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(西方文化) Q
(西方文化) Q

I. Multiple Choices

DIVISION ONE: Greek Culture and Roman Culture

1. Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C.? _____

A. Greek Culture

B. Roman Culture

C. Egyptian Culture

D. Chinese Culture

2. In _____ the Romans conquered Greece.

A. 1200

B.

C. B. 700 B.C.

C. 146 B.C.

D. the 5th century

3. Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy? _____

A. Oedipus the king

B. Iliad

C. Odyssey

D. Antigone

4. Which of the following is NOT the play written by Aeschylus? _____

A. Antigone

B. Agamemnon

C. Persians

D. Prometheus Bound

5. Which of the following is NOT the play written by Sophocles? _____

A. Electra

B. Antigone

C. Trojan Women

D. Oedipus the king

6. Which of the following is the play written by Euripides? _____

A. Antigone

B. Persians

C. Electra

D. Medea

7. Which of the following is NOT one of the greatest tragic dramatists of ancient Greece? _____

A. Aristophanes

B. Euripides

C. Sophocles

D. Aeschylus

8. Who ever said that “You can not step twice into the same river”? _____

A. Pythagoras

B. Heracleitue

C. Democritus

D. Aristotle

9. Who was the founder of scientific mathematics? _____

A. Heracleitue

B. Aristotle

C. Socrates

D. Pythagoras

10. Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “man is the measure of all things”? _____

A. Protagoras

B. Pythagoras

C. Pyrrhon

D. Epicurus

11. Who wrote, “I came, I saw, I conquered”? _____

A. Horace

B. Julius Caesar

C. Marcus Tullius Cicero

D. Virgil

12. The author of the philosophical poem On the Nature of Things is _____.

A. Virgil

B. Julius Caesar

C. Horace

D. Lucretius

13. Which of the following is not Roman architecture? _____

A. The Colosseum

B. The Pantheon

C. The Parthenon

D. Pont du Gard

14. Who wrote, “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”? ______

A. Sappho

B. Plato

C. Virgil

D. Horace

DIVISION TWO: The Bible and Christianity

15. Which of the following is by far the most influential religion in the West? _____

A. Buddhism

B. Islamism

C. Christianity

D. Judaism

16. The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which re the first five books, called _____.

A. Exodus

B. Commandments

C. Amos

D. Pentateuch

17. Which of the following is NOT the content of the Ten Commandments? _____

A. Honor your father and your mother

B. Do no commit suicide

C. Do not desire your neighbor’s wife

D. Do not take the name of God in vain

18. When in Babylon the Hebrews formed synagogues to practice their religion? _____

A. in 169

B.

C. B. in the 4th century

C. in 76 B.C.

D. in the 6th century

19. After the _____ century Nestorianism reached China.

A. sixth

B. fifth

C. second

D. third

20. Which of the following emperors made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all other religions? _____

A. Theodosius

B. Augustus

C. Constantine I

D. Nero Caesar

21. Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313? _____

A. Augustus

B. Theodosius

C. Nero

D. Constantine I

22. At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of _____.

A. St. Peter

B. St. Paul

C. John Baptist

D. John Wycliff

23. By 1693, the whole of the Bible had been translated in _____ languages.

A. 228

B. 974

C. 1202

D. 154

24. The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as _____.

A. the Latin Vulgate

B. the Aristeas

C. the “Authorized”

D. the Septuagint

25. When printing was invented in the 1500’s the _____ Bible was the first complete work printed.

A. English

B. Latin

C. Aramaic

D. Hebrew

26. When did the standard American edition of the Revised Version appear?

A. 1885

B. 1611

C. 1901

D. 1979

DIVISION THREE: The Middle Ages

27. In the later part of the 4th century, which of the following tribes swept into Europe from central Asia, robbing and killing a large number of the half civilized Germanic tribes? _____

A. the Mongolians

B. the Huns

C. the Turkish

D. the Syrians

28. The Middle Ages is also called the _____.

A. “Age of Christianity”

B. “Age of Literature”

C. “Age of Holy Spirit”

D. “Age of Faith”

29. According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledged to do for a knight? _____

A. to be loyal to his lord

B. to fight for the church

C. to obey without question the orders of the abbot

D. to respect women of noble birth

30. In 732, who gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service? _____

A. Charles Martel, a Frankish ruler

B. Charles I, a Turkish ruler

C. Constantine I, a Frankish ruler

D. St. Benedict, an Italian ruler

31. When was the Church divided into the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church? _____

A. after 1066

B. after 1296

C. after 1054

D. after 476

32. Which of the following about the knight or noble in the Middle Ages in western Europe is NOT true? _____

A. Almost all nobles were knights in the Medieval days.

B. A noble began his education as a page at the age of seven.

C. As a knight, he was pledged to fight for the church.

D. At about fourteen, the page became a knight.

33. When was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in western Europe? _____

A. At the age of 14

B. When he was taught to say his prayers, learned good manners and ran errands for the ladies.

C. At a special ceremony known as dubbing.

D. When he was pledged to fight for the church.

34. Which of the following is NOT true about what the monks must do before entering the monastery according to the Benedictine Rule? _____

A. They had to attend service six times during the day and once at midnight.

B. They could promise to give up all their possession before entering the monastery.

C. They were expected to work 5 hours a day in the fields surrounding the monastery.

D. They had to obey without question the orders of the abbot.

35. Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe? _____

A. clergy, knights and serfs

B. Pope, bishop and peasants

C. clergy, lords and peasants

D. knights, nobles and serfs

36. By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian stronghold and won crusades and ruled all the territory in Palestine that the crusaders had fought to control?

