英语词汇学试卷

英语词汇学试卷(课程代码0832)

第一部分选择题

I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative

answers．Choose the one that would best complete the

statement and put the letter in the bracket．(30％)

1．There are two approaches to the study of polysemy．They are_____.

A．primary and secondary B．Central and peripheral

C．diachronic and synchronic D．Formal and functional [ C ]

2．Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idioms?

A．Colloquial B．Slang C．Negative D．Literary [ C ] 3．Synonyms can be classified into two major groups，that is：_____.

A．absolute and relative B．Absolute and complete

C．relative and near D．Complete and identical [ A ]

4．In the early period of Middle English，English，____existed side by side，

A．Celtic and Danish B．Danish and French

C．Latin and Celtic D．French and Latin [ D ]

5． A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single_______morpheme．A．formal B．Concrete C．free D．bound [ C ]

6．Which of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated?

A，croak，drum B．squeak，bleat

C．buzz，neigh D．bang，trumpet [ A ]

7．LDCE is distinctive for its____.

A．Clear grammar codes B．usage notes

C．language notes D．all of the above [ D]

8．From the historical point of view, English is more closely related to

A．German B．French C．Scotttish D．Irish [ A ]

9．Which of the following is NOT an acronym?

A．TOEFL B．ODYSSEY C．BASIC D．CCTV [ B ]

10. In the course book，the author lists____types of context clues for inferring word meaning．

A．eight B．Six C．seven D．five [ A ]

11．Sources of homonyms include____.

A．changes in sound and spelling B．borrowing

C．shortening D．all of the above [ D ]

12．The written form of English is a(an)________representation of the spoken form．A．selective B．Adequate C．imperfect D．natural [ C] 13．Structurally a____is the smallest meaningful unit of a language．

A．morpheme B．Stem C. stemord D．compound [ A ] 14．Unlike affixes，____are often free morphemes．

A．sufrixes B．Prefixes C．inflectional morphemes D．roots [ D ] 15．The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times were French. Latin，____.

A．Scandinavian and Italian B．Greek and Scandinavian

C．Celtic and Greek D．Italian and Spanish [ B]

第二部分非选择题B

Ⅱ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book．(10%)

16．The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo is____.

17．Longman lexicon of Contemporary English is a____dictionary．

18．When a new word appears for the first time，the author usually manages to give hints or ____ in the context to help the readers．

19．Radiation and ____ are the two coinages which the development of word meaning follows from monosemy to polysemy．

20．Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to____.

Ⅲ．Match the words or explessions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)word Origin，

2)word formation. and 3)types of Synonyms or antonyms．(10%)

A B

( D )21．skill A．back—formation

( A )22．babysit B．blendlng

( B )23．telequiz C．French origin

( H )24．composition／compounding D．Scandinavian origin

( C )25．government E．clipping

( I )26．same／different F. relative synonyms

( E )27．gent G. Germanic

( G )28．English H．absolute synonyms

( F )29．change／alter I. contradictory terms

( J )30．big／small J．contrary terms

IV．Smdy the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of bound morphemes underlined, 2) types of meanings,3)processes of meaning development，and 4)formation of compounds．(10%) 31．neck→primary meaning：that part of man joining the head to the body；

a secondary meaning：the narrowest part of anything．(Metaphor)

32．contradict ( )

33．mother：love，care ( connotative meaning )

34．upcoming ( conpound )

35．window shopping ( )

36．radlos ( )

37．property developer ( )

38．Candidate→earlier meaning：white-robed；

later meaning：a person proposed for a place，award etc．( )overcoat

39．handsomo-tyoewhter ( )man

40．northward ( )

V. Define the following terms. (10%)

41.encyclopendia

42.borrcwed

43.blending

44.extension

45.phrasal verb

VI. Answer the following questing questions. Your answers should be Clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)

46.what is the difference prefixation and suffixation? Explain with two examples.

47.what is extra-linguistic context?

48.what is polysemy? Illustrate your points.

VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)

49. Study the following sentence and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then

what contextual help you to work out the meaning.

Carnivores are very dangerous. Not long ago, a tiger escaped from the zoo and killed a dog in

The street and ate it.

50.Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on this statement with one example.

英语词汇学答案(课程代码0832)

1.C

2.C

3.A

4.D

5.C

6.A

7.D

8.A

9.B 10.A 11.D 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.B

16．extension 或generalization 17．Specialized 18．clues 19．concatenation 20．1500

21．D 22．A 23．B 24．H 25．C 26．I 27．E 28．G 29．F 30．J

31．radiation 32．bound root 33．connotative meaning 34．adv+v-ing

35．n+v-ing 36．inflectional affix／inflectional morpheme 37．n+v-er 38.concatenation 39．collocative meaning 40．suffix／derivational affix

41．An encyclopedia provides encyclopedic information concerning each headword；it is not

concerned with the language per se.

42．Borrowed words,also，known，as loan words，are words taken over from foreign languages．

43．It refers to the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word with a part of another word．

44．Extension is a process by which a word which originally had a specialized meaning has now

become generalized．

45.idiom composed of a verb plus a preposition and／or a particle．

46．Prefixation does not generally change the word-class of the stem；it only modifies its meaning.

e.g．treat--maltreat

Suffixation，On the other hand，changes the word-class instead of its meaning. e.g．Employ—

Employer

47.(1)Known as non-linguistic context or context of situation．

(2)components

a.participants(addresser and addressee) writer and reader speaker and listener／hearer

b.time and place

c.cultural background

48.要点：1)a common feature peculiar to all natural languages．

2)have more than one sense．

3)The problem of polesemy Can be dealt with --diachronic approach and synchronic approach．

VII．49(1)tiger is a hyponym，of carnivore

(2)carnivore is a superordinate of tiger

(3)tiger feeds on meat as known by all

(4)carnivore may feed on meat

(5)therefore，a carnivore is a meat-eating animal

50.(1)connotative meaning，known as connotation，refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning．

(2)connotative meanings are not given in the dictionary．but associated with the word in actual context to particular readers or speakers．Thus they are unstable varying considerably according to culture，historical period and the experience of the individual．

(3)For example，home may remind one child of warmth，safety or love，while to another child who is often scolded or beaten at home, it may mean indifference，hatred，or even hell．

全国2010年7月高等教育自学考试

1. As defined in terms of spoken language, a word is viewed as a sound or combination of sounds which are made voluntarily with human ______ equipment.( )

A. visual

B. V ocal

C. physical

D. mental

2. Words may fall into content words and functional words by ______.( )

A. use frequency

B. Notion

C. origin

D. sound

3. ______ refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves. ( )

A. Terminology

B. Archaisms

C. Slang

D. Jargon

4. Which of the following is NOT one of the three channels through which modern English vocabulary develops? ( )

A. Creation.

B. Semantic changes.

C. Clipping.

D. Borrowing.

5. Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT ______.( )

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/401704497.html, dinner

B. Earthrise

C. moon walk

D. space shuttle

6. The surviving languages fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into the Eastern set and the _______ set. ( )

A. Western

B. African

C. American

D. Northern

7. The plural morpheme "-s" is pronounced as/z/in the following words EXCEPT ______.( )

A. beds

B. Bags

C. cheats

D. bottles

8. The word "prisoner" comprises ______ morphemes. ( )

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

9. The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.( )

A. reread

B. Prewar

C. bloody

D. harder

10. The prefix "over-" in the word "overweight" is a prefix of ______.( )

A. orientation and attitude

B. degree or size

C. time and order

D. number

11. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is called ______.( )

A. back-formation

B. Acronymy

C. conversion

D. clipping

12. "Champagne", a common noun, comes from a ______.( )

A. name of a person

B. name of a place

C. name of a book

D. tradename

13. ______ is the relationship between language and the world. ( )

A. Reference

B. Concept

C. Sense

D. Motivation

14. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its ______.( )

