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《中高级口译考试词汇必备》C-E

《中高级口译考试词汇必备》C-E
《中高级口译考试词汇必备》C-E

《中高级口译考试词汇必备》C-E

C

capital n. 资本, 资金, 资产

capital flow n. 资本流动

car loans n. 汽车贷款

cash bonuses n. 现金奖励

cash flow n. 现金流量

cashier's cheque n. 本票

central business district (CBD) n. 中央商务区certificated public accountant (CPA) n. 注册会计师certified business executive n. 高级商务师

checks and balances n. 相互制约和平衡

collect call n. 对方付费电话

commerce clause n. 商业条款commercialization n. 商品化

commodity n. 商品

common law n. 习惯法

company n. 公司

[glossary] [扩展]

concern 公司,商行,康采恩(垄断组织)corporate (股份有限)公司,企业

conglomerate 集团企业,跨行业大企业

firm 公司,尤指合股、合伙公司

enterprise 企业,公司,事业

business 工商企业,商务业务

establishment 公司, 企业,商业机构

house 商业机构; 出版公司

outfit 企业, 商业组织

venture (为赢利而进行冒险的)企业

comparative advantage n. 相对优势

competition and comparison n. 竞争比较

competition mechanism n. 竞争机制

competition n. 竞争

contract n. 合同

consumers' association n. 消费者协会

consumer confidence n. 消费者信心

consumer expectations n. 消费预期

conventional industries n. 传统产业

core competitiveness n. 核心竞争力

cost n. 成本

cost-effectiveness n. 成本效益

cutting edge (have an edge on) n. 优势(比…有优势)D

dealer/ jobber/ broker n. 经销商/ 股票经纪人

deficit spending n. 赤字开支

deflation / inflation n. 通货紧缩/ 通货膨胀

demand n../v. 需求

demand curve n. 需求曲线

deposit n./v. 定金, 保证金

depreciation / appreciation n. 贬值/增值

depression n. 萧条,经济不景气的一段时期

designer clothing/jeans / sneakers n. 名牌服装/牛仔裤/运动鞋

devaluate v. (使) 贬值

discount rate n. 贴现率

distribution n. 流通, 分配

diversification of investment n. 投资多元化

double / triple / quadruple… v./ adj./ n. 两倍/三倍/四倍(翻两翻)

E

economic aggregate n. 经济总量

economic and cultural exchanges n. 经济文化交流economic belts n. 经济带

economic globalization n. 经济全球化

economic growth n. 经济增长

economic leverage n. 经济杠杆作用economic regulation n. 经济调节

economic returns n. 经济回报、经济效益economic zones n. 经济区

economical adj. 节约的, 经济的economics n. 经济学

economic ills n. 经济弊病

economy class n. (客机) 经济舱

effective Corp management n. 有效的公司管理[扩展]

“loose and tight” management张弛有度的管理

a paragon of management virtue 管理功效的典范consequence management 结果管理

hands-off management 疏松管理

HR (human resource) 人力资源

HR management 人力调配

performance management 业绩管理

PR (public relation) 公关

risk management 风险管理

transparency management 透明管理

the two-tier management system 双层管理体制top-down management 自上而下的管理模式

make one's own management decisions 自主经营

managerial and technical staff 管理技术人员managerial expertise 管理知识

effective demand n. 有效需求

efficiency n. 效率,功效

elasticity n. 弹性、可塑性、灵活度

electronic dealing n. 电子交易

electronic business (E-business) n. 电子商务

elite n. 精英

emerging market n. 新兴市场

employment insurance n. (EI, 旧称UI--unemployment insurance,失业保险) 就业保险金

employment rate n. 就业率

employment n. 就业

engine for economic growth n. 经济增长的引擎enterprise n.企业

[扩展]

annexation and reorganization of enterprises 企业兼并重组

corporate checks and balances 企业间的制衡corporate / entrepreneurial culture 企业文化corporate image(CI)/ enterprise image 企业形象cross-national corporation 跨国公司

earnings growth 收益增长

enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 创业精神entrepreneur 企业家

entrepreneurship 企业家身分(地位、职权、能力)

