普通高中学业水平测试英语词汇表

2010年普通高中学业水平测试英语

词汇表

说明：本词汇表共收约2514个单词。

A

a (an) art. 一（个、件……）

ability n. 能力；才能

able a. 能够；有能力的

aboard prep. 上（船，飞机，火车，汽车等）

about ad. 大约；到处；四处

prep. 关于；在各处；四处

above prep. 在……上面 a. 上面的ad. 在……之上

abroad ad. 到（在）国外

absent a. 缺席，不在

absorb v. 吸收，使全神贯注

academic a. & n. 学术的，教学的

accent n. 口音，音调

accept vt. 接受

accident n. 事故，意外的事

account n. 账目;描述

accurate a. 精确的

accuse v. 指责，指控

ache vi.& n. 痛，疼痛

achieve vt. 达到，取得

achievement n. 成就，成绩，功绩

acid a. 酸的

acre n. 英亩

across prep. 横过，穿过

act n. 法令，条例v. （戏）表演，扮演（角色），演出（戏）；行动，做事

action n. 行动

active a. 积极的，主动的

activity n. 活动

actor n. 男演员

actress n. 女演员

actual a. 实际的：现实的

AD n. 公元

ad (缩) =advertisement n.广告

add vt.添加，增加

address n. 地址

administration n.管理，行政部门

admire v. 钦佩；羡慕

admit vt. 承认，准许（入场，入学） adult n. 成年人

advance v. 推进，促进；前进

advantage n. 优点；好处

adventure n. 冒险；奇遇

advertise vt. 为……做广告

advertisement n. 广告

advice n. 忠告，劝告，建议

advise vt. 忠告，劝告，建议

affair n. 事，事情

afford vt. 负担得起（……的费用）；抽得出（时间）；提供

afraid a. 害怕的；担心

Africa n. 非洲

African a. 非洲的，非洲人的n. 非洲人 after ad. 在后；后来prep. 在……之后；在后面conj. 在……以后

afternoon n. 下午，午后

afterward(s) ad. 后来

again ad. 再一次；再，又

against prep. 对着，反对

age n. 年龄；时代

ago ad. 以前

agree v. 同意；应允

agreement n. 同意，一致；协定，协议 ahead ad. 在前，向前

aid n. 援助；救护；辅助器具

AIDS n. 艾滋病

aim n.目的；目标v. 计划，打算；瞄准；针对

air n. 空气；大气

aircraft n. 飞机(单复数同)