A. form

B. Pronunciation

C. spelling

D. meaning

15. The word"______"is an onomatopoetically motivated word. ( )

A. miaow

B. Sword

C. laconic

D. airmail

16. In modern English, an overwhelming majority of words are ______.( )

A. original

B. Initial

C. polysemous

D. periodical

17. ______, the derived meanings, no matter how many, are secondary in comparison. ( )

A. Synchronically

B. Diachronically

C. Etymologically

D. Onomatopoetically

18. Want, wish, like and desire are synonyms, but as far as intensity is concerned, ______ is the strongest of all. ( )

A. wish

B. Like

C. want

D. desire

19. There are five types of meaning changes and among which ______ are the most common.

( )

A. degradation and elevation

B. transfer and extension

C. elevation and narrowing

D. extension and narrowing

20. Due to ______ reason, a word is retained for a name though the meaning has changed because the referent has changed. ( )

A. psychological

B. Historical

C. class

D. linguistic

21. Among the following words only ______ is the word which originally had a specialized meaning and now has become generalized. ( )

A. journal

B. Wife

C. accident

D. disease

22. Based on ______ context, we can arrive at the meaning of "do a sum".( )

A. grammatical

B. Lexical

C. cultural

D. non-linguistic

23. The sentence "The fish is ready to eat." is ambiguous due to ______.( )

A. grammatical structure

B. Hyponymy

C. cultural influence

D. non-linguistic context

24. In the sentence "Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Birdwhistell." The meaning of kinesics can be inferred from the clue of _______.( )

A. definition

B. Synonymy

C. antonymy

D. hyponymy

25. Which of the following is NOT a figure of speech? ( )

A. Metaphor.

B. Personification.

C. Euphemism.

D. Shortening.

26. Never do things by halves is a(n) ______.( )

A. verbal idiom in nature

B. nominal idiom in nature

C. sentence idiom

D. adverbial idiom in nature

27. The change of idiom "Silence is golden" from the original form is ______.( )

A. replacement

B. position-shifting

C. addition

D. shortening

28. The following are the unique features of Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary EXCEPT ______.( )

A. definition

B. extra column

C. usage examples

D. clear grammar codes

29. Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary (1983) is a(n) ______ dictionary. ( )

A. unabridged

B. Desk

C. pocket

D. encyclopedic

30. Which of the following is NOT true for the Chinese-English Dictionary (Revised Edition)(CED)(1995)? ( )

A. The new edition has more single character entries and more multi-character entries.

B. The new edition revised some old entries.

C. The new edition cut off the previous alphabetical order of entries.

Ⅱ. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of word formation; 2) types of morphemes; 3) types of vocabulary by notion; and 4) discrimination of synonyms. (10%)

A B

( G ) 31. honeybee A. difference in application

( J ) 32. handy/manual B. difference in denotation

( E ) 33. upon C. bound morpheme

( B ) 34. rich/wealthy D. clipping

( I ) 35. Medicare E. functional word

( A ) 36. answer/reply F content word

( D ) 37. flu G. compounding

( F ) 38. steel H. initialism

( H ) 39.VOA I. blending

( C ) 40. idealistic J. difference in connotation

I]I. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10 %

41. ______ are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings.

42. In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a ______ language to the present analytic language.

43. The morphemes can be grouped into ______ morphemes and bound morphemes.

44. The prefix "un-" in the word "unwrap"is a ______ prefix.

45. Lexical meaning of a word has two concepts: ______ meaning and associative meaning.

46. Hyponymy can be described in terms of ______ graphs, with higher-order superordinates above the lower subordinates.

47. In Old English, animals and their ______ share the same name.

48. Structural patterns where a particular word is used is called ______ context.

49. Idioms verbal in nature can be subdivided into ______ verbs and other verb phrases.

50. Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known ______ dictionary.