foreign-capital enterprise 外资企业

foreign-invested venture 外资企业

free enterprise 自由企业(制) 政府很少干预,私人自

主经营

individual initiative 个人主动性

initial capital 启动资金

listing of a company 企业上市multinational corporation 跨国公司

team spirit; esprit de corps 团队精神traditional-bound business 受传统束缚的企业transformation (企业)转型

transnational corporation 跨国公司registered capital 注册资本

overseas-funded enterprises 外资企业equities [英][pl. ](无固定利息的)股票, 证券

翻译作业

The Art of Living The art of living is to know when to hold fast and when to let go. For life is a paradox: it enjoins us to cling to its many gifts even while it ordains their eventual relinquishment. The rabbis of old put it this way: " A man comes to this world with his fist clenched, but when he dies, his hand is open." 生活的艺术在于懂得何时紧紧抓住,何时放手。生活就是一个悖论:它要我们抓住生命赐予的礼物,却又要在最后一一放手。古时的犹太拉比说:“人来到这个世上时紧握着拳头,但当他离去时,手又松开了。” Surely we ought to hold fast to life, for it is wondrous, and full of a beauty that breaks through every pore of God's own earth. 当然我们应紧紧抓住生命,因为它让人惊奇,并且充满了美,它散落在上帝所创造的每一寸土地上的。 We know that this is so, but all too often we recognize this truth only in our backward glance when we remember what was and then suddenly realize that it is no more. 我们知道确实如此,但是我们总在回首时才意识到,过去的一切我们仍然记得,但却明白了一切不再如此。 We remember a beauty that faded, a love that waned. But we remember with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered, that we failed to respond with love when it was tendered. 我们会记起的,是一种凋谢的美,一份逝去的爱。当美绽放时我们并没有去留意这份美,当爱情来临时我们未能报之以爱。回想这些,我们会更加心痛。 Here then is the first pole of life's paradoxical demands on us: Never too busy for the wonder and the awe of life. 生活给我们的第一个矛盾的真理:永远不要因为太过忙碌而错过了人生的奇迹与壮丽。 Be reverent before each dawning day. Embrace each hour. Seize each golden minute. 崇敬每一天。拥抱每一小时。抓紧每一分钟。 Hold fast to life... but not so fast that you cannot let go. This is the second side of life's coin, the opposite pole of its paradox: we must accept our losses, and learn how to let go. 牢牢抓住人生,但不要抓得太紧,免得到时候不能放手。放手是人生硬币的另一面,是人生矛盾的另一极:我们必须接受失去并学会放手。 And ultimately, as the parable of the open and closed hand suggests, we must confront the inevitability of our own demise, losing ourselves as it were, all that we were or dreamed to be.