airline n. 航空公司；航空系统

airmail n. 航空邮件

airplane n.（美）飞机

airport n. 航空站，飞机场

airspace n.领空,（某国的）空域

alcohol n. 含酒精饮料，酒

alike ad. 很相似地，同样地

alive a. 活着的，存在的

all ad. 全部地a. 全（部）；所有的；总；整pron.全部；全体人员

allergic a. 过敏的，厌恶

allow vt. 允许，准许

almost ad. 几乎，差不多

alone a. 单独的，孤独的

along ad. 向前；和……一起；一同

prep. 沿着；顺着

aloud ad. 大声地

alphabet n. 字母表，字母

already ad. 已经

also ad. 也

although conj. 虽然，尽管

altogether ad. 总共

always ad. 总是；一直；永远

am v. be的人称形式之一

a.m./A.M. n. 午前，上午

amaze v. 惊奇，惊叹；震惊

amazing a.惊奇；惊叹的；震惊的

ambassador (ambassadress) n.大使

ambulance n. 救护车

America n. 美国；美洲

among prep. 在……中间；在（三个以上）之间

amount n. / v. 金额，数量，总计

amusement n. 娱乐

analyse v. 分析

analysis n. 分析，分析结果

ancestor n. 祖宗；祖先

ancient a. 古代的，古老的

and conj. 和；又；而

anger n. 怒，愤怒

angle n. 角度

angry a. 生气的，愤怒的

animal n. 动物

ankle n. 踝，踝关节

announce vt. 宣布，宣告

annoy vt. （使）烦恼

another a. 再一；另一；别的；不同的pron 另一个

answer n. 回答；答复；回信；答案v. 回答，答复；回信；（作出）答案

ant n. 蚂蚁

Antarctic a. 南极的

anxiety n. 担忧，焦虑

anxious a. 忧虑的，焦急的

any pron. （无论）哪一个；哪些任何的；（用于疑问句、否定句）一些；什么 anybody pron. 任何人，无论谁 anyhow ad. 不管怎样

anyone pron. 任何人，无论谁

anything pron. 什么事（物）；任何事（物）

anyway ad. 不管怎样

anywhere ad. 任何地方

apartment n. （美）楼中单元房，一套房间；房间

apologize vi. 道歉，谢罪

apology n. 道歉；歉意

appear vi. 出现

appearance n. 出现，露面；容貌

apple n. 苹果

application n. 申请

apply v. 申请

appointment n. 约会

appreciate v. 欣赏；感激

approach n. / v. 靠近，接近，建议，要求

approximately ad. 近似，大约

apron n.（机场的）停机坪

architect n. 建筑师，设计师

Arctic a. 北极的

area n. 面积；地域，地方，区域；范围，领域

argue vi. 争辩，争论

argument n. 争论，辩论

arise (arose, arisen) vi. 起来，升起；出现

arithmetic n. 算术

arm n. 臂，支架；v. 以……装备，武装起来

armchair n. 扶手椅

army n. 军队

around ad. 在周围；在附近

prep. 在……周围；大约

arrange v. 安排，布置

arrangement n. 安排，布置

arrest v. 逮捕，拘留

arrival n. 到来，到达

arrive vi. 到达；达到

arrow n. 箭；箭头

art n. 艺术，美术；技艺

article n.文章；东西，物品；冠词

artist n.艺术家

as ad.& conj. 像……一样；如同；因为

prep. 作为，当做

ash n. 灰；灰末

ashamed a. 惭愧；害臊

Asia n. 亚洲

Asian a. 亚洲（人）的n. 亚洲人

aside ad. 在旁边

ask v. 问；请求，要求；邀请

asleep a. 睡着的，熟睡

aspect n. 方面，外观，外表

assistant n. 助手，助理

association n. 协会，社团，联系

astronaut n. 宇航员

astronomer n. 天文学家

astronomy n. 天文学

at prep. 在（几点钟）；在（某处）

athlete n. 运动员

Atlantic a. 大西洋的

atmosphere n. 大气；气氛

atom n. 原子，微粒

attach v. 把……固定，重视

attack vt. / n. 攻击，袭击

attempt vt. 试图，尝试

attention n. 注意，关心

attitude n. 态度，看法

attract v. 吸引，引起

attractive a. 迷人的，有吸引力的

audience n. 观众，听众

aunt n. 伯母；舅母；婶；姑；姨

author n. 作家

automatic a. 自动的

autumn n. 秋天，秋季

available a. 可获得的，有空的

avenue n. 大道

average a.平均；普通的n.平均数

avoid v. 避免，躲开，逃避

awake (awoke, awoken) v. 唤醒 a. 醒着的

award n. 奖品，奖励

aware a. 知道，意识到，发觉

away ad. 离开；远离

awful a. 很坏的，极讨厌的 B

baby n. 婴儿

back ad. 回（原处）；向后 a. 后面的

n. 背后，后部；背

background n. 背景

backward(s) ad. 向后

bacon n. 咸猪肉；熏猪肉

bad (worse, worst) a. 坏的；有害的，不利的；严重的

