专八mini-lecture、口译中可用到的缩写及符号

Abbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.

Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency

Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department

Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism

Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative

Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.

assoc = associate biol = biology info = information

ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro = introduction conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetition

Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.

ppd = prepared prblm = problem estmt = estimate bkgd = background gvt = government Use an apostrophe in place of letters. am't = amount cont'd = continued gov't = government educat'l = educational

Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. chpts = chapters egs = examples fs = frequencies intros = introductions

Use g to represent ing endings. ckg = checking estg = establishing

decrg = decreasing exptg = experimenting

Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.

Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.

Leave out unimportant words. Leave out the words a and the.

If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter. Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words. & = and w/ = with w/o = without vs = against \ = therefore = = is or equal

Use technical symbols where applicable. zb = German, for example ibid = Latin, the same work o = degrees H2O = water

More reference: Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:

+ plus // parallel Use standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples: eg example IT dept Information Technology department UK United Kingdom Use only the first syllable of a word. Examples: mar marketing cus customer cli client Use the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples: subj subject budg budget ind individual To distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples: tech'gy technology gen'ion generalisation del'y delivery Use just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:

assoc associated ach achievement info information Omit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples: bkgd background mvmt movement prblm problem Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples: custs customers

fs frequencies /s ratios Use 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples: decrg decreasing ckg checking estblg establishing Spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples: in

but

as

key

Leave out unimportant verbs. Examples: is

was

were

Leave out unnecessary articles. Examples: a

an

the

If a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:

January Advertising Campaign Budget JACB Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples: @ at 2 to 4 for & and w/ with w/o without vs against

Create your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects. Other Symbols and Abbreviations as a result of / consequences of <---> resulting in ---> and / also + equal to / same as = following ff most importantly * less than < greater than > especially esp/

关于缩略词

备战考试，快乐学习：2010年口译备考小组等你来参加>>

一、缩略词

英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。

缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：F拿掉所有元音MKT: market MGR: manager MSG: message STD: standard RCV: receive F保留前几个字母INFO information INS insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOU

In stead of I/O F保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK week RM room PL people F根据发音R are THO though THRU through

高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表

缩略词原词APT Apartment ACC Accountant ACDG According ACPT Accept AD Advertisement ADS Address ADV Advice AMAP As much/many as possible AMT Amount APV Approve ASAP As soon as possible BAL BalancebrBLDG Building CERT Certificate CFM Conform CNCL Cancel

CNF Conference CMI Commission CMP Complete CMPE Compete/competitive CMU Communication CONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND Condition CO. Company DEPT Department DISC Discount DPT Departure EXCH Exchange EXPLN Explain EXT Extent FLT Flight FNT Final FRT Freight FYR For your reference GD Good GUAR Guarantee H.O. Home office INFO Information IMPS Impossible

IMP(T Important INCD Include INDIV Individual INS Insurance INTST Interested I/O In stead of IOU I owe you IVO In view of MANUF Manufacture MDL Model MEMO Memorandum MGR Manger MIN Minimum MKT Market MSG Message NCRY Necessary NLT No later than OBS Observe OBT Obtain ORD Ordinary PAT Patent PC Piece PKG Packing PL People

PLS Please POSN Position POSS(BL Possible PROD Product QLTY Quality QUTY Quantity RCV Receive REF Reference REGL Regular REP Representative RESN Reservation RPT Repeat RESPON Responsible SEC Section SITN Situation STD Standard TEL Telephone TEMP Temporary TGM Telegraph THO Though TKS Thanks TRD Trade TRF Traffic

TTL Total U You UR Your WK Week WL Will WT Weight XL Extra large

关于字母和图像

备战考试，快乐学习：2010年口译备考小组等你来参加>>

二、字母、图像

Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如：日本人：JZ。

C 表示政府，统治：government，govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。governmental official 可以表示为CZ

P 表示政治：politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。那么politician就可以表示为PZ

E 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。

G 表示效率：efficient, effective。G为效率符号。

Q 表示"通货膨胀"：inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。

A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。

B 表示商业：business。

C× 表示冲突，矛盾：conflict， confrontati on "C×"中的"×"表示反对，字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和confrontation。

