美国文学史 作者作品完整版
1.
The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.
2.Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)
One of the Founding Fathers of the United States.
Franklin was a leading author and printer, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, satirist, civic activist
Franklin gained international renown as a scientist for his famous experiments in electricity.
In the words of historian Henry Steele Commager, "In a Franklin could be merged the virtues of Puritanism without its defects, the illumination of the Enlightenment without its heat.”
To Walter Isaacson, this makes Franklin "the most accomplished American of his age and the most influential in inventing the type of society America would become."
Na thanial Hawthorne remarked that Franklin’s axioms “teach men but a very small portion of their duties… They are all about getting money or saving it.”
Lawrence didn’t believe that Franklin’s idea that man can be perfected, saying that it would be like the “perfectibility of the Ford car.” (Studies in Classic American Literature) Other book:Poor Richard's Almanack 穷理查的年鉴
Autobiography
Four parts
Part One of the Autobiography is addressed to Franklin's son William(1771)
Franklin began Part Two in 1784, giving a more detailed account of his public library plan and lists 13 virtues
Third part started in 1788 about his Almanac, Junto.
The last part was written in 1789, yet not finished
A number of "firsts"
It is considered the first popular self-help book ever published.
It was the first and only work written in American before the 19th century that has retained bestseller popularity since its release.
It was the first major secular American autobiography.
It is also the first real account of the American Dream in action as told from a man who experienced it firsthand. This form would be copied numerous times throughout American history.
Benjamin Franklin's Thirteen Virtues
1.TEMPERANCE. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation.
节制。食不过饱；饮酒不醉。
2. SILENCE. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation.
缄默。言则于人于己有益，不作无益闲聊。
3. ORDER. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time.
秩序。各样东西放在一定地方；各项日常事务应有一定的处理时间。
4. RESOLUTION. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what you resolve.
决断。事情当做必做；既做则坚持到底。
5. FRUGALITY. Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing.
节俭。花钱须于人于己有益，即不浪费。
6. INDUSTRY. Lose no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions.
勤勉。不浪费时间；每时每刻做有用之事，戒除一切不必要的行动。
7. SINCERITY. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you speak, speak accordingly.
诚恳。不欺骗人；思想纯洁公正；说话也应诚实。
8. JUSTICE. Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits that are your duty.
正直。不做不利他人之事，切勿忘记履行对人有益的义务而伤害他人。
9. MODERATION. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve.
中庸。勿走极端；受到应有的处罚，应当加以容忍。
10. CLEANLINESS. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, cloths, or habitation.
整洁。身体、衣服和住所应力求清洁。
11.TRANQUILLITY. Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable.
平静。勿因琐事或普通而不可避免的事件而烦恼。
12. CHASTITY. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, never to dullness, weakness, or the injury of your own or another's peace or reputation.
节欲。切戒房事过度，勿伤害身体或有损自己或他人的安宁或名誉。
13. HUMILITY. Imitate Jesus and Socrates.
谦逊。效法耶稣和苏格拉底。
3.Washington Irving (1783-1859)
The father of the American short story
The first author to be able to support himself through his publications
The first American writers who gained an international reputation by writing short stories.
William Makepeace Thackeray described him, “the first ambassador sent by the new world of letters to the old.”
Works
A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty
by Diedrich
Knickerbocker 1809《纽约外史》
The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent《见闻札记》
“Rip Van Winkle” 《瑞普·凡·温克尔》
“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” 《睡谷传说》
Bracebridge Hall 1822 《布雷斯布里奇庄园》
Oliver Goldsmith 1840《哥尔德斯密斯》
Life of George Washington 1855-1859 《华盛顿传》
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
Main characters
Ichabod Crane
Abraham "Brom Bones" Van Brunt
Katrina Van Tassel
4.Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)
father of modern short story
father of detective story
father of psychoanalytic criticism
Works: Short stories:
Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque
《奇异怪诞故事集》
“MS. Found in a Bottle” 《瓶子里发现的手稿》
“The Murders in the Rue Morgue” 《毛格街杀人案》
“The Fall of the House of Usher” 《厄舍古屋的倒塌》
“The Masque of the Red Death”
《红色死亡的化妆舞会》
“The Cask of Amontillado” 《一桶酒的故事》
Poetry
The Raven《乌鸦》
Israfel 《伊斯拉菲尔》
Annabel Lee《安娜贝尔?李》
To Helen《致海伦》
Literary criticism
“The Poetic Principle” 《诗歌原理》
“The Philosophy of Composition”《创作哲学》
The Fall of the House of Usher
?I (the narrator)
?Roderick Usher
?Madeline Usher
5. Henry David Thoreau (1817- 1862)
Born in a common family in New England
Graduated from Harvard, but only stayed at home and helped family business
Emerson’s disciple
Lowell had joked about Thoreau following Emerson “as close as a stick to a rocket,/ his fingers exploring the prophet’s each pocket.”
