广东省湛江市2011年普通高考模拟测试英语试题

湛江市2011年普通高考测试（一）

英语

本试卷共8页，三大题，满分135分，考试用时120分钟。

I 语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21~30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

One day, Miss Ellis gave her pupils a new kind of homework: homework on happiness. Her pupils w ould be ―happiness 1 ‖, and were to see what would happen when they tried to bring happiness to those around them. As part of their homework, all the students did really 2 , wonderful things, but what Carla Chalmers did left everyone 3 . Several days after the homework had been handed out, Carla turned up carrying a big bag.

―Here in this bag I have all the happiness I’ve collected so far,‖ she said 4 . On seeing this, everyone was filled with 5 , but Carla didn’t want to show anyon e what was in the bag. Instead, she pulled out a small box and gave it to her teacher. When Miss Ellis had taken the box, Carla took a (n) 6 camera out of her own pocket and stood with it at the ready.

―Open it, Miss Ellis.‖

The teacher slowly opened the box and looked inside. A big smile 7 on her face, and at that moment Carla took a photo, Carla’s photo came out of the camera immediately, and she 8

it to Miss Ellis along with a sheet of paper. The teacher read the paper in silence, and when she, had finished, she gestured at the 9 .

―Oh, so it’s…‖

―Yes!‖ 10 Carla, opening the bag. ―It’s a great big pile of smiles!‖

She opened the bag and photos of different 11 fell out.

The rest of the class tried to 12 how Carla had managed to create such a great big chain of happiness. All there in the box was a photo of a big smile. But everyone who had seen it felt happiness being transmitted（传送）to them, and in return, without 13 , every person 14 with a smile of their own.

She managed to 15 understanding of the smile truth that every time you smile you are sending a gift to the world.

1. A. explorers B. instructors C. players D. collectors

2. A. regretful B. delightful C. stressful D. thankful

3. A. surprised B. satisfied C. annoyed D. depressed

4. A. disappointedly B. sadly C. amazedly D. smilingly

5. A. astonishment B. kindness C. expectation D. pride

6. A. expensive B. old – fashioned C. instant D. good-looking

7. A. disappeared B. froze C. faded D. shone

8. A. offered B. sold C. packed D. paid

9. A. box B. bag C. camera D. pocket

10. A. added B. questioned C. replied D. interrupted

11. A. smiles B. teachers C. ceremonies D. friends

12. A. try out B. focus on C. decide on D. figure out

13. A. imagination B. expression C. hesitation D. reason

14. A. responded B. refused C. demanded D. proved

15. A. hide B. correct C. appreciate D. spread

第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31~40的相应位置上。

In the international business there is always a great need for creative talents. On the other hand creative people are also searching for areas 16 they can put their talents to use. A talent to be noticed nowadays is much 17 (easy) than it used to be in the old times. In the early days, for example, if one wanted to be a singer, he or she had to have a great amount of talent in singing. That was the only way they could promote 18 and be recognized. Now sources like the Internet help a great deal in promoting oneself. The Internet is like a global village. 19 (seat) in your home you are capable 20 finding a lot of sources. People with 21 (vary) of talents can be recognized through the Internet. 22 , the Internet is 23 opportunity to put forward one’s talents, creativity, and powers in order to be noticed. Keeping in mind 24 a talent unexposed is the talent unfound. Now we are lucky enough to show our 25 (hide) talents, without trying very hard and just by sitting at home.

Ⅱ阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

What’s delicious, healthy to eat and co mes in various colors? Eggplant! And no, it has nothing to do with chickens! This strangely named vegetable is, however, as versatile as an egg. It can be steamed, fried or baked. It can be eaten by itself or combined with meats and other vegetables.

Eggplant was first grown in India during the 5th century B.C. Its popularity soon spread to China and then throughout Asia. Finally, during the Middle Ages the vegetable made its way to Europe. At that time, eggplant was not the shiny purple vegetable most people know today. Instead, it was like a white egg. Due to this egg-like appearance, eggplant got its name. In its early days, the veg etable was so bitter that people often called it a ―mad apple.‖ This nickname started because people believed its bitterness was bad for one’s health. People actually thought eggplant could cause insanity（精神错乱）and cancer.

Fortunately, today people know th at eggplant doesn’t cause insanity or cancer. In fact, eggplant is so healthy that it may prevent cancer. In addition, the brain and the heart benefit from this super vegetable. Since it is high in fiber, eggplant can also improve digestion.