W 表示工作，职业: work, employ 等。它是work的第一个字母。所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee。

i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。

U U 看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议（treaty, agreement）一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺"。如果在U内填入2×××× ：venture 冒险；投机risk; danger; adventurous adj.喜欢冒险的；充满危险的

airplane ;n. trilateral(三边的。填入在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism（单边主义），填入m

(multiple 表示多边主义。如果在U

disappoint ;v. 失望；泄气；

O 表示"国家"、"民族"、"领土"等：debate discuss;表示进口，

brave ;adj. 勇敢的；近义chairman, host, etc.

care about担心；关心care for 喜欢;

CT

⊙圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一点表示一盆花，这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等：meeting，

conference， negotiation，

compass ;n. 罗盘；指南针;这个符号看上像条鱼，所以表示"捕鱼业"等合fishery 有关的词汇。

O

deserted

J 表示开心：pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, etc.

L ：desert 沙漠； dessert甜点；drop sb a line给某人写信（通常指写短信）

e-pal； ;n. 网友；联想：pale苍白的; e-friend；

error ；n. 错误；差错；false adj. 错误的；fault n.错误false; incorrect不正确的

feeling ；n. 触觉；知觉；感觉；情绪；

近义emotion ;feel箭头

g 表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.

表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.

表示屈服：submit to

f 表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.

表示追溯到：come/go back to，originate

h 表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，;n. 炮；枪;联想: run; fun;open, start, etc.

表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen， promote, etc

表示"波折"：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.

四、数学符号

beautiful; pretty; smart

honest； adj. 诚实的；正直的++(+2 表示"多"的比较级：more

+3 表示"多"的最高级：most

hunt for 搜寻；追寻；寻找look/ search for

in order to 为了; 比较: so as to ,

lie ;n./v. 谎话；谎言；形近lie; pie; (lied；lied ; lay；lain躺;

loyal ;adj. 忠诚的；忠心的；联想loyalty; ;n.忠诚；loyalist；忠臣；match; ;n. 火柴;比赛 ; 形近march 前进

mirror; ;n. "少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.

×表示"错误"、graph; separate; character

rope; n. 绳；索；形近; hope; telescope 望远镜;

saw； ;n. 锯; see

scared； ;n. 恐惧的；联想：scar; scarf 围巾; share，notorious，negative, etc.

> 表示"多于"概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.

表示"

smart； ;adj. 聪明的；漂亮的；敏捷的; 词中词art; mart=market 市场solutionless/smaller，etc.

表示"低"概念：inferior to，etc.

= 表示"同等 "联想：row （划船）n.行；排 sad ;arrow 箭

speech； vt.& vi. 表示"

联想：speak； pronunciation ;lecture不同"概念：be different from, etc.

表示"无敌"概念：matchless, peerless, etc.

～表示"大约"概念：about/around，or so， approximately, etc.

/ 表示"否定"，"消除"等概念：英明的；明智的；聪明的；

classical;古典的；标点等

: 表示各种各样"说

二

a great many 许许多多；极多(修饰可数名词；"复习question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw? . (dot 这个"."

bring in；引进；引来; bring together带来；聚集 ;

broad; ;adj. 宽的；助记：“宽的路”；"wk."

∧

closet；;n.√ 表示"好的"状态，right/good，famous/well-known，etc.

表示"同意"状态，stand up for，support， agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc.

☆表示"重要的"状态：important，exemplary（模范的） best，outstanding，brilliant，etc. n 表示"交流"状态：exchange，mutual, etc.

& 表示"指挥；控制; man

：and，together with，along with，accompany，along with，further more联想：communication；n.交流；通讯；通信