IV. Define the following terms. (10% )

51. bound morphemes

52. affixes

53. blending

54. unabridged dictionary

55. dismembering of idiom

V. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)

56. What are the three periods in view of the development of English vocabulary?

57. How many types do bound morphemes include? What are they?

58. What is concept? Give an example to illustrate your point.

59. How do you use a dictionary to the full?

VI. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20 % )

60. Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font.

Customer: "How come your sausages taste like meat at one end, but like bread at the other? " Butcher replied: "Madam, in times like these no butcher can make both ends meet. "

61. Analyze and comment on the following statement.

As most words have more than one meaning, it is often impossible to tell the meaning of a word before it is used in context.教

全国2010年7月自考英语词汇学试题参考答案

1. B

2. B

3. D

4. C

5. A

6. A

7. C

8. B

9. D 10. B

11. A 12. B 13. A 14.D 15. A 16. C 17. A 18. D 19. D 20 . B

21. A 22. B 23. A 24. A 25. C 26.C 27. D 28. D 29. B 30. C

31. G 32. J 33. E 34. B 35. I 36. A 37. D 38. F 39. H 40. C

41. Neologisms 42.synthetic 43. free 44. Reversative 45.conceptual

46. tree-like 47.meat 48.grammatical 49.phrasal 50. unabridged

51. bound morphemes: Morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are bound morphemes. They are so named because they are bound to other morphemes to form words.

Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and affix.

52. Affixation is the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems. This process is also known as derivation

Affixation falls into two subclasses: prefixation and suffixation.

53. blending: Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.

54. unabridged dictionary: An unabridged dictionary is an unshortened one. 200，000 headwords.

Its origin, meaning, pronunciation, cognates（同源）, usage, grammatical function, spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, derived forms, synonyms, homonyms.

The best-known unabridged dictionary is Webster’s Third New International Dictionary(450,000).

55. dismembering of idiom: by breaking up the idioms into pieces, an unusual case of use of idioms particularly in literature or popular press to achieve special effect.

For example: The leopard never changes his spots, have a card up one’s sleeve, A round peg in the squarest of holes.

56. What are the three periods in view of the development of English vocabulary?

1 Old English (450-1150)

2 Middle English (1150-1500)

3 Modern English (1500-up to now)

57. How many types do bound morphemes include? What are they? Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and affix.

58. Concept, which is beyond language is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind. Eg: much and many have the same concept.

Synonymous pairs “die—pass away”, “ask—question” have the same concept but different socio-cultural and stylistic values.

59. How do you use a dictionary to the full?

1.For beginners, and elementary and lower-intermediate learners, a bilingual dictionary is essential.

2.for the post intermediate and advanced learners, it is advisable to use more of a monolingual one.

60. Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font. Customer:

"How come your sausages taste like meat at one end, but like bread at the other? " Butcher replied: "Madam, in times like these no butcher can make both ends meet. "

Homonyms refers to different words which happen to share the same form and polysemants is the one and same word which has several distinguishable meanings. One important criterion is to see their etymology, i.e. homonyms are from different sources whereas a polysemant is from the same source which has acquired different meanings in the course of development.

1.Source:meet one’s ends means one can support oneself.

2.Explanation: Here the butcher cleverly employed the structure of the idiom to his advantage to give a

humorous way the bad quality of the sausage. It implies that it is difficult to earn money with more meat in sausage.

3. theory:As homonyms are identical in sound and spelling, particularly homophones, they are often employed to create puns for desires effect such as humor, sarcasm or ridicule etc.

61. Analyze and comment on the following statement.

As most words have more than one meaning, it is often impossible to tell the meaning of a word before it is used in context.

Context, in a narrow sense, it refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears. This is known as linguistic context. In a broad sense, it includes the physical situation as well. This is called extra-linguistic or non-linguistic context, which embraces the people, time, place, and even the whole cultural background.

Context may prove extremely valuable in guessing the meanings of new words. In many cases, when a new word (thought to be) appears for the first time, the author generally manage to give hints which might help the readers to grasp the concept or understand the idea. Especially the cases of polysemy, homonymy, and grammatical structure. (refer to 8.2.1 )

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