badminton n. 羽毛球

bag n. 书包；提包；袋子

baggage n. 行李

balance n. 平衡

ball n. 球；舞会

balloon n. 气球

bamboo n. 竹

ban n. 禁令v. 禁止；取缔

banana n. 香蕉

band n. 乐队

bank n. （河海湖的）岸，堤；银行

bar n. 条（长方）块，棒，横木；（酒店的）买酒柜台；酒吧；（卖东西的）柜台 barbecue n. 烤肉野餐

bargain n.（经讨价还价后）成交的商品；廉价货v. 讨价还价

bark v. 狗叫n. 狗叫声

base n. 根据地，基地（棒球）垒

baseball n. 棒球

basement n. 地下室

basic a. 基本的

basin n. 水盆，脸盆

basis n. 原因，缘由，要素

basket n. 篮子

basketball n. 篮球

bat n. （棒球、板球的）球棒；蝙蝠

bath n. 洗澡；浴室；澡盆

bathe vi. 洗澡；游泳

bathroom n. 浴室，盥洗室

bathtub n. 澡盆

battery n. 电池

battle n. 战斗；战役

BC n. 公元前

be v. 是（原形），其人称和时态形式有(am, is, are, was, were, being, been)；成为

beach n. 海滨，海滩

bean n. 豆，豆科植物

* beancurd n. 豆腐

bear v. 承受，负担，承担；忍受；容忍 n. 熊

beard n. （下巴上的）胡须

beast n. 野兽；牲畜

beat (beat, beaten) v. 敲打；跳动；打赢n.节拍

beautiful a. 美，美丽，美观的

beauty n. 美丽，美人

because conj. 因为

become (became, be come) v. 变得；成为

bed n. 床

bedroom n. 寝室，卧室

bee n.. 蜜蜂

beef n. 牛肉

beer n. 啤酒

before prep. 在……以前；在……前面ad. 以前conj. 在……之前

beg v. 请求，乞求，乞讨

begin(began,begun) v.开始，着手

behave v. 守规矩，行为

behaviour n. 行为，举止

behind prep. (表示位置)在……后面

ad. 在后面；向后

belief n. 信条，信念

believe v. 相信，认为

bell n. 钟,铃;钟(铃)声;钟形物

belong vi. 属，附属

below prep. 在……下面

belt n. （皮）带

bench n. 长凳；工作台

bend (bent, bent) vt. 使弯曲

beneath prep. 在……下方（面）

benefit n. / v.优势,益处,使……受益

beside prep. 在……旁边；靠近

besides prep. 除……以外（还有）ad. 还有，此外

between prep. 在（两者）之间；在……中间

beyond prep. (表示位置) 在……的那边 bicycle n. 自行车 big a. 大的

bike = bicycle n. 自行车

bill n.账单；法案，议案；（美）钞票，纸币

biology n. 生物（学）

bird n. 鸟

birth n. 出生；诞生

birthday n. 生日

birthplace n. 出生地；故乡

biscuit n. 饼干

bit n. 一点，一些，少量的

bite (bit, bitten) v. 咬；叮

bitter a. 有苦味的；痛苦的，难过的；严酷的

black n. 黑色a. 黑色的

blackboard n. 黑板

blame n.& v. 责备；责怪

blank n.& a. 空格，空白（处）；空的；茫然无表情的

blanket n. 毛毯，毯子

bleed vi. 出血，流血

blind a. 瞎的

block n. 大块；（木、石等）块；街区；路障

vt. 阻塞；阻挡

blood n. 血，血液

blouse n. 宽罩衫；（妇女、儿童穿的）短上衣

blow (blew, blown) v. 吹；刮风；吹气 blue n. 蓝色 a.蓝色的a. 悲伤的；沮丧的

board n. 木板；布告牌；委员会；（政府的）部v. 上（船、火车、飞机）

boat n. 小船，小舟

body n. 身体

boil v. 沸腾；烧开；煮……

bomb n. 炸弹v. 轰炸

bone n. 骨头，骨质（复数bones骨骼；骨骸）

bonus n. 津贴，奖金，红利

book n. 书；本子v. 预定，定（房间、车票等）

boot n. 长统靴；靴

bored a.（对人，事）厌倦的，烦闷的

boring a. 乏味的，无聊的

born a. 出生

borrow v. （向别人）借用；借

boss n. 领班；老板

both a. 两；双pron. 两者；双方

bother vt. 使烦恼

bottle n. 瓶子

bottom n. 底部；底

bowl n. 碗

bowling n. 保龄球

box n. 盒子，箱子

boxing n. 拳击（运动）

boy n. 男孩

brain n. 脑（子）

brake n. 闸vi. 刹车

branch n. 树枝；分枝；分公司，分店；支部

brand n. 品牌

brave a. 勇敢的

bread n. 面包

break n. 间隙

break (broke, bro ken) v. 打破(断，碎)；损坏，撕开

breakfast n. 早餐

breast n. 乳房，胸脯

breath n. 气息；呼吸

breathe vi. 呼吸

bride n. 新娘

bridegroom n. 新郎

bridge n. 桥

brief a. 简洁的

bright a. 明亮的；聪明的

brilliant a. 巧妙的，使人印象深刻的，技艺高的

bring (brought, brought) vt. 拿来，带来，取来

broad a. 宽的，宽大的

broadcast n. 广播节目