compare vt. 比较；联想：contrast 对比

;词中词pare 削皮；剥去；prepare；

cookbook； n.简写为 o 例如：technician techo

-ing 简写为 g 例如：marketing (市场营销

end up with 以-ed 简写为 d 例如：accepted acptd

-able/ible/ble 简写为 bl 例如：available avbl

-ment 简写为 mt 例如：amendment amdmt

-ize 简写为 z 例如：recognize regz

-ful 简写为 fl 例如：meaningful mnfl

口译笔记常用符号

口译笔记法常用符号

inquiry, interrogate, ask, mystery,…？问题；question, problem, … ！危险，警告，当心，值得注意的是；dangerous, warning, alarm, watch out, of course °人，人民，伙伴，朋友；people, partner, … ?信息，消息，情报；information, message, intelligence, … 删除，废除，放弃；delete, discard, give up, …?贸易，交换，交流，关于，关联，替代；trade, exchange, communication, relationship __ 这个，强调；emphasize a certain word/ phrase. …继续，持续，不断的，长期的，各种各样的，多的；more, continuous, … => 加强，推动，促进；enhance, promote, … × # 不仅；not only, … & 和，而且；and… ＠关于；about e.g . 例如，比如；for example, such as, … （三）图形符号 ?高兴，激动；happy, pleased, excited, … ?失望，不满意，生气；unhappy, unsatisfied, angry, … 会议，聚会；conference, symposium, convention, session, forum, seminar, council, congress, meeting, assembly, gathering, committee,

口译笔记速记符号归总

口译笔记速记符号归总 一、做口译笔记时的注意事项 1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。 2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。 3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。 4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语，例如：cf（compare），Co（company），eg（for example），etc（and so on），esp（especially），ie（that is），max（maximum），min（minimum），ref（reference），std（standard），usu（usually），等。 二、常用速记符号 速记是一项特殊的技巧，速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。在口译实践中逐步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的。 口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。 人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。顾名思义，短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆，长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。即便是当感知的信息有意义时，人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子，或者一组十位数的数字。因此，对于口译工作者来说，完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的，记笔记便显得十分重要。 in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics

最全口译笔记符号.doc

笔记符号 一．图形符号 □State, kingdom, country, nation, national, federal △City, metropolis, cosmopolis, metropolitan, urban, municipal ▽Village, farm, outskirt, countryside, suburban, rural areas °右上角：人 右下角：地方、地名、机构 ^ 领导，监督；顶点，顶级，最 Lead, supervise, head, peak, top, supreme, utmost, maximum, climax △°Citizen, urban residents, urban inhabitants ▽°Farmer, peasant, rancher, agriculturist Universal, worldwide, international, transnational, global, transcontinental, all over the world, across bounderies □ s 多国，其他国家 other countries □ e 国民经济 national economy Domestic, native, internal, interior, at home Foreign, overseas, abroad, alien, exotic, out of the country, beyond seas, in ther foreign land In and out of the country, at home and abroad 进口 出口 进出口 飞°飞行员 飞。飞机场 中°中国人 广。广场 e°经济学家 e。经济实体 economic entity f。金融机构 financial institution ^°Boss, leader, chairman, ruler, chief, manager, president, majesty, governor, director, supervisor, monitor □^°国家领导人，政府首脑 state leader 宏观调控 macro-control 首都 capital city

实用口译笔记符号(完美打印版)

实用口译笔记符号 一. 地名简写 原词速记符号原词速记符号Korea K Sweden SD Switzerland SW 东西南北中等方位“|－” the Republic of Korea(南 朝鲜) ROK “K” the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea（北朝鲜） DPRK “_K” Eastern Germany (东德) “G|”Western Europe（西欧）“|EU” 二. 货币简写 原词速记符号原词速记符号Sterling/pound ￡US dollar $ Renminbi/RMB ￥Australian dollars #A Austrian schillings Sch Canadian dollars Can$ Eurodollar €New Zealanddollars NZ$ Japanese yen 円 三．时间简写 原词速记符号原词速记符号 hour hr minute ’ second ’’morning m afternoon a evening/night/tonight n today d yesterday .d the day before yesterday ”d tomorrow d’the day after tomorrow d’ ’day by day/everyday dd last night ’n next morning m’ this week w the week before last ”w Monday 1w Tuesday 2w Wednesday 3w Thursday 4w Friday 5w Saturday 6w Sunday 7w this month m January 1m February 2m March 3m April 4m