翻译作业

《形合和意合的差异与英汉互译》---英语专业论文范文 关键词:英汉互译形合意合语篇 摘要:由于英语语篇讲究形合,汉语语篇讲究意合,两种语言在联句成篇上的明显差异导致英汉互译不是原文单词与译文单词的对译,而是两种语言的语篇动态对译。掌握两者的差异,有助于更准确地理解原文,更地道地构建译文。 关键词:英汉;互译;形合;意合;语篇 一、引言 语言是文化的载体,任何一种语言都反映了与其相应的文化。西方人重形式分析和逻辑推理,强调“由一到多”的思维传统。在处理问题上,注意把具体问题从总体中分离出来,把极复杂的问题划分为比较简单的形式和部分,然后逐一去研究;汉民族讲究“天人合一”,重视整体思维,注重心理时空的思维方式。在处理问题上,注意从整体上,从一事物与他事物的联系上加以认识,予以解决。英汉民族思维模式的差异导致两种语言在结构上差异明显。英语讲究形合,语法显性,而汉语则注重“意合”,语法隐性。所谓形合,指的是句中的词语或分句之间用语言形式手段(如关联词)连接起来,表达语法意义和逻辑关系。汉语讲究意合。所谓意合,指的是词语或分句之间不用语言形式手段连接,句中的语法意义和逻辑关系通过词语或分句的含义表达。形合和意合的差异是英汉在语言学上最重要的一个区别。 二、英汉语篇形合与意合差异对英汉互译的影响 任何语言都不是独立地使用一种固定的表达模式来传递语言信息的,而是两种模式的混合自由作用。但是受文化背景、思维模式的影响,在表达过程中会表现出不同的特点。英语重形合,汉语重意合。英语行文注重结构、形式,注重显性接应,以形显意,语义连贯诉诸理性,因而句子结构严谨、完整。汉语行文注重功能、意义,注重隐性连贯,以神统形,语义连贯诉诸意向,因而汉语句子比较简洁,少用甚至不用形式连接手段。英汉在语篇的连句表意中彰显出不同的表达特色。可见英汉互译不是原文单词与译文单词的对译,而是两种语言的语篇动态对译。成功的译文应在意义上与原文等值,在遣词造句上看不出硬译的痕迹,符合译文行文要求和表达习惯,做到“信、达、雅”,即:忠实原文的实质精神,表达充分又确切,文字优雅流畅。 英汉形合、意合的差异导致汉译英时,若不加分析,一概完整地逐字、逐词、逐句照译,势必出现“汉化英语”,译文成为英文语篇中的破句或电报语,而英译汉时,则出现“英化汉语”,原文中所存在的连词在译文语篇中显得有些苍白,甚至累赘,失去了语言的简洁性、紧凑性。翻译实践证明,大量句子英汉互译时,往往需要在语篇中重新构建符合译文语言特点的表达。 1. 句子主语的调整。 英汉语句子均由主语和谓语两大部分组成,但英汉语句子主谓之间的句法关系差异明显。英语重形合,句子的主谓之间存有强制性的一致关系,决定谓语动词的人称形式和数形式,因此英语句子的主语在句中一般是不可或缺的。它是如此地不可或缺,以致当主语因修辞原因而移位时,甚至要使用形式主语来补足空位。汉语重意合,句子的主谓之间没有强制性的一致关系,主语对谓语动词的形式没有决定作用,句法地位并不十分重要,在语境(包括上下文、情景语境、常识与背景知识等)中为交际双方所共知的主语常常省去,以意承脉,因而汉语中存在大量的无主句或主语省略句。如以下汉语中的无主句,译成英语时则要补出主语。 (1)好,不再说了吧;要落泪了,真想念北平呀! (老舍,想北平) Now,let me leave off writing,for I am on the point of shedding tears. How I miss. Peiping! (2)凭窗站了一会儿,微微的觉得凉意侵人。 (冰心,笑) Standing at the window for a while,I felt a bit chilly. (3)It is hard to find out what any county can door will do next. (Lord Dunsany:The Greatest Invention) 很难预料一个国家能做什么或是接着会干什么。 2. 句式上的调整。 意合在形态上是平级配列,而形合在形态上是次级配列。汉语的句子以说话者的意念为主轴,形成一种意念机制,表

翻译作业

翻译作业 1.His acceptance of bribes led to his arrest 他接受贿赂导致被捕。. 2.Computers have changed the way we work and play. 电脑改变了我们工作和娱乐的方式。 3.She turned towards me immediately. The elegance of every moment of her limbs and body as soon as she began to advance from the far end of the room., set me in a flutter of expectation to see her face clearly. 她立即转向我。每当她开始从房间的尽头往前走时,她每一刻举手投足的优雅都吸引着我想把她的脸看清楚。 4.The flowers smells sweet. 花香四溢。 5.It tastes too much of garlic. 蒜味很重。 6.He didn’t look or act like his usual sel f—his face was very red, his hat was on the back of his head, his hair was wildly rumpled. 他看上去和行为都和他往常不一样--面色绯红,帽子后戴,头发凌乱。 7.We are faintly conscious of the fact that this is a smallish island country.