A. 1279

B. 1254

C. 1096

D. 1291

37. Which of the following was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope in 800? _____

A. St. Thomas Aquinas

B. Charlemagne

C. Constantine

D. Kings James

38. Who was the ruler of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex and contributed greatly to the medieval European culture?

A. Charles I

B. Constantine I

C. Alfred the Great

D. Charles the Great

39. Does Song of Roland belong to which country’s epic?

A. English

B. Germanic

C. Hebrew

D. French

40. Who is the author of the Opus Maius?

A. Roger Bacon

B. Dante Alighieri

C. Chaucer

D. St. Thomas Aquinas

DIVISION FOUR: Renaissance and Reformation

41. Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture? _____

A. in Greece and Rome

B. in Florence and Venice

C. in Milan and Florence

D. in Italy and Germany

42. When did the Renaissance reach its height with its centre moving to Milan, then to Rome, and created High Renaissance? _____

A. in the 11 century

B. in the 15th century

C. in the 16th century

D. in the 17th century

43. Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio? _____

A. Decameron

B. Canzoniers

C. David

D. Moses

44. Which of the following works is NOT written by Petrarch? _____

A. Canzoniers

B. On Solitude

C. Ecologues

D. Flight into Egypt

45. Who is the author of the painting, Betrayal of Judas? _____

A. Giotto

B. Brunelleschi

C. Donatello

D. Giorgione

46. Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of the modern mode of painting? _____

A. Raphael

B. Titian

C. da Vinci

D. Michelangelo

47. Which of the following High Renaissance artists was best known for his Madonna (Virgin Mary)? _____

A. Titian

B. da Vinci

C. Michelangelo

D. Raphael

48. Which of the following paintings was based on the story in the Bible with Maria riding on a donkey ready to face the hardship ahead? _____

A. Sacred and Profane Love

B. Tempesta

C. The Return of the Hunters

D. Flight into Egypt

49. Who took up the translation of the Bible into English for the first time? _____

A. Jan Hus

B. John Wycliffe

C. Martin Luther

D. John Calvin

50. Who is the author Institutes of the Christian Religion? _____

A. John Wycliffe

B. Jan Hus

C. John Calvin

D. Erasmus

51. In whose reign did the formal break of the British with the papal authorities take place? _____

A. Elizabeth I

B. William I

C. Edward III

D. Henry VIII

52. After the formal break of the British with the papal authorities, who was the head of the church? _____

A. King

B. Pope

C. Bishop

D. Archbishop

53. Which of the following works was written by Rabelais, in which he praises the greatness of man, expresses his love of life and his reverence and sympathy for humanist learning? _____ A. Gargantua and Pantagruel B. Don Quixote

C. The Praise of Folly

D. Utopia

54. Whose motto put down in his essays, “What do I know” is world-famous? _____

A. Cervantes

B. Rabelais

C. Montaigne

D. Shakespeare

55. Which of the following works is worth reading for Montaigne’s humanist ideas and a style which is easy and familiar? _____

A. Sonnets

B. Decameron

C. Rabelais

D. Of Repentance

56. Which of the following is NOT French writer poet? _____

A. Cervantes

B. Pierre de Ronsard

C. Rabelais

D. Montaigne

57. In 1516, who published the first Greek edition of the new Testament? _____

A. Bruegel

B. Erasmus

C. El Greco

D. Rabelais

58. “To be, or not to be, -- that is the question” from whose works? _____

A. Chaucer

B. Dante

C. Roger Bacon

D. Shakespeare

DIVISION FIVE: The Seventeenth Century

59. Who ever said that “The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in the 17th century”? _____

A. Copernicus

B. Francis Bacon

C. Bertrand Russell

D. Leibniz

60. The author of The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs is _____?

A. Kepler

B. Copernicus

C. Galileo

D. Newton

61. Galileo is the greatest name in the physics of the 17th century. His telescope magnified objects _____.

A. a thousand times

B. a hundred times

C. then-thousand times

D. five-hundred times

62. Which of the following statements about Newton’s contribution to the science is NOT true? _____

A. He discovered the law of the universal gravitation.

B. He invented calculus

C. He discovered that white light is composed of all the colors of spectrum.

D. He discovered the law of relativity.

63. Which of the following about Galileo is NOT true? _____

A. He invented the telescope and was the first to apply the telescope to the study of the skies.

B. He discovered the law of inertia.

C. He discovered the importance of acceleration in dynamics.

D. He was the first to establish the law of falling bodies.

64. The first major advance of modern science occurred in _____.

A. anatomy

B. astronomy

C. printing

D. geographically discoveries

65. _____ and Newton invented independently the differential and integral calculus.