Active in social life and had a strong sense of justice not successful as a writer and lived in obscurity almost all his life
Major Literary Works
Civil Disobedience ?论公民之不服从?
A Plea for John Brown ?为约翰·布朗申辩?
A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers
?在康科德与梅里马克河上一周?
a record of a canoe excursion, giving observant comments on nature, man,
society and literature
Walden 《瓦尔登湖》
Walden, or Life in the Woods
In Walden, Thoreau records both his experiment in self-sufficient natural living and his ideas
about nature, human society, and the proper way for people to live. In a series of essays, linked by themes and the progression of the seasons, Thoreau describes building his own cabin and living alone in the woods beside Walden Pond.
6. Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)
Hawthorne has been recognized as a classic interpreter of the spiritual history of New England.
He was a leader in the development of the short story as a distinctive American genre.
Herman Melville, among others, hailed Hawthorne as the “American Shakespeare.”
He is the first great American novelist.
Hawthorne’s unique gift was for the creation of strongly symbolic stories which touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature.
Influences on Hawthorne
Puritan family background - one of his forefathers was Judge Hathorne, who presided over the Salem witchcraft trials, 1692.
Belief in the existence of the devil
Belief in determinism
Major Works
Short stories
Twice-Told Tales《故事重述》1837
Mosses from an old Manse 《古宅青苔》1846
“Young Goodman Brown” “
“The Minister’s Black Veil”
Novels
The Scarlet Letter《红字》1850
The House of the Seven Gables《带有七个尖角阁的房子》1851
Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》1852
The Marble Faun《玉石雕像》1860
Scarlet Letter
Main Characters
Hester Prynne
Arthur Dimmesdale,
Roger Chillingworth
Pearl
7.Herman Melville (1819—1891)
Going out to sea
His marriage with Elizabeth Shaw
Influences from his predecessors
Shakespearean tragic vision
Emersonian Transcendentalism
Hawthorne’s black vision, regarding the evil of human beings and his allegorical way of exposition
Received recognition until the 1920s
Major works
Typee 《泰比》(1846)
Omoo 《欧穆》(1847)
Mardi 《玛地》(1849)
Redburn 《雷得本》(1849)
White-Jacket《白外衣》(1850)
Moby-Dick《白鲸记》(1851)
Pierre《皮埃尔》(1852)
Billy Budd《毕利巴德》(1924)
Moby Dick
It is widely considered to be a Great American Novel and a treasure of world literature.
It is an encyclopedia of everything, history, philosophy, religion, etc, in addition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling industry.
It is regarded as the first American prose epic, a Shakespearean tragedy of a man fighting against overwhelming odds in an indifferent and even hostile world.
Main characters
Ishmael: narrator of the story
Captain Ahab
Moby Dick
Starbuck: the young first mate(大副) of the Pequod
Queequeg: a Polynesian harpooner, Ishmael’s friend
8.Walt Whitman (1819-1892)
American poet, essayist and journalist and humanist
A bridge between transcendentalism & romanticism and realism
His poetry broke every rule of traditional poetry
The father of free verse
The poet of the common people; the prophet and singer of democracy.
One of the most original and inspiring American poets, true to his art and to his role as a poet
For Whitman, science, democracy and spirituality were the three things that underlie the structure of modern poetry. He tried to blend the world of science, the philosophy of democracy and the spiritual feeling of life into one, to incorporate these into his poetry. Major works of Whitman
Drum-Taps 桴鼓集
Leaves of Grass 草叶集
“Song of Myself” 自我之歌
“I Sit and Look Out” 坐观世间
“O Captain, My Captain!” 船长，我的船长
“When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d” 最近紫丁香在庭院里开放的时候
“I Hear America Singing” 我听见美国在歌唱
9.Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)
She can be seen as eccentric
Wish to remain a child
Penchant for white clothes
Live as a recluse
"a moment when conversation lagged a little, she would sweep in, clad in immaculate white, pass through the rooms, silently curtseying and saluting right
and left, and sweep out again."
Dickinson as a poet
Dickinson saw writing poetry as an exalted calling (or profession) and dedicated her life to poetry.
Emily Dickinson is a passionate poet.
"I find ecstasy in living, the mere sense of living is joy enough"
If I read a book and it makes my whole body so cold no fire can ever warm me, I know that is poetry. If I feel physically as if the top of my head were taken off, I
know that is poetry. These are the only ways I know it. Is there any other way? 10.Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896)
Harriet was one of eleven brothers and sisters, many of whom became famous reformers.
