雅思口语常见错误之发音篇
雅思口语常见错误之发音篇
“Pronunciation”作为雅思口语四大评分标准之一有着举足轻重的作用。相对于流利度、连贯性、词汇和语法，评分标准中对于语音的描述是最少的，甚至九个分数段中有实质性描述的只有四个分数段，其余的分数段也都是以这四个描述为参考来评分。但是，在雅思口语考试必须与考官互动的特定模式下，发音的正确与否，标准与否，最能直接影响到考官对考生的印象和理解。不可否认的是，不论是雅思口语，还是新托福口语，只要是练习英语口语，都常常会存在很多语音问题。朗阁海外考试研究中心在此不是专门来做语音方面的研究，而是就考生们平时易犯的发音错误以及习惯性的发音错误作出总结，以便考生们能够查漏补缺，及时更正。
一、地域性发音的影响
很多地方性语言的发音常常会影响到英语语音的学习。当然，这里我们不谈汉语，不谈普通话，只说英语。这一现象体现在英语发音中最突出的当数部分考生”n”和”l”不能很好的区分。一些基本的词汇，尤其以此两个辅音开头的单词，如果发音混淆，则是全然不同的意思，如”nine”和”line”，这样势必会造成考官理解上面的问题。
如果说有时候两个辅音的互换不会产生太大理解方面的问题，但长时间不加以区分，考官听着也会不自觉地产生一种压迫感。下面是一位考生在第二部分描述自己的一位家庭成员时的话，说到她的姐姐像个假小子：… I guess you can imagine that she really looks like a boy. When she was in middle school, she cut down her long hair, started to wear large shirt and became a boyish girl… 如果就这两句话中出现的”l”，发音都换成”n”的音，考官或许能明白，但听起来却比较难受。
二、发不出的”th”
[θ]和[?]两个音标都是”th”的发音，汉语中此种发音方式的缺乏直接导致很多考生从练习口语一开始就发不出这个音。就像很多English native speakers说汉语的“谢谢[xiexie]”会发[?e?e]，是因为其中不卷舌的[x]也不存在于他们语言的发音方式中。由此许多单词也会产生意义上的区别如最常提到的”think”和”sink”，造成理解上的障碍。也有的如“with”等不阻碍大意的词，但对两个音的长期忽略同样会造成考官听觉上的不适。
三、重音错置
朗阁海外考试研究中心分析发现，许多考生在平时学习词汇的过程中很容易忽视一些细节，而重音的错置就是其中之一。有的考生在习惯了单词重音为第二个音节之后，对一些重音在单词第一个音节上的细节便视而不见了。例如雅思口语中经常谈论到
的”television”, “newspaper”，对于这样熟悉且简单的单词很多考生发出的重音仍然在
tele’vision和news’paper上。如此重音错置的例子屡见不鲜，而重音的错误往往会导致整个语句的不顺畅，听起来很别扭。
四、莫名的”r”
雅思口语考试对语音的包容性让很多考生选择了自己喜欢的美式英语，但这也意味着很多考生开始了对“儿化音”的情有独钟。”because”和“of course”并不一样，后者有”r”可以“儿化”;前者却没有，可很多考生都喜欢把它读成[bi’k?rz]。事实上，无论英式还是美式，它都发[bi’k?z]。”China”, “Christmas”, “August”, ” idea”都是很典型的例子，单词的拼写中红色标记的部分后面并没有”r”，但是考生读出来时却无端产生了”r”的音。
五、经验性判断
有的考生习惯了”nation”, “promotion”，看到”precision”, “decision”的时候觉得也应该发[??n]，但事实上这两个单词中”-sion”应该发[??n];”address”这个词大家都很熟悉了，有的考生一直读的是[?d’dres]，因为觉得里面有两个”d”，但其实正确的读音当然是[?’dres]。这只是两个简单的例子，说明自己根据经验来判断和学习新的单词的发音本身是一种不太可取的习惯。当然，事先可以做猜测，但一定要根据字典来确认自己的猜测是否正确，以便一开始学到的就是正确的发音。须知有的单词或音节看起来长得很像，但实际发音却可能有区别，所以千万不能主观臆断。错误的发音如果先入为主，到后面发现自己错了，再纠正也会相对困难了。
上述的错误发音并没有发生频率高低的统计，但肯定是考生发音中最常见的几种错误。虽然有的不会造成理解上较大的阻碍，但过多的重复性失误足以让考生们在这项评分标准中失分。对于这些发音上面所犯的错误，有的考生自己其实并没有察觉到，这就有待身边的人，或者老师，或者同学朋友给予指正。也有的考生觉得遇到某些音要么发不出来，要么自己的舌头或鼻腔就不听使唤;单词的重音一不小心就会发错，但归根到底其实是一开始就没有养成好的发音习惯，在矫正的过程中自己的练习还不足够，因此就达不到语音的流利度。朗阁海外考试研究中心建议考生，对于语音的培养一定要掌握正确的学习方法，有耐心有毅力。像[θ]和[?]的发音，并不是考生们做不到或做不到位，只是做得少，没有习惯成自然。所以只要能很好地克服从不习惯到习惯的过程中的种种困难，语音才能被彻底地纠正和标准化。
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雅思口语总论：题型介绍和评分标准 这里是知乎大学，欢迎来到「雅思课」，我是杨帅。 讲课之前，我先先做一个简单的自我介绍。我的英文名叫做Shawn，人称「九分锦鲤」。你要问了，为什么大家叫我「九分锦鲤」呢？因为我考过三次雅思口语九分，以及多次的雅思口语8.5 分。上一次参加雅思考试，我得了三个九分，听力阅读口语都是九。写作是7.5，总分8.5. 这节课，我将介绍雅思口语考试的基本信息，以及快速提升你考试能力的方法，获得高分！ 雅思口语考试的三个部分 首先说一下雅思口语考试的形式。进行口试时，有一位考官和考生相对坐着，和你进行交流，时长11 到14 分钟。口语考试总共分成三个部分。我们管这三个部分叫做part one, part two, part three，在课程中我会说道pa1、pa2、pa3 这种简单说法。 pa1 也就是第一部分,考官会问考生一些个人问题。什么是个人问题呢?这些题目完全跟考生生活相关的。比如说，考官会问到考生工作或学习的信息，work or studies；考生的家乡，考生的家，他住什么样的房子，他是否喜欢旅行，是否喜欢读书，多久做一次饭，小的时候是否学习过做饭等等等等，这样的个人生活当中的话题。