A. Descartes

B. Copernicus

C. Leibniz

D. Kepler

66. Engels said: “The revolutionary act by which natural science declared its independence… was the publication of the immortal work…”, what does the immortal work refer to? _____

A. Sidereus Nuncius

B. New Essays Concerning Human Understanding

C. New System of Nature

D. The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs

67. Who ever said that “Knowledge is power”? _____

A. Shakespeare

B. Francis Bacon

C. Thomas Hobbes

D. John Locke

68. Which of the following works was not written by Francis Bacon? _____

A. Essay Concerning Human Understanding

B. The Novum Organum (New Method)

C. The New Atlantics

D. The Advancement of Learning

69. Which of the following philosophers believed that man is selfish by nature? _____

A. John Locke

B. Descartes

C. Pierre Gassendi

D. Thomas Hobbes

70. What kind of form of government is England after the Glorious Revolution and enactment of the Bill of Rights? _____

A. constitutional monarchy

B. republic

C. anarchy

D. absolute monarchy

71. When did the Glorious Revolution in England bread out?

A. 1660

B. 1649

C. 1688

D. 1689

72. Which of the following woks is NOT written by John Milton? _____

A. Paradise Lost

B. Areopagitica

C. Samson Agonistes

D. Andromaque

73. In 1644, John Milton wrote a protest against a parliamentary decree reimposing complete censorship of the press. This was his best known prose _____.

A. Andromaque

B. Arepagitica

C. Paradise Lost

D. Paradise Regained

74. Which of the following is NOT the content of the Bill of Rights which limited the Sovereign’s power in certain important directions? _____

A. Parliament was responsible for all the law making.

B. The power of suspending the laws by royal authority was declared to be illegal.

C. The King should levy no money at any time.

D. The King should not keep a standing army in time of peace without consent of Parliament.

75. Which of the following philosophers ever said “I think, therefore I am”? _____

A. Francis Bacon

B. Pierre Gassendi

C. Descartes

D. John Locke

76. Which of the following works displays the grand style of Corneille’s work? _____

A. Le Cid

B. Andromaque

C. Tartuffe

D. Le Misanthrope

77. Which of the following philosophers believed that knowledge of the universe and certain principles and laws of physics is innate? _____

A. John Locke

B. Pierre Gassendi

C. Francis Bacon

D. Descartes

78. “I walk, therefore I am” is whose slogan? _____

A. John Locke

B. Pierre Gassendi

C. Descartes

D. Francis Bacon

79. Which of the following artists helped to bring the Roman Baroque style to its climax? _____

A. Rubens

B. Borromini

C. Caravaggio

D. Bernini

80. Which of the following artists helped to spread the Baroque style to North Europe? _____

A. Rubens

B. Velazquez

C. Borromini

D. Bernini

81. In painting of the 17th century, who won international fame and his style is basically classical, his figures are frozen and their action stiff? _____

A. Christopher Wren

B. Rembrandt

C. Poussin

D. Rubbes

82. In the middle of the 17th century, which country was the richest and most powerful in Europe? _____

A. Flander

B. the Netherlands

C. England

D. France

DIVISION SIX: The Age of Enlightenment

83. Whose doctrines of the separation of powers became one of the most important principles of the U.S. constitution? _____

A. John Locke

B. Rousseau

C. Montesquieu

D. V oltaire

84. Which of the following works is the most famous of V oltaire’s novel? _____

A. Candide

B. The New Heloise

C. Emile

D. Laocoon

85. “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains” are whose most famous word? _____

A. Montesquieu

B. Rousseau

C. V oltaire

D. Diderot

86. In which of Rousseau’s works, Rousseau argues that Man’s greatest ill are not natural but made by man himself; the remedy lies also within man’s power? _____

A. The Origin of Human Inequality

B. The New Heloise

C. Emile or On Education

D. The Social Contract

87. Who ever said that “Nature made men happy and good, but society makes him evil and miserable”? _____

A. Diderot

B. V oltaire

C. Montesquieu

D. Rousseau

88. In which of Diderot’s works, the author developed his materialist philosophy and fore-shadowed the doctrine of evolutions as later proposed by Charles Darwin? _____

A. Rameau’s Nephew

B. Philosophical Thought

C. Encyclopedie

D. Elements of Physiology

89. Which of the Lessing’s works was his most brilliant dramatic work, a landmark in 18th century German drama—its first successful comedy and its first truly national drama? _____