Italy, Turkey, Egypt, China and Japan are the leading growers of eggplant in the world today. Depending on its location, eggplant may be purple, green, orange or yellow-white. And it ca n be as small as a tomato or as large as a cucumber. Dish diversities range from simple to complex, with all of them being delicious!

Today, thousands of people are gathering in Loomis, Calif, for the 23rd annual Loomis Eggplant Festival. The main activity at the festival is eating delicious eggplant dishes. There is plenty more to do and see, though. Recipe contests, arts and crafts, performers, races and children’s activities all ―egg-cite‖ festival-goers. Most people at the festival would agree –eggplant is an ―egg-cellent‖ vegetable!

26. What does the underlined word ―versatile‖ in Pa ragraph 1 probably mean?

A. simple in shape

B. diverse in cooking

C. various in size

D. flexible in price

27. Which of the following statem ents about eggplants is TRUE?

A. Eggplant was introduced into Europe during the 5th century

B.

C.

B. Eggplant got its name for its nutrition which is as rich as an egg.

C. Eggplant looks like what it used to be in color and shape.

D. People once misunderstood eggplant for its bitterness.

28. Eggplant is so healthy that it can ____________.

A. cure the cancer with certainty

B. help relieve insanity

C. replace other vegetables

D. do good to digestion

29. The diversities of eggplant reflect in many aspects EXCEPT _____________.

A. colors

B. sizes

C. nutrition

D. dishes

30. The passage is mainly about ________________.

A. the 23rd annual Loomis Eggplant Festival

B. the origin of eggplant

C. the general introduction of eggplant

D. the benefits of eggplant

B

Sometimes the things we believe are holding our families togethe r really aren’t. Need proof? Let me share our story. My family is a fairly typical American foursome. Ten years ago, we moved into our dream house – a spacious, three-story historic home – thinking it would bring us the joy we desired. It was a beautiful place, but as our children grew up, our sense of togetherness began to fade away. In the big dream house, we scattered in different directions.

One day when my daughter, Hannah, was 14, she became upset about the differences between the world’s haves and th e have-nots. She challenged us to be ―a family that makes a difference in the world, even if it’s a small difference.‖ My wife, Joan, asked her, ―What are you willing to sacrifice? Your house? Your room?‖ Hannah said yes to both. After talking it over as a family, we decided to sell our house and move to one that was half its size and price – and donate the money to charity.

First, we needed to figure out where our money would go, a process that took about a year. We finally chose The Hunger Project, a U.S.-based nonprofit that works with villagers in Africa, Asia and South America and helps them move from poverty to self-reliance.

Before we downsized, we were a little worried. Had we made too big a sacrifice? Two years later, I can tell you: It’s the best move we have ever made.

As we worked together on our family project, those interconnected moments became more frequent. The more we shared, the more we laughed, teased and bonded. As Hannah said the other day, ―We learned how to really trust each other.‖

W e don’t expect anyone else to copy what we did and sell their home. But most people can find some commodity in their lives they could give up, whether it’s time (halving the hours of TV you watch each week and volunteering instead?) or stuff (donating half the clothes in your closet?). Like us, your family could set out to make a small difference in the world – and transform yourselves in the process.

31. Why couldn’t the dream house bring the author the happiness as he had expected?

A. Because the happy family feeling of closeness became less stron g.

B. Because the dream house was too big for his family.

C. Because his children didn’t like the dream house at all.

D. Because his children have grown up and want to be independent.

32. According to the second paragraph, Hannah ____________.

A. showed no concern about the poor

B. was reluctant to give up her house

C. was a very sympathetic person

D. thought individuals have little effect on the world

33. It can be implied that .

A. the author regretted selling his house and giving money away.

B. the author made a well-considered decision to donate the money.

C. the Hunger Project aims to help the poor by continually giving them money.

D. the feeling of togetherness was gained again by living in a smaller house.

34. In order to make a difference in the world, the author calls on other families ____________.

A. to sell their houses

B. not to watch TV

C. to do something they can

D. to sell half the clothes

35. What’s the best title of the passage?

A. What Togetherness Is

B. Why We Gave Away Our Home

C. What We Should Do for Our Home

D. Why We Are Not Satisfied with Our Life

C

Most people hate change, which is sad since we often go through intense changes in life. And for some of us, even the smallest changes can upset our day. So the question is: Why do most of us find making adjustments to our lives so hard?

