a mobile society where nothing is fixed, so they do not have a fixed society to describe.

12.Every society is really governed by hidden laws, by unspoken but profound assumptions on the part of the people…Every society is influenced and directed by hidden laws, and by many things deeply felt and taken for granted by the people, though not openly spoken about.

第十四课

1.Nowadays New Y ork is out of phase with American taste…

Nowadays New Y ork cannot understand nor follow the taste of the American people.

2.New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends,…

New Y ork boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles, fashion)of America.

3…sitcomes cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preempt the airwaves from California. Situation comedies made in Hollywood and the actual performance of Johnny Carson now replace the scheduled radio and TV programs for California.

4. it is making something of a comeback as a tourist attraction.

New Y ork is regaining somewhat its status as a city that attracts tourists.

5.T o win in New Y ork is to be uneasy…

A person who wins in New Y ork is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety (because he is afraid of losing what he has won in the fierce competition).

6.nature’s pleasures are much qualified in New Y ork.

The chance to enjoy the pleasures of nature is very limited.

7…the city’s bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens.

At night the city of New Y ork is aglow with lights and seems proudly and haughtily to darken the night sky.

8.But the purity of a bihemian dedication can be exaggerated.

But a pure and wholehearted devotion to a Bohemian life style can be exaggerated.

9.In both these roles it ratifies more than it creates.

In both these roles of banking and communications head- quarters, New Y ork starts or originates very few things but gives its stamp of approval to many things created by people in other parts of the country.

10.The television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype,…

The television generation was constantly and strongly influenced by extravagant promotional advertis ing.

11…those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves in the magazines.

Authors writing long serious novels earn their living in the meantime by also writing articles for popular magazines.

12.Broadway, which seemed to be succuming to the tawdriness of its environment, is astir again.

Broadway, which seemed unable to resist the cheap, gaudy shows put on in the surrounding areas, is once again busy and active.

13…he prefers the unhealthy haale and the vitality of urban life.

(If you tell a New Y orker about the vigor of outdoor pleasures, he will reply that) he prefers the unhealthy turmoil and animated life of a city.

14.The defeated are not hidden away aomewhere else on the wrong side of town.

Those who failed in the struggle of life, the down-and-outs, are not hidden away in slums or ghettoes where other people can't see them.

15.The place constantly exasperates, st times exhilarates.

New Y ork constantly irritates and annoys very much but at times it also invigorates and stimulates.

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Lesson 9 “A More Perfect Union” (Part Ⅰ) 一、词汇短语 1. improbable adj. not likely to be true or to happen不可能的 2. persecution n. the state of treating someone cruelly or unfairly over a period of time, especially because of their religious or political beliefs 迫害 3. stalemate n. a situation in which it seems impossible to settle an argument or disagreement, and neither side can get an advantage 僵局，僵持 4. embed v. to fix something firmly into a substance or solid object 使插入，使嵌入 5. parchment n. a substance made from animal skin, used in the past for writing on; a document, manuscript, or diploma on parchment （用于书写正式文件的）仿羊皮纸；毕业文凭 6. obligation n. the state of being forced to do something because it is your duty, or because of a law, etc.义务，职责， 债务 7. unyielding adj. if a person is unyielding, they are not easily influenced and they are unlikely to change their mind坚强的，不屈的， 执着的