A. Nathan the Wise

B. Laocoon

C. Hamburgische Dramaturgie

D. Minna Von Barnhelm

90. Which of the following works is a classic of modern aesthetics? _____

A. Laocoon

B. Faust

C. The Robber

D. Wallenstein

91. Which of the following works represents Schiller’s most powerful tragedy? _____

A. Wilhelm Tell

B. Wallenstein

C. Cabal and Love

D. The Robber

92. Which of the following philosophers first proposed the well-known “Nebular hypothesis”? _____

A. Kant

B. Descartes

C. Locke

D. Hobbes

93. Which play by Schiller is widely known in China? _____

A. The Robber

B. Wallenstein

C. Wilhelm Tell

D. Cabal and Love

DIVISION SEVEN: Romanticism

94. Which of the following writers whose prose revealed an acid wit and a keen awareness of the social problems of his time and was a friend of Karl Marx, who admired his writings? _____ A. Goethe B. Schiller

C. Heine

D. Pushkin

95. Which of the following two poets were called the “Lakers”? _____

A. Wordsworth and Coleridge

B. Goethe and Schiller

C. Byron and Keats

D. Pushkin and Lermontov

96. Who is the author of Prometheus Unbound? _____

A. Keats

B. Shelley

C. Byron

D. Aeschylus

97. Which of the following writers or poets is usually called the father of European historical novel? _____

A. Goethe

B. Victor Hugo

C. Pushkin

D. Walter Scott

98. Who is the author of Notre Dame de Paris and Les Miserables on which there have been many films based? _____

A. George Sand

B. Victor Hugo

C. Daniel Defoe

D. Henry Fielding

99. Which of the following Romantic writers ever fought for women’s freedom in love and marriage? _____

A. George Sand

B. Chateaubriand

C. Victor Hugo

D. Taylor Coleridge

100. “If winter comes, can spring be far behind?” is from the ending of which of the following works? _____

A. Ode to a Nightingale

B. Eugene Onegin

C. Ode to the West Wind

D. The French Revolution

101. Which of the following writers is a female writer whose real name was Amandine Aurore Dupin? _____

A. George Sand

B. Wordsworth

C. William Blake

D. John Keats

102. Which of the following writers wrote Ode to a Nightingale and died very young? _____

A. Byron

B. Keats

C. Shelly

D. Wordsworth

103. Which of the following works was introduced to China at the end of the 19th century through Lin Shu’s translation, which bore the romantic title《撒克逊劫后英雄略》? _____

A. The Heart of Mid-Lothian

B. Boris Godunov

C. The Betrothed

D. Ivanhoe

104. Which of the following works was NOT written by Russian writer Pushkin? _____

A. Ruslan and Liudmila

B. Boris Godunov

C. A Hero of Our Time

D. Eugene Onegin

105. In which of the following works did Pushkin create a character, Onegin, who was the first “Superfluous man” in Russian literature? _____

A. Eugene Onegin

B. Boris Godunov

C. Ruslan and Liudmila

D. A Hero of Our Time

106. Which of the following writers is the greatest Polish writer during the Romanticism? _____ A. Lenmontov B. Chateaubriand

C. Leopardi

D. Mickiewicz

107. Which of the following works was published as the beginning of Romanticism in Polish literature? _____

A. Lyrical Ballads

B. Ballads and Romances

C. Pan Tadeusz

D. Konrad Wallenrod

108. Which of the following Mickiwicz’s works is his greatest epic poem, which the poet himself once compared with Scott’s historical novels? _____

A. Sonnets from the Crimea

B. Konrad Wallenrod

C. Ballads and Romances

D. Pan Tadeusz

109. Which of the following artists is NOT French? _____

A. Goya

B. David

C. Delacroix

D. Gericault

110. Which of the following artists was best known for his portraits of royalty and nobility? _____ A. David B. Turner

C. Goya

D. Constable

111. Which of the following artists was an English landscape painter? _____

A. Delacroix

B. Turner

C. David

D. Goya

112. Whose symphony NO. 6 (Pastoral) marked the beginning of 19th-century program music? _____

A. Mozart

B. Schumann

C. Beethoven

D. Schubert

113. Which of the following musicians was NOT from Germany?

A. Mendelssohn

B. Brahms

C. Schumann

D. Chopin

114. Who is the author of the famous Piano Music Waltzes? _____

A. Tchaikovsky

B. Brahms

C. Schumann

D. Schubert

115. Which of the following musicians sought to revolutionize the opera by making it a combination of the arts: dramatic, musical, and scenic? _____

A. Berlioz

B. Chopin

C. Wagner

D. Verdi

116. Who introduced the symphonic poem and invented new piano techniques and became the greatest pianist of the middle of 19th century? _____