At the age of 21, she moved to Cincinnati, Ohio.
1836 she married Calvin Ellis Stowe, a professor and an ardent critic of slavery.
Abolitionist and author
Works
Uncle Tom's Cabin, 1852
《汤姆叔叔的小屋》
A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin, 1853
《汤姆叔叔的小屋说明》
Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp, 1856
《德雷德：阴暗大沼地的故事》
The Minister's Wooing, 1859
《牧师的求婚》
The Pearl of Orr's Island, 1862
《奥尔岛上的明珠》
Oldtown Folks, 1869
《老城的人们》
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Uncle Tom's Cabin was first published in 1852 as a serial in the abolitionist newspaper National Era.
The book sold over 10,000 copies in the first week and was the best seller of its day. It sold 500,000 copies within five years. After its publication, Stowe became an international celebrity and spoke out against slavery in America and Europe.
The novel's impact was global rather than national. Among those who hailed it as a masterpiece were Ivan Turgenev, Victor Hugo, Leo Tolstoy and George Eliot. It was Lenin's favorite book as a child.
Main characters
George Shelby
Uncle Tom
Eva
Augustine St. Clare
Simon Legree
Eliza, George Harris and their son Harry
11. Mark Twain(1835--19l0)
Samuel Langhorne Clemens
His marriage with Olivia Langdon
Mark Twain An American Icon
The Lincoln of American Literature
Father of American Novel
—William Faulkner
The greatest of American humorists
Works
The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County卡城名蛙
The Innocents Abroad傻子国外旅行记
Roughing It苦行记
The Gilded Age镀金时代
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆索亚历险记
The Prince and the Pauper王子与贫儿
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Life on the Mississippi密西西比河上的生活
The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson傻瓜威尔逊
The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg败坏了赫德莱堡的人
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Characters: Huck Finn, Jim, Pap, Widow Douglas, Miss Watson, Tom Sawyer, the kindly Grangerfords, the Shepherdsons, The Duke and the King, The Wilks Sisters, Sally Phelps
12.Ezra Loomis Pound (1885-1972)
Pound was undoubtedly a genius. Before he graduated from university, he had mastered 9 languages as well as English grammar and literature.
Pound championed the likes of T. S. Eliot, and James Joyce and, influenced by Chinese and Japanese poetry, leading the Imagist Movement of poetry.
In a Station of the Metro
The poem seems to exemplify perfectly Pound's notion of the Image of an "emotional and intellectual complex in an instant of time."
13.Robert Lee Frost (1874-1963)
The most popular American Poet in the 20th Century
Won 4 Pulitzer Prizes
Appointed as professor or visiting poet by dozens of universities
Be entitled “national poet” by American senate at age of 75
Recited his poem “The Gift Outright”《全心全意的奉献》on the Inauguration Day of John
F. Kennedy
Collection of poems：
A Boy’s Will 1913 一个男孩的意愿
North of Boston, 1914 波士顿的北部
Mountain Interval, 1916 山间
New Hampshire 1923 新罕布什尔
Collected Poems 1930 诗集
A Further Range 1936 又一片牧场
A Witness Tree 1942 见证树
Poems:
Birches《白桦》
After Apple-Picking
《摘罢苹果》
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
《雪夜伫立林边有感》
The Road Not Taken
《未选之路》
14.Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)
He was a tough guy.
Loved tough games: boxing, hunting, deep-sea fishing, bullfighting.
He was injured many times. In all the operations, 237 steel fragments were taken out from Hemingway’s body. He also suffered 3 car accidents and 2 air crushes. He was admired as a hero by many people.
Main works
The Sun Also Rises (1926) was Hemingway's first critically acclaimed novel. In it, he details members of the "Lost Generation", young disillusioned men of the post World War
I era.
A Farewell to Arms (1929) is regarded as Hemingway's next important work.
For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) chronicles the loss of freedom in the Spanish Civil War.
The Old Man and the Sea (1952) is the famous short novel about a Cuban fisherman and his quest to finally capture a huge fish.