口译笔记符号及数字口译

口译笔记符号及数字口译 在口译第一阶段考试过程中，听力部分的句子听译和段落听译是难点，这一部分成功与否很大程度上取决于考生对听到的信息进行记录的能力。对考生来说，“脑记”和“笔记”缺一不可，考生听的时候应该把注意力集中在理解和抓要点上，以脑记为主，笔记为辅。 听译部分笔记记要点是关键，而不应该盲目追求“全”。考试对考生的要求是准确传达所听到内容的最基本的、实质性的内容，这就需要考生集中精力抓住并记下关键的词和意群。我们无需也不可能采取听写的方法，整句整段地记录源语信息。笔记记得太多反而会影响对于源语整体的理解。 下面是一些常用的笔记符号，在新世界的口译课堂都会给学生练习到，这里总结出来供更多学生参考使用。 1.缩略(Abbreviations) AMAP——尽可能多（as much as possible） APEC——亚太经合组织 ASAP——尽快（as soon as possible） ASEAN——东盟 B.A.——文学士 B.C.——公元前 B.S.——理学士 CPC——中国共产党 DEPT——系；部门 e.g.——例如 esp.——尤其是 FIE——外资企业 H.Q.——总部 ID——身份；身份证 IOU——欠条

org——组织 Ph.D.——博士 EU——欧盟 UN——联合国 V.P.——副主席 2.数学符号（Mathematical Symbols） + 可以表示“增加”，“另外”，“除此以外”，还可表示“正确”或“好”。 －可以表示“减去”，“少”，或者“差”等。 ×可以表示“错误”，“坏的”，“不好”，“不对”。 ＞可以表示“大于”，“超过”，“比……好”。 ＜可以表示“小于”，“不如”，“比……差”。 ＝可以表示“等于”，“相当于”，“意味着”。 ≠可以表示“不等于”，“不是这个意思”，“不是……的对手”。 ∵可以表示“因为”，“由于”。 ∴可以表示“所以”，“因而”，“因此”。 3.箭头符号（Arrow Symbols） ↑可以表示“上升”，“发展”，“加强”，“改善”，“发射”，“提拔”，“晋升”。 ↓可以表示“下降”，“衰退”，“下跌”，“恶化”。 ←可以表示“来自”，“来源”，“进口”，“回归”。 →可以表示“到达”，“出口”，“前往”，“派遣”，“发送”，“导致某个结果”。 4.标点符号（Punctuation Marks） ：可以表示“说”，“认为”，“宣称”，“声明”，“抗议”。 ？可以表示“问题”，“疑问”，“问”。

国外口译笔记符号图例

国外口译笔记符号图例

国外口译笔记符号图例consequences development relations agriculture agreement environment role energy success trade problem politics repression democracy impact work country money meeting inflation industry deficit surplus

look forward change to want to need know continue decide join propose listen/hear lead to, say cause promise attack agree thanks on the always

one hand (toujours in French) ...on the other hand until on behalf of from that time on as opposed to before recently more than/less than all any now similar end start

Organic symbols When we talk about ORGANIC SYMBOLS we mean simply that one symbol is taken as the root for several related symbols. The most obvious example is the underlining... You can underline any symbol to add emphasis big .. (i) You can also double underline, draw a squiggly line or a dotted line underneath a symbol or word denote differing degrees of emphasis or certainty.... There is a system for noting verbs that ties in with this idea....

口译符号总结

口译符号 一、 缩略词 英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。缩略词的写法一般为四种方式： F拿掉所有元音 MKT: market MGR: manager MSG: message STD: standard RCV: receive F保留前几个字母 INFO ： information INS ： insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOU In stead of I/O F保留开头和结尾个发音字母 WK： week RM： room PL： people F根据发音 R ：are THO： though THRU： through 高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表 缩略词 原词 APT ：Apartment ACC： Accountant ACDG ：According ACPT: Accept AD ：Advertisement ADS ：Address ADV： Advice AMAP ：As much/many as possible