A. Liszt

B. Schubert

C. Beethoven

D. Berlioz

MYTHOLOGY

117. In Homer’s epic poem of the 9th century B. C., who is the god of earthquake? _____

A. Ares

B. Poseidon

C. Dionysus

D. Poseidon

118. Who made the first beautiful woman that ever lived? And what was her name? _____

A. Hephaestus; Helen

B. Prometheus; Helen

C. Hephaestus; Pandora

D. Prometheus; Pandora

119. Whose shield bears at its centre the head of the Gorgon? _____

A. Zeus’s aegis

B. Poseidon’s aegis

C. Apollo’s aegis

D. Hephaestus’s aegis

120. In what book is faithful and wise Penelope a character, waiting for a score of years for her

husband’s return home? _____

A. Aeschylus’s Prometheus Bound

B. Aeschylus’s Agamemnon

C. Homer’s Iliad

D. Homer’s The Odyssey

121. Who was Achates? _____

A. In Vergil’s Aeneid, the faithful companion and friend of Aeneas

B. In Vergil’s Aeneid, a Trojan prince

C. In Vergil’s Aeneid, son of Aphrodite

D. In Vergil’s Aeneid, founder of Roman Empire

122. In the Arthurian Romance, who were the parents of Sir Galahad, the purest knight of the Round Table who gained the Holy Grail? _____

A. Arthur and Guinevere

B. Arthur and Elaine

C. Lancelot and Elaine

D. Lancelot and Guinevere

123. Whose head turned all beholders to stone? _____

A. Stheno’s

B. Medusa’s

C. Euryale’s

D. Ceto’s

124. Who used a polished shield to behead the Gorgon Medusa? _____

A. Jupiter

B. Acrisius

C. Polydectes

D. Perseus

125. For whom was Europe named? _____

A. Europa, a Phoenician princess

B. Eruopa, the Phoenician queen of Tyre

C. Europa, the daughter of Zeus

D. Europa, an ancient Greek goddess

126. What little girl was changed into gold by her father? _____

A. Medusa

B. Calthia

C. Marigold

D. Nereid

127. What twins were abandoned as babies, suckled by a she-wolf and brought up by a shepherd? _____

A. Castor and Pollux

B. Amphion and Zethos

C. Hypnos (Sleep) and Thanatos

D. Romulus and Remus

128. Who holds the Earth on his shoulders? _____

A. Menoetius

B. Atlas

C. Epimetheus

D. Prometheus

129. Who built the labyrinth for King Minos? _____

A. Daedalus

B. Minotaur

C. Erichthonius

D.Icarus

130. Who fell, consumed by flames, at Jason’s feet? _____

A. Medea

B. Creon

C. Creusa

D. Glauce

131. Who sleeps in perpetual dreamy slumber upon Mt. Latmos, visited by the moon-goddess every night? _____

A. Hypnos

B. Zeus

C. Endymion

D. Selene

132. Pygmalion and Galatea, his ivory statue which came to life, had a son. Who was he? _____ A. Paphos B. Ovid

C. Pollux

D. Aphrodite

133. What caused Orpheus to turn around, when he and his wife Euryidce were leaving Hell? _____

A. Eurydice stumbled over a stone.

B. Eurydice screamed because Cerberus (Kerberos) snarled.

C. Orpheus felt Cerberus (Kerberos) after him.

D. Orpheus heard Cerberus (Kerberos) snarling at them.

134. What fleet goddess was so fascinated by three golden apples (of Aphrodite, dropped by Hippomenes, also called Melanion) in her path that she lost a race? _____

A. Themis

B. Astraea

C. Atalanta

D. Hippomenes

135. Argus was a giant with 100 eyes. Where did his eyes go after his death? _____

A. Turned into a stone

B. Turned into the peacock’s tail

C. Transferred to Zeus’s aegis

D. Transferred to the peacock’s tail

136. For what had the left one of an Amazon’s breasts been cut off? _____

A. For saving her life

B. For the convenience of shooting arrows

C. For showing her loyalty to Troy

D. For punishing her for her disloyalty

137. Who was the most famous German siren? _____

A. The Lorelei

B. Artemis

C. Arethusa

D. Alpheus

138. What Roman woodland nymph was changed into a fountain? _____

A. Artemis

B. Callisto

C. Arethusa

D. The Lorelei

139. A hunter named Actaeon was changed by Diana into a _____ and was torn to pieces by his own hounds for having seen her bathing?

A. rabbit

B. stag

C. lamb

D. antelope

140. What daring kidnapping took place in Roman mythology? _____

A. Athena

B. Demeter

C. Astraea

D. Persephone

141. What beautiful nymph was changed into a bear by the vengeful queen Hera? _____

A. Alpheus

B. Arethusa

C. Callisto

D. The Lorelei

142. Who raped Alcmene disguised as her own husband? _____

A. Zeus

B. Electryon

C. Perseus

D. Amphitryon

143. Who was the Egyptian queen of the gods? _____

A. Juno

B. Hera

C. Isis

D. Aphrodite

144. Who became Aeneas’ wife after his journeys? _____

A. Venus

B. Andromache

C. Lavinia

D. Amata

145. What lovely blooming nymph was saved by her river-god father by being changed into a tree? _____

A. Callisto

B. Daphne

C. Artemis

D. Arethusa

146. Who was the father of Odysseus? _____

A. Telemachus

B. Sisyphus

C. Arcesius

D. Laertes

147. In classical mythology whose six sons and six daughters represent the twelve months? _____ A. Aeolus B. Dionysus

C. Ares

D. Achelous

148. What was the wedding gift of Gaea to Hera?

A. The gold ring

B. The golden apples

C. The crystal cup

D. The ruby crown

149. Who killed himself out of jealousy when Ulysses (Latin name for Odysseus) received the armor of Achilles? _____

A. Philoctetes

B. Paris

C. Great Ajax

D. Lesser Ajax

150. What kind of ears did King Midas have after he announced as judge in favor of Pan the god of woods who could make sweeter music than Apollo? _____