A Farewell to Arms
Main Characters: Lieutenant Frederic Henry, ambulance driver ;Catherine Barkley, a nurse
美国文学史作品作家汇总全
美国文学史作品作家汇总美国文学 Part 1. Colonial America Thomas Paine托马斯潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代Philip Freneau菲利普弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地 .Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will 论意志自由The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended论原罪The Nature of True Virtue论真是德行的本原Benjamin Franklin本杰明富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money; Poor Richard’s Almanac穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传 Part 2. American Romanticism Washington Irving华盛顿欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Brace bridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travelers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉
美国文学史_作者作品
美国文学史_作者作品 Part 1. Colonial America(1607-1800) John Smith(158-1631) 约翰斯密斯The General History of Virginia 弗吉尼亚通史, A Description of New England 新 英格兰概览 William Bradford(1590-1657) 威廉布Of Plymouth Plantation 普利茅斯拓荒 莱德福 John Winthrop(1588-1649) 约翰温斯A Model of Christian Charity 基督徒慈善的典范 洛普 Anne Bradstreet(1612- 1672) “Contemplations ”, “Upon the Burning of Our House”, ” To My Dear and Loving Husband”, In Reference to Her Children ”,” The Flesh and The Spirit ” As Weary Pilgrim ” Edward Taylor(1642-1729) 爱德华泰“ Huswifery ”, “Upon a Spider Catching a Fly ” Roger Williams(1603-1683) 罗杰威廉The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the Cause of Conscience
John Woolman(1720- 1772) “Some Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes”, A Plea for the Poor ” Thomas Paine(1737 -1809) The Case of the Officers of Excise 税务员问题;Common Sense常识［American Crisis 美国危机［Rights of Man 人的权利：Downfall of Despotism 专制体制 崩溃;The Age of Reas on 理性时代 Philip Freneau(1752-1832) The Rising Glory of America;The British Prison Ship 英国囚船;To the Memory of the Brave Americans 纪念美国勇士同类诗中最佳;The Wild Honeysuckle 野生的金银花;The Indian Burying Ground; The Dying Indian: Tomo Chequi Charles Brockden Brown(1771-1810) Wieland; Edgar Huntly; Ormond; Arthur Mervyn Jonathan Edwards(1703-1758) 爱德华The Freedom of the Will 《意志的自 由》The Great Doctrine of Original Sin 兹defended 《原罪说辩》The Nature of True Virtue 真美德的性质; Images or Shadows of Divine Things 《神灵的形影》;” Personal Narrative ” Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God ”愤怒的上帝手中之罪人 Benjamin Franklin(1706-1790) Poor Richard?s Almanac 穷查理历书;The Way to Wealth 致富之道;The Autobiography 自传 Hector St.John de Crevecour Letters form an American Farmer 来自美国农夫的信
美国文学作家以及作品总汇
美国文学部分(American Literature) 一．独立革命前后的文学（The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence） 1．本章考核知识点和考核要求： 1)．殖民地时期的文学的特点 2)．主要的作家、其概况及其代表作品 2．独立革命前后时期的主要作家 本杰明·富兰克林Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林，散文家、科学家、社会活动家，曾参与起草―独立宣言。 《穷查理历书》Poor Richard’s Almanack 《致富之道》The Way to Wealth 《自传》The Autobiography 托马斯·潘恩Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩，散文家、政治家、报刊撰稿人。 《税务员问题》The Case of the Officers of Excise 《常识》Common Sense 《美国危机》American Crisis 《人的权利》Rights of Man 《专制体制的崩溃》Downfall of Despotism 《理性时代》The Age of Reason 菲利普·弗伦诺Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺，著名的―革命诗人‖。 《蒸蒸日上的美洲》―The Rising Glory of America‖
《英国囚船》―The British Prison Ship‖ 《纪念美国勇士》同类诗中最佳―To the Memory of the Brave Americans‖ 《野生的金银花》―The Wild Honeysuckle‖ 《印第安人殡葬地》―The Indian Burying Ground‖ 1二．美国浪漫主义文学（American Romanticism） 1．本章考核知识点和考核要求： 1)．美国浪漫主义文学产生的社会历史及文化背景 2)．主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格 3)．清教主义、超验主义、象征主义、自由诗等名词的解释 2.美国浪漫主义时期的主要作家 华盛顿·欧文Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文，美国著名小说家，被称为―美国文学之父‖.《瑞普·凡·温可尔》Rip Van Winkle 《纽约外史》A History of New York 《见闻札记》The Sketch Book 《睡谷的传说》The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀开创了以《皮裹腿故事集》为代表的边疆传奇小说，其中最为重要的一部是《最后的莫西干人》。 《皮裹腿故事集》Leatherstocking Tales 《间谍》The Spy 《领航者》The Pilot
美国文学史作品作家汇总 全