AMT： Amount APV ：Approve ASAP ：As soon as possible BAL ：Balance BLDG ：Building CERT Certificate CFM ：Conform CNCL ：Cancel CNF： Conference CMI ：Commission CMP ：Complete CMPE ：Compete/competitive CMU ：Communication CONC ：Concern/concerning/concerned COND ：Condition CO. ：Company DEPT： Department DISC ：Departure EXCH： Exchange EXPLN： Explain EXT： Extent FLT ：Final FRT： Freight FYR ：For your reference GD ：Good GUAR ：Guarantee H.O. Home office INFO ：Information IMPS ：Impossible IMP(T)： Important INCD ：Include INDIV ：Individual INS： Insurance INTST ：Interested I/O ：In stead of IOU ：I owe you IVO： In view of

口译笔记常用符号

4.3.2 口译笔记常用符号 在学会了对原语进行逻辑和思维路线再现之后，用适当的符号替换逻辑或者思维再现图中的部分文字，实际上就是口译笔记了，当然在真实的口译实践中，笔记还可以更进一步地简化。相当多的口译初学者觉得口译员使用的符号很神秘，看起来像天书一样，进而“神话”口译员的工作。其实口译员使用的符号主要来自于原语、译入语，小部分借用了速记符号。现在我们看看口译员常用的符号来源： 4.3.2.1 汉字、汉字偏旁部首、古汉语、简化汉字、拼音 大university, adult, generous, open-minded, large-size… 中middle school, medium-sized, intermediate, in the middle of, neutral,… 小primary (elementary), kid, children, mean, petty,… 凝聚ningju或者nju 饕餮taotie或者ttie “戈”可以用来代替“武器” 偏旁部首举例： 简化汉字举例： 4.3.2.2 英语、英语字母 英语单词的缩写规律：保留单词的辅音，去除元音，当然首字母是元音必须保留。一般保留三至五个辅音就可以帮助回忆整个单词，例如： impoverishment: impvr

debility: dblt rejuvenate: rjvn department: dpt standard: std reference: rfr 口译学习者还需要记住常用国际组织、专用名词、国家名及其首都名的缩写，例如： UN, UNESCO, NATO, APEC, OPEC, … Intellectual property protection: IPP NK, SK, CN, US, UK… 口译学习者还可以自己开动脑筋，充分发挥自己的创造性和想象力，开发出简介实用的笔记符号，下面以英文大写字母为例，看看如何创造性地在笔记中使用这些大写字母： A: first, top, excellent, extraordinary, outstanding, remarkable, unusual E: eyesight, economy, economic, economical, electronic, East F: failure, false, wrong, not true, full, flag G: government, God H: health, help, support, connect, bridge, cross, Hour I: I / we, my (our) party, eye L: long, lengthen, prolong M: money, mail, mother, mountain, movement, McDonald, man, May, Member (ship), mm… N: nose, nation, name, nothing, no, negation, deny, need, necessary, North O: zero, circle, old, orange, our, one, empty, world, all, success, complete P: pm, peace, park, pay, politics, people, perfect, president, prime minister, head, flagship Q: quality, quantity, quarter, question, cute, balloon, head, suspect, doubt, unknown, difficulty R: respect, representative, request, about, relations, return S: smile, snake, turns and twists, society, social, silence, curve, slim T: time, tea, cross-disciplinary, compound, T-shirt, T-stage, disagreement, dispute, disapproval U: you (your party), pitfall, trap, recycle, cycle, return, valley V: victory, triumph, vs, valley, bottom, tip W: west, western, wave, fluctuate, ups and downs X: X-ray, XL, wrong, negation, cross, times, execute, kill Y: why, year, yes, approve, agree, young, deviate, tree, servant Z: zero, zoo, last, zigzag, turns and twists, dream, sleep (comic strip) 从以上例子可以看出，我们可以从拼写、发音以及字母的结构等方面来进行联想，在笔记中创造性地使用这些符号。 4.3.2.3 箭头 箭头在口译笔记中的使用可以毫不夸张地说“占了半壁江山”，首先动词的位置往往由右箭头代替。下面看看箭头的用法：

口译笔记法符号汇总(超级全面)