(完整版)高级英语2第三版_张汉熙_课文翻译

Unit 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English 人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。 闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。闲聊不是为了进行争论。闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。 或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。 有一天晚上的情形正是这样。人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹般地出现了。我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。 “几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。” 此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。有人赞成，也有人怒斥，还有人则不以为然。最后，当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样，由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。于是，问题便解决了。不过，酒馆闲聊并不需要解决什么问题，大伙儿仍旧可以糊里糊涂地继续闲扯下去。 告诉她“标准英语”应作那种解释的原来是个澳大利亚人。得悉此情，有些人便说起刻薄话来了，说什么囚犯的子孙这样说倒也不足为怪。这样，在五分钟内，大家便像到澳大利亚游览了一趟。在那样的社会里，“标准英语”自然是不受欢迎的。每当上流社会想给“规范英语”制订一些条条框框时，总会遭到下层人民的抵制。 看看撒克逊农民与征服他们的诺曼底统治者之间的语言隔阂吧。于是话题又从19世纪的澳大利亚囚犯转到12世纪的英国农民。谁对谁错，并没有关系。闲聊依旧热火朝天。 有人举出了一个人所共知，但仍值得提出来发人深思的例子。我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时用法语词，而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜时则用盎格鲁一撒克逊词。猪圈里的活猪叫pig，饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork(来自法语pore)；地里放牧着的牛叫cattle，席上吃的牛肉则叫beef(来自法语boeuf)；Chicken用作肉食时变成poultry(来自法语poulet)；calf加工成肉则变成veal(来自法语vcau)。即便我们的菜单没有为了装洋耍派头而写成法语，我们所用的英语仍然是诺曼底式的英语。这一切向我们昭示了诺曼底人征服之后英国文化上所存在的深刻的阶级裂痕。 撒克逊农民种地养畜，自己出产的肉自己却吃不起，全都送上了诺曼底人的餐桌。农民们只能吃到在地里乱窜的兔子。兔子肉因为便宜，诺曼底贵族自然不屑去吃它。因此，活兔子和吃的兔子肉共用rabbit 这个词表示，而没有换成由法语lapin转化而来的某个词。 当我们今天听着有关双语教育问题的争论时，我们应该设身处地替当时的撒克逊农民想一想，新的统治阶级把法语用来对抗撒克逊农民自己的语言，从而在农民周围筑起一道文化障碍。当英国人在像觉醒者赫里沃德这样的撒克逊领袖领导下起来造反时，他们一定深深地感受到了文化上的屈辱。“标准英语”——如果那时候有这个名词的话——已经变成法语。而九百年后我们在美国这儿仍然继承了这种影响。 那晚闲聊过后，第二天一早便有人去查阅了资料。这个名词在16世纪已有人使用过。纳什作于1593年的《截获信函奇闻》中就有过“标准英语”(Queen’s English)的提法。1602年德克写到某人时有句话说：

大学高级英语第一册张汉熙版第四课原文加翻译everydayuseforyour

I will wait for her in the yard that Maggie and I made so clean and wavy yester day afternoon. A yard like this is more comfortable than most people know. It is not just a yard. It is like an extended living room. When the hard clay is swept clean as a floor and the fine sand around the edges lined with tiny, irregular grooves, anyone can come and sit and look up into the elm tree and wait for the breezes that never come inside the house. Maggie will be nervous until after her sister goes: she will stand hopelessly in corners, homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs, eying her sister with a mixture of envy and awe. She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that "no" is a word the world never learned to say to her. You've no doubt seen those TV shows where the child who has "made it" is confronted, as a surprise, by her own mother and father, tottering in weakly from backstage. (A Pleasant surprise, of course: What would they do if parent and child came on the show only to curse out and insult each other) On TV mother and child embrace and smile into each other's face. Sometimes the mother and father weep, the child wraps them in her arms and leans across the table to tell how she would not have made it without their help. I have seen these programs. Sometimes I dream a dream in which Dee and I are suddenly brought together on a TV program of this sort. Out of a cark and soft-seated limousine I am ushered into a bright room filled with many people. There I meet a smiling, gray, sporty man like Johnny Carson who shakes my hand and tells me what a fine girl I have. Then we are on the stage and Dee is embracing me with tear s in her eyes. She pins on my dress a large orchid, even though she has told me once that she thinks or chides are tacky flowers. In real life I am a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands. In the winter I wear flannel nightgowns to bed and overalls during the day. I can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man. My fat keeps me hot in zero weather. I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing; I can eat pork liver cooked over the open tire minutes after it comes steaming from the hog. One winter