美国文学史作品作家汇总 美国文学 Part 1. Colonial America Thomas Paine托马斯?潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代 Philip Freneau菲利普?弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle 野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地 .Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will 论意志自由The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended论原罪The Nature of True Virtue论真是德行的本原 Benjamin Franklin本杰明?富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money; Poor Richard’s Almanac穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传 Part 2. American Romanticism Washington Irving华盛顿?欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Brace bridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travelers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉 Jamie Fennimore Cooper詹姆斯?费尼莫尔?库珀1789-1851 The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Little page Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leather stocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deer slayer杀鹿者 Part 3.New England Transcendentalism Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫?沃尔多?爱默生1803-1882 Essays散文集:Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar 论美国学者;Divinity; The Over soul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits 英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说 Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhoda杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日
美国文学史作品作家汇总
美国文学史作品作家汇总【常耀信】 美国文学 Part 1. Colonial America Thomas Paine托马斯?潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代 Philip Freneau菲利普?弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended The Nature of True Virtue Benjamin Franklin本杰明?富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richard’s Almanack穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传 Part 2. American Romanticism Washington Irving华盛顿?欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travellers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉 James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯?费尼莫尔?库珀1789-1851 The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leatherstocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deerslayer杀鹿者 Part 3.New England Transcendentalism Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫?沃尔多?爱默生1803-1882 Essays散文集:Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar论美国学者;Divinity;The Oversoul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说 Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhodo杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日子-首开自由诗之先河 Henry David Threau亨利?大卫?梭罗1817-1862 Wadden,or Life in the Woods华腾湖或林中生活;Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience抵制公民政府;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利?沃兹沃思?朗费罗1807-1882 The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌----美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗;V oices of the Night夜吟;Ballads and Other Poens民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗;Tales of a Wayside Inn 路边客栈的故事---诗集：An April Day四月的一天/A Psalm of Life人生礼物/Paul Revere’s Ride保罗?里维尔的夜奔;Evangeline伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish迈尔斯?斯坦迪什的求婚----叙事长诗；Poems on Slavery奴役篇---反蓄奴组诗 Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔?霍桑1804-1864 Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事;Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔:Young Goodman Brown年轻的古德曼?布朗;The Scarlet Letter红字;The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子--------心理若们罗曼史;The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇;The Marble Faun玉石雕像
美国文学史作家作品一览表2