A. rabbit’s ears

B. stag’s ears

C. dog’s ears

D. ass’s ears

151. What do Athena and Dionysus have in common? _____

A. They share the same father, Zeus.

B. Both of them were born from Zeu s’ forehead.

C. They share the same mother, Metis.

D. They share the same mortal mother, Semele.

152. Who was the Greek god of war? _____

A. Poseidon

B. Hephaestus

C. Ares

D. Hades

153. For what is the mythical creature Echidna well-known? _____

A. Its tears were thought to heal wound.

B. It was considered the protector of the divine

C. It had the upper body of a bull and the lower body of a man.

D. It gave birth to many monsters.

154. What food had Persephone been tempted to taste during her stay in Hades? _____

A. apple

B. pomegranate

C. pineapple

D.guava

155. Whose arrow pierced Achilles’ vulnerable heel and so slew him? _____

A. Hector’s

B. Helenus’s

C. Aeneas

D. Paris’

156. What was not shared by the three old sea goddesses called Graeae? ____

A. one eye

B. one tooth

C. knowing the whereabouts of their sisters, the Gorgons

D. red hair

157. Leda and the Swan are well known in ancient mythology. Who was the Swan? _____

A. Zeus

B. Eros

C. Iris

D. Hermes

158. What god is said to have been the founder of the Olympics? _____

A. Mars

B. Mercury

C. V enus

D. Jupiter / Jove

159. Who did Perseus rescue from the sea-monster? _____

A. Calypso

B. Andromeda

C. Isis

D. Hebe

160. What god or goddess is the oldest? _____

A. Aphrodite

B. Eos

C. Nyx

D. Selene

II. Short Answer Questions

DIVISION ONE: Greek Culture and Roman Culture

1. What are the major elements in European culture?

2. Give some examples to show the enormous influence of Greek culture on English literature.

DIVISION TWO: The Bible and Christianity

3. What was the Hebrew’s major contribution to the world civilization?

4. What are the Ten Commandments about?

DIVISION THREE: The Middle Ages

5. Into what three groups were people divided under feudalism?

DIVISION FOUR: Renaissance and Reformation

6. What made Italy the birthplace of the Renaissance?

7. What are the main elements of humanism?

8. In what way was Leonardo da Vinci important during the Renaissance?

DIVISION FIVE: The Seventeenth Century

9. What were Galileo’s contributions to modern science?

10. Why do we say that Francis Bacon was a founder of modern philosophy?

11. What are some of the characteristics of Baroque art?

MYTHOLOGY

12. What beautiful woman was born of a magical egg?

13. According to Greek mythology, who was the founder of civilization?

14. Who dragged Hector’s body three times around the walls of Troy?

15. Who was the father of Jupiter?

