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2013年南通市中考模拟试题八

2013年南通市中考模拟试题八

八年级下册第五单元国防与外交

一、选择题

1.毛泽东曾说:“为了反对帝国主义的侵略,我们一定要建立强大的海军”。中国人民海军诞生的标志是

A.北洋、南洋和福建三支海军的筹建

B.华东军区海军的建立

C.人民解放军海军领导机关成立

D.东海、南海和北海舰队的建立

2.近年来,我国海军多次完成亚丁湾护航任务。这充分表明

A.中国海军活动范围扩大

B.中国政府重视外交活动

C.中国海军武装力量强大

D.中国为维护世界和平做出贡献

3.20世纪70年代,新中国外交工作取得重大突破。下列成就不属于这一时期的是

A.中国恢复在联合国的合法地位B.中美关系实现正常化

C.中日建交D.提出和平共处五项原则

4.1954年《中印两国总理联合声明》说:“如果这些原则(和平共处五项原则)……适用于一般国际关系之中,它们将形成和平与安全的坚固基础。”声明中提到的原则,应该适用于

①发展中国家②经济发达国家③弱小落后国家④资本主义强国

A.①③B.②③④C.①③④D.①②③④

5.2012年,朝鲜民主主义人民共和国无视国际社会普遍反对,再次进行核试验,中国政府对此表示坚决反对。这表明

①我国奉行独立自主和平外交政策②国际经济旧秩序没得到根本改变

③要不断推进南北对话和南南合作④争取世界和平是当今世界的主题

A.①② B.③④ C.①④D.②③

6.国务院总理温家宝2009年11月7日在开罗访问了阿拉伯国家联盟总部并发表题为《尊重文明的多样性》的重要讲话,强调不同文明要在多样中求同一,在差异中求和谐,在交流中求发展。它体现出我国的外交方针是

A.和平共处五项原则

B.求同存异方针

C.坚持一个中国原则

D.一国两制

7.2009年11月15日,美国总统奥巴马首次访华。在他之前,已有6位美国总统访问过新中国。其中,第

一位访问新中国的是()

A.罗斯福

B.艾森豪威尔

C.肯尼迪

D.尼克松

8.新中国的成立,结束了旧中国“屈辱外交”的历史。从此,我国以崭新的外交形象活跃于外交舞台。下列图片反映的外交成就中哪一项不是70年代所取得的()

A B C D

9.小敏同学准备作一个题为《我眼中的“文化大革命”》的发言,以下内容不适合出现在发言提纲中的是A.民主法制遭受践踏B.国民经济破坏严重

C.文化教育历经浩劫D.外交事业停滞不前

10. 下图是1949?2008年中国与外国建交情况曲线图。下列各项中,建交最高峰出现的主要原因是

A.和平共处五项原则的提出

B.中美关系的改善

C.新中国恢复在联合国的合法席位

D.苏联解体

11. 法国常驻联合国代表说:“中国在我们当中就坐了属于她的席位,不公正和荒谬的状态结束了。”材料中“不公正和荒谬的状态结束”的因素有

①中国综合国力的增强②越来越多国家对中国的支持

③美苏争霸中美国处于劣势④中美关系实现正常化

A.①②③

B.①②④

C.①③④

D.②③④

12. 1969年,美国总统尼克松说:“十年后,到中国在核武器方面取得了重大进展的时候,我们就没有选择的余地了。”“十年后”中美之间发生的重大事件是

A.中美正式建立外交关系B.基辛格秘密访问中国

C.中美签署《中美联合公报》D.尼克松访华

二、简答题

13.某校历史探究学习小组以“中国的过去与未来”为主题,决定举办一次中国近现代对外关系演变历程的展示活动。请你参加活动并回答下列问题。

展示一:近代屈辱外交篇

材料一1842年,英国同清政府签订了丧权辱国的条约,规定:割香港岛给英国;赔款2100万元;开放广州、厦门、福州、宁波、上海五处为通商口岸;英商进出口货物缴纳的税款,中国须同英国商定。(1)材料一中,英国迫使清政府签订的条约是什么?(1分)

展示二:现代独立自主篇

材料二新中国的成立,结束了旧中国屈辱外交的历史。20世纪50年代,新中国积极同邻近国家和新兴

独立国家发展友好关系,参加了一系列外交活动并产生了积极的影响,国际政治舞台开始有了“中国的声音”。70年代,中国对外关系取得了突破性进展。

(2)20世纪50年代,中国率先提出的处理国与国之间关系的基本准则是什么?(1分)

(3)结合所学知识,列举20世纪70年代中国对外关系取得突破性进展的历史事件。(举出两例即可)(2分)