翻译作业

1. 私か田舎から北京へ来て、またたく間に6年になる。その間、耳に聞き目に見た国家の大事になるものは数えてみれば相当あった。 2. 動物はそれなりにその生活条件に適応している。その中でも自然条件が動物に与える影響は大きいものである。ところが人類は、生まれっいて文化環境の中に暮らす。すなわち自然環境と接する場合にも、その間に文化というものが媒介するのである。文化は言語によって仲間に、又時代に伝えられる。人類は其れによって気まぐれな自然の脅威から巧みに身を守ってきた。人類から文化を取り除いてしまえば、これほど無カで臆病な動物が あるだろうか。 3. 地図を調べてみても、人間が歩いていけそうな距離には村なんてない。其れなのに、人が歩いている。荷物らしい荷物も持たずに、頭に何かを載せただけで、ただただ歩いている。 4. 私は彼女と長年苦しく愛し合っていたが、この愛は彼女を傷つけた。その分、私自身も傷つけられた。 5 ジェトロ青島事務所の開設を記念いたしまして、講演会のご案内をいたしましたところ、かくも多、くの皆様に御参集いただき、厚くお礼を申し上げます。各界を代表するご高名の方がお見えでございます。いちいちお名前を申し上げませんが。心 よりお礼を申し上げます。ありがとうございました 为了纪念ジュトロ青島事務所得开设,借演讲介绍来感谢大家在百忙之中, 来出席这次演讲。这次演讲的加宾有各界的知名人士,在这就不一一列举了,真得很感谢你们的捧场。 6. 視聴率さえとっていれば、どんな「やらせ」をやろうとも、メデ??の責任を考えれば、モラルに反すると思うことをやっでも、大手を振ることができる世界で、それを見習ってい<人間と、そんなことはしたくないと気力が萎えてしまう人間が生まれ、富み栄えるのは前者ということになる。 7 そればかりではない。考えてみれば、要資格職業での学科試験中心の運営は、(こうした諸試験の合格率の高い大学を求めた偏差値中心の受験体制を促進強化する)ことにもつながっている

英汉翻译中的增词法和减词法

英汉翻译中的增词法和减词法 英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时既可能要将词类加以转换,又可能要在词量上加以增减。 标签:翻译;增词法;减词法 英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时既可能要将词类加以转换,又可能要在词量上加以增减。增补法就是在翻译时按意义上和句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。减词法也可以称之为省略法。省略是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来,因为其在译文中是不言而喻的。但省略并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。 一、增词法 (一)词汇加词,也就是说,由于词汇方面的原因而引起的加词现象 1.加动词 由于英语的词汇当中,名词居多;而汉语则不管有多少动词都可以并排使用。因此,许多英语的名词翻译成汉语时都要加上一些动词,否则,意思则很不完整,例如: The cities utilize these funds for education,police and fire departments,public works and municipal buildings.市政府将这些资金用于兴办教育事业,加强治安消防,投资公共建筑和市政工程。 2.加名词 在汉语中,及物和不及物动词的区别不是很明显;而英语对及物动词和不及物动词的区别很明显,特别是一些不及物动词必须带上后面的宾语句子意思才完整。因此,我们在翻译时往往需要增词。例如: According to scientists,it takes nature 500years to create an inch of topaoil. 根据科学家们的看法,自然界要用500年的时间才能形成一英寸厚的表面土壤。 3.加形容词 With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism. 中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊!