我们随便举几个例子。Pa1中，考官可能会问关于家乡的问题: Do you like your hometown? Is there anything you don’t like about it? Will you live in your hometown for the rest of your life? 如果我们考的话题是reading，考官可能会问: Do you like reading? How often do you read? What kinds of books do you like to read? Did you enjoy reading when you were a child? How much time do you spend on reading every single day? 这是pa1 比较典型的个人问题。 雅思口语考试第二部分pa2，叫做long turn. 考官会给考生一个话题。考生需要就这个话题进行一个两分钟的作答，官方说法是 1 到 2 分钟，我们尽量说到两分钟。作答前，你会有一分钟的准备时间，拿到一个题板，一个板子。在中国大陆的大部分考场，考生会拿到一个白色的板子和一根马克笔，他可以在板子上做一些笔记。中国大陆有一些考场可能给的是小纸片啊，纸条啊，一个本儿啊，不过大部分地方给的是一个白色的板子做笔记。 一分钟准备时间到，考官会指示考生开始作答。这两分钟，完全靠你自己说出去。我分享一下曾经考过的题目。上一次口语考试的题目：是Describe a tv program you like. Describe a tv program you like. 这是一个主题干，底下会有四个小点，他会说到You should say what this program is. How often you watch it ? Who you' watch it with and explain why you like watching this program？这是一道雅思口语考试题目的长相。
如何发音能提高雅思口语Pronunciation得分(上)
如何发音能提高雅思口语Pronunciation得分 （上） 大连朗阁培训中心 2001年3月，美国驻中国大使普理赫在中国人民大学就知识产权保护发表演讲。演讲过后，现场有多位大学生向其提问。在听完一位学生提问后，大使遇到了难题：“对不起，你的问题我没听懂。”当这位大学生用英语陈述完自己长达五分钟的问题之后，普理赫一脸无奈地说出了这句话。全场爆发出一阵笑声，英语翻译也是一脸茫然，同样的情况在其他同学提问时又出现了。在场的老师说：“很多同学说出来的英语是彻底的外语，不仅中国人听不懂，外国人也听不懂。” 这是2001年3月4日在《北京晚报》发表的题为“大学生讲英语，美国大使听懵了”的报道中的部分内容。这篇报道令许多读者扼腕叹息。在如此盛大的会议中，面对美国大使的演讲，敢于起立并举手提问者不仅高度自信、勇气可嘉，而且当属凤毛麟角、屈指可数的人物。然而为何他们的英文别人却听不懂呢？这个困惑不仅十年前的英语学习者们有，对于十年后如今的英语学习者来说，它仍然挥之不去。不过众多英语学习者们已经开始意识到英语语音发音的重要性。在学习的过程中将重心从词汇语法向语音发音转移，并逐渐认同 A sound corrected is better than ten words memorized。 说到英语发音，标准英语富有节奏感、韵律感。其悦耳程度如同音乐欣赏。然而为何众多英语学习者无法歌唱般地口说英语？甚至无法开口说英语？是什么阻碍了众多英语学习者发音的清晰准确？我们应当如何突破发音瓶颈、达到native speaker的境界？雅思考生们又当怎样提高，在口语考试中崭露头角？俗话说“理直气壮”，说英语也是一样，“音直”才能“气壮”。大连朗阁培训中心的专家将展现常见语音发音错误和雅思口语考试主要得分要点，讲解如何真正实现“音直气壮”。 首先来了解一下雅思口语评分标准。雅思口语考试的四个评分标准分别为语音、流利度与连贯性、词汇、语法。其中语音(Pronunciation)方面主要考察发音的地道和准确，其中包括
雅思口语中10句地道的句子
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雅思口语评分标准(官方完整版)
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表达过程中始终灵活地使用各种发音特点 听者理解毫无障碍 8 表达流利，偶尔出现重复或自我纠正的情况；出现犹豫通常是基于思考内容，仅在少数情况下是寻找合适的语言 连贯且恰当地展开话题 词汇使用丰富，运用自如及灵活，表达意思准确 熟练地使用非常见的词汇及习语，偶尔欠准确 按需进行有效的改述 灵活地使用多种语法结构 除极其偶然情况下出现的不当或简单的/非系统性错误外，大部分语句准确无误 使用多样的发音特点 表达过程中灵活地使用多种发音特点，但偶尔出现偏差 表达过程中始终易于听者理解；母语的口音对听者理解的影响极小7 表达详尽，并无明显困难，或不失连贯 有时出现与语言相关的犹豫或出现重复及/或自我纠正 具有一定灵活性地使用一系列连接词和语篇标记 灵活地使用词汇讨论各种话题 使用一些非常见的词汇及习语，对语体及词汇搭配有所认识，但有时词语选择不甚恰当
雅思口语话题卡片题目汇总 part 1
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