美国文学 Part 1. Colonial America 1、Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利；Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代 2、Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground 印第安人殡葬地 3、Jonathan Edwards乔纳森爱德华 The Freedom of the Will The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended The Nature of True Virtue 4、Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money；Poor Richard’s Almanack穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传 Part 2. American Romanticism 1、Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travellers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉 2、James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀1789-1851 The Spy间谍；The Pilot领航者；The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿；Leatherstocking Tales皮裹腿故事集；The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人；The Prairie大草原；The Pathfinder探路者；The Deerslayer杀鹿者 Part 3.New England Transcendentalism 1、Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生1803-1882 Essays散文集；Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书；The American Scholar论美国学者；Divinity;The Oversoul论超灵；Self-reliance论自立；The Transcendentalist超验主义者；Representative Men代表人物；English Traits英国人的特征；School Address神学院演说；Concord Hymn康考德颂；The Rhodo杜鹃花；The Humble Bee野蜂；Days日子-首开自由诗之先河
英国美国文学作家及作品汇总
英国文学名家名著 《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）是英国盎格鲁?撒克逊时期的一首英雄史诗，古英语文学的最高成就，同时标志着英国文学的开始。史诗的第一部分讲述瑞典青年王子贝奥武甫来到丹麦，帮助丹麦国王赫罗斯加杀死了12年来常来进行夜袭的巨妖格伦德尔及他的母亲；第二部分简述了贝奥武甫继承王位，平安统治50年。后来，他的国土被一条喷火巨龙蹂躏，老当益壮的贝奥武甫与火龙交战，杀死火龙，自己也受了致命伤。 杰弗里?乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer ，1340-1400)是英国文学之父亲和前最杰出的作家。主要作品有《坎特伯雷故事集》等。作品的主要特点是主题、题材、风格、笔调的多样性及描写人对生活的追求的复杂性。他的代表作品是《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）不仅描绘了31位朝圣者的各个社会阶层，而且也反映了他们各自叙述故事的不同风格，读者广泛，对后世影响很大。 威廉?莎士比亚(William Shakespeare ，1564-1616)是文艺复兴时期英国著名的剧作家和诗人。他创作了大量的作品，其中包括喜剧、悲剧和历史剧。他的剧本至今仍在许多国家上演，并为人们所普遍阅读。莎上比亚的作品文才横溢，创造的喜、怒、哀、乐场面使人印象深刻，历久难忘。主要作品有四大悲剧：《奥赛罗》(Othello)、《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）、《麦克白》(Macbeth),《李尔王》(King Lear)；
四大喜剧：《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night’s Dream)、《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice)、《无事生非》(Much Ado about Nothing)和《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It)等。此外，历史剧《亨利六世》(Henry VI)三部曲，爱情悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）也都很受欢迎。《哈姆雷特》叙述了丹麦王子哈姆雷特替父报仇，杀死篡夺王位的叔父的故事。《哈姆雷特》里“to be or not to be, that is the question”的成为经典台词。《罗密欧与朱丽叶》描写了一对青年男女因家族间的世仇而不能联姻结果自杀的故事，揭露了封建制度的残酷无情，同时，歌颂了青年男女纯洁坚贞的爱情。 济慈（Keats, 1795一1821）是英国浪漫主义诗人。他出身贫苦，作过医生的学徒，后来才以写诗为业。他对当时英国社会的现实不满，希望在一个“永恒的美的世界”中寻找安身立命之处。他的诗歌以文辞声调之美著称，在艺术上对后代的英国诗人影响很大。主要作品有《伊沙贝拉》(Isabella)、《夜莺颂》(Ode to a Nightingale)和《秋颂》(To Autumn)等。 雪莱（Shelley ，1792一 1822）是英国浪漫主义的重要诗人。他生于贵族家庭。他既创作了富于政治思想性的诗，也写了很多优美的抒情诗，特别是爱情诗，显示了不羁的想象，瑰丽的色彩和动人的音韵，这些使他成为英国文学史上最有才华的抒情诗人之一。他的主要作品有《麦布女王》(Queen Mab)、《致英国人民之歌》(Song to the
美国文学考核大纲
《美国文学作品选读》课程考核大纲 【考核目的】 了解学生对基本文学概念、文学流派及代表作家、文学表现手法、文学人物、文学现象和各种文学术语的掌握。考核学生对文学作品的理解分析能力和鉴赏能力，帮助学生认识到本课程的学习重点和难点，为以后的深入学习提供可依靠的途径和方法。 【课程学习的基础】 《美国文学史及作品选读》课是英语专业的必修课，学生在此前应完成了精读、泛读、写作等基本技能训练，掌握了一定的专业知识和技能，具备一定的语言表达能力和分析论述能力。先修课程不在考核范围之内。 【考核的内容范围】 本课程的考核主要包括基本文学概念、文学流派及代表作家、文学表现手法、文学人物、文学现象和各种文学术语。 【考核的具体内容】 第一部分文学基础知识介绍 知识点： 1．什么是文学2．文学的基本概念和要素3．学习文学的方法4．美国文学历史简介 考核目标： 1．识记：文学的基本分类 2．理解：文学的基本概念和要素 3．运用：学习文学的有效方法和途径 第二部分殖民时期的文学 知识点： 1．美国殖民时期文学概述2．北美拓殖的开始3．美国清教主义思想4．美国清教主义思想对早期美国文学的影响5．殖民时期的代表作家及作品 考核目标： 1．识记：（1）安妮?布雷兹特里特（Anne Bradstreet）（2）爱德华?泰勒（Edward Taylor） （3）迈克尔?维哥斯沃斯(Michael Wigglesworth) 及代表作品 2．理解：早期北美殖民地时期文学状况 3．运用：殖民地时期文学的主要特征
第三部分独立革命时期的文学 知识点： 1．独立时期文学的主要特征 2．启蒙运动及主要思想 3．启蒙运动的代表：本杰明?富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin） 考核目标： 1．识记：（1）托马斯?杰弗逊（2）托马斯?潘恩(Thomas Paine) （3）本杰明?富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin） 2．理解：启蒙运动 3．运用：（1）启蒙运动的主要思想（2）本杰明?富兰克林Benjamin Franklin）的思想意识及精神风貌 第四部分浪漫主义时期的文学 1．英格兰超验主义2．欧洲浪漫主义文学的影响3．美国浪漫主义文学的特4．美国本土文学的崛起及其特征5．浪漫主义时期代表作家及作品 考核目标： 1．识记：（1）华盛顿?欧文（Washington Irving）（2）詹姆斯?弗尼莫?库柏（James Fenimore Cooper）（3）威廉姆?卡兰?布赖恩特（William Cullen Bryant）（4）埃德加?爱伦?坡（Edgar Allan Poe）（5）纳撒尼尔?霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）（6）拉多夫?瓦尔多?爱默生(Ralph Waldo Emerson) （7）亨利?大卫?梭罗（Henry David Thoreau）（8）赫曼?麦尔维尔（Herman Melville）（9）沃尔特?惠特曼（Walt Whitman）（10）艾米莉?狄金森（Emily Dickinson）及其作品。 2．理解：浪漫主义文学的特征及超验主义思想 3．运用：浪漫主义时期代表作家的创作思想及作品的艺术风格 第五部分现实主义时期的文学 1．美国现实主义文学产生的社会和文化背景2．美国现实主义时期的文学特3．现实主义时期作家及作品 考核目标： 1．识记：现实主义, 马克?吐温及其作品 2．理解：美国现实主义时期的文学特征，美国乡土文3．运用：马克?吐温的主要代表作及其主题思想和艺术风格 第一部分文学基础知识介绍