高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙1-6-8课课后答案

LesｓｏｎOnｅ 1.And it iｓan actｉviｔｙｏnlｙｏf hｕmａns. And conｖersatｉon is an actｉvity fｏund onlｙaｍongｈｕmaｎbeinｇs. 2.Cｏnverｓａtｉｏn is not for maｋiｎg a point. Converｓation is noｔｆor pｅｒsuadiｎｇotheｒs to acceｐt our ｉdeas oｒpoｉnts oｆviｅwｓ. 3.Ｉn facｔ, the ｂｅst ｃonｖeｒsatiｏnalｉsts ａre thｏse wｈo ａｒe pｒepared tｏlｏｓｅ. Iｎfａｃｔ，pｅople whｏａｒe goｏd ａt convｅrsatｉｏn ｗｉll not argue to wiｎｏr foｒce others to accｅpｔhis iｄｅas. 4.Bａr frienｄs are nｏｔdｅeply iｎvolvｅd ｉｎｅach otｈer’s ｌives. Ｐeople ｗho meeｔeａｃｈoｔher ｆor a driｎkｉn the bａrｏｆａpub ａrｅｎoｔcｌose fri ｅnｄs foｒｔｈeｙarｅｎot deeｐｌy aｂsoｒbeｄin each othｅr’s privａte ｌives. 5.....it couｌｄstilｌgo ｉｇｎｏｒａntlｙoｎ... Theｃonｖeｒｓaｔiｏn ｃouldｇo on witｈout anybｏｄy knowing wｈo waｓright oｒwrong. 6.Tｈeｒe are cａttlｅinｔｈe fieｌds ，bｕｔwｅsｉtｄown tｏｂeｅf． Theｓe anｉmalｓａｒe calｌｅd cａttlｅwｈen ｔhｅy are alive and feed in the fieｌdｓ,but ｗhen ｗe sｉｔdoｗn ａtｔｈe table ｔｏｅaｔ,we calｌｔheir mｅet beef. 7.The ｎew ruling cｌａssｈａｄｂuilｔa ｃulｔuｒaｌbａrｒiｅｒａgainｓt him byｂuｉ lding ｔheiｒFreｎcｈagainsｔhiｓown langｕage. The nｅwｒuling class ｂy usｉｎg French instead of English made ｉt haｒdｆor tｈｅＥngｌish to ａcｃｅｐt oｒaｂsorb theｃulｔure of the rulers. 8.Eｎgｌish ｈad comｅroyalｌｙiｎｔo ｉts own. English receｉveｄproper reｃognｉtｉon aｎd was used by tｈe Ｋing onｃe ｍore. 9.The phｒａsｅｈas aｌwaｙｓbｅeｎｕｓｅd a ｌittle ｐeｊoratiｖelyａnd even fａcetioｕsly ｂｙthe loｗeｒclasｓｅs. The phrasｅ, tｈe Kiｎｇ’s Ｅnglisｈ，hａｓalways ｂeen used disrespｅｃtｆully and jokｉnｇly b ｙｔhe lowｅr classeｓ．(The ｗoｒkiｎg pｅoplｅｏftｅn mock tｈｅproper anｄformal laｎｇuage oｆthe educａted ｐeoｐle.) 10.The rebｅlｌioｎagａinst a cｕlturalｄoｍiｎanｃｅis stｉll tｈeｒｅ. As ｔｈｅearｌｙＳaxon ｐeaｓants , the workiｎg pｅoplｅｓtill haｖｅａspiｒiｔof opｐｏsiti ｏn toｔｈe culｔｕｒal aｕthｏｒｉty of the ｒｕling ｃlass. 11.Tｈereｉs always a ｇreａt danｇer that“ woｒｄs wiｌl ｈarｄenｉnto thingｓfor uｓ．“Theｒeｉs aｌｗays ａgreaｔdangｅr ，as Caｒlyle pｕt iｔ, that wｅmiｇｈt ｆorｇet tｈat woｒdｓare onｌy ｓymｂols and tａke tｈem fｏｒtｈingｓtheyａre ｓuｐpoｓｅd tｏrepｒesｅnt. a.Hoｗｅver ｉntricate tｈｅｗａｙｓin whicｈanｉmalｓｃommunicａte witｈeaｃｈｏｔｈer, they do not ｉｎdulge ｉnａnything thaｔdeservesｔｈe namｅoｆcoｎversation. 不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂,它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。 b.Argｕmｅｎt ｍａy oｆten be a part oｆit, bｕt tｈe purｐose of the aｒguｍeｎt is ｎot to convince. Therｅis ｎo winning in coｎveｒｓａtion. 争论会经常出现于交谈中,但争论的目的不是为了说服。交谈中没有胜负之说。 c.Perhａps ｉt iｓbｅcauｓe ofｍy uｐbrｉnｇiｎg ｉｎEngｌish puｂs tｈaｔI think ｂar conversａｔｉｏn ｈaｓ a ｃharm ｏf its own. 或许我从小就混迹于英国酒吧缘故，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。

