cloze

了解四六级完型填空特点

大学英语四六级考试也采用完形填空（Cloze），它采用的完形填空题是：“在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文（约200词）内留有20个空白，每个空白为一题，每题有四个选择项，要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案，使短文的意义和结构恢复完整，考试时间15分钟”。

1．这项考试首先是测试考生对篇章的理解能力。

虽然所给出的文章被抽去了20个词，但是整篇文章的内容仍是可以理解的。

考生在作题时最好将全文通读一下，了解了全文的意识以后在作题。

2．这项考试还测试考生使用词汇和语法结构的能力。

中国学习联盟纲规定：“填空的词项包括结构词和实义词”。结构词（也称虚词，有代词、冠词、介词、连词、关系词等）主要是表示语法结构关系的，在选用结构词时便需要考虑在语法上是否恰当。对实义词（名词、形容词、数词、动词和副词）的选择既要看其意思用在句中是否得当，也要看它与其他词的搭配关系是否合适。

3．首句一般没有空格.

对于首句应该给与足够的重视，因为往往它就是中心句或是引导句，它的时态往往决定了全文的时态，所以多花一点时间看首句是值得的。

英语四六级完形填空备考三要点

一、词汇

完形填空所涉及的词汇题主要考查难词识别、近义词辨析和形近易混词的辨析。

难词辨析指的是四个选项设置为没有相互联系的难词，仅仅考查考生对难词词义的识别,只要你认识，就做的出来，不认识，就束手无策。例如：

【例一】A young scientist named Raymond Kurzweil has now designed a computer which is a major _____ in providing air to the sightless. （2005.6）

A. execution

B. distinction

C. breakthrough

D. process

【例二】Y ou can use a special light device to provide the necessary light ___ for a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working. （1999.6）

A. agitation

B. spur

C. acceleration

D. stimulus

【例三】It is actually caused by ____ of your “body clock”----a small cluster of brain cells that control the timing of biological function. （1999.6）

A. rupture

B. corruption

C. eruption

D. disruption

二、搭配

完形填空要求将不健全的短文恢复为语义和结构都完整的一个语篇。而连接语篇的有短语本身的搭配和篇章结构的逻辑。固定短语的搭配构建了句子的完整和准确性，上下文的逻辑衔接构建了文章的整体脉络。逻辑将在第三点中单独阐述。

【例四】On this ____the US government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools. （2001.1） A. circumstance B. occasion C. case D. situation

under this circumstance, on this occasion, in this case, in this situation

【例五】Federal, State and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control ___ the day nurseries,……（2001.1）

A. over

B. in

C. at

D. about

完形填空本身就是一种逻辑测试，在考题中，逻辑的考点主要考查句子与句子的衔接，以及篇章整体的结构一致性和协调性。逻辑关系最明显的标志就是逻辑衔接词,而六级上下句逻辑衔接考题以因果和转折为主.例如：

【例六】____ the number of nurseries in the US also rise sharply, this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. （2001.1）

A. Because

B. As

C. Since

D. Although

同时，文中某些词汇也隐含着特殊的逻辑，通过这些暗示，我们可以找到正确答案，以保证上下文内容的一致和协调性,例如：

【例七】The study’s director ____ that “interactive leadership may emerge as the management style if choice for many organizations.”

A. defied

B. predicted

C. diagnosed

D. proclaimed

做四六级完型填空的步骤

要做好完形填空，必须要在通读全文、把握结构与大意的前提下，根据所提供的选项及句子的结构、语法、语篇等信息，通过逻辑推理、对比等手段最后确定答案。根据完形填空这一测试特点，应采取以下五个步骤逐一进行。

※步骤一、了解大意

通读整篇文章，弄清文章的大意和结构，确立正确的背景知识。考生在第一遍阅读中，要善于从文章开头的几句话中把握短文的背景、主题或结构，并结合常识判断构建一定的预期，并在随后的阅读中，不断修正，以求与原文一致。通常情况下，文章开头的一、两句话都是完整的信息，这些句子揭示文章的背景知识或主题思想，考生在阅读中一定要仔细研读，为后面的阅读扫清障碍。

※步骤二，初选答案

文章读完了，了解大意后，考生便可以开始填空了。在填每个空格时，可以从出题者的出题思路着手，初步作出每个题的答案。总的来说，出题人有以下六种出思路。

1.词义与词形的辨析

选项与选项之间构成同义词、反义词、形近词的关系。有时出题者也借助选项，考察考生对某些单词词义的精确理解。举例：

Geographers compare and contrast 71 places on the earth.