broadcast（broadcast, broadcast或--ed,--ed）vt. 广播

broken a. 弄坏了的

broom n. 扫帚

brother n. 兄；弟

brown n. 褐色，棕色 a. 褐色的，棕色的

brush v. 刷；擦n. 刷子

budget n. 预算

build (built, built) v. 建筑；造

building n. 建筑物；房屋；大楼

bunch n. 串,束,扎,大量,大批

burglar n. 入室窃贼

burn (--ed, --ed 或burnt, burnt) v. 燃，烧，着火；使烧焦；使晒黑n. 烧伤；晒伤 bury vt. 埋；葬

bus n. 公共汽车

bush n. 灌木丛，矮树丛

business n.（本分）工作，职业；职责；生意，交易；事业

businessman (pl. businessmen) n. 商人（男）；男企业家

businesswoman (businesswomen) n. 商人（女）；女企业家

busy a. 忙（碌）的

but conj. 但是，可是prep. 除了, 除……外

butcher. Vt.&n.. 肉店；屠夫屠宰（动物）；残杀（人）

butter n. 黄油，奶油

butterfly n. 蝴蝶

button n. 纽扣；（电铃等的）按钮v. 扣（纽扣）

buy (bought,bought) vt. 买

by prep. 靠近，在……旁；在……时间；不迟于；被；用；由；乘（车）

bye int. 再见

C

cabbage n. 卷心菜，洋白菜

café n. 咖啡馆；餐馆

cage n 笼；鸟笼

cake n. 蛋糕，糕点；饼

call n. 喊，叫；电话，通话

v. 称呼；呼唤；喊，叫

calm a. 镇静,沉着的v.镇静沉着

camel n. 骆驼

camera n. 照相机；摄像机

camp n.（夏令）营vi.野营,宿营

can (could) can’t = can not modal v. 可能；能够；可以不能n. （美）罐头；罐子

十年高考英语高频词汇归纳

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forged cheque伪支票 Bandar's note庄票，银票 银行及金融机构(Banks and financial organizations) banker银行家 president行长 savings bank储蓄银行 Chase Bank大通银行 National City Bank of New York花旗银行 Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation汇丰银行 Chartered Bank of India,Australia and China麦加利银行 Banque de I'IndoChine东方汇理银行 central bank,national bank,banker's bank中央银行 bank of issue,bank of circulation发行币银行 commercial bank商业银行，储蓄信贷银行 member bank,credit bank储蓄信贷银行 discount bank贴现银行 exchange bank汇兑银行 requesting bank委托开证银行 issuing bank,opening bank开证银行 advising bank,notifying bank通知银行 negotiation bank议付银行 confirming bank保兑银行 paying bank付款银行 associate banker of collection代收银行 consigned banker of collection委托银行 clearing bank清算银行 local bank本地银行 domestic bank国内银行 overseas bank国外银行 unincorporated bank钱庄 branch bank银行分行 trustee savings bank信托储蓄银行 trust company信托公司 financial trust金融信托公司 unit trust信托投资公司 trust institution银行的信托部 credit department银行的信用部 commercial credit company(discount company)商业信贷公司（贴现公司）neighborhood savings bank,bank of deposit街道储蓄所 credit union合作银行 credit bureau商业兴信所

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along aloud alphabet already also although altogether always am ａ.m./am，A.M./AM amaze amazing ambassador (ambassadress) America ambulance among amount amusement analysis ancestor ancient and anger angle angry animal ankle announce annoy another answer ant Antarctic anxiety anxious any anybody anyhow anyone anything anyway anywhere apartment apologize apology appear appearance apple application apply appointment appreciate approach approximately apron architect area argue argument arise (arose, arisen) arithmetic arm armchair army around arrange arrangement arrest arrival arrive arrow art article artist as ash ashamed Asia Asian aside ask