16. Name the following again in Greek: (a) Juno, (b) Minerva, (c) Diana, (d) Pluto, (e) Bacchus.

《西方文化概论》教学大纲

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习题要点:希腊城邦的发展演变, 希腊城邦的崛起与殖民,早期希腊城邦的政治变革,斯巴达的政治与文化,雅典的政治与文化,从分离主义到帝国主义等的具体内容。 本单元重点、难点:1.希腊宗教的文化特点。2.希腊悲剧与喜剧的文化学意义。 本单元教学要求:了解希腊宗教的文化特点。理解希腊悲剧与喜剧的文化学意义。掌握希腊哲学发展的基本梗概。第三章古希腊罗马文化:城邦文化的衰落与希腊化时代 习题要点:希腊城邦文化的衰落,雅典民主制的蜕变,亚历山大帝国与希腊化时代,希腊文化精神的凋敝等的具体内容。 本单元重点、难点:1.希腊分离主义向帝国主义转化的历史契机。2.希腊化时代的文化特点。 本单元教学要求:了解希腊城邦文化的衰落的过程,理解与掌握希腊文化精神的凋敝与希腊化时代的文化特点。第四章古希腊罗马文化:罗马帝国的兴衰 习题要点:罗马政治制度演化与罗马帝国的扩张过程等的具体内容。 本单元重点、难点:1.罗马政治制度演化的基本情况。2.罗马帝国的扩张过程。 本单元教学要求:了解罗马帝国的兴衰、罗马的起源、罗马帝国的扩张、罗马政治体制的演变、恺撒与奥古斯都,理解罗马帝国的衰亡过程与原因。 第五章古希腊罗马文化:罗马文化的特征 习题要点:希腊人与罗马人,罗马英雄主义,罗马的宗教,罗马法,罗马的哲学、文学艺术和科学,罗马世风的腐化等的具体内容。 本单元重点、难点:1.罗马文化与希腊文化的联系与差异。2.罗马帝国衰落的原因。 本单元教学要求:了解罗马文化与希腊文化的联系与差异,理解与掌握罗马帝国衰落的原因。 第六章中世纪基督教文化:基督教的早期发展 习题要点:基督教的“两希”传统,基督教与希腊哲学,基督教与罗马帝国,苦难的历程,基督教的合法化与国教化,基督教与异教文化,修道运动,基督教与日耳曼族,罗马帝国时期的日耳曼人,蛮族 大入侵,蛮族的皈依等的具体内容。 本单元重点、难点:1.基督教的“两希”文化渊源。2.基督教对日耳曼蛮族的教化。 本单元教学要求:了解基督教的“两希”传统,理解与掌握基督教对日耳曼蛮族的教化(基督教与日耳曼族)等要点。 第七章中世纪基督教文化:基督教与西欧封建社会 习题要点:封建制与庄园经济,修道院经济,西欧封建社会的生活状况,西欧封建社会的政治格局,“神圣” 与“世俗”,十字军东征,“阿维农之囚”与罗马教会的衰落等的具体内容。 本单元重点、难点:1.中世纪西欧封建社会的基本特点。2.中世纪教俗之争的发展历程。 本单元教学要求:了解与理解中世纪西欧封建社会的基本特点与中世纪教俗之争的发展历程。 第八章中世纪基督教文化:中世纪西欧社会的文化概况 习题要点:中世纪西欧社会的精神生活,教会与大学,中世纪的哲学,骑士精神与骑士文学,基督教唯灵主义与哥特式建筑等的具体内容。 本单元重点、难点:1.基督教信仰对于中世纪西欧精神生活的重要影响。2.中世纪基督教文化的精神特征。本单元教学要求:了解中世纪西欧社会的精神生活,基督教信仰对于中世纪西欧精神生活的重要影响。掌握中世纪基督教文化的精神特征。 第九章中世纪基督教文化:中世纪基督教文化的衰落 习题要点:信仰的衰落与道德的沦丧,教会的堕落,宗教裁判所,基督教文化的内在矛盾等的具体内容。本单元重点、难点:1.中世纪赎罪方式的形式化和虚假化。2.基督教的本质精神与罗马天主教会的实践活动之间的尖锐矛盾。 本单元教学要求:了解中世纪信仰的衰落与道德的沦丧,中世纪赎罪方式的形式化和虚假化,基督教文化的内在矛盾,基督教的本质精神与罗马天主教会的实践活动之间的尖锐矛盾。 第十章西方近现代文化:文艺复兴与宗教改革 习题要点:文艺复兴,人文主义,宗教改革等的具体内容。 本单元重点、难点:1.文艺复兴运动与宗教改革运动的不同背景和目标。2.宗教改革运动对于西方现代化历程的客观影响。 本单元教学要求:了解、理解与掌握文艺复兴运动与宗教改革运动的不同背景和目标,宗教改革运动对于西方现代化历程的客观影响,新教三大主流教派的基本情况。

解析动物在东西方文化中的差异和内涵

解析动物在东西方文化中的差异与内涵 由于英汉两民族长期生活在不同的文化背景中,自然而然地对同一动物词产生不同的联想,赋予动物词以更丰富的文化内涵。下面从传统文化差异、审美价值取向两方面分析英汉同一动物词的文化内涵差异。 龙(dragon) 是中西方文化神话传说中的动物。中文里吉祥尊贵的“龙”与英文中邪恶凶残的dragon形成了鲜明的对比。在中国文化中,龙象征着吉祥、权威、高贵和繁荣。中华民族是“龙的传人”。在封建社会,龙是帝王的象征,历代皇帝都把自己称为“真龙天子”。时至今日,龙在中国人民心中仍是至高无上的,我们把自己的国家称作“东方巨龙”,龙可以看作是中华民族的图腾。汉语中有大量的关于龙的成语,诸如龙腾虎跃,龙飞凤舞,都展现了龙在汉文化中的文化内涵。然而在西方文化中,人们却认为dragon是邪恶的代表,是一种狰狞的怪兽,是恶魔的化身。中英文化的差异使同一动物词有不同的内涵,给人带来的联想截然不同。人们若想用英语表达汉语中的“龙”这一概念,最好将其译成the Chinese dragon。如“亚洲四小龙”可译成“Four tigers”,而不是“Four dragons”,以免引起误解。 蝙蝠(bat) 1. bat 邪恶的bat与吉利的蝙蝠。西方人一提起bat就害怕。蝙蝠令人厌恶,使人联想到丑陋与罪恶,所以英语中凡带有bat的习语都含有贬义,1 如as blind as a bat (有眼无珠) , bat成了睁眼瞎的典型形象。而在中国传统文化中,蝙蝠因其中“蝠”字与“福”字同音,摇身一变成了吉祥物。 2. bat 在英语国家里,民间认为bat是一种邪恶的动物,它总是与罪恶和黑暗势力联系在一起。所以英语中凡带有bat的习语都含有贬义,如asblind as a bat (有眼无珠),bat成了睁眼瞎的典型形象。另外,英语中的bat还有“怪诞”、“失常”等含意,如,to have bats in the belfry“精神失常”,crazy as a bat“神经错乱”。在中国传统文化中,蝙蝠因其中“蝠”字与“福”字同音,因此在中国传统文化里,