Fear of change is nothing new. Over a century ago, the Parisians were unhappy over a particular addition to their city: the Eiffel Tower. In fact, the citizens were so angry about the plans for the tower that they protested its construction. As strange as it may seem, their anger was completely natural. They were given no choice about the huge change that was going to be made, so they became angry.

But we get upset over changes even when we do have a say in the matter and think about them carefully. Changes are brought about every day by the decisions we make: which school to attend, which job to take, whom to marry. Voluntary changes also make most of us uneasy because we don’t know how those changes will affect our future.

People have discovered that the key to overcoming the fear and anger associated with change is to be flexible. When they are flexible, people can adapt to new situations more easily. Being flexible is especially important in the 21st century as technology makes change occur faster than ever before. Those who oppose change, especially with technology in the workplace, may find themselves out of a job.

When change comes, and you have no choice but to face it, embrace it. A positive attitude helps a lot. In fact, the change may turn out to be the best thing for you. That new job you got may end up being much better than your old one. You may make the best friends of your life in the new city you moved to. Don’t merely focus on how you feel about change; instead decide to accept the change. The change is the reality, and it’s up to you whether the change will be a success or a failure. You never know – your next change may be your life’s Eiffel Tower!

36. Why did the building of the Eiffel Tower make the Parisians unhappy?

A. Because they didn’t like the design of the Eiffel Tower.

B. Because they couldn’t avoid accepting the Eiffel Tower.

C. Because it was no use building the Eiffel Tower.

D. Because the Eiffel Tower seemed strange.

37. According to the passage, it can be inferred that what won’t disturb us are _____________.

A. the changes that have agreement with one’s will

B. the small changes we meet in our daily life

C. the changes whose effect we can predict and control

D. the changes that we discuss or consider thoroughly

38. How should we overcome negative emotions that the changes bring?

A. We are not supposed to face the changes and let them alone.

B. We should actively accustom ourselves to the new circumstance.

C. We should not take the changes seriously and avoid them as much as possible.

D. We should know that the changes merely bring us bad influence.

39. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?

A. The change will probably make you fail like the Eiffel Tower.

B. The change is like the Eiffel Tower which is not good for our future life.

C. Your future life is never known just like the Eiffel T ower unknown to the Parisians.

D. Your future life is likely to be a great achievement due to the change.

40. What is the best title for the passage?

A. The Psychology of Change

B. The ways to Overcome the Fear

C. Changes That Disturb Us

D. The Bad Effect of Changes

D

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) changed the world by challenging the common beliefs of his time. He completely altered the way people thought about their world and the universe. Thanks to Copernicus’ theories, the entire Western world began to shift its pe rspective from an Earth-centered universe to a sun-centered system.

Copernicus-was born into a wealthy merchant family in Poland in 1473. When his father died, l0-year-old Copernicus moved in with his uncle. While raising Copernicus, his uncle directed bot h the boy’s advancement in the church and his education.

Copernicus began his university studies at the University of Cracow where mathematics, astronomy and astrology aroused his interest. But he left before finishing his degree, as was common at the time, and went to serve in the church in Frombork. Then he followed in his uncle’s footsteps by studying at the University of Bologna. While there, he lived with Domenico Maria Novara, the school’s chief astronomy professor. Novara was probably the first person Copernicus had ever met who dared to challenge the l,400-year-old conc lusions of that era’s paramount (至高无上的) astronomer: Ptolemy.

Although busy with church work, Copernicus made time for his scientific work, finding several problems with Ptolemy’s Eart h-centered model. More significantly, Copernicus found that a sun-centered model with a revolving Earth fit the data much better.

While his conclusions w ould answer astronomers’ questions, Copernicus was well aware that ―moving the Earth‖ would shake the foundations of everyone else’s worldview. So sometime before 1514, he carefully revealed his conclusions, gradually introducing them in an essay he sent only to various colleagues in philosophy and astronomy. Over the next several years, he refined his results while his theory circulated around Europe, spreading his reputation as a remarkable astronomer.

In 1539, Rheticus, a young mathematician, fascinated by his conclusions, worked with Copernicus to publish an introduction to his sun-centered universe model. Its success pushed Copernicus to complete and publish his entire, massive six-volume work, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, at the end of his life. Legend holds that Copernicus held a published copy of his life’s work on his deathbed on May 24, 1543.