张汉熙《高级英语(1)》(修订本)学习指南(Hiroshima—the “Liveliest” Ci

Unit 2 Hiroshima—the “Liveliest”City in Japan 一、词汇短语 1. reportorial [7repE5tC:riEl] adj. reporting报告的，报道的 2. preoccupation [pri(:)7Ckju5peiFEn]n. an idea that preoccupies the mind and holds the attention当务之急，使人全神贯注的事物：Their chief preoccupation was how to feed their families.他们关注的首要事情是 如何养家糊口。 3. kimono [ki5mEunEu] n. a traditional piece of Japanese clothing like a long loose coat, worn at special ceremonies和服 4. bob [bCb] vi. to move up and down上下移动：a cork bobbing on the water软木 浮标在水中上下漂动 5. ritual [5ritjuEl] adj. of or having the nature of, or done as a rite or rites仪式的，典 礼的 n. old rules and regulations; convention例行公事，老规矩：Many of the tribe’s customs and rituals are as old as the hills.这部落的许 多风俗、仪式都极其古老。 6. fa?ade [fE5sB:d] n. the front side正面：the ornate facade of the Palace宫殿装饰华 丽的正面 7. grocery [5^rEusEri] n. a store selling foodstuffs and various household supplies

高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙1-6-8课课后翻译知识讲解

Unit1 1. However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation. 不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。 2. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation. 争论会经常出现于交谈中，但争论的目的不是为了说服。交谈中没有胜负之说。 3. Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own. 或许我从小就混迹于英国酒吧缘故，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。 4. I do not remember what made one of our companions say it ---she clearly had not come into the bar to say it , it was not something that was pressing on her mind---but her remark fell quite naturally into the talk. 我不记得是什么使得我的一个同伴说起它来的---她显然不是来酒吧说这个的，这不是她事先想好的话题----但她的话相当自然地插入到了交谈中。 5. There is always resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for “English as it should be spoken .” 下层社会总会抵制上层社会企图给“标准英语”制定得规则。 6. Words are not themselves a reality ,but only representations of it ,and the King’s English ,like the Anglo-French of the Normans , is a class representation of reality. 词语本身并不是现实。正如诺曼底人讲的英格鲁--法语一样，标准英语是一个阶层用来表达现实的形式。

(完整word版)高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙1-6,8课课后答案(2)

Lesson One 1.And it is an activity only of humans. And conversation is an activity found only among human beings. 2.Conversation is not for making a point. Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views. 3.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas. 4.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives. People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each other’s private lives. 5.....it could still go ignorantly on ... The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong. 6.There are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef. These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meet beef. 7.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language. The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers. 8.English had come royally into its own. English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more. 9.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. The phrase , the King’s English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes.(The working people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.) 10.The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there. As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class. 11.There is always a great danger that “ words will harden into things for us. “ There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent. a.However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation. 不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。 b.Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation. 争论会经常出现于交谈中，但争论的目的不是为了说服。交谈中没有胜负之说。 c.Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own. 或许我从小就混迹于英国酒吧缘故，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。 d.I do not remember what made one of our companions say it ---she clearly had not come into the bar to say it , it was not something that was pressing on her mind---but her remark fell quite naturally into the talk. 我不记得是什么使得我的一个同伴说起它来的---她显然不是来酒吧说这个的，这不是她事先想好的话题----但她的话相当自然地插入到了交谈中。 e.There is always resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for “English as it should be spoken .” 下层社会总会抵制上层社会企图给“标准英语”制定得规则。