增词法减词法补充,课后看

通过英译汉中的增词法减词法复习汉译英增词法减词法 I. What is Omission Omission: Amplification to leave out some unnecessary words. One of the differences in syntax between English and Chinese is the disparity in wording. What is regarded as a natural or indispensable element in one language may be regarded as superfluous or even “a stumbling block”in the other. For the sake of succinctness, functional words in English such as the article, the preposition are usually omitted in translation. The time-keeping devices of electronic watches are much more accurate than those of mechanical ones. 电子表比机械表准确得多。 He took off his coat and shoes. Then he put on his slippers,went to the sofa and began to watch TV. After a moment, he asked his wife to bring him a cup of tea. 他脱了大衣和鞋子,然后穿上拖鞋,走到沙发前,开始看电视。过了一会儿,他叫妻子给他端杯茶来。 3) A difference arose between the neighbors over the height of the fence. 邻居之间为了篱笆的高度惹起了一场争论。 邻居为篱笆的高低有过争论。(思果,《译道探微》,中国对外翻译出版公司,2002) II. Omission of pronoun 1. 在英语中,代词充当主语的情况相当多。为了使译文前后的句子意思紧凑,避免重复 用词,汉语习惯采用无主句,其主语就是前面的代词。 He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable. 他消瘦而憔悴,看上去痛苦不堪的样子(一副可怜相) He was well-favoured, bright, a good dancer, a fair shot and a fine tennis player. He was an asset at any party. He was lavish with flowers and expensive boxes of chocolate, and though he entertained little, when he did it was with an originality that pleased. 他很聪明,舞跳得不错,枪打得也可以,网球也打得挺好,深得(女孩子)喜爱。他是宴会中的宝贝儿,任意购买鲜花和高价巧克力送人。尽管他不大请客,请起来也别有一番创意,让人开心不已。 2.英语中的泛指人称代词作主语时,常常可以省略,翻译成无主句。 As you come into the room, you’ll notice a piano. 一进房间门,就会看见一台钢琴。 One can never be too careful in one’s work. 工作越仔细越好。 Fight when you can win; move away when you cannot win. 打得赢就打,打不赢就走。 We have 7 days a week and 24 hours a day. 一周有七天,一天有24小时。 1) The significance of a man is not in what he attains but rather in what he longs to attain. 人生的意义不在于已获取的,而在于渴望获得什么样的东西。

翻译作业2

SZ170420117 环境一班任云帆 Peter Newmark: The first traces of translation date from 3000 BC, during the Egyptian Old Kingdom, in the area of the First Cataract, Elephantine, where inscriptions i n two languages have been found. 最早的翻译的痕迹来自公元前3000年,那时正是古埃及王朝。在第一瀑布(注:地处埃及和苏丹的边界,亚斯旺南郊)首次发现了用两种语言篆刻的碑文。 It became a significant factor in the West in 300 BC, when the Romans took over wholesale many elements of Greek culture, including the whole religious apparatus. 一个很重要的因素是:公园前300年的西方,罗马人垄断了许多的希腊文化元素,包括整个宗教组织。In the twelfth century, the West came into contact with Islam in Moorish Sp ain. 在二十世纪,西方人开始与西班牙的摩尔穆斯林们建立联系。 The situation favoured the two essential conditions for large-scale translation (Storig, 1963): 这样的情景下推动大规模翻译的两个中重要条件是: a qualitative difference in culture (the West was inferior but scientifically acquisitive and receptive to new ideas) and continuous contact between two languages. 文化中的定性差异(西方人比较落后,但是更加贪求科技并且更易于接受新的思想)和两种语言简的持续交流 When the Moorish supremacy collapsed in Spain, the Toledo school of translato rs translated Arabic versions of Greek scientific and philosophical classics. 当摩尔人在西班牙的霸权瓦解,托莱多翻译学院翻译了很多阿拉伯语版的希腊科学和哲学的经典。Luther’s Bible translation in 1522 laid the foundations of modern German and King James’s Bible (1611) had a seminal influence on English language and literature. 卢瑟在1522年翻译的圣经立足于现代德国和金·詹姆斯在1611年翻译的版本,它对英国的语言和文学有着有着重要的影响。 Significant periods of translation preceded Shakespeare and his contemporaries, French classicism and the Romantic Movements. 莎士比亚时期,法兰西古典时期和浪漫主义运动时期都是翻译界中很重要的时期 全文: 最早的翻译的踪迹公元前3000年,那时正是古埃及王朝。在第一瀑布(注:地处埃及和苏丹的边界,亚斯旺南郊)首次发现了用两种语言篆刻的碑文。一个很重要的因素是:公园前300年的西方,罗马人垄断了许多的希腊文化元素,包括整个宗教组织。在二十世纪,西方人开始与西班牙的摩尔穆斯林们建立联系。这样的情景下,推动大规模翻译的两个中重要条件是:文化中的定性差异(西方人比较落后,但是更加贪求科技并且更易于接受新的思想)和两种语言的持续交流。摩尔人在西班牙的霸权瓦解后,托莱多翻译学院翻译了很多阿拉伯语版的希腊科学和哲学的经典。卢瑟在1522年翻译的圣经立足于现代德国和金·詹姆斯在1611年翻译的版本,它对英国的语言和文学有着有着重要的影响。莎士比亚时期,法兰西古典时期和浪漫主义运动时期都是翻译界中很重要的时期。