41. What achievement did Copernicus make in astronomy?

A. He improved the theory of an Earth-centered universe.

B. He changed the world by discovering the new planet.

C. He created a new theory of sun-centered system.

D. He challenged the common sense about the moon.

42. Which of the following order about the experience of Copernicus is RIGHT?

a. He carefully revealed his conclusions in essays.

b. He refined his results and became a remarkable astronomer.

c. He studied at the University of Bologna.

d. He lived with his uncle after his father died.

e. He studied at the University of Cracow.

A. debac

B. deacb

C. dceab

D. decab

43. According to Paragraph 3, it can be inferred that at the time ______________.

A. Copernicus was the first person to challenge Ptolemy’s theory bravely

B. it was a universal phenomenon that people worked for the church

C. Ptolemy’s Earth-centered model proved to be true

D. Copernicus finished his studies at the University of Cracow

44. Why was Copernicus cautious to make his theory public?

A. Because Earth-centered model had been taking root in people’s mind.

B. Because he had no confidence in his sun-centered universe model.

C. Because his research couldn’t solve astronomers’ questions.

D Because there was no accurate data to support his theory.

45. What is the best title of the passage?

A. New Theory on Sun And Earth

B. Copernicus’s victory over Ptolemy

C. Copernicus’ Life And His Achievement

D. Copernicus And His Uncle’s Great Achievement

第二节信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。

以下是几间特色旅店的信息：

A. Dog Bark Park Inn

At the Dog Bark Park Inn, sleeping in a doghouse is a good thing!

Located near Cottonwood, Idaho, this bed and breakfast is inside

the world’s largest beagle (猎犬). A private staircase leads to the

second-story balcony entrance. Guests relax on dog-themed

decorative furnishings and enjoy a wonderful breakfast. All this for

only $92 a night!

B. The Poseidon Undersea Resort

Located in a Fijian lagoon, the Poseidon Undersea Resort boasts

the world’s first seafloor suite 12 meters below the surface of the

ocean. By day, people enjoy golf, tennis and water sports or learn

to pilot a three-passenger Triton submarine to explore the new

ocean depths.

C. Hippo Point

For those who prefer an overnight stay with wildlife on the East

African plains. The nine-story tower rates as one of the top 10

resorts in the world. Guests enjoy incredible views of Olodian Bay.

More than 520 species of birds flock around the lake, their calls

echoing in the air.

D. Pavillon Bastille

The historical Pavillon, the lively heart of the hotel resort, is the

meeting point for a relaxing and social get-together. All three

guesthouses and the Pavillon are connected by covered

walkways and underground passages - a system unique to

Switzerland’s hotel industry.

E. The Magic Mountain Hotel

The Magic Mountain Hotel is shaped like a volcano. But instead of

lava, a waterfall cascades down its sides. Nine comfortable rooms,

all with modern facilities, are each named for a local species of

bird. Hotel guests can enjoy rafting, hiking and horseback riding, or

they can relax in a hot tub made out of the huge trunk of a tree and

filled with hot water.

F. Sala Silvermine

The truly adventurous can spend the night in the world’s deepest

bedroom in the world’s deepest bedroom in the Sala Silvermine in

Sweden. After a guided tour of the mine located 155 meters

underground, you’re left alone to enjoy the solitude with a basket of

refreshments.

请阅读以下游客信息，然后匹配与上面旅店相关的信息。

46. Jane wants to find a hotel where she can enjoy the natural scenery. During the vacation,

she can join some outdoor activities such as boating, walking, etc. After a tiring day, she would like to take a warm bath.

47. Linda is a pet lover. She would like to stay in a hotel featured in pets. She doesn’t want

to spend too much on accommodation, so a hotel with a reasonable price is a good choice. What’s more, it’s better to serve breakfast in the hotel.

48. Jim likes to take risks and seeks excitements. He is a cave explorer, so he hopes to find

a particular hotel that can satisfy his interest in venture. Also, he can enjoy the peaceful

time with some snacks.

49. Sam admires nature and appreciates the sounds of nature. He prefers a high rise where

he can see the entire wild beauty and enjoys seeing wild animals running free in their natural habitats.

50. Lola prefers ball games, swimming and water-skiing on vacation. She is eager for a hotel

where she can have fun looking out the window at the sights on the bottom of the ocean or diving into the sea.