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From a diachronic point of view, we can consider words historically, looking into their origins and changes in f orm and meaning. These two ways are complementary. As f or the course of English lexicology, there are quite some def initions, principles and explanations that govern the law of English words. We need to be clear about them. Everything has its own special aspects. We should grasp them so that we can closely f ollow its law. So it is also the case with English lexicology 3 Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning with examples. A word is a symbol that stands f or something else in the word. Each of the world’s cultures has come to agree that certain sounds will represent certain persons, things, places, properties, processes and activities arbirtrary, and there is“no logical relationship between the sound which stands f or a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself”.a dog is called a dog not because the sound and the three letters that make up the word just automatically suggest the animal in question. It is only symbolic. The relationship between them is conventional because people of the same speech community have agreed to refers to the animal with this cluster of sound. In dif ferent language the same concept can be represented by diff erent sound. Woman, f or example, becomes “frau”in German, “f emme”in French and “f u nu”in Chinese. On the other hand, the same sound /mi:t/ may be used to mean meet, meat, mete, denoting entirely different thing. Differences of Sound and Form：语音和类型的区别the internal reason f or this is that the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans；the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years, and in some cases the two have drawn far apart；some of the differences were created by the early scribes；f inally comes the borrowing, which is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary。 4 Enumerate the major modes of modern vocabulary development. (列举现代英语词汇发展的主要方式) generally speaking, there are three modes of modem English vocabulary development. They are: creation, semantic change and borrowing. 1, creation refers to the f ormation of new words by usin g the existing materials, namely roots, aff ixes, and other elements. 2, semantic change means an old f orm which takes on a new meaning to meet the new word. This does not increase the number of word f orms but create many more new usages of the words, thus enriching the vocabulary. 3, borrowing has played a vital role in the development of vocabulary, particularly in earlier times. 5 What are the f undamental f eatures of the core of the English vocabulary? (英 语基本词汇有什么基本特征?) the f oundamental features of the basic word stock are f ollows:1, all national character 2, stability 3, productivity 4, polysemy 5, collocability 6 What is reference? (什么是所指关系?) reference is the relationship between language and the word. “by means of reference, a speaker indicat es which thing in the word (including persons) are being talked about. ”words have meaning only when they have acquired reference. In other words, only when a connection has been est ablished between the linguistic sign and a referent, i.e. an object , a phenomenon, a person, etc. does the sign become ,meaningf ul. The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is arbitrary and conventional. 7 What is the dif f erence between grammatical meaning and lexical meaning? (语法意义和词汇意义有何区 别？) unlike lexical meaning, different lexical items, which have different lexi cal meaning, may have the same grammatical meaning. On the other hand, the same word may have diff erent grammatical meaning. Functional words, though having little lexical meaning, possess strong grammatical meaning whereas content words have both meaning, and lexical meaning in particular. Lexical meaning and grammatical meaning make up the word-meaning. It is known that grammatical meaning surfaces only in use. But lexical meaning is constant in all the content words within or without context as it is related to the word conveys. 8 Associative meaning comprises f our types: connotative, stylistic, aff ective, and collocative.(联想意义包括四种类别：内 涵意义，文体意义，感情意义，搭配意 义) 9 What is the different between the processes of radiation and concatenation? (辐射型和 连锁型有什么区别？) unlike radiation where each of the derived meaning is directly connected to the primary meaning, concatenation describes a process where each of the later meaning is related only to the preceding one like chains. Though the latest sense can be traced back to the original, there is no direct connection in between. 10 Differentiation of homonyms f rom polysemants. (同形同音异义词与多义 词的区别) the f undamental difference between homonyms and polysemants lies in the f ace the f ormer refers to diff erent words which happen to share the same f orm and the latter is the one and same word which has several distinguishable meanings. One important criterion is to see their etymology, i.e. homonyms are f orm different sources whereas a polysemant is f orm the same source which has acquired different meaning in the course of development. The second principal consideration is semantic relat edness. The various meaning of a polysemant are correlated and connected to one central meaning to a greater or lesser degree. On the other hand, meanings of different homonyms have nothing to do with one another. In dictionaries, a polysemant has its meaning all listed under one headword whereas homonyms are listed as separate enties. 11 sources of synonyms. (同义词的来源) 1, borrowing 2, dialects and regional English 3, f igurative and euphemistic use of words 4, coincidence with idiomatic expressions. 12 discrimination of synonyms. (同义词 的区别) 1，diff erent in denotation. 2, dif ferent in connotation 3, diff erent in application. 13 type of antonyms. (反义词的类别) 1，contradictory terms 2, contrary terms 3, relative terms 14 some of the characteristics of antonyms. (反义词的一些特点) 1，antonyms are classi f ied on the basis of semantic opposition. 2, a word which has more than one meaning can have more than one antonym. 3, antonyms diff er in semantic inclusion. 4, contrary terms are gradable antonyms, differing in degree of intensity, so each has its own corresponding opposite. 15 give examples to explain the characteristics of each of the three types of antonymys: contradictiory terms, contrary terms, relative terms. (举例解 释下列三种反义词：1 互为矛盾的反义 词 2 相对反义词 3 表示相互关系的 反义词) contradictiory terms： these antonyms truly represent to each other that they are mutually exclusive and admit no possibility between them. Examples: dead—alive; present—absent; contrary terms: antonyms of the type are best viewed in terms of a scale running between two poles or extremes. f or instance, rich—poor; old—young; relative terms: this type consists of relative opposites such as parent—child; husband—wi f e; 16 What are the causes of semantic charge? (语义变化的原因？) there are many causes of semantic change. The main causes are extra—linguistic f actors and linguistic f actors. In extra—linguistic f actors, there are historical reasons, class reasons, and psychological reasons. In linguistic factors, there are shortening of phrases, inf lux of borrowings and analogy. 17 Types of changes. (词义变化的种类) 1, extension (词义的扩大) 2， narrowing (词义的缩小) 3，elevation (词义的升格) 4，degradation (词义的