翻译技巧:加词法和减词法

翻译技巧(二):加词法和减词法 加(增)词法 英汉两种语言,由于表达方法不尽相同,有些词在英语中可以省略而不会影响全句意思的完整表达,但译成汉语后就可能出现意思不够明确的语言现象;还有些词虽然在原文中意义明确而完整,但译成汉语后文字却不甚通顺流畅。在这种情况下,就需要使用增词译法。增词法就是在翻译时按照意义、修辞或句法上的需要,在原文的基础上添加必要的单词、词组、分句或完整句,从而使得译文在语法、语言形式上符合译文习惯和在文化背景、词语联想方面与原文一致,使得译文与原文在内容、形式和精神等三方面都对等起来,更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。 S y n t a c t i c a l A m p l i f i c a t i o n(从句法结构上考虑的增词) This kind of amplification includes: amplification by supplying such kinds of words as verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, numerals, category words, generalization words, and the plural forms of nouns. (1) 增加量词(classifier) 英语中数词与可数名词往往可以直接连用,不用加量词。而汉语往往要加量词。 It was a nova! 这是一颗新星! The sun rose thinly from the sea. 一轮红日从海边淡淡升起。 A stream was winding its ways through the valley into the river. 一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷,汇到江里去了。 (2) 增加表达复数的词(convey the concept of plurality)

翻译作业一

Session 6 Conversion 转性译法 请按要求翻译下列各句: 1. Let us take a serious, reasonable look at what the results might be if such a proposal were accepted. (into adv.) 2. John was eloquent and elegant ---but soft. (into noun) 3. Ice is not as dense as water and it therefore floats. (into noun) 4. The communication system is chiefly characterized by its ease with which it can be maintained. 5. This new electronic computer is most widely used and plays an important part in scientific research. (into noun) 6. His statement yesterday was inconsistent with the facts. (into verb) 7. We are enemies of all wars, but above all of dynastic wars. (into verb) 8. Our age is witnessing a profound political change. (into noun) 9. Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction. (into n.) 10. Securities laws require companies to treat all shareholders reasonably equally. (into adj.) How to Grow Old The best way to overcome the fear of death ----so at least it seems to me --- is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river--- small at first, narrowly contained within its banks and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue.

增词法和减词法 translation

Amplification & Omission增词法和减词法 翻译的标准首先是忠实于原文。那么,忠实是否就意味着我们在翻译过程中不能增加词也不能减少词呢?实际上并非如此。美国著名翻译学家奈达曾经说过“Translation is translating meaning”,在翻译过程中主要是准确表达出原文的意思,而不必拘泥于原文用词的形式。英汉两种语言不论在词汇上还是在句法上都存在着显著的差异,一味拘泥于原文的形式,有时会令人费解、语句罗嗦或偏离原文的意思。适当地增加一些词或者省略一些词,恰恰是为了达到忠实于原文或者通顺流畅表达的目的。下面分别举例介绍一下英汉翻译过程中常见的增词和减词的用法。 1.增词法 增词法并不是说译者可以随心所欲地增加任何词。一般说来,增加的词尽管没有出现在原文字面上,但实际上其意思都隐含在原文中。经常使用的增词法有以下几种情况: (1)增加表示时态和复数的词 英语具有某些综合形语言的特征,可以通过名词、动词的词形变化来表现时态和复数。而汉语则是典型的分析形语言,词形本身没有变化,要表示时态和复数需要通

过增加相应的时间副词或表示复数的词。所以一定要注意在汉语译文中添加这些词,如: 例1:His father was a fisherman. He was as poor as we are. 译文:他父亲过去是个渔夫。那时候他和我们现在一样穷。 例2:The agreement will come into force next spring. 译文:协议将于明年生效。 例3:Lion is the king of animals. 译文:狮子是百兽之王。 例4:As is known to all, air is a mixture of gases. 译文:众所周知,空气是许多种气体的混合物。 (2)增加语义表达中需要的词 增加语义表达中需要的词,是指为了使译文表达通顺流畅而根据汉语的表达习惯增加的一些词。经常增加的语义表达中需要的词有动词、名词、形容词、副词和量词。 1) 增加动词 汉语句子中动词占优势,使用的频率很高。因此英汉翻译中经常需要根据上下文的意思添加一些动词,使译文表达更加清楚、通顺,如: 例5:He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech.