A) similar B) various C) distant D) famous

译文：地理学家比较和对照地球上的地方。

出题者精心设计只为考察compare和contrast的精确含义。

2. 逻辑关系

所填空格的句子，与上下文构成指代、列举、因果、比较、对比、让步、补充、递进等逻辑关系。

The foreign research scholar usually isolates himself in the laboratory as a means of protection;

72 , what he needs is to be fitted into a highly organized university system…

72A) otherwise B) moreover C) however D) also

3. 结构识别

这里讲到的结构，是指英文中表祯句子结构的固定词组，如not only…but…, as well, some…the others…, still others…等。

这里的固定搭配，是指动词与名词之间的搭配。如：同样是“利用……”, 却有不同的搭配take advantage of sth. /make use of sth.

5. 动词的用法。

考生应从动词的时态、语态（被动语态和主动语态）以及非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）几个角度逐一考虑。

6. 介词的用法.

介词的用法中多考察介词与名词、介词与形容词及及介词与动词的搭配和用法。

★除了按照以上六种思路从正面逐一解题外，还可以灵活多变地从反面入手，利用排除法获得正确答案。特别是在考察关联词的测试中，利用一种叫“同性元素排除法”的方法能够快速地缩小可选范围，找到正确答案。

例如：

“In the United States professors have many other duties86 teaching, such as administrative or research work . 87 ,the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is li mited.”

86. A) but B) except C) with D) besides

87. A) However B)Therefore C) Furthermore D) Nevertheless

※步骤三，寻找线索步

完形填空不同于句子与结构，必须要从整篇文章入手，通篇考虑，结合上下文答案，寻找线索就秉诚了这一思想。“寻找线索“不仅可以考察考生的语言知识，而且更强调对文章内容的整体把握。

※步骤四，回头补缺

※步骤五，核实答案

★综上所述，以上这五个步骤在整个完形填空的做题过程中缺一不可。对文章大意的了解是前提条件，答案的初选是做题的核心，在这一过程中，除了逻辑关系以外，其余5种出题思路更主要的是针对考生平时的积累和记忆的程度，考察考生的语言功底。再次提醒广大考生，完形填空的成功离不开对篇章的整体把握，孤立地、片面地看问题，终会使你失望而归。

四六级完型填空做题技巧

1.利用文章中心主题句解题方法--利用段首句或首段最大限度地获取信息。

2.分析认识文章结构，理解领会文章各部分、各层次之间的逻辑关系。

3.利用上下文寻找解题信息

4.运用词汇、语法等方面的语言知识及搭配关系解题方法

5.运用排除法解题方法

6. 运用背景知识和社会常识解题方法

大学英语4课后cloze及翻译原题带答案整理完整清晰

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研究生英语-cloze及答案

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大学英语cloze翻译

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Translation 1). Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.多贝蒂先生和他的家人目前正在农场忙于秋收。（be engaged in doing in） 2). We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.我们不能低估敌人，他们装备了最先进的武器。（underestimate，equip） 3). Having been out of job/Not having had a job for 3 months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.菲尔已经三个月没有找到工作了，正变得越来越绝望。（desperate） 4). Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.作为项目经理，山姆办事果断，工作效率高，且判断准确。（efficient，decisive） 5). Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of pollution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.既然已经证实这家化工厂是污染源，村委会约定将其关闭，为此损失了一百个工作岗位。（at the cost of） Passage Translation The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy at night and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. Lucky enough, thanks to the severely cold weather which made the marshland freeze over, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.攻势已经持续了 三天，但是我们并没有取得多少进展。师长命令我们营夜晚绕道敌人后方发起突然袭击。然而，要绕道敌人后方，我们必须越过一片沼泽地。我们很多人担心会陷入泥潭之中。我们营长决定冒一下险。所幸由于寒冷天气沼泽地都结上冰，我们于天亮前到达目的地并从敌人后方发起进攻。这一下扭转了战局。地人敌人没有戒备，不久便投降了。 Unit2. Cloze 1 Hello,Welcome to your new car .I am your onboard 1) computerized driving system. From the moment you 2) start up the car ,I will 3) be poised

全新版大学英语综合教程2unit6 选词填空cloze(中文翻译)