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A able (adj.) 能够;有能力的 aboard (adv.) 在船(飞机,火车,公共汽车)上 above (prep.) 在……上面 (adv.) 在上面(adj.) 上面的 abroad (adv.) 到(在)国外 absence (n.) 缺席absent (adj.) 缺席;不在 absolutely (adv.) 绝对地;完全地academic (adj.) 学术的 accent (n.) 口音accept (v.) 承认;接受;答应 account (n.) 叙述;描写;报道 ache (vi. & n.) 痛;疼痛 achievement (n.) 成就;功业;伟绩 across (prep. & adv.) 穿过;在另一边;在对面 act (v.) 表演;扮演角色 active (adj.) 积极的;主动的 actor (n.) 演员actress (n.) 女演员 adapt (vi.) 使适应; 使适合 add (v.) 加; 增加 addict (n.) 对(药物 等)上瘾的人;瘾君子 address (n.) 住处; 通讯处 admit (vt.) 承认 advantage (n.) 优势; 长处 adventure (v.) 冒险 advertise (vt.) 为……做广告 advice (n.) 忠告;劝 告;建议 advise (v.) 忠告;劝 告;建议 adviser (n.) 顾问 affair (n.) 事;事情 affect (vt.) 影响; 对……有坏影响 afford (vt.) 买得起; 有能力支付 afraid (adj.) 害怕; 担心 be afraid of 害怕 Africa (n.) 非洲 after all 毕竟;终究 again and again 再 三地;反复地 once again 再一次 against (prep.) 反 对;不同意; 对着;逆 at the age of 在……岁时 agent (n.) 代理人; 经纪人 agricultural (adj.) 农业的 agriculture (n.) 农 业,农学 ahead (adv.) 向前; 在前 airport (n.) 航空港; 飞机场 alive (adj.) 活着的 allow (v.) 允许 almost (adv.) 几乎; 近于 alone (adj.) 单独的 along (prep.) 沿着; 顺着 (adv.) 向前;和…… 一起;一同 aloud (adv.) 大声地 although (conj.) 虽 然 altogether (adv.) 总共 always (adv.) 总是; 永远 amazed (adj.) 吃惊 的;惊讶的 amazing (adj.) 令人 吃惊的;令人惊讶的 amusing (adj.) 有趣 的;可笑的 ancient (adj.) 古代 的;古老的 anger (n.) 怒;愤怒 angry (adj.) 生气的; 愤怒的 animal (n.) 动物 ankle (n.) 脚踝 announce (v.) 宣布 announcement (n.) 通告;通知 anxious (adj.) 忧虑 的;焦急的 anybody / anyone (pron.) 任何人 anyhow (adv.) 不管 怎样 anything (pron.) 什 么事(物);任何事(物) anywhere (adv.) 任 何地方 apartment (n.) (美) 公寓;单元住宅 apologize (vi.) 道 歉;谢罪 apology (n.) 道歉; 歉意 appear (v.) 出现;显 得;好像 applause (n.) 掌声 apply (v.) 申请 appreciate (vt.) 感 激 approach (vt.) 接近 argue (vi.) 争论 argument (n.) 争论; 辩论;议论 arrange (v.) 安排; 布置