Ⅲ写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节基础写作（共1小题，满分15分）

随着人们生活水平的提高，私家车的数量逐年增加，但随之而来的塞车问题日益严重。假设你是学校学生会主席，请你写一封英文倡议书，呼吁同学们尽量骑自行车出行，内容如下：

1. 现象：由于家长接送造成学校周边交通阻塞的问题非常严重。

2. 建议：选择环保的出行方式——骑自行车。

3. 理由：a. 减轻交通压力；b. 减少噪音和空气污染；c. 锻炼身体。

4. 呼吁：改善交通，从我做起。

1. 只能使用5个句子表达全部内容；

2. 不要逐句翻译，可适当添加细节使文章内容完整连贯。

句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。

第二节读写任务（共1小题，满分25分）

阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Kari Watkins loves hanging out with her friends. That's not surprising. Kari is 16 and it's typical for teenagers to spend time with their peers, especially their pals. So it makes sense when she gets mad about having to leave get-togethers with her friends early to meet her parents' rule that she must stay at home after 9 p.m.

"Sometimes my parents don't let me do anything," Kari says. "It seems that their rules are for a 10-year-old child, not a 16-year-old one." Kari admits she often responds to her parents' rules by openly complaining about them. And to get her pride again, she sometimes does what she wants--behind her parents' backs.

Kari's unwillingness to obey her parents may remind you of your own behavior toward your mom and dad. And the good news for young people is that it is normal for teens to rebel against their parents. "All teens go through a process of separating from their parents in order to gain some independence and a sense of identity," says Glenn Kashurba, a child and adolescent psychiatrist (精神病学家). "Sometimes this process is accompanied by some anger, defiance (反抗), and eye-rolling. But this stage of shifting relationships is an important part of growing up."

1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容；

2. 然后以约120个词谈谈―青少年心理叛逆期‖，内容包括：

1) 你或你熟悉的朋友在青少年心理叛逆期的表现以及父母的态度；

2) 在心理叛逆期，你是如何改善和父母的关系。

1. 在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；

2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。

湛江市2011年普通高考测试（一）

英语试题标准答案

I 语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

1—5 DBADC 6—10 CDABD 11—15 ADCAD

第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）

16. where 17. easier 18. themselves 19. Seated 20. of 21. varieties 22. Thus / Theref ore / So 23. an 24. that 25. hidden

Ⅱ阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）

26—30 BDDCC 31—35 ACBCB 36—40 BCBDA 41—45 CDBAC

第二节信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

46—50 EAFCB

Ⅲ写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节基础写作（共1小题，满分15分）

One possible version:

It is a common phenomenon that the problem of traffic jam around our school is more and more serious due to parents’ driving kids to and from school. Actually, we can choose a healthy a nd environmentally-friendly way of traveling, that is, bicycle riding. It is obvious that bicycle riding can bring us many benefits, such as relieving pressure on the downtown transportation, making less noise and air pollution and so forth. Most importantly, it does good to your health, because if you go to school by riding a bicycle instead of driving or taking a car, you can have a better chance of getting enough exercise you need every day.

Reduce transportation pressure by riding a bike and start from ourselves.

第二节读写任务（共1小题，满分25分）

As an adolescent, Kari goes through an unavoidable but significant growing-up process of showing her personality and establishing independence by doing what will annoy her parents to rebel against them.

I have the similar experience like Kari. It seemed that everything I did never satisfied my parents. I thought I had grown up, and I could make my own decision, enjoy my favorite films or music, and wear the fashionable clothes and have a special hair style and so on. It is the difference between my parents and me that makes us involved in endless complain and quarrel with each other.

Eventually, I come to realize that it is no use rebelling against my parents, and I should do something to improve the relationship between us. I begin to discuss everything with my parents, and do housework without being asked. What’s more, I will go back home early and don’t make them worried about my safety. Gradually, my parents k now I have a sense of responsibility, and let me do more what I want.

2011年高考广东卷理综物理答案及详解

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广东省湛江市公路(按等级和路面)基本情况数据专题报告2019版

广东省湛江市公路（按等级和路面）基本情况数据专题报告 2019版

序言 湛江市公路（按等级和路面）基本情况数据专题报告旨在运用严谨的数据分析，以更为客观、真实的角度，对湛江市公路（按等级和路面）基本情况进行剖析和阐述。 湛江市公路（按等级和路面）基本情况数据专题报告同时围绕关键指标即公路通车里程，等级路，等外路，有铺装路面公路，简易铺装路面公路，未铺装路面公路等，对湛江市公路（按等级和路面）基本情况进行了全面深入的分析和总结。 湛江市公路（按等级和路面）基本情况数据专题报告可以帮助投资决策者效益最大化，是了解湛江市公路（按等级和路面）基本情况的重要参考渠道。本报告数据来源于中国国家统计局、相关科研机构及行业协会等权威部门，数据客观、精准。