一、地名简写 高级口译听力部分要求考生准确拼写出主要国家的名称和首都。如果要把每个国家的名称完整的记录下来．会很费时间。因此，常用国名的记录方法应常记心中，比如K=Korea, SD= Sweden, SW=Switzerland等等。有时还可以借助“|－”来表示东、西、南、北、中等方位。例如：the Republic of Korea(ROK，南朝鲜)，表示为“－K”; 相应的the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea（DPRK，北朝鲜）, 就可以表示为“K－”,Central London,表示为LD。Western Europe （西欧）表示为“|EU”，Eastern Germany (东德)表示为“G|”。 练习：Eastern Europe, South Africa, North China, Western Germany, South Asia，Central Ital 二、缩略词 英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。 缩略词的写法一般为四种方式： （一）拿掉所有元音 MKT: market MGR: manager MSG: message STD: standard RCV: receive （二）保留前几个字母 INFO information INS insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOU In stead of I/O （三）保留开头和结尾个发音字母 WK week RM room PL people （四）根据发音 R are THO though

口译笔记+图例和符号

口译笔记图例和符号 Note taking 1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro = introduction conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetition Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word. ppd = prepared

常用速记符号(很有专业气质的口译自我训练资料)

常用速记符号 大于＞ 小于＜ 小于或等于? 大于或等于? 等于、意味着= 不等于≠ 约等于≈ 遗憾、悲哀; 高兴、荣兴( 错误、否、不、否定×正确、对、好、肯定√不同意N 同意Y 上升、增加↑ 下降、减少↓ 强、好＋ 更强、更好＋＋ 弱、差－ 更弱、更差―― 因为∵ 所以∴ 优秀★ 属于? 胜利V 问题、疑问？ 和、与＆ 结论是=＞ 促进、发展↗ 国家□ 国与国□/□ 原因← 导致、结果→ 对立、冲突>< 波折＜＜ 会议、会面⊙ 进入∩ 接触、交往∞ 分歧⊥ 非常、十分重要** 坚持≡

关键！ 奇观! 有关@ 替换为∽ 但是‖ 与……比较而言∥ 空洞○ 代表△ 口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。 人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。顾名思义，短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆，长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。即便是当感知的信息有意义时，人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子，或者一组十位数的数字。因此，对于口译工作者来说，完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的，记笔记便显得十分重要。 一、做口译笔记时的注意事项 1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。 2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。 3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。 4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语，例如：cf(compare), Co(company), eg(for example), etc(and so on), esp(especially), ie(that is), max(maximum), min(minimum), ref(reference), std(standard), usu(usually),等。 二、常用速记符号 速记是一项特殊的技巧，速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。在口译实践中逐步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的 口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。 人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。顾名思义，短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆，长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。即便是当感知的信息有意义时，人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子，或者一组十位数的数字。因此，对于口译工作者来说，完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的，记笔记便显得十分重要。 口译的过程中，译者会遭遇许多讯息负荷上的困难，例如：讯息过多、讯息密集（好几项并列的讯息）、讯息杂乱、或是讯息陌生（如数字或专有名词）。既使能够完全理解讯息的内容，也有可能无法完整地将讯息传达出来。这时候，我们就需要一些辅助工具的协助，这就是口译笔记。 口译笔记的功能是：第一、具有辅助短时记忆的作用，避免遗忘漏失。第二、透过图像、版面与符号的交错运用，笔记具有语段逻辑分析与保存的功能，能将语篇的段落整理清楚并保存一段时间。

国外口译笔记符号图例

国外口译笔记符号图例consequences development relations agriculture agreement environment role energy success trade problem politics repression democracy impact work country money meeting inflation industry deficit surplus

look forward to change want to need know continue decide join propose listen/hear lead to, cause say promise attack agree thanks on the one hand always (toujours in French) ...on the other hand until on behalf of from that time on

as opposed to before recently more than/less than all any now similar end start Organic symbols When we talk about ORGANIC SYMBOLS we mean simply that one symbol is taken as the root for several related symbols. The most obvious example is the underlining... You can underline any symbol to add emphasis big (i) You can also double underline, draw a squiggly line or a dotted line underneath a symbol or word denote differing degrees of emphasis or certainty.... There is a system for noting verbs that ties in with this idea....