高级英语第三版第一册课文翻译和词汇1-6

高级英语（第三版）第一册课文译文和词汇张汉熙版Lesson 1 Face to Face with Hurricane Camille 迎战卡米尔号飓风约瑟夫.布兰克 小约翰。柯夏克已料到，卡米尔号飓风来势定然凶猛。就在去年8月17日那个星期天，当卡米尔号飓风越过墨西哥湾向西北进袭之时，收音机和电视里整天不断地播放着飓风警报。柯夏克一家居住的地方一-密西西比州的高尔夫港--肯定会遭到这场飓风的猛烈袭击。路易斯安那、密西西比和亚拉巴马三州沿海一带的居民已有将近15万人逃往内陆安全地带。但约翰就像沿海村落中其他成千上万的人一样，不愿舍弃家园，要他下决心弃家外逃，除非等到他的一家人一-妻子詹妮丝以及他们那七个年龄从三岁到十一岁的孩子一一眼看着就要灾祸临头。 为了找出应付这场风灾的最佳对策，他与父母商量过。两位老人是早在一个月前就从加利福尼亚迁到这里来，住进柯夏克一家所住的那幢十个房间的屋子里。他还就此征求过从拉斯韦加斯开车来访的老朋友查理?希尔的意见。 约翰的全部产业就在自己家里(他开办的玛格纳制造公司是设计、研制各种教育玩具和教育用品的。公司的一切往来函件、设计图纸和工艺模具全都放在一楼)。37岁的他对飓风的威力是深有体会的。四年前，他原先拥有的位于高尔夫港以西几英里外的那个家就曾毁于贝翠号飓风(那场风灾前夕柯夏克已将全家搬到一家汽车旅馆过夜)。不过，当时那幢房子所处的地势偏低，高出海平面仅几英尺。"我们现在住的这幢房子高了23英尺，，'他对父亲说，"而且距离海边足有250码远。这幢房子是1915年建造的。至今还从未受到过飓风的袭击。我们呆在这儿恐怕是再安全不过了。" 老柯夏克67岁.是个语粗心慈的熟练机械师。他对儿子的意见表示赞同。"我们是可以严加防卫。度过难关的，"他说?"一但发现危险信号，我们还可以赶在天黑之前撤出去。" 为了对付这场飓风，几个男子汉有条不紊地做起准备工作来。自米水管道可能遭到破坏，他们把浴盆和提俑都盛满水。飓风也可能造成断电，所以他们检查手提式收音机和手电筒里的电池以及提灯里的燃料油。约翰的父亲将一台小发电机搬到楼下门厅里.接上几个灯泡。并做好把发电机与电冰箱接通的准备。 那天下午，雨一直下个不停.乌云随着越来越猛的暴风从海湾上空席卷而来。全家早早地用晚餐。邻居中一个丈夫去了越南的妇女跑过来。问她和她的两个孩子是否能搬进柯夏克家躲避风灾：另一个准备向内陆带转移的邻居也跑来问柯夏克家能否替他照看一下他的狗。 不到七点钟，天就黑了.，狂风暴雨拍打着屋子。约翰让大儿子和大女儿上楼去取来被褥和枕头给几个小一点的孩子。他想把全家人都集中在同一层楼上。"不要靠近窗户!"他警告说，担心在飓风巾震破的玻璃碎片会飞来伤人。风凶猛地咆哮起来?屋子开始漏雨了……那雨水好像能穿墙透壁，往屋里直灌。一家人都操起拖把、毛巾、盆罐和水桶，展l开了一场排水战。到八点半钟，电没有了。柯夏克老爹便启动了小发电机。 飓风的咆哮声压倒了一切。房子摇晃着，起居室的天花板一块块掉下来。楼上一个房问的法兰西式两用门砰地一声被风吹开了。楼下的人还听到楼上其他玻璃窗破碎时发出的劈劈啪啪的响声。积水已经漫到脚踝上了。 随后，前门开始从门框上脱落。约翰和查理用肩膀抵住¨，但一股水浪冲击过来。撞开了大门，把两人都掀倒在地板上。发电机泡在水里，电灯熄灭了。查理舔了舔嘴唇，对着约翰大喊道："这回可真是大难临头了。这水是成的。"海水已经漫到屋子跟前?积水仍不断上涨。 "都从后门到汽车上去!"约翰提高嗓门大叫道。"我们把孩子2们一个个递过去，数一数! 一共九个!"