1) Strictly speaking,he is not a southerner. His biography reveals that, though born in the south, he spent a good part of his childhood years in New England. 严格地说，他不是一个南方人。他的传记显示，虽然他出生在南方，他度过了他的童年在英格兰。 2)Right after the Spring Festival, millions of young people drifted from the countryside to the cities to look for work and explore the world. 3)春节之后，成千上万的年轻人离开农村到城市寻找工作和探索世界。 3) It is obvious that Tom resembles his father both in appearance and in character. 很明显，汤姆和他的父亲在外貌和性格上都很像。 4) There is clear evidence that Japan committed many serious crimes against the Chinese people when it invaded China during the Second World War. 有明确的证据表明，在二战侵略中国期间，日本对中国人民犯下了许多严重罪行。 5)Medical scientists expect it will be many years before cancer is conquered. 医学科学家们期望过很多年癌症会被征服。 6)The novel has a fascinating plot. This explains why it has remained number one on the best-seller list for so long. 这部小说有引人入胜的情节。这解释了为什么它很长时间一直保持第一在畅销名单。 7)He must have been very busy these days. He does not go out for lunch but eats a snack in the office. 他这几天一直很忙。他不去吃午饭，而在办公室吃零食。 8) To settle the controversy, we have to put all these different theories into practice to see which one works better. 为了解决争议，我们必须把这些不同的理论付诸于实践，看哪一个更好。 9) The information is supposed to have come from a reliable source. 信息应该是来自可靠的来源 10) We rarely have such terrible weather. The climate here is usually very mild and everything thrives in this region. 我们很少有这样的坏天气。这里的气候通常是非常温和的，一切在这个地区都很繁荣。 11) People felt relieved when the invaders finally put down their arms and surrendered. 当侵略者终于放下武器投降了，人们感到放松了。 12) Our suspicions were first aroused when the two other parties made a deal behind our backs. 当其他双方已在我们背后交易，我们首先起了疑心。 A fascinating feature of the English language is its tolerance of new words and phrases,

全新版大学英语第二版第三册课后重点答案cloze_翻译中英文

1) Jim Doherty may not be a born farmer , but he gets buy without too much trouble. Not that he has had it easy. That first hard winter he faced must have left him with the temptation to give up and go back to the city. But he managed to get through it without losing heart. He’s picked up a lot of skills since then and made some real improvements to his farm, though without much laborsaving machinery aside from that old rotary cultivator. I suspect he doesn’t make all that much, though he does have his writing to supplement what little profit he makes from the farm. I guess he does it primarily for the quality of life. Certainly, they seem a happy family and you can often see them out working together, one day spraying apple trees, the next stacking firewood. 2) The underground Railroad was forged by the efforts of those who were prepared to fight against slavery and stand up for the long-suffering Southern black Americans. Some of those who helped to transport slaves to the north and freedom were former slaves themselves. Others felt compelled to take part because of their deeply held convictions . For many of those involved, liberating the slaves from those who exploited them because a mission . While their eventual goal was to abolish slavery completely, in the meantime they were intent on helping to free as many slaves as possible, often at considerable risk . In the eyes of slave owners, they were dangerous enemies and frequently received death threats 3) Statistics show that crime in rural areas is now rising faster than in the cities. The era when the countryside stood for safety and secutity has long gong. No longer is it safe anywhere to go out leaving the door on the latch . We all feel vnlnerable and seek to strengthen the barriers we use to hold criminals at bay . These can range from old fashioned bolts and bars to the latest electronic devices. A moment’s reflection ,however ,is enough to bring us face to face with the following puzzle : we may have locked the evils out,but in doing so we have locked ourselves in . this hardly seems a civilized way of life. 5) Alex Haley was at sea when he started thinking how best he could mark Thanksgiving . Turning over the meaning of the holiday in his mind , he came to reverse the order of the words and go to thinking about giving thanks . How , he wondered , could he repay those who had been so helpful to him in the past ? It seemde to him that the best way he could express his gratitude would be to write to them . For too long he had gone about without troubling to tell them how much he appreciated all that they had done for him . Before long he had assembled pen and paper and was immersed in writing . Not long after the ship reached port , unloading its cargo together with his letters . The replies were not swift in arriving , but when they did , he found them deeply moving . （1）I suspect not everyone who loves the country would be happy living the way we do. It takes a couple of special qualities. One is a tolerance for solitude. Because we are so busy and on such a tight budget, we don't entertain much. During the growing season there is no time for socializing anyway. Jim and Emily are involved in school activities, but they too spend most of their time at home. The other requirement is energy -- a lot of it. The way to make self-sufficiency work on a small scale is to resist the temptation to buy a tractor and other expensive laborsaving devices. Instead, you do the work yourself. The only machinery we own (not counting the lawn mower) is a little three-horsepower rotary cultivator and a 16-inch chain saw. Yet this stop was only part of a much larger mission for me. Josiah Henson is but one name on a