西方文化名著导读考试答案

西方文化名著导读考试答案 一、单选题(共110题,100、0分) 1 我们今天所说得“邪门外道”,这个“外道”就是从( )引用过来得。 ?A、 中国 ?B、 印度 ?C、 希腊 ?D、 巴比伦 我得答案:B得分: 0、9分 2 迄今,( )成为了世界各个文明当中占着一种强者姿态得文明。 ?A、中国文明 ?B、印度文明 ?C、希腊文明 ?D、巴比伦文明 我得答案:C得分: 0、9分 3 中国文明得独特之处就是( )。 ?A、一直绵延不断 ?B、一直繁荣昌盛 ?C、种类繁多 ?D、百花齐放 我得答案:A得分: 0、9分 4 哲学就是西方文明,尤其就是从( )开始得独特得精神产品,就是别得民族所不具备得。?A、中国文明

?B、印度文明 ?C、希腊文明 ?D、巴比伦文明 我得答案:C得分: 0、9分 5 下列哲学家中与“助产术”相关得就是( )。?A、 亚里士多德 ?B、 黑格尔 ?C、 苏格拉底 ?D、 柏拉图 我得答案:C得分: 0、9分 6 《苏格拉底得申辩》得作者就是( )。?A、亚里士多德 ?B、黑格尔 ?C、苏格拉底 ?D、柏拉图 我得答案:D得分: 0、9分 7 “吾爱吾师,吾尤爱真理”这句名言出自( )。?A、亚里士多德 ?B、黑格尔 ?C、苏格拉底 ?D、柏拉图 我得答案:A得分: 0、9分 8 勾股定理在西方被称作就是( )定理。

高斯 ?B、 毕达哥拉斯 ?C、 泰勒斯 ?D、 欧拉 我得答案:B得分: 0、9分 9 “至大无外,至小无内”出自( )。 ?A、《雅典学园》 ?B、《苏格拉底得申辩》 ?C、《庄子》 ?D、《论语》 我得答案:C得分: 0、9分 10 柏拉图认为( )就是绝对可靠得东西。 ?A、认知 ?B、概念 ?C、知识 ?D、意见 我得答案:C得分: 0、9分 11 柏拉图得作品大部分采用对话体,而对话里得主要人物就是( )。?A、 赫拉克利特 ?B、 巴门尼德 ?C、 苏格拉底

星座

星座VS 生肖:哪个更科学? 生肖与星座两者都透露着一种古老而又神秘的气息,它们是以某种具体的形象来记载节气时令的方法,其中凝结了东西方古代先民的传统与智慧的结晶。可以说是东西方文化的一个缩影。春节来临时,十二生肖的气息在中国更浓一些,究竟生肖与星座之间哪个更胜一筹?Chinese society these days is still full of colorful horoscopes and zodiac signs. Every year, grocery stores are packed with paper cuttings, wall hangings and stuffed animals in the shape of the upcoming animal year. But how applicable are these zodiac signs and predictions in every day life? Is it just an old and fading tradition? Far from it, says Stefanie Fu from Huzhou, Zhejiang Province. In China, these twelve animals still play a big part in the way some people plan events. "Maybe this year and this day is very good for engagement or for marriage or for children. I think if you want a baby, many people think about their horoscope. Many of my friends still take into account the western constellations that are very popular with us. But for most Chinese people, especially the old ones, older generation, they think the time and the horoscope are the most important things." For example, the 2007 Year of the Pig is a lucky year for happiness and ideal for bearing children. As a result, hospitals were overflowing with lucky babies. Similarly, Year of the Dog saw increases in those Chinese willing to "tie the knot." Last Year of the Tiger's ferocious feline traits were good for money and business but not for marriage. But Fu adds that she's not a big believer, but several years ago, the predictions for her year were true. "I felt very lucky that year. I passed exams, I got a high degree and I even found work. That year, I was very lucky and I think maybe it's very important." But how much of luck a state of mind? Eddy Lewis from New York has lived in different cities in China for the last four years. He suggests that maybe it's all about perspective. "I think if you're born, and people tell you that you're going to be lucky, when two gumballs come out of the gumball machine, you think, 'Ah, it's because I was born in this year.' And the guy born in the Year of the Rabbit thinks, 'Ah, what a nice day.' The person born in the Year of the Pig puts a little too much thought into it and reads a bit too much into it. So, I think you can believe whatever you want to believe that way." Because each animal is associated with personality traits, a Year of the Dog person may be someone who is loyal and honest. People born under the Year of the Rat, or Mouse, tend to be lively and spirited.

西方文化概论期末复习完整版

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浅谈中西方文化中狗的不同内涵

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星座文化

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