美国文学史术语翻译 作家作品
A religious doctrine that advocates hard work, self-discipline, thrift, and sobriety, regards labour as one’s divine task, without the enjoyment of the fruit of the labour. The purpose is to purify the corrupted church as had been established by Jesus Chris himself. John cotton and William roger Romanticism Is intellectual movement originating in Germany at the end of 18th century that gained strength in Western Europe after the Industrial Revolution, in the reaction to the social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment, its scientific rationalization of nature. The romantic values revolved around the full spectrum of the human emotional side embracing its instincts and rejecting the conventions of the Age of Reason. Romanticism的特点：frequently shared certain general characteristics, moral enthusiasm, faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that he natural world was a source of corruption. Transcendentalism as a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither logical nor systematized. It exalted feeling over reason, individual expression over the restraints of law and custom.2) they spoke for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society. 3）they believe in the transcendence of "over soul", an all-pervading power for goodness from which all things come and of which all things are a part. Emerson 第一个提出idealism 代表人物：Emerson，believed that man was a part of absolute good。 Thoreau ，beheld divinity in the “unspotted innocence”of nature. Social &cultural background 1 a protest of intellectualism and doctrine of the church 2 a protest of foreign influences A idealistic philosophy of German & France (Fichte Schelling and Kant) B oriental mysticism Hindu works, Buddhism/the doctrine and philosophy of Chinese Confucius and Mencius 3 product of the dual heritage of American Puritanism Inner communication of the soul with God/puritan principle of self culture and self-improvement. Feature s: 1 emphasis on the spirit or over soul 2 emphasis on the importance of individual 3 nature as the symbolic of God/spirit/over soul Realism is a movement in European and American literature from 1830s to the end of the century. This new attitude was characterized by a great interest in the realities of life. It aimed at the interpretation of the actualities of any aspect of life, free from subjective prejudice, idealism, or romantic colour. It expressed the concern for the world of experience, of the commonplace, and for the familiar and the low. 代表作家：William Dean Howells Mark Twain and Henry James 1. Changes for the better 2. Changes for the worse
美国文学史梗概
一、殖民地时代和美国建国初期 最早来自这片新大陆的欧洲移民主要是定居在新英格兰的清教徒和马萨诸塞的 罗马天主教徒，二者虽然在教义上有很多不同之处，但他们都信奉加尔文主义：人生在世只是为了受苦受难，而他们唯一的希望是争做上帝的“选民”，死后进天国，相信“原罪”。这时的文学作品也主要反映了这些思想，和欧洲文学一脉相承。 代表作家：考顿·马瑟，乔纳森·爱德华兹，安妮·布拉兹特里特，爱德华·泰勒。 二、18世纪独立战争胜利后，美国经济社会进入稳步发展时期 这一时期是启蒙主义文学运动的时期，主要文学指导思想是“自然神论”（Deism），强调理性，认为“宇宙的运动始于上帝”；自然万物是“神的体现”，人生在世，不再是受苦受难以换取来世的新生，而是要消灭种族、性别和信仰的不平等，建立自己的“人间乐园”。 主要特点：作家多是美国独立战争的积极拥护者和参加者；文学指导思想除了自然神论之外还有“唯理主义”和“新古典主义”，18世纪末还开始萌发了“早期浪漫主义”；文学种类主要有历史、日记和政论，也有诗歌，讽刺小品和劝人向善的故事，18世纪末还产生了话剧。 启蒙运动中出现大量优秀的散文作品，并多出自开国元勋之手，如本杰明·富兰克林，托马斯·潘恩，以及托马斯·杰斐逊。 三、19世纪南北战争时期 这一时期的文学先后发展了浪漫主义，现实主义和自然主义。 浪漫主义：18世纪70年代－19世纪30年代是浪漫主义发展的初期，南北战争前30年（1830－1860）为极盛时期，南北战争后10年逐渐衰微并向现实主义过度。浪漫主义注重“想象”、“激情”和“个性解放”，认为人本质是善良的，铲除邪恶和拯救人类的手段是抛弃一切传统束缚，摧毁一切陈规陋习而回归到“自然的原始状态中去。超验主义是其一分支，强调“天人合一”，认为上帝、人类和自然都是“超灵”的组成部分。 代表作家及作品：爱默生《自然》，索罗《瓦尔登湖》，霍桑《红字》，麦尔维尔《白鲸》，惠特曼《草叶集》。 现实主义：是美国政治、经济发展的必然产物，西部开拓运动、工业化、科学技术的进步都促进了其发展。现实主义的作家一般为实用主义和民主主义的信徒，他们追求和反映的是具有具有显而易见效果并被经验证实了的相对真理，他们创作题材的是普通人平常事，是中产阶级艺术的最高表现。
美国文学考试作家作品