翻译作业

旅游资料的翻译 1.杭州——“人间天堂” 意大利著名旅行家马可·波罗曾这样叙述他印象中的杭州“这是世界上最美妙的城市,它使人觉得自己在天堂。”在中国也流传着这样的话:“上有天堂,下有苏杭。”杭州的名气主要在于风景如画的西湖。西湖一年四季都美不胜收,宋代著名诗人苏东坡用“淡妆浓抹总相宜”的诗句来赞誉西湖。在杭州,您可以饱览西湖的秀色,也不妨漫步街头闹市,品尝一下杭州的名菜名点,还可以购上几样名特土产。苏堤和白堤把西湖一分为二,仿佛两条绿色的缎带,飘逸于碧波之上。湖中心有三个小岛:阮公墩、湖心亭和小瀛洲。湖水泛着涟漪,四周山林茂密,点缀着楼台亭阁,是我国最有名的旅游景点之一。 杭州人观西湖有个说法:“晴湖不如雨湖,雨湖不如夜湖。”您在杭州,一定要去领略一下西湖的风韵,看看此说是否有道理。 杭州是中国著名的六大古都之一,已有两千多年的历史。杭州不仅以自然美景闻名于世,而且有着传统的文化魅力。不仅有历代文人墨客的题咏,而且有美味佳肴和漂亮的工艺品。 杭州是中国的“丝绸之府”,丝绸产品品种繁多,其中以织锦尤为引人注目。杭州还专门生产墨纸扇和檀香扇。其他特产有西湖绸伞和中国十大名茶之一的西湖龙井。 The famous Italian traveler Marco Polo was so impressed by the beauty of Hangzhou that he described it as “the most fascinating city in the world where one feels that one is in paradise.” In China, there has been a century-old popular saying pr aising the city: “In Heaven there is Paradise; on Earth there are Suzhou and Hangzhou.” Hangzhou’s fame lies mainly in its picturesque West Lake. As it is beautiful all the year round, the West Lake was compared by Su Dongpo, a celebrated poet of the Song Dynasty, to a beauty “who is always charming in either light or heavy makeup.” In Hangzhou, you will not only find the lake a perfect delight to the eye but also find it a joy to stroll along the busy streets, taste

翻译作业

翻译练习 一、翻译下列各句(注意理解原文) 1.she is no fool. 2.He is not incapable. 3.I can’t help thinking that he is still alive. 4.It is a long lane that has no turning. 5.She never comes without bringing some candy for the children. 二、翻译下列各句(注意时态的变换) 1.After the outbreak of the war, the whole country was armed in a few days. 2.At that meeting an agreement was very soon arrived at. 3.I’m afraid I shall be laughed at. 4.My first twenty years were spent in a poverty-stricken countryside. 5.They were given a hearty welcome. 6.Rivers are controlled by dams. 7.Hitler was also washed away by the storms of history. 8.Most of the questions have been settled satisfactorily, only a few of secondary importance remain to be discussed. 三、对照下列原文及其译文,指出斜(或黑)体部分的翻译中所用的技巧 1.There was no haste or restlessness in his manner but a posed friendliness. 他从容不迫,和蔼可亲。 2.Bright, very bright were the stars over the wild, dark Yan’an hills. 在延安的荒凉的漆黑的群山上空,闪烁着明亮洁白的星星。 3.All of his purchases of recent years had to be liquidated at a great sacrifice both to his health and his pocketbook. 近年来他所购买的全部东西都不得不用来清偿债务。这对他的健康和经济都是个很大的损失。 4.The lifetime dream of every mature artist in the United States was a Lathrop prize. 在美国,每个有成就感的艺术家一生的梦想,便是得一次拉索普奖金。