(必看)口译笔记BIG WORLD

Notetaking 1 去年春天，我国遭遇了一场非典疫情重大灾害。党中央、国务院把人民群众的身体健康和生命安全放在第一位，及时研究和部署防治非典工作。将非典列为法定传染病管理，如实公布疫情，在全国范围内实行群防群控。国务院和地方政府成立防治非典指挥部，统一调度人力物力财力，充分发挥城乡基层组织的作用，确保预防、救治工作紧张有序进行。 2.China suffered from a disastrous SARS outbreak last spring. The Party Central Committee and the State Council gave top priority to protecting people's health and lives and promptly investigated SARS and took steps to prevent and treat it. We enforced the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Communicable Diseases, formulated the Regulations on Public Health Emergency Response, and classified SARS as a communicable disease. We reported the facts of the SARS situation exactly as they were and mobilized the general public throughout the country to control the outbreak. The State Council and local governments established anti-SARS headquarters to coordinate human, material and financial resources and to make full use of primary-level organizations in both urban and rural areas, so as to ensure that prevention and treatment work was done quickly and orderly.

口译速记符号整理(笔记符号整理)

口译笔记速记符号： （1）Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for reference: Abbreviations in Note taking: Use only the abbreviations that fit the needs. S = sum f = frequency Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro = introduction conc = concentration min = minimum

口译笔记 图例和符号(大字版)

口译笔记图例和符号 Note-taking symbols & abbreviations Abbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare eg = example dept = department

Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate bio. = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum

口译笔记符号大汇总 (1)

口译笔记符号大汇总 一、地名简写 高级口译听力部分要求考生准确拼写出主要国家的名称和首都。如果要把每个国家的名称完整的记录下来．会很费时间。因此，常用国名的记录方法应常记心中，比如K=Korea,SD=Sweden, SW=Switzerland等等。 有时还可以借助“|－”来表示东、西、南、北、中等方位。例如：theRepublic of Korea(ROK，南朝鲜，表示为“－K”;相应的the Democratic People’sRepublic of Korea （DPRK，北朝鲜）,就可以表示为“K－”,Central London,表示为LD。WesternEurope （西欧）表示为“|EU”，EasternGermany (东德表示为“G|”。 练习： Eastern Europe, South Africa, North China, Western Germany, South Asia，CentralItal 二、缩略词 英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP:important, ASAP:as soon as possible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。 缩略词的写法一般为四种方式： （一）拿掉所有元音 MKT:market MGR:manager MSG:message STD:standard

RCV:receive （二）保留前几个字母 INFO information INS insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOU In stead of I/O （三）保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK week RM room PL people （四）根据发音 R are THO though THRU through （五）口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT Apartment ACC Accountant ACDG According ACPT

(完整)口译专题 笔记符号3 图形符号

口译专题2017-4-26 口译笔记符号和文字 口译笔记常用符号 符号信息含义 果实；成果；成就（fruit, result, accomplishment, achievement） 1）消除；废除；根除；除去（delete, exclude, dismiss, erase, disappear, vanish, extinct, remove, abolish, get rid of, wipe out, eliminate, eradicate） 2）抛弃；放弃（abandon, desert, discard, forsake, quit） 开心；快乐；满意（smile, happy, glad, pleased, excited, in a good mood, joy, pleasant, ecstasy, delight, satisfaction, contented） 不开心；伤心；愤怒；不满意（unhappy, in a bad mood, sad, sorrow, grief, unsatisfied, dissatisfaction, angry, displeasure, rage, fury, irritation, annoyance, indignation） 1）听；聆听（listen to） 2）开放（be open to） 改革开放（reform and opening up） 爱；关爱；关怀；慈善；同情（love, care about, be concerned about, charity, compassion, sympathy） 买；购买；投资（buy, purchase, invest） 卖，销售；获利（sell, make a profit） 推动；促进；有助于（promote, strengthen, encourage, stimulate, facilitate, reinforce, strive, push, urge, stir, force, accelerate, drive, prompt, propel, give impetus to, carry forward, contribute to） 阻碍；限制（obstacle, restrain, discourage, curb, hamper, hinder, barrier, bar, encumber, hold back, draw back） 压力；影响（pressure, burden, load, stress, impact, influence, effect, affect exert influence on, have effect on） 到目前为止；迄今为止（so far, up till now, until now, till now） 学校；教育机构（schools, education institutes） 生产；产品（produce, manufacture, product）