目录 第一节湛江市公路（按等级和路面）基本情况现状概况 (1) 第二节湛江市公路通车里程指标分析 (3) 一、湛江市公路通车里程现状统计 (3) 二、全省公路通车里程现状统计 (3) 三、湛江市公路通车里程占全省公路通车里程比重统计 (3) 四、湛江市公路通车里程（2016-2018）统计分析 (4) 五、湛江市公路通车里程（2017-2018）变动分析 (4) 六、全省公路通车里程（2016-2018）统计分析 (5) 七、全省公路通车里程（2017-2018）变动分析 (5) 八、湛江市公路通车里程同全省公路通车里程（2017-2018）变动对比分析 (6) 第三节湛江市等级路指标分析 (7) 一、湛江市等级路现状统计 (7) 二、全省等级路现状统计分析 (7) 三、湛江市等级路占全省等级路比重统计分析 (7) 四、湛江市等级路（2016-2018）统计分析 (8) 五、湛江市等级路（2017-2018）变动分析 (8) 六、全省等级路（2016-2018）统计分析 (9)

广东省湛江市2018届高三调研试卷 语文

广东省湛江市2018届高三调研试卷语文语文广东省湛江市2018届高三调研试卷语文横刀立马的高中语文 广东省湛江市2018届高三调研试卷 语文 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．请认真阅读答题卡上的注意事项，在答题卡上与题号相对应的答题区域内答题，写在试卷、草稿纸上或答题卡非题号对应答题区域的答案一律无效。不得用规定以外的笔和纸答题，不得在答题卡上做任何标记。 3．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第I卷阅读题 、现代文阅读（35分） （一）论述类文本阅读（9分，每小题3分） 阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。 关于中国古文字的产生时代这一问题始终缺乏具体确切的答案。就是世界各国的文字学专家，对于文字产生的具体时代也有着不同的见解和学派。 一种说法，认定文字的起源并不比语言产生晚，认为人类早在旧石器时代或新时器时代初期就产生了文字。持这种观点的人，主要把人类最早的图画、图示和各种刻记纳入了文字的范围。他们把原始人的许多岩画谓之图画文字；也有把纹文时期的纹记视作正式的文字。这主要是对文字的真正定义和内涵缺乏一个正确的认定。当然我们很容易想象人类没有形成语言的时候，他们要表达某种意念或某种信息，只好用手势比划或在地上画图表示。但是文字终归是文字，它和那些原始的辅助表意手段有着根本的区别，这个根本的区别是不管世界上哪个民族的文字，没有一个不是他们民族语言的符号，尽管世界文字之林中有的是表意文字，有的是表词文字，有的是标声文字，但都是和他们自己民族的语言一致的，凡是语言能表达的，文字就能表达。所以可以说文字尽管在某种功能上超出了语言，但仍然是语言的辅助工具。这样的文字，自然是产生在语言产生以后。 还有一种观点也是不能使人认同的。那就是拘泥于实证主义的研究方法，即没有见到完整的实证材料，就认定事物的不存在，就对没有被认识或没有被发现的甚至对理应存在和实际有过但已消失的事物持一完全否定的态度。这种实证主义的方法并非是科学的态度。比如说，在中国古文字起源的研究中，很多人认定殷商时期的甲骨文就是最古老的汉字，可在甲骨文被发现以前，人们长期认为商周时期的金文是中国最古老的文字。这些一见实物就动辄定论的习惯，一直妨碍了对文字起源的系统地、理论地探讨，也难以形成一个科学的客观的明晰结论。 当然，甲骨文是比金文更为古老的汉文字，有一些甲骨文的单字比钟鼎文的结构带有更为原始的特征，如（子）、（午）、（丁）等。但人们都能看到，甲骨文的结构比钟鼎文简练，是简化了的古文字。甲骨文大多是当时用来刻在甲骨片上的占卜记录，为了便于镌刻，长期形成了一种非常简练的书体。文字的简化是文字形成以后的运作行为，所以甲骨文的出现，说明文字的产生已经有了一个相当长的时期。究竟中国古文字起源于何时？根据种种依据推断，中国古汉字最早出现在六千年以前的中石器时代，形成于五千年后的新石器时代。 （摘自牟作武《中国古文字的起源》） 1．下列关于原文内容的理解和分析，正确的一项是（3分）