Unit 3 增词法和减词法

Unit 3增词法和减词法(Amplification and Omission) 课时: 2 H 教学目的要求: 在汉译英中能熟练使用增词法和减词法的翻译技巧。 教学重点: 增词法和减词法(代词和连词) 教学难点: 汉语排比句的翻译,使用减词法。 教学内容: Amplification: 一、为了保证语法结构的完整: 代词: 汉语中有许多没有主语的句子,英语则一般需要主语;另外汉语中很多名词前都没有代词,需要增补。 1.大作收到,十分高兴。 I have very glad to have received yourwriting. 2.没有调查就没有发言权。 He whomakes no investigation and study has no right to speak. 3.把这些故事看完以后,用你自己的话讲一遍。 After you have read these stories, tell themin your own words.

4.我们响应了祖国的号召。 We responded to the call of our motherland. 5.她用手蒙住脸,好象是为了保护眼睛。 She covered her face with her hands, as if to protect hereyes. 6.孩子们天天带午饭到学校去吃。 The children take their lunch to school every day. 7.我们的心永远向着祖国。 Our hearts are always towards our motherland. 连词: 汉语重意合,英语重形合,把汉语翻译成英语时,要适当增加连词。 1.虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward,whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 2.留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 3.村里的男女老少都喜欢那个小超市买东西。 Men and women,old and young in the village,all like shopping in this small supermarket. 4.我妈妈来了,我得回去了。 My mother has arrived, so I have to leave now. 5.送君千里,终有一别。 介词:

翻译作业

1.由于中国实行正确政策的结果,在中国的大部分合资企业都盈利,有些可能不盈不亏,而几乎没有一家是亏本的。 As a result of Chinese government is enforcing the correct policy , most joint ventures in China are a profit , some may break even, while practically no firm is a loss . 2. 中国的改革开放政策,引起了社会经济结构的巨大变化。结果使得国民经济大大发展,人民的生活水平大幅度提高。 The reform and opening-up policy in China has brought about tremendous changes in socioeconomic formation, resulting in a great development in national economy and a substantial rise of people’s standard of living. 3.在银行利率和股市交易之间,存在着错综复杂的关系。一般说来,高利率会倾向于使股价指数降低,反过来也一样。 An intricate connection exists between bank interest rates and stock market trading. Generally, a high interest rate will tend to bring down the stock price index and vice versa. 4.企业要发达,就必须有好的形象,必须不卖伪劣产品,必须价格合理。宣传是需要的,但广告不要夸大其词。 If an enterprise is to prosper, it should have a good image; it should not sell fake or shoddy products, and should set reasonable prices. Promotion is necessary, but advertisements should never exaggerate. 5. 吃得太多,并不会使人更健康;相反,吃得太多,尤其是吃含脂肪多的食物,会对人体的健康有害。因此,节食是可取的。 eating too much will not make people healthier,.To the contrary, eating too much, especially food contains too much fat, does harm to people's health. Therefore, it's advisable to be on a diet. 6.像麦当劳、肯德鸡这样的快餐厅,目前在中国像雨后春笋般发展起来;中国的传统快餐,像包子、饺子,能不能改进一下,与外国的产品竞争? Such fast food restaurants as McDonald's and KFC are mushrooming in China.Can Chinese traditional fast food like jiaozi and baozi ,be imiproved so as to compet with foreign products? 7.像许多西方人那样经常不吃早餐,并不是聪明的做法。我们中国人说:早餐要饱,午餐要好,晚餐要少,从科学上来说无疑食正确的。 It's unwise to usually go without breakfast as many Westerners do.We Chinese say: a full breakfast,nice lunch and light dinner --that is,no doubt, scientifically correct. 8. 许多人喜欢去玩卡拉OK,因为觉得卡拉OK 令人兴奋;但也有人根本不想去,因为觉得卡拉OK 太吵。 Many people like to go to the karaoke, because they find it exciting,but there are also pople who don't want to to for at all, because they think it too noisy.

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