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普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲 英语词汇表 A a (an) art. 一（个、件……） abandon v. 放弃，抛弃 ability n. 能力；才能 able a. 能够；有能力的 abnormal a. 不正常的 aboard prep. 在（或上）船，飞机，火车等 abolish v. 废除 abortion n. 流产 about ad. 大约；到处；四处prep. 关于；在各处；四处above prep. 在……上面a. 上面的ad. 在……之上abroad ad. 到（在）国外 abrupt a. 突然的，不连贯的 absence n. 不在，缺席 absent a. 缺席，不在 absolute a. 绝对的 absorb v. 吸收 abstract a. & n. 抽象（的） absurd a. 荒谬的 abundant a. 丰富的 abuse v.滥用，虐待 academic a. & n. 学校的，学术的 academy n. 专科院校 accelerate v. 加快 accent n. 口音，音调 accept vt. 接受 access n. & v. 接近，进入 accessible a. 可接近的，可使用的 accident n. 事故，意外的事 accommodation n. 住宿，调节 accompany v. 陪伴 accomplish v. 完成，实现 account n. 账目；描述 accountant n. 会计师 accumulate v. 积累 accuracy n. 精确 accurate a. 精确 accuse v. 控告 accustomed a. 通常的，习惯的 ache vi.& n. 痛，疼痛 achieve vt. 达到，取得 第 1 页共74 页

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学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考 English Lexicology(英语词汇学) 1.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages.英语词汇学旨在调查和研究英语单词和单词的等价物的形态结构,其语义结构、关系、历史发展、形成和用法。 2.English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics（文体论）and lexicography(词典学) Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary 1.Word（词的定义）: A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence 词语是语言最小的自由形式，拥有固定的声音和意义以及句法作用。 2.Sound and meaning（声音与意义）: almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself”词语是一个符号，代表着世界上其他的事物。每种世界文化已经赞成一定的读音将代表一定的人，事，地方，特性，过程，行动，当然是在语言系统之外。这种象征性的联系几乎总是主观的，并且“在代表事物和思想的声音和实际的事物和思想之间没有法定关系” 3.Sound and form（读音和形式）:不统一的四个原因（1）the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other内因是因为英语字母表采用罗马字母，罗马字母没有独立的字母代表每个读音，因此一些字母代表两个读音或者组合在一起发音。 （2）the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years另一个原因是发音比拼写的变化快，在一些时候还拉开了距离。在最近五百年里，尽管口语发音已经出现了显著的变化，却没有相应的拼写变化。 （3）some of the difference were created by the early scribes第三个原因是一些早期的书写员发明了一些不同。（4）the borrowings is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary最后借词来了，这是丰富英语词汇的重要途径。 （5）printing印刷已经变得非常普及。它有助于固定单词的拼写、standardization标准化使得拼写不容改变。、dictionary字典在拼写终结中得到好处。 —Old English,The speech of the time was represented very much more faithfully in writing than it is today. 古代英语中的口语比今天更忠实的代表书面语 —The written form of English is an imperfect representation of the spoken form。英语的书写是发音形式不完善的代表 4.What is vocabulary？ （1）Total number of the words in a language一个语言的单词综合 （2）Words used in a particular historical period 特殊历史时期使用的单词 （3）All the words of a dialect，a book ，a discipline...某个方言，书籍，学科中的所有单词 5.Classification of English Words：英语词汇由所有种类的词汇组成。它们可以根据不同的标 准或者不同的目的进行分类。 By use frequency:basic word stock&nonbasic vocabulary根据使用频率，单词可以分为基础词和非基础词。 By notion:content words&functional words可以根据概念分成实词和虚词