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英语单词形容词和副词后缀

英语单词形容词和副词后缀
英语单词形容词和副词后缀

英语单词形容词和副词后缀

1)以-d或-de结尾的动词,在对应的名词和形容词中,d通常变成s,如provide→provision,decide→decision / decisive,collide→collision,invade→invasion / invasive,ascend →ascension,等等。其中以-end结尾的动词,往往有-ent结尾的名词与之对应。如extend →extent,descend→descent,等等。2)以-ate、-ete、-ite、-ute结尾的动词,对应

的名词往往以-tion结尾,如activation、competition、expedition、institution,等等。3)以-l和-r结尾的动词,对应的名词往往以-ance或-ence结尾,如excellence、vigilance、occurrence、conference等等。4)一些常见的对应后缀:a)–acious→–acity:如sagacious →sagacityb)–ate(形容词)→–acy:如accurate→accuracyc)–al(形容词)→-ality:如mental→mentalityd)–ance、-ancy、-ence、-ency→-ant、-ent:如excellence→excellente)-cracy→-crat→-cratic:如democracy→democrat→democraticf)–fy→–faction:如satisfy→satifactiong) -graphy→-graphic→-grapher:如geography→geographic→geographerh)-ify→-ification:如certify→certificationi)–ic→-icity:如specific→specificityj)-ical→-icality:如logical→logicalityj)–ise、-ize→-isation、-ization:如improvise→improvisationk)–logy→-logical→-loger、-logist、-logian:对比astrology(astrological、astrologer)/ geology(geological、geologist)/ theology (theological、theologian)。l)-nomy→-nomic→-nomer:如astronomy→astronomic →astronomer

补充:以上的都是一些重要的规则的变化,但是由于英语受到拉丁语、希腊语、法语等的影响,很多词汇的变化是不规则的。外来语在吸纳入英语的时候,为了遵循英语发音习惯的缘故,对原词尾有所变动。这些词与派生词之间往往呈现双元音与单元音的对应关系。对比

abound→abundance / abundant,exclaim→exclamation,pronounce→pronunciation,explain→explanation,profound→profundity,等等。再附加一些词汇学课上的内容:

构成名词的后缀:

-er

-or

-ist

-ee

-ess

-ian

-ese

-ant

-ism

-ness

-(a)tion

-ment

-ion

-ing

-ship

-hood

-age

-ure

-ty

-ity

-y

-th

-al

-ance

-ence

-ful

构成形容词的后缀:-ful

-less

-ish

-ive

-ous

-able

-ible

-ic

-ant

-ly

-al

-y

-ary

-some

-like

-en

-ed

-an

构成动词的后缀:-ize

-en

-ify

构成副词的后缀:-ly

-ward

-wise

构成数词的后缀:-teen

-ty

-th

(完整word版)常见形容词词缀

常见形容词词缀 1.-able 以“-able”结尾的形容词一般有两种情况: (1)v.+able→adj. 以这种方式构成的形容词其意义为“能……的”、“可以(被)……的”、“适合于……的”、“值得……的”等,即有被动含义。例如:reliable(可以依靠的),drinkable (可以饮用的),eatable(可食用的)。 (2)n.+able→adj. 这种形容词意为“具有……特点的”,如valuable(有价值的),reasonable (有道理的),comfortable(舒适的)。 2.-ible 该词缀在意义上与“-able”相同,但主要用于拉丁语后。例如:terrible,horrible,invi sible,possible。 3.-al 该词缀大多是加在名词后形成形容词的。不过,有些“-al”后缀则仅体现了该词的形容词性,并非以这种方式构成形容词。“-al”意为“属于……的”、“有……特性的”。这类词在中学英语中颇多,如actual,general,international,medical,mental,moral,natural,official,several,special,usual。(这类形容词大部分没有比较级和最高级) 4.-an “-an”加在国名、地名之后,表明是相应的形容词,如American,African。 5.-ian “-ian”与“-an”相同。例如:Asian,Australian,Canadian,Indian,Italian。 6.-ant “-ant”表示“……性的”。带“-ant”后缀的形容词其相应名词往往是-ance或-ancy 后缀。例如:instant(instance),distant(distance),important(importance),brilliant(brilliancy),consta nt(constancy),pleasant。 7.-ent “-ent”与“-ant”非常相似。例如:absent(absence),different(difference),excelle nt(excellence),patient(patience),present(presence). 8.-ar “-ar”意为“……的”、“……性的”,如popular,particular,regular。 9.-ary “-ary”意为“……的”、“与……有关的”。例如:contrary,necessary,ordinary,prim ary,revolutionary。 10.-ed “-ed”加在动词之后形成形容词。实际上该形容词是由原动词的过去分词演变而来的,因此它有被动含义。这种形容词在中学英语中出现很多,有connected,discouraged,disappointed,engaged,exc ited,interested,limited,married,pleased,tired,united,used(习惯的),worried,wounded。 “-ed”也可加在动词之后形成复合形容词,如man-made,water-covered。 “-ed”还可加在名词之后形成复合形容词,如warm-hearted,warm-blooded,three-legged。11.-en “-en”有两种情况: (1)“-en”跟在一些物质名词之后构成形容词,表示“材料”或“质地”,如wooden,golden,earthe n。 (2)“-en”也可加在一些不规则动词之后形成形容词。这些形容词实际上是由过去分词转换而来的。例如:spoken,written,stricken,mistaken。 12.-ern “-ern”加在表示方位的名词之后,表示“……(方位)的”。这样的词有eastern,sout hern,western,northern等。 13.-ese “-ese”加在国名、地名之后构成相应形容词。例如:Chinese,Japanese. 14.-ful 这一后缀有两种情况: (1)加在名词之后构成形容词,表示“充满……的”、“有……性质的”,如beautiful,colourful,he lpful,powerful,successful,useful,wonderful。 (2)加在动词之后,所构成的形容词意为“易于……的”,如forgetful。 15.-ic “-ic”常常加在名词或依附于词干后,构成形容词,意为“……的”、“……似的”、

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