附：作者及作品（第一册） 一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America 1．船长约翰·史密斯Captain John Smith 《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》 “A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony” 《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》 “A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country” 《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia” 2．威廉·布拉德福德William Bradford and John Winthrop 《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation” 3．约翰·温思罗普John Winthrop 《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England” 4．罗杰·威廉姆斯Roger Williams 《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America” 或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》 Or “ A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ”5．安妮·布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet 《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》 ”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America” 二、理性和革命时期文学The Literature of Reason and Revolution 1。本杰明·富兰克林Benjamin Franklin ※《自传》“ The Autobiography ” 《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac” 2。托马斯·佩因Thomas Paine ※《美国危机》“The American Crisis” 《收税官的案子》“The Case of the Officers of the Excise” 《常识》“Common Sense” 《人权》“Rights of Man” 《理性的时代》“The Age of Reason” 《土地公平》“Agrarian Justice” 3。托马斯·杰弗逊Thomas Jefferson ※《独立宣言》 4。菲利浦·弗瑞诺Philip Freneau ※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle” ※《印第安人的坟地》“The Indian Burying Ground” ※《致凯提·迪德》“To a Caty-Did” 《想象的力量》“The Power of Fancy” 《夜屋》“The House of Night” 《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship” 《战争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集》 “The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War” 《札记》“Miscellaneous Works”
美国文学史选读1
History And Anthology of American Literature (VolumeⅠ) 美国文学史及选读1 PartⅠThe Literature of Colonial America殖民主义时期的文学 1. 17世纪早期English and European explorers开始登陆美洲。在他们之前100多年Caribbean Islands, Mexico and other Parts of South America已被the Spanish占领。 2. 17th早期English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts(弗吉尼亚和马萨诸塞)开始了美国历史 3. 美国最早殖民者(earliest settlers)included Dutch ,Swedes ,Germans ,Freunch ,Spaniards ,Italians and Portugueses (荷兰人，瑞典人，德国人，法国人，西班牙人，意大利人及葡萄牙人等)。 4. 美国早期文学主要为the narratives and journals of these settlements采用in diaries and in journals(日记和日志)，他们写关于the land with dense forests and deep-blue lakes and rich soil. 5. 第一批美国永久居民：the first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown,Virginia in 1607(北美弗吉尼亚詹姆斯顿)。 6. 船长约翰·史密斯Captain John Smith他的作品(reports of exploration)17th早期出版，被认为是美国第一部真正意义上的文学作品in the early 1600s,have been described as the first distinctly American literature written in English.他讲述了filled with themes,
美国文学史及选文的重要作者介绍
17th早期English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts(弗吉尼亚和马萨诸塞)开始了美国历史 第一批美国永久居民：the first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown,Virginia in 1607(北美弗吉尼亚詹姆斯顿)。 美国第一位作家：1608年Captain John Smith写了封信《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”. 他的第二本书1612年《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”. 普利茅斯第一任首长：William Bradford; 波斯顿第一任首长：John Winthrop. William Bradford:《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation” John Winthrop:《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”. Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790 殖民地时期作家。独立战争前惟一的杰出的美国作家in the colonial period, the only good American author before the Revolutionary War. 出生于波士顿Boston,曾创办《半岛公报》。1732-1758出版《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac” collocation of proverbs. 建立一秘密俱乐部the Junto, informal discussion of scientific, economic and political ideals.建立可借图书馆，创办宾夕法尼亚大学。 美国第一位主要作家the first major writer 他最好作品收录在《自传》“Autobiography”。编辑了美国第一份殖民地杂志“General Magazine” Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文1783-1859 他是美国第一位浪漫主义散文文体作家，大众化风格was the first great prose stylist of American romanticism familiar style. Walt Whitman沃尔特·惠特曼1819-1892 美国文学史上极其重要的、具有创新精神的作家之一，他的《草叶集》中系列诗歌是美国文学史上第一部真正的史诗one of the great innovators in American literature. In the cluster of poems he called “Leaves of Grass”he gave America its first genuine epic poem Mark Twain 马克·吐温1835-1910原名Samuel Langhorne Clemens 塞缪尔·朗赫恩·克莱门斯。 Robert Frost罗伯特·弗洛斯特1874-1963,曾四次获得普利策奖， Ernest Hemingway厄恩斯特·海明威1899-1961 1954年他因“现代叙述艺术的精湛技巧”而获得诺贝尔文学奖he was awarded a Nobel Prize for his “mastery of the art of modern narration”. 1961年在家自杀。