展示三:新时期改革开放篇

(4)中共十一届三中全会后,我国对外开放开始起步。设立“经济特区”始于哪一年?目前,我国已经形成了怎样的对外开放新格局?(2分)

(5)综上所述,中国近现代对外关系经历了屈辱外交——独立自主、对外开放的演变历程,对此你有何感想?(2分)

14.中、美、俄是当今世界的三个大国,历史上他们的关系变化跌宕起伏。

【侵华的帮凶】

(1)19世纪中期,美俄两国在哪一次侵华战争中扮演着帮凶角色?(1分)

【战时的合作】

(2)二战中面对共同的敌人,包括中、美、苏三国在内的正义力量联合起来的标志是什么?此后在雅

尔塔会议上又决定成立哪一国际组织?(2分)

【关系的转变】

(3)20世纪70年代,当中苏关系恶化后,中美关系却出现转机,其缓和的主要表现有哪些?(两例即可,2分)

【上海的聚首】

(4)2001年中国上海科技馆前出现了中、美、俄三国领导人的身影,这次聚首是为了出席哪一会议?(1分)

【历史的启示】

(5)从中、美、俄三国关系变化的过程中,你获得了哪些启示?(2分)

15.阅读下列材料回答:

材料一1942年12月,中美关系发生了转折性变化。美国开始正视中国战场对于抗击日本的巨大作用,迫切需要中国战场牵制与消耗日本的战斗力。12月23日,在重庆召开了中、美、英三国军事代表会议,讨论了有关对日作战问题,并确定成立中国战区,由蒋介石担任总司令,成立三国代表组成的联合作战参谋部,由史迪威任中国战区的参谋长。

——据张殿清《抗日战争时期的中美关系及启示》整编材料二与美国关系正常化是中国实行对外开放、迈向世界的关键性第一步。……中国实现对外开放与现代化战略需要有良好的国际环境。……

如果说在(20世纪)80年代,改革开放只是发展中美关系的重要动力之一;到了90年代,改革开放则成了发展中美关系的最主要动力。……中国进一步扩大对外开放,为中国经济融入世界经济提供了制度保证。十四大后中美关系之间的贸易、投资、技术合作迅猛发展。

——《当代世界:中国的改革开放与中美关系》材料三下图为中美贸易情况统计图(部分年份)

材料四历史表明,每当两国对涉及对方核心和重大利益的问题处理得比较好,中美关系就比较顺畅和稳定。反之则会麻烦不断。我们希望美方始终恪守中美三个联合公报精神,坚持一个中国政策,以实际行动反对“台独”,支持两岸关系和平发展。

——2012年2月15日习近平在美国友好团体欢迎午宴上的演讲

请回答:

(1)根据材料一,指出中美关系发生转折性变化的原因。(1分)

(2)结合所学知识,指出中美关系正常化始于何时?根据材料二,归纳中美关系与中国改革开放之间的内在联系。(3分)

(3)根据材料三,进入20世纪80年代,中美贸易总额发生了怎样的变化?出现这一变化的主要原因有哪

些?(3分)

(4)根据材料四,指出在中美关系上中方的核心和重大利益问题是什么?(1分)

(5)综合以上材料,你认为中美关系顺利、稳定发展的前提是什么?(2分)

2007-2012年江苏省南通市中考试题分类汇编整理

八年级下册第五单元国防与外交

参考答案:

一、选择题

BDDDC BDADB AA

二、简答题

13. (1)《南京条约》;(2)和平共处五项原则;

(3)恢复中国在联合国的合法席位;美国总统尼克松访华;中日建交;中美建交等。

(4)1980年;形成了全方位、多层次、宽领域的对外开放格局;

(5)只有社会主义才能救中国;只有社会主义才能发展中国。(有理即可)

14.(1)第二次鸦片战争。(2)建立国际反法西斯联盟(签署《联合国家宣言》);联合国。

(3)基辛格访华;尼克松访华;中美正式建交。(4)上海亚太经合组织会议。

(5)没有永恒的朋友,只有永恒的利益;在独立自主的前提下,国与国应该求同存异,合作共赢。

15.(1)原因:迫切需要中国牵制与消耗日本的战斗力;

(2)时间:1972年;联系:中美关系正常化为我国实行对外开放创造良好的国际环境;我国的改革开放推动了中美的不断发展。

(3)跨越式高速增长。从美方看:因中美建交,中美关系实现正常化,美国放弃了对中国的经济封锁;当时苏美经济发展受阻,在苏美争霸中并不占优势,所以有必要加强中美贸易;从中国方面看:实施改革开放战略,打开国门,积极进口美国商品;自身经济实力也逐步增强,对美国的出口也逐渐增加。

(4)台湾问题

(5)相互尊重、支持、合作、互不干涉内政;中国发展壮大、立